Browse Topic: Containers

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Faster Cool-Down of a Reefer Unit by Optimizing the System Losses through Experimental Investigation2022-28-044211/09/2022
Refrigerated shipping containers are one of the four segments of the cold chain; cooling and storage; refrigerated transport; distribution centre and refrigerated display in super markets. The term reefer has become an established term to refer refrigerated shipping containers. It is one of the emerging areas in transport segments. With the onset of ongoing pandemic this area has further drawn global attention recently and due focus is being given to the development and improvement of reefer unit Hence with the growing demand in this field the energy consumption is also leapfrogging day by day. Primary energy sources (fossil fuel) are depleting and their environmental impact is raising anxiety around the world. In order to minimize unnecessary energy waste in refrigerated shipping container system, it needs to be designed to be energy efficient and provide high cooling capacity to ensure rapid pull down to carriage temperature and to maintain product quality at idle. Improper operation
Sen, Somnath
Ducted Fuel Injection: An Experimental Study on Optimal Duct Size2022-01-054303/29/2022
Ducted fuel injection (DFI) was implemented in a constant flow High Temperature Pressure Vessel (HTPV) at 60bar ambient pressure, 800-1000K ambient temperature, 21% oxygen. The ducts were 14mm long and placed approximately 3mm away from the orifice exit. The duct diameters ranged from 1.6-3.2mm and had a rounded inlet and a tapered outlet. Diesel fuel was used in a single-orifice fuel injector operating at a rail pressure of 250MPa, where the orifice diameters ranged from 150-219µm. The objective of this work was to study soot reduction for various combinations of orifice diameter in relation to duct diameter. Several combinations of orifice and duct diameters were tested. A complete data set was taken using the 150µm orifice. The results clearly show that soot reduction peaks at an optimal duct size of 2-2.25mm and is reduced as the duct diameter is increased or decreased. A smaller number of test points were also taken using the 169 and 219µm orifices, showing similar trends
Svensson, Kenth, Fitzgerald, Russell, Martin, Glen
Pseudo Transient Torque Converter Clutch Engagement Process Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation2022-01-078103/29/2022
This investigation utilizes a correlated fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of the torque converter and clutch assembly to perform a pseudo transient clutch engagement at steady state operating conditions. The pseudo transient condition consists of a series of nine steady state simulations that transition the torque converter clutch from fully released to near full lockup at a constant input torque and output speed representative of a highway cruising speed. The flow and pressured field of the torque converter torus and clutch are solved using a CFD model and then passed along to a transient structural model to determine the torque capacity of the lockup clutch. Bulk property assumptions regarding the friction material, deformation of the clutch plate and deflection of supporting structures were made to simplify the model setup, run time and solution convergence. Telemetry pressure measurements acquired in an operating torque converter under similar operating conditions on a
Beldar, Aniket, Robinette, Darrell, Blough, Jason
Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composite Container for N1 category of Vehicles2021-26-025109/22/2021
The small commercial vehicle business is driven by demand in logistic, last mile transportation and white goods market. And to cater these businesses operational and safety needs, they require closed container on vehicle. As of now, very few OEM's provide regulatory certified container vehicle because of constrains to meet inertia class of the vehicle. The paper focuses on design of a durable and extremely reliable container, made of the low-cost economy class glass fiber & core material. The present work provides the means to design the composite container for the N1 category of the vehicle. The weight of after-market metal container ranges between 300-350 Kgs for this category of vehicle, which affects the overall Fuel Economy and Emission of the vehicle. A detailed CAE analysis is done to design composite container suitable to meet inertia class targets and to achieve weight reduction of 30-40% as compared to metal container. The design is validated and optimised using Inertia
Khandekar, Dhiraj Baburao, Ankur, Manjeet Singh
Remover, Acid Activated, For Amine-Cured Epoxy Coating SystemsAMSR81903A (Current)05/06/2021
This specification covers the requirements for removers used on amine-cured epoxy coating systems (see 6.1).
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Remover, Acid Activated, For Amine-Cured Epoxy Coating SystemsAMSR81903A-TEST-REC (Historical)05/06/2021
This specification covers the requirements for removers used on amine-cured epoxy coating systems (see 6.1).
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Light, Desk, AircraftAS7768B (Current)04/22/2021
This specification covers the requirements for a light assembly for use on aircraft cabin desks.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Medical Device Package Testing: Developing a Test Plan that Avoids Product Launch DelaysTBMG-3758709/01/2020
By Sunny J. Modi, PhD, Director of Package Testing for Eurofins Medical Device Testing, Lancaster, PA
ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION OF SOFTWARE BY CRATE (EDS CRATE)ARINC827-1 (Current)08/10/2020
This standard describes the format for electronic distribution of aircraft software parts and other contents between aerospace business partners using a digital container referred to as an EDS crate. This EDS standard is intended to promote consistent, secure distribution of EDS content to any appropriate destination.
Avionics Maintenance Committee
Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass DamperTBMG-3739308/01/2020
NASA Marshall innovators have developed the Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass Damper (FTMD) that allows for significant distribution of loads while also providing a simple mechanism that allows for the capability to change its frequency of mitigation with negligible impact on the damper system.
Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace CleanersAMS7201 (Current)07/14/2020
This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace CleanersAMS7201-TEST-REC (Historical)07/14/2020
This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
BAND INSTALLATION TOOL, HAND, ONE-STEP, FOR AS85049/128 CONNECTOR ACCESSORY CABLE SHIELD TERMINATING BANDSAS81306/1C (Current)04/22/2020
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Coiled Spring Pins20AERP04_0104/01/2020
What Do They Do? How Do You Install Them? Of the hundreds of different types of fasteners used within the aerospace industry, the coiled spring pin was specifically invented as a solution to a “pinning” issue related to securing jet engine turbine blade assemblies back in the 1940s. No other fastener (pin, bolt, rivet, etc.) was strong enough to resist the forces generated during use that was also flexible enough to enable the pin to absorb shock and vibration to isolate the loads from the host material. It is this unique combination of strength and flexibility that enables the coiled pin to preserve the integrity of the hole and ensure that assemblies subject to dynamic loading stay intact. Today, coiled spring pins are used extensively throughout the aerospace industry for a wide variety of purposes. They are used to fasten two or more components together within evacuation slide mechanisms and cargo straps; they are used as hinge pins within interior latch mechanisms in overhead bin
How to Install Coiled Spring PinsTBMG-3660404/01/2020
Slippery Surfaces Allow Sticky Pastes and Gels to SlideTBMG-3619203/01/2020
Materials known as yield-stress fluids, including gels and pastes, can be found in consumer products such as food, condiments, and cosmetics, and in products in the energy and pharmaceuticals industries. Unlike other fluids such as water and oils, these materials will not start to flow on their own, even when their container is turned upside-down. Starting the flow requires an input of energy, such as squeezing the container.
Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass DamperTBMG-3525310/01/2019
Innovators at Marshall Space Flight Center developed the fluid-filled Frequency-Tunable Mass Damper (FTMD) technology that allows for significant distribution of loads while also providing a simple mechanism that allows for the capability to change its frequency of mitigation with negligible impact on the damper system. For existing fluid-filled pipes, ducts, ballast tanks, etc., the fluid can be leveraged to provide vibration mitigation. This new technology enables structural engineers to set and change the fundamental mitigation attributes of the mass damper system with little to no modification of the fluid container.
Low-Cost and Light-Weight Fireproof Material for Aircraft: Interior, Cargo Compartment and Unit Load Device (Fire and Explosion Container ULD)2019-01-185709/16/2019
Fire is a dramatic issue in aircraft nowadays, especially for composite air craft. An additional issue is the dangerous use of flammable Li-Ion batteries in many devices. To minimize fire issues, it is proposed to produce aircraft interiors, fire doors, cargo bay walls, and cargo containers that are able to contain a fire inside them, with our ceramic composite called TOUGHCERAM®. It is low-cost, ceramic, damage tolerant, and flexible between minus 100°C and plus 350°C. TOUGHCERAM® poly-crystalizes between 20°C and 110°C and can be reinforced with fibers (carbon or basalt). It will survive 90 minutes under direct contact with a propane torch of 1900°C. TOUGHCERAM® does not burn or smoke. This paper will explain how it is possible to develop a fully mineral-ceramic offering with unique mechanical, fire, and blast containment properties.
Sardou, Max
New and Newly Retreaded Tire AppearanceARP6307A (Current)07/02/2019
This document is for establishing and addressing anomalies on appearance of new and newly retreaded tires prior to installation on aircraft. It is intended to use cosmetics as well as functionality to make a determination of acceptability. However, if cosmetic appearance is not a requirement, use the inspection criteria from ARP6225. This ARP does not supersede (E)TSO-C62 minimum requirements, including marking requirements.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Rubber Synthetic Low-Temperature Resistant 25 - 35AMS3204N (Current)05/10/2019
This specification covers a synthetic rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Environmental Degradation of Composite MaterialsARP6287 (Current)10/18/2018
In accordance with § 4.11 of AS36100, materials used in the construction of pallets, nets, and containers shall take into account the effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and UV degradation, expected in service. In accordance with (E)TSO-C90, the applicant shall consider environmental degradation due to aging, ultra-violet (UV) exposure, weathering, etc., for any materials used in the construction of pallets, nets, and containers. The purpose of this Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide guidelines for the basic requirements to be considered regarding environmental degradation effects when qualifying composite materials in the design to fulfill the (E)TSO-C90 Minimum Performance Standard. Material qualification is the verifying of a materials attributes and characterizations, which are typically determined through testing. Material variances related to raw materials and manufacturing processes are not part of this Aerospace Recommended
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Method for Assessing the Cleanliness Level of New Hydraulic FluidJ1277_201810 (Current)10/04/2018
To provide a method by which to assess the cleanliness of new hydraulic fluids. The method is applicable to new mineral and synthetic hydraulic fluids - regardless of packaging. This SAE Standard is not intended as a procedure for operating equipment.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Grease: Wide Temperature Range Lithium or Lithium Complex Thickened for Aircraft Wheel BearingsAMS3058A (Current)08/09/2018
This specification covers grease for use on aircraft wheel bearings. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in the grease formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in 2.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before a grease is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific grease in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builder and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this
AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
Radiation Analysis SoftwareTBMG-2903506/01/2018
For emergencies involving radiation, decision-makers must have a means to swiftly assess the situation. Having analysis tools that can quickly and reliably make sense of radiation data is of the essence.
Noncontact Sensor Measures Density and Speed of Sound of a Liquid in a Pipeline or VesselTBMG-2873604/01/2018
The need for non-invasive, real-time measurement of the density and speed of sound of a liquid led to the development of an ultrasonic sensing technique based upon the reflection of ultrasound at the solid-fluid interface.
New and Newly Retreaded Tire AppearanceARP6307 (Historical)02/06/2018
This document is for establishing and addressing anomalies on appearance of new and newly retreaded tires prior to installation on aircraft. It is intended to use cosmetics as well as functionality to make a determination of acceptability. However, if cosmetic appearance is not a requirement, use the inspection criteria from ARP6225, Aircraft Tire Removal Criteria. This ARP does not supersede (E)TSO-C62 minimum requirements including marking requirements.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Portable Device for Rapid Detection of the Zika VirusTBMG-2819001/01/2018
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) listed more than 5,000 cases of the Zika virus in the U.S. from January 2015 to February 2017. The vast majority of those cases were travelers returning from affected areas. Florida has the highest number of cases of the Zika virus at 1,069 reported cases, with 214 cases acquired through presumed local mosquito-borne transmission.
Products of Tomorrow: December 2017TBMG-2800712/01/2017
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Modular Fixturing for Assembly and Welding ApplicationsTBMG-2797712/01/2017
Researchers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center have developed new modular fixtures for holding metal in place during the assembly and welding of cylindrical and conical sections of rocket bodies. Previous methods required time-consuming design, fabrication, and assembly of expensive, project-specific fixtures, which often required up to six months of lead time and cost millions of dollars to complete. NASA’s modular fixtures are designed to be adjustable and to easily form different fixture body configurations for rocket sections with various diameters and heights. This improved setup efficiency allows for a more rapid shift from one project to the next, reducing the time a newly designed fixture body takes to complete, allowing welding to begin in a matter of weeks rather than months. NASA is currently seeking licensees that may benefit from modular fixtures in large-scale manufacturing.
Pallet Lift Truck and Container Fork Pocket InterfaceAS5389 (Current)11/05/2017
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) details the design of fork pockets on containers and equipment for use with pallet lift trucks and forklift trucks.
AGE-4 Packaging, Handling and Transportability Committee
Development of Automated Structural Health Monitoring for Composite Overwrapped Pressure VesselsTBMG-2782311/01/2017
Virtually all NASA spacecraft use composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) to reduce the weight disadvantage of metal pressure vessels. However, these composite structures are more susceptible to damage than metal PVs, are difficult to inspect, have large burst pressure variability, and are susceptible to stress rupture when maintained at pressure. Over the past few years, NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) has developed novel analysis methods that show promise for assessing the structural health of composite overwrapped pressure vessels. These methods and industry standard methods have been integrated into specialized software for automated analysis, thus significantly increasing throughput to the point where real-time assessments of structural health may be determined. Adaptive analysis methods have also been developed to provide modal analyses at specified points in a structure's life, including loading, unloading, and dwells. Together, these
Functionally Graded Metal-Metal Composite StructuresTBMG-2770010/01/2017
NASA Langley Research Center has developed a functionally graded metal-metal composite structure. The structure is created using a method that avoids deleterious reactions between the different metal constituents, as would be observed via conventional melt processing. The results are unique alloy compositions and arrangements not typically available through conventional processing routes.
A Novel Fixturing Solution for Handling Complex-Shaped Components2017-01-208209/19/2017
Many components used in the aerospace industry are complex-shaped, without symmetric axes and parallel surfaces. Fabricating and repairing these components often require fixturing system to support manufacturing processes such as drilling, surface finishing, inspections and assembly. Currently available fixturing systems can be divided into dedicated and flexible fixtures. Among these, the flexible fixtures are suitable for rapidly changing fabricating processes and handling several complex-shaped components using same fixturing system. Background research suggested that the pin type fixturing system is the predominant design used in such applications to fix complex-shaped components. In pin type fixturing systems, force is applied to a single point of contact. This increases the pressure applied to the work piece and possibility of damaging these components. Further, conventional pins use rigid designs, which cannot adapt to the shape of the work piece. This reduces the applicable
Jayaweera, Nirosh, Kulasekera, Asitha, Maduranga, Posindu, Kasun, Thilina, Seekkuarachchi, Prabodh, Sampath, Janaka
Tamper-Indicating BoltTBMG-2755209/01/2017
In storage and/or transport of certain items, the ability to detect tampering with a container or compartment for such items can be necessary and valuable. In the transport of hazardous substances or nuclear materials (including fuels and/or radioactive waste), there are particularly stringent requirements to ensure integrity as well as safe transport and storage of materials. A retailer shipping inventory may need to know whether tampering with the container has occurred during transport to determine if shipment is original and complete.
Inflatable Airlock TechnologiesTBMG-2751709/01/2017
An airlock used in space can provide the ability to leave a pressurized volume and enter free space. This is necessary to perform maintenance or make repairs to the pressurized volume or visiting spacecraft, construct or repair structures or devices, tend in-space experiments, etc. The airlock is used to provide the transition between internal pressurized volume, i.e. a shirtsleeve environment, and space. Current state-of-the-art units on the Space Station are rigid systems consisting of massive pressure vessels, hatches, and seals. Past efforts have investigated fabric-based ways of forming the airlock pressure volume, but all have used a more traditional metallic or composite door or hatch, which are heavy and difficult to package into a small volume. The need exists for an airlock, pressure vessel, and opening that are lightweight and can be packaged efficiently.
Wireless Damage Location Sensing SystemTBMG-2730108/01/2017
NASA Langley Research Center researchers have developed a wireless, open-circuit SansEC (Sans Electrical Connections) sensor that can be used for pharmaceutical applications without the need for physical contact. Many attributes of a container can be monitored, such as liquid or powder levels, temperature of contents, and changes caused by spoilage. Tampering can also be detected. The unique design of this thin-film sensor allows many of these properties to be measured with the sensor external to the container/package. Fill levels can be measured without the need to open the container. At the core of the technology is the NASA award-winning SansEC sensor, which is damage-resilient and environmentally friendly to manufacture and use. The sensors use a magnetic field response measurement acquisition device to provide power to the sensors and to acquire physical property measurements from them.
Packaging and Transportation of Oxygen EquipmentAIR5742A (Current)05/24/2017
The scope of this document is related to the particular needs of oxygen equipment with regards to packaging and transportation. The document provides guidance for handling chemical, gaseous and liquid oxygen equipment. It summarizes national and international regulations to be taken into account for transportation on land, sea and air and provides information on classification of hazardous material. The aim of this document is to summarize information on packaging and transportation of oxygen equipment. Statements and references to regulations cited herein are for information only and should not be considered as interpretation of a law. Processes to maintain cleanliness of components and subassemblies during processing and assembly or storage of work-in-progress are outside the scope of this document. Guidance on this can be obtained from ARP1176. Rules for transportation and shipment do not cover oxygen equipment installed in an interior monument, e.g., galley unit or in a fuselage
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
High Frequency Sloshing - Energy Dissipation and Viscous Damping through CFD2017-01-131703/28/2017
Liquid sloshing is an important issue in ground transportation, aerospace and automotive applications. Effects of sloshing in a moving liquid container can cause various issues related to vehicle stability, safety, component fatigue, audible noise and, liquid level measurement. The sloshing phenomenon is a highly nonlinear oscillatory movement of the free-surface of liquid inside a container under the effect of continuous or momentarily excitation forces. These excitation forces can result from sudden acceleration, braking, sharp turning or pitching motions. The sloshing waves generated by the excitation forces can impact on the tank surface and cause additional vibrations. For the loads with the frequencies between 2 to 200 Hz, the structural fatigue failure is a major concern for automotive applications. Also, for the dimensions associated with automotive, the fundamental frequency of the sloshing waves is usually a fraction of a Hertz, so frequencies above 2 Hz constitutes “high
Blas Martinez, Luis Felipe, Palma, Rodolfo, Gomez, Francisco, Vaishnav, Dhaval, Canales, Francisco
Development and Optimization of PCM Based Technology for Cooling Applications for Improvement of Fuel Efficiency in Commercial Vehicle2017-01-015003/28/2017
In the current landscape of commercial vehicle industry, fuel economy is one of the major parameter for fleet owner’s profitability as well as greenhouse gasses emission. Less fuel efficiency results in more fuel consumption; use of conventional fuel in engines also makes environment polluted. The rapid growth in fuel prices has led to the demand for technologies that can improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Phase change material (PCMs) for Thermal energy storage system (TES) is one of the specific technologies that not only can conserve energy to a large extent but also can reduce emission as well as the dependency on convention fuel. There is a great variety of PCMs that can be used for the extensive range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications in automobiles. The objective of this paper is to study the behavior & performance of a PCM-based cooling system for automotive refrigerated containers over a period from dispatch to delivery and at
Shukla, Ankit Kumar, Dhami, Raj, Bhargava, Aashish, Tiwari, Sanjay
Fuel Tank for Liquefied Natural GasTBMG-2616001/01/2017
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new composite vessel technology that is suitable for use as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel storage tank for alternative fuel vehicles. This technology uses an improved composite over-wrapped technology to produce a pressure vessel that is simple to use, robust, and capable of withstanding high pressures. It is also lightweight and low cost. This technology shows great potential to help the United States and other countries move toward a cleaner environment while allowing for efficient use of a more natural fuel in many different applications.
Gas Sensors with Contact PadsTBMG-2615601/01/2017
Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed advanced hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensors capable of detecting leaks, monitoring emissions, and providing in situ measurements of gas composition and pressure. These compact, rugged sensors can be used to optimize combustion and lower emissions, and they are designed to withstand harsh, high-temperature environments (e.g., silicon carbide (SiC) sensors can operate at 600 °C). NASA Glenn is actively seeking industrial partners to develop and apply these cutting-edge sensors cooperatively in new applications.
Fibers, Carbon, Tow and Yarn For Structural CompositesAMS3892C (Current)12/15/2016
This specification and its supplementary detail specifications cover carbon fibers in the form of continuous multifilament tow and yarn.
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
Magnetic Relief ValveTBMG-2602012/01/2016
Composite Pressure Vessel Including Crack Arresting BarrierTBMG-2601712/01/2016
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center innovators have developed several new designs and methods of fabrication for composite and composite-overwrapped tank vessels that help significantly improve their structural integrity against impact, abrasion, harsh environments, and fire. Several embodiments of this technology portfolio also enable production of composite tanks capable of transporting liquefied natural gas or other cryogenic liquids. These innovations are applicable to important aerospace needs, including propulsion systems, as well as new and growing fields such as natural gas transportation.
Magnetic and Raman-Based Method for Process Control During Fabrication of Carbon-Nanotube-Based StructuresTBMG-2551610/01/2016
NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed an innovative magnetic and Raman-based method for macroscopic process control during fabrication of carbon-nanotube-based structures. The development of super-strong, lightweight materials based on carbon nanotubes promises new materials with the strength of current carbon composite materials, but at substantially less weight. The development of these new materials is dependent upon nanotube quality, alignment, and load transfer between individual nanotubes in the structure. However, current fabrication process controls are limited to time-consuming microscopy testing at intermittent stages during processing. NASA’s innovative method can be applied during nanotube structure fabrication to obtain real-time feedback on critical processing parameters during fabrication. Moreover, the method is compatible with in-line fabrication processes.
Modules for Inspection, Qualification, and Verification of Pressure VesselsTBMG-2549710/01/2016
After decades of composite over-wrapped pressure vessel (COPV) development, manufacturing variance is still high, and has necessitated higher safety factors and additional mass to be flown on spacecraft, reducing overall performance. When liners are used in COPVs, they need to be carefully screened before wrapping. These flaws can go undetected and later grow through the thickness of the liner, causing the liner to fail, resulting in a massive leakage of the liner and subsequent mission loss.
Lightweight Composite Air Cargo Containers2016-01-211909/27/2016
Air cargo containers are used to load freight on various types of aircrafts to expedite their handling. Fuel cost is the largest contributor to the total cost of ownership of an air cargo container. Therefore, a better fuel economy could be achieved by reducing the weight of such containers. This paper aims at developing innovative, lightweight design concepts for air cargo containers that would allow for weight reduction in the air cargo transportation industry. For this purpose, innovative design and assembly concepts of lightweight design configurations of air cargo containers have been developed through the applications of lightweight composites. A scaled model prototype of a typical air cargo container was built to assess the technical feasibility and economic viability of creating such a container from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials. The paper is the authoritative source for the abstract.
William, Gergis W., Shoukry, Samir N., Prucz, Jacky C., William, Mariana M.
Modules for Inspection, Qualification, and Verification of Pressure VesselsTBMG-2520408/01/2016
After decades of composite over-wrapped pressure vessel (COPV) development, manufacturing variance is still high, and has necessitated higher safety factors and additional mass to be flown on spacecraft, reducing overall performance. When liners are used in COPVs, they need to be carefully screened before wrapping. These flaws can go undetected and later grow through the thickness of the liner, causing the liner to fail, resulting in a massive leakage of the liner and subsequent mission loss.
Light, Desk, AircraftAS7768A (Historical)05/06/2016
This specification covers the requirements for a light assembly for use on aircraft cabin desks.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Tool to Analyze a Leaking Source of Saturated AmmoniaTBMG-2427004/01/2016
Containers of ammonia are used to supply cooling to different modules of the International Space Station. Each container has an attachment piece used to extract the ammonia. The attachment piece may allow ammonia to exit when not connected, and may also allow ammonia to exit to an outside area even when connected. The ammonia that has exited the container may accumulate in different compartments of the spacecraft. The ammonia is not desirable when accumulated in a compartment with a certain concentration.
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