AMS4325A prohibits unauthorized exceptions (3.7), revises condition (3.2), properties (3.4.5), quality (3.5.1), reports (4.4.1), and identification (5.1.1), and results from a Five-Year Review and update of this specification.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Plate (7085-T7651) 7.5Zn - 1.6Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.12Zr Solution Heat Treated, Stress-Relieved, and Overaged

AMS4329C (Current)

9/30/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 4.001 to 7.000 inch, incl. (101.62 to 177.80 mm, incl.) in thickness (see 8.4).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Performance Analysis of Graphene-Coated Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers for Automobile Exhaust Cooling and Purification

2025-01-50061/23/2025

This research investigates the development of a heat pipe heat exchanger coated with graphene for cooling and purification of automobile exhausts. The heat exchanger directly affects the performance of the engine because proper heat dissipation and transfer can improve engine performance, reduce fuel consumption, and decrease the emission. Moreover, this effect is much more noticeable on coated heat pipes because of the enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the graphene films. A heat null emitted by internal combustion engines was used in the experimental setup to test the thermal performance, cooling efficiency, and purification efficiency of the newly designed in-house exhaust simulation system where the new heat pipes were inserted. The results of the experiment show that the heat pipes have very high thermal performance as the efficiency of the heat pipes was calculated to be around 85%. Furthermore, the temperature decrease over the surfaces of the heat

Karthigairajan, M., Seeniappan, Kaliappan, Balaji, N., Natrayan, L., Sheik, Salman Basha, Ravi, D.

Analyses of Cold Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Eutectic Mixtures of Inorganic Hydrated Salts as Phase Change Materials

2025-01-50031/23/2025

Cold thermal energy storage using phase changing materials is being researched to find freezing and thawing points. The use of inorganic hydrated salts, a type of phase changing material (PCM) used in cold energy storage systems without the use of existing renewable energy systems, allows for a longer cooling effect and saves energy. A high volumetric storage density and relatively high thermal conductivity make hydrated salts suitable materials for thermal energy storage. They can be used only as inorganic mixtures or else they can also be used as eutectic mixtures, which involve mixtures of inorganic–inorganic salts or simply a combination of two or more inorganic salts. This research deals with eutectic mixtures, which are 4% KNO3 + 96% H2O, 4% NaHCO3 + 96% H2O, and 2% KNO3 + 2% NaHCO3 + 96% H2O. Three different novel eutectic mixtures were examined and found a suitable mixture for a cold thermal energy system. An efficient phase change approach involving 2% KNO3 + 2% NaHCO3 + 96

Vasanthkumar, P., Santhoshkumar, A., Gopika, P., Murali, M., Meera, C.

Carbon Fiber Roving for Magnet Retention on BLDC Motors

F-0080-2024-1210

5/7/2024

This white paper discusses the application of carbon fiber roving for rotor magnet retention in high-performance Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, focusing on sectors like Advanced Air Mobility and motorsports. Highlighting the benefits of carbon fiber's tensile strength, thermal characteristics, and electrical resistivity, it compares thermoset and thermoplastic matrices, analyzing their trade-offs. It delves into manufacturing methods, particularly the advantages of in-situ winding of Hexcel® HexTow® IM7 12k carbon fiber directly onto rotors, versus pre-wound sleeves, emphasizing controlled processes for even stress distribution and preventing failure. Key design factors such as operating speed, temperature, and air gap dimensions are considered to optimize carbon fiber's application. Windings' expertise in fabricating high-tolerance carbon fiber wound rotors is showcased, highlighting its potential to enhance motor power output and offering collaboration for innovative retention solutions

Alderks, Blaine

Lightning Strike Experiments and Their Direct Effects on Flax Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Panels for Rotorcraft Components

F-0080-2024-1307

5/7/2024

This paper experimentally investigates direct effects of lightning strikes on flax fiber-reinforced polymers. Highcurrent artificial lightning strikes are conducted on coupon level to evaluate thermo-mechanical damage and to quantify the sufficiency of copper wire mesh as lightning strike protection (LSP). The dataset shall also serve for verification of prospected numerical simulation. The natural fiber flax, as a sustainable source of composite reinforcement, has been demonstrated to be suitable for semi-structural parts of rotorcraft. However, its low electrical and thermal conductivity requires a functional LSP layer for aviation applications. The test panels are investigated regarding their material combination, stacking sequence and level of LSP. Results show that two as well as three layers of 72 g/m2 copper mesh are not sufficient to withstand the standardized lightning current component A waveform of 200 kA. The high induced currents and low capability of energy dissipation

Gaugelhofer, Lukas, Yavrucuk, Ilkay, Hajek, Manfred, John, Jonas

A Molecular-Sized, More Efficient Electronic Sensor

TBMG-498131/1/2024

Australian researchers have developed a molecular-sized, more efficient version of a widely used electronic sensor, in a breakthrough that could bring widespread benefits.

Heatable Vehicle Glazing with Antennas

2022-01-01483/29/2022

In this paper, we propose a vehicle antenna system on a conductive heat reflecting window. A slot antenna in a heatable vehicle glazing established between the heating bus bar, bus bar extension and the peripheral edge of an electrically conductive IR reflective coating. The antenna slot may be fed directly by a voltage source, a current source, or a coupled coplanar line at a position to excite both fundamental and higher order modes for multiband antenna applications. The slot antenna can be also established between split heating bus bars or heating bus bar extension to reduces heat loss and improve antenna efficiency. Multiple antennas can be integrated into the heatable glazing for multiband applications and/or diversity antenna systems. Results from simulation on the vehicle are compared with measurements.

Dai, David

Delamination Failure on High-Output Diesel Engine Thermal Barrier Coatings

2022-01-05393/29/2022

An analytical mechanics model was employed to predict the delamination of several thermal-barrier-coated pistons that had been previously tested in a high-output, single-cylinder diesel engine. Some of the coatings delaminated during engine operation. Results are presented for two thicknesses of the same coating material, and for two similar coatings with different levels of stiffness. All the coating thermomechanical properties such as thermal conductivity, density, volumetric heat capacity, thickness, elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, Poisson ratio and toughness, were measured prior to engine testing. Previous measurements of the piston transient heat flux, based on fast-response surface temperature data, in the same engine were used as an input to calculate the multilayer wall temperature distribution. A theoretical methodology was employed to evaluate and predict the coating durability. The method considers the release rate of elastic strain energy stored in the

Koutsakis, Georgios, Saputo, John, Gingrich, Eric, Tess, Michael, Sampath, Sanjay, Ghandhi, J.

Use of Thermally Conductive Electrically Insulative (TCEI) Materials in E-motor Slot Liner Applications

2022-01-02243/29/2022

Slot liners are commonly used in electric motors to electrically insulate the motor windings from the laminated core. However, thermal conductivity of materials commonly used as slot liners is very low compared to other components in the motor thus creating a barrier for heat transfer. This thermal barrier affects overall motor performance and efficiency. Also, slot liners typically lack intimate contact with the laminated core resulting in air gaps which further increase thermal resistance in the system. Slot liners are traditionally made from high temperature films/papers that are cut and slid into slots of motors. The proposed work looks at developing an injection moldable slot liner to minimize air gaps. Additionally, use of TECI materials further lowers thermal resistance. A thermal finite element model has been developed to evaluate effects of slot liner thermal properties and air gaps on temperature distribution within the motor. The model incorporates varying material

Sundararaman, Saikrishna, Szparagowski, Ray

Decoding Genuine Ceramic Pad Formulations- Materials and Processing

2021-01-127710/11/2021

The need to develop genuine ceramic composites for PV applications arose to overcome the challenges associated with traditional semi-metallic pads. The main focus is to achieve better performance, low noise, better pad and rotor wear, and low dust compared to semi- metallic pads. In general, brake pads convert kinetic energy to thermal energy through friction, and operating temperature in semi-metallic brake pads is higher due to the presence of steel having high thermal conductivity. Over the last decade, the customer preference has moved over to ceramic pads due to light coloured pad surface, low rotor and pad wear and low dust compared to semi-metallic pads. The traditional steel has been replaced by Aramid, engineered ceramic fibre, potassium titanate (TISMO D), lapinus fibre (RB 250) to impart similar/better performance. The current work investigates the characterisation of genuine ceramic and semi-metallic composites. Three genuine ceramic and one semi-met composite have been

Tomar, Bharat, Ali, Sharafat, Ellis, Keith, Choudhary, Yogesh

A Molecular Dynamics Study of Tribological Properties of Silicon Carbide as a Metal-Free Friction Material

2021-01-128410/11/2021

Friction materials containing metal ingredients used in the automotive industry can cause unfavorable environmental impacts. Existing laws and regulations require heavy metals in brake pads to be phased out of production. Substitutions for metals in friction materials, however, may introduce operational safety issue and other unforeseen problems. In the current study, a molecular dynamics model based on LAMMPS has been developed to study the effect of material composition, density, and geometric configurations on the tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties of silicon carbide under various contact conditions at the atomic level. Simulations which incorporate interfacial contact between surface asperities were performed to predict the elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, wear rate, and coefficient of friction. The resulting predicted properties may help enhance the performance of engineered metal-free friction materials against thermal-mechanical failures. The following

Zhang, Yizhan, LeNeave, Cortney, Yi, Yun-Bo

Effect of Single Layer Thin Film Thermal Barrier Coatings on Mechanical, Thermal and Tribological Characterization of Cast Iron (GJL 300)

2021-28-028510/1/2021

Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are one of the most promising technologies for reducing heat dissipation through the combustion chamber in internal combustion engines. In this paper, Gadolinium Zirconate (GZ) was chosen as coating material and prepared using a solid-state synthesis process. Cast iron (GJL 300) was selected as substrate, which is predominantly used as the cylinder head material, and GZ was deposited using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition Technique (EB-PVD). The mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties were evaluated as per the ASTM standards. Improved hardness and wear resistance is noted on coated substrates. The thermal conductivity and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the coated substrates were decreased by 2.43% and 6.15% respectively when compared to uncoated substrates. Hence, it is confirmed that thin-film TBCs will also be helpful in retaining some heat inside the combustion chamber of IC engines.

Velusamy, Raja, Swaminathan, Mangudi Rangaswamy, Periyana Pillai, Hariharan, Annamalai, Suresh Babu, Ganapathy, Sakthinathan, Sathishkumar, Dhanalakshmi, Annamalai, Kumarasamy, Venkat, Natarajan, Radhakrishnan PhD, Vignesh, Kumaran, Naveen Kumar, Sharma, Gnanaeshwar

Comparing and analysing the static and thermal characteristics of brake disc for three different materials

2021-28-025310/1/2021

In automobiles, the most commonly used braking system is disc brake. In the brake disc, rotor is the rotating part of a wheel's disc brake assembly, against which the brake pads are applied by the driver through mechanical action. So, the disk is the important component in either slowing down or stopping the vehicle. These discs were commonly made of cast iron conventionally. But the limitations with respect to cast iron are that they have less corrosion resistance and heavy in weight. In order to overcome the above-said complications, alternate materials for disc have to be found. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of three different materials and compare their results and suggest a suitable material that highly influences the conventional material and has better performance under on-road rigorous braking conditions. In order to find an alternative material for Cast Iron (CI), EN31, Ti-6Al-4V(Ti alloy) acts as a potential candidate in offering great

K, Kaviyarasan, R, Soundararajan, Richter R, Abhisheak, K, Siva, Purusothaman, S, S, Shiva Gurunathan

Machinability Studies on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of AA2014 alloy using Taguchi Grey Approach

2021-28-026410/1/2021

AA 2014 is a copper based aluminium alloy which is having exceptional mechanical characteristics such as better strength, ductility and lesser fatigue. AA 2014 is most generally employed in various engineering applications such as fabrication of structural components, defense applications and manufacturing of aerospace components. Also, this material possess better resistant to corrosion which makes this material best suitable for numerous engineering applications. Unconventional methods of machining have been evolved for producing intricate shapes in electrically conductive components. Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is one among the unconventional machining method which is used for making intricate shape on any electrically conductive work material. In this work, an experimentation has been carried out on WEDM of AA 2014 alloy, employing Taguchi’s technique. The experimental runs have been conducted by taking into account, the process variables such as pulse-on-time, pulse

Navya, C., Chandra Sekhara Reddy PhD, M

Tribological Behavior of Thermal and Mechanical Composite Reinforced Sisal Characteristics and Influence SiC Filling Material

2021-28-027710/1/2021

In order to investigate the possible use of normal capital, we have tried by hand to manufacture sisal fibre polymer composites. Natural fibre composites are reusable, low-cost and biodegradable. Simple source, lesser compactness, superior basic property, lower quality, acceptable physical and mechanical properties, non acidic in environment, make them a good-looking biological substitute for glass, carbon or other artificial fibres. The outcome of SiC on the physical and mechanical properties of organic sisal composite materials is studied in this work. The composite was manufactured with and without SiC, mixing natural sisal fibre with polyester as a reinforcement medium. The investigational results showed that the tensile force of the mixture with 12 % SiC was 2.52 times better than that of the composite devoid of SiC. The collision strength of the 12% SiC merged is 1.72 times higher than that of the SiC pure polyester composite. The physical properties deliberate include thermal

RAJU, GANESAMOORTHY, NATARAJAN, Balaji, Chakaravarthy, Ezilarasan, Samikannu, Poovaragan, R, Soundararajan

Inspection and Test Quality Systems, Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Organizations

AS9003B9/30/2021

Price increases in effect for this document as of January 2017 reflect a new copyright agreement for use of ISO 9001:2009. This standard includes selected quality system requirements from ISO 9001:2008[1] and AS9100:2009 applicable to noncomplex products and associated manufacturing processes. ISO 9001 text incorporated into this standard appears in standard font; while aviation, space, and defense industry additional requirements, definitions, and notes are presented in bold, italic text. The requirements of this standard are intended to be applied in whole, without any exclusions. Compliance with all corresponding AS9100 requirements is considered to meet/exceed compliance with the requirements of this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the

G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)

A Holistic Approach of Developing New High Strength Cast Iron for Weight Optimization

2021-26-02449/22/2021

Cast Iron is being used in various Industries like Automotive, Agriculture, Construction etc., for many decades. Metal casting processes have its unique advantages like ease of heavy weight castings, intricate shapes, higher productivity. Commercially viable (low cost) etc., using wide range of materials like Gray cast iron, Spheroidal cast iron, Malleable cast iron ,cast steel etc., Cast iron have an excellent properties like high dampening capacity, higher thermal conductivity, wear resistance required by many critical applications. These unique combinations will be chosen to serve the purposes both functionally and commercially. However, in last one-decade automotive and agriculture industries are facing issue of fuel economy which directly influenced by the weight of the vehicle. For off-road vehicle like tractors, One of the major contributor in vehicle weight is cast iron. Many material grades and strengthening mechanisms are recently being evolved to optimize the cast iron

Gunalan, Magendran, Anandeswaran, V.A

Aluminum Alloy, Plate, 7.9Zn - 1.8Cu - 2.0Mg - 0.10Zr (7099-T7651) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Overaged

AMS4364A (Current)

9/15/2021

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate from 1.000 to 6.000 inches (25.40 to 152.40 mm) in thickness (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Plate, 7.9Zn - 1.8Cu - 2.0Mg - 0.10Zr (7099-T7651) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Overaged

AMS4364A-TEST-REC (Historical)9/15/2021

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate from 1.000 to 6.000 inches (25.40 to 152.40 mm) in thickness (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

5 Ws of Puncture-Proof Soft Electronics

TBMG-397889/1/2021

The durable soft electronics could be used in wearable electronics and soft robotics and could someday be part of a stretchable smartphone.

Piezoresistive 3D Printed (FFF) Accelerometers

2021-01-10978/31/2021

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology, one of the most accessible additive manufacturing technologies, can be used to create sensors based on different sensing principles, e.g.: capacitance, inductance, piezoelectricity, piezoresistivity. Piezoresistivity (strain-dependent electrical resistivity) has been predominantly used for the creation of static/quasistatic 3d printed sensors with relatively low sensitivity. This study researches the possibilities of a single-process 3d printing of a piezoresistive accelerometer. Initially, the methods for the axial and cross-axial identification of the piezoresistive properties are discussed. It is shown that the sensitivity is highly dependent on the printing parameters, especially the printing track orientation vs the mechanical load orientation. The research on the sensitivity of a 3D printed piezoresistive structure is extended with an inertial mass-based accelerometer design. Finally, an uniaxial accelerometer with

Arh, Matic, Slavic, Janko, Boltežar, Miha

Reduced Heat Leakage Improves Wearable Health Device

TBMG-396178/1/2021

Researchers have enhanced a flexible body heat harvester by preventing heat leakage. The harvesters use heat energy from the human body to power wearable technologies. The technology relies on the same principles governing rigid thermoelectric harvesters that convert heat to electrical energy.

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, 90 DEGREE, SELF LOCKING AND NON-SELF LOCKING, PRE-ATTACHED SHIELD TERMINATION (RFI/EMI), BOOT ACCOMODATION, CATEGORY 3B FOR MIL-DTL-38999 SERIES III AND IV CONNECTORS

AS85049/117D (Current)7/30/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, STRAIGHT, NON-SELF LOCKING AND SELF LOCKING, PRE-ATTACHED SHIELD TERMINATION (RFI/EMI), BOOT ACCOMMODATION, CATEGORY 3B (FOR MIL-DTL-83723 SERIES III, AS50151 CRIMP, AS95234, AS81703 SERIES III, AND MIL-DTL-26482 SERIES II CONNECTORS)

AS85049/109D (Current)7/30/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, 90 DEGREE, SELF-LOCKING AND NON-SELF LOCKING, PRE-ATTACHED SHIELD TERMINATION (RFI/EMI), BOOT ACCOMMODATION, CATEGORY 3B (FOR MIL-DTL-38999 SERIES I AND II CONNECTORS)

AS85049/114D (Current)7/30/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, STRAIGHT, SELF LOCKING AND NON-SELF LOCKING, PRE-ATTACHED SHIELD TERMINATION (RFI/EMI), BOOT ACCOMMODATION, CATEGORY 3B (FOR MIL-DTL-38999 SERIES III AND IV CONNECTORS)

AS85049/115D (Current)6/22/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

AS85049/112D (Current)6/22/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, 90 DEGREE, SELF LOCKING AND NON-SELF LOCKING, PRE-ATTACHED SHIELD TERMINATION (RFI/EMI), BOOT ACCOMMODATION, CATEGORY 3B (FOR MIL-DTL-83723 SERIES III, AS50151 CRIMP, AS95234, AS81703 SERIES III, AND MIL-DTL-26482 SERIES II CONNECTORS)

AS85049/111D (Current)6/22/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Hose Characteristics and Selection Chart

AIR797F (Current)

4/30/2021

This document lists military and industry specifications and standards which are used in aerospace systems and for ground servicing equipment. The characteristic limitations of the hose, which are of major importance to designers, and the sizes in which the hoses are standard are shown. Revisions and amendments, which are current for these specifications and standards, are not listed.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Hose Characteristics and Selection Chart

AIR797F-TEST-REC (Historical)4/30/2021

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Aluminum Alloy, Plate 6.2Zn - 2.3Cu - 2.2Mg - 0.12Zr (7050-T7451) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Overaged

AMS4050K (Current)

4/22/2021

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Copper-Beryllium Alloy, Bars and Rods 98Cu - 1.9Be Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated (TH04, formerly HT)

AMS4534E (Current)

4/22/2021

This specification covers a copper-beryllium alloy in the form of bars and rods up to 3.000 inches (76.20 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides (see 8.7).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee