Browse Topic: Logistics

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Impacts of Pulsating Flow on Topologically Optimized Porous Reactors in Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Systems2024-32-007004/18/2025
Topology optimization (TO) in electrochemical systems has recently attracted many researchers. Previous studies suggested minimal performance differences between 2D and 3D designs, indicating that 2D models suffice to enhance performance, especially in unidirectional flow scenarios. A later study found that the concentration distribution in an optimized 2D flow system differed from that in a unidirectional flow system. We posited that pulsating flow could further enhance the performance of such systems. First, we initiated TO for a diffusion-reaction system in a steady state. The optimized structure obtained from this process served as the foundation for subsequent investigations involving a pulsating flow source in convection-diffusion-reaction systems. We introduced two different systems with distinct flow natures: one characterized by a flow nature of 1D and the other by a flow nature of 2D. The results demonstrated that the optimized structure with a heterogeneous distribution
Long, Mengly, Alizadeh, Mehrzad, Sun, Pengfei, Charoen-amornkitt, Patcharawat, Suzuki, Takahiro, Tsushima, Shohji
Technical Paper
Investigating the Effect of Traffic Network Information on the Evolution of Traffic Flow in Intelligent Transportation Systems under Herd Effect2025-01-721502/21/2025
Intelligent transportation has emerged as a critical paradigm in the transportation sector, underscoring the growing significance of digital information. The extent to which travelers comprehend transportation network information fundamentally influences the dynamics of traffic flow evolution. Traditional random user equilibrium models assume that travelers possess knowledge of segment flow information; however, they fail to account for route flow information. To date, research has yet to investigate how travelers’ decision-making behaviors are altered following the acquisition of route flow information. When endowed with such information, travelers frequently demonstrate behaviors influenced by the bandwagon effect, adjusting their routes to conform to the choices of the majority. This behavioral modification disrupts the existing equilibrium, resulting in a continued evolution of traffic flow until a new stable state is achieved. To examine the implications of transportation network
Zhou, Bojian, Yu, Yaofeng, Li, Shihao, Li, Kangjiao
Technical Paper
Intelligent Courier Delivery Scheduling Based on XGBoost Feature Selection and Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study Using Chongqing Cainiao Express Data2025-01-717602/21/2025
This study tackles the issue of order delays in logistics using XGBoost for feature analysis and reinforcement learning for intelligent courier scheduling. Pickup order data from May 1 to October 31, 2023, in Chongqing is analyzed using spatio-temporal statistical methods. Key findings include that order placement peaks at 9:00 a.m., delays peak at 10:00 a.m., and the delay rate is 8.6%. A significant imbalance exists between the regional daily average of dispatchable couriers and order volumes.XGBoost is employed to predict order delays, revealing that pickup location is the most influential factor (27%), followed by courier pickup location (22%). These factors and their relationships are identified as key drivers of delays.To address these issues, a reinforcement learning-based courier scheduling optimization model is developed. The model defines courier location, current time, and pending orders as state variables and adopts an epsilon-greedy strategy for action selection
Wang, Manjun, Yu, Xinlian
Technical Paper
Aviation Safety Expert Unites Industry to Safeguard Aviation Supply ChainTBMG-5212812/01/2024
In the summer of 2023, a receiving clerk in the procurement department of TAP Air Portugal, a Lisbon-based airline, made a curious discovery: A $65 engine part that should have appeared brandnew showed signs of significant wear. The clerk checked the documentation from the London-based parts supplier and noticed that the submitted documentation was also suspicious.
Magazine Article
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLE (AGV) WITH WIRELESS NAVIGATION2024-01-343611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka C, Radovnikovich, Micho, Fleck, Paul, Hallenbeck, Kevin, Grzebyk, Steve, Vanneste, Jerry, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Garner, Robert
Technical Paper
Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (Enhanced License)AS6969_DA (Current)07/29/2024
Enhanced License for Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) allowing for greater usage as outlined in the terms of the Enhanced License. Terms can be reviewed prior to purchase once item is added to the cart. Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) This data dictionary provides a mathematically coherent set of definitions for quantity types used in data models for unmanned systems. In this data dictionary, a quantity is defined as a property of a phenomenon, substance, or body whose value has magnitude.
AS-4UCS Unmanned Systems Control Segment Architecture
Supplement
What Do Consumers Really Think About EVs?1345806/05/2024
Consumers are complex -- and so is the EV market. From high expectations to sobering market realities, the EV landscape is hard to gauge without expert insight on consumer behavior. That's why we sat down with Jessica Caldwell, AVP and Head of Insights, Edmunds, to discuss consumer sentiment and the overall trends affecting EV adoption. By leveraging millions of vehicle transactions and web behavioral data, Edmunds helps make sense of the EV landscape for consumers, sellers, and the industry at large. Listen in as Jessica breaks down consumer perceptions and behavior, as well as the effect of interest rates, affordability, and inventory. It's an interesting conversation on what consumers really want -- and what it will take to turn the tide on EV adoption.
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Enhancing Cargo Transportation using Intelligent systems for better Logistics Management2024-26-018301/16/2024
Efficient cargo transportation plays a crucial role in logistics management and supply chain operations. Accurately detecting and utilizing cargo space within vehicles is vital for maximizing transport capacity, minimizing costs, and optimizing resource allocation and time management. This research paper focuses on enhancing cargo utilization using intelligent systems to improve logistics management. The major research is on developing a system that combines computer vision algorithms and intelligent systems to detect and implement a combination of features for efficient use of cargo space within vehicles and monitor cargo to reduce losses. The proposed approach will use and utilize image processing methods to get relevant features and identify cargo areas. Machine learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and object detection frameworks, will be trained and evaluated on a comprehensive dataset of cargo images to identify the most effective approach for cargo space
JAGTAP, Pramod Prakash, Kale, Shreeja, Mahali, Rakesh
Technical Paper
Scientific Approach for Pickup Cargo Weight Reduction2024-26-019201/16/2024
Due to increasing competitiveness, the arrival of industry giants, product pricing, etc., the automobile market in India is becoming more dynamic to adopt the changes. Apart from this, the product needs to be competitive to capture market by lowering the benefit margin. After launch and gaining of mass volume of the market, the Value Analysis and Value Engineering (VAVE) helps in minimizing the design and development costs through removal of non-value adding processes and activities by understanding the product's value, functions, features, customer demand, quality, and Real-World Usage Pattern (RWUP) without affecting the performance and eventually help in increasing the profit margin of organization. In this study, the benchmarked based statistical Light Weight Index (LWI) technique is developed for the predicting the world in class optimum weight. For these four statistical Light weight Index numbers is derived based on the geometrical dimensions. This strategy is used for the
Patel, Mayank, Balasubramani, Sritharkumar, Pandurangan, Raman, Cornelio, Ronald, Senrayaperumal, Sakthivel, ved, Kapil, Mohan, Aravind
Technical Paper
A novel approach for Combi Braking System design considering tire's nonlinear behavior2024-26-005801/16/2024
The standard usage of Combined Braking System (CBS) in lower cc/power 2-wheeler vehicles serves to reduce stopping distance and improve braking stability. The CBS system achieves this by engaging both the front and rear wheel brakes, taking advantage of the high load transfer characteristic during 2-wheeler braking. However, the current design of the CBS system relies on linear system analysis, based on vehicle geometry, load distribution, and tire-road friction. This approach overlooks the non-linearities inherent in braking dynamics, such as tire behavior and dynamic Center of Gravity (CoG) location. Consequently, the current CBS design methodology exhibits limitations, particularly in extreme scenarios where wheel lock-up may occur, such as on low friction surfaces or during panic braking. This paper proposes the incorporation of tire non-linearities into the design of CBS systems using Pacejka's tire model. Initially, calculations are performed to optimize the braking
Khandekar, Piyush, Badiger, Kartik, Gautam, Ashish, Soni, Lokesh
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Avant-Garde EV Company to Build in the US1340106/22/2023
While you may not have heard of Polestar, its exceptional performance, unique buying experience, and commitment to sustainability enables this novel brand to "intercept" its customers. Headquartered in Sweden and built with Scandinavian minimalism in mind, Polestar offers a friction-free, primarily digital EV buying experience which includes boutique showrooms in areas with high foot traffic--a contrast to the traditional car lot. The company recently unveiled its first electric performance SUV, the Polestar 3, which is produced in United States. With a focus on supply chain traceability and sustainability labelling, Polestar assesses their vehicles' lifetime carbon footprint, covering emissions from materials production, manufacturing, and logistics, use phase, and end of life. As part of their commitment to an electrified future, Polestar also recently partnered with the SAE Foundation to spark STEM curiosity amongst students. To learn more about this burgeoning brand, we sat down
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Experimental Investigation into Modulated Aeroacoustic Cabin Noise arising from Unsteady Flow Conditions2025-01-002905/05/2023
The unsteady wind conditions experienced by a vehicle whilst driving on the road are different to those typically experienced in the steady-flow wind tunnel development environment, due to turbulence in the natural wind, moving through the unsteady wakes of other road vehicles and travelling through the stationary wakes generated by roadside obstacles. This paper presents the use of experimental approach using an SUV-shaped vehicle to assess the effect of unsteady wind on the modulated noise performance, commonly used to evaluate unsteady wind noise characteristics. The approach is extended to assess the pressure distribution on the front side glass of the vehicle, caused by the aerodynamic interactions of the turbulent inflow, to provide insight into the noise generation mechanisms and differences in behaviour between the two environments. The vehicle response to unsteady wind conditions was assessed using two approaches: a dynamic upstream unsteady flow the using active side wind
Jamaluddin, Nur Syafiqah, Oettle, Nicholas, Staron, Domenic
Technical Paper
Evaluating Powertrain Mount Decoupling: Insights from Simulation, Experimental Results, and Analytical Calculations2025-01-002205/05/2023
This study presents a thorough examination of engine mount decoupling by integrating virtual simulations, physical testing, and analytical calculations. Engine mounts are crucial for isolating vibrations and enhancing vehicle comfort and performance, making their dynamic behavior vital for effective design. In our approach, we employ multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulations to model the interactions within engine mounts. By adjusting the bush stiffness parameters in the MBD framework, we can predict decoupling frequencies and analyze kinetic energy distribution. The bush stiffness values used in simulations are then applied in physical testing, ensuring consistency in the results for decoupling frequencies and kinetic energy distribution. This alignment between virtual and empirical data significantly enhances the reliability of our findings. Moreover, we conduct analytical calculations that correspond with the results from both the simulations and physical tests. This comprehensive
Shende, Kalyani, Shingavi, Shreyas, Rane, Vishesh, Hingade, Nikhil
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Michigan: The New Epicenter of Aerospace1338002/09/2023
As the birthplace of the automotive industry and the home of several aviation firsts, Michigan offers unique advantages to the rapidly expanding space economy. To make the most of this opportunity, the Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association (MAMA) has convened three public-private partnerships: the Michigan Launch Initiative, Space-Enabled Communications for Advanced Mobility, and the Mid-America Hypersonic Suborbital Test Range. These programs provide a collaborative platform for public-private partners to support satellite launch capabilities, test commercial and national security applications, and expand 5G connectivity, among other opportunities. We sat down with Gavin P. Brown, Executive Director, MAMA, to discuss these exciting initiatives and learn how the organization is positioning Michigan as a leader in all phases of aerospace manufacturing -- from tool and die all the way through final assembly --by leaning on the state's rich automotive and aviation history.
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Faster Cool-Down of a Reefer Unit by Optimizing the System Losses through Experimental Investigation2022-28-044211/09/2022
Refrigerated shipping containers are one of the four segments of the cold chain; cooling and storage; refrigerated transport; distribution centre and refrigerated display in super markets. The term reefer has become an established term to refer refrigerated shipping containers. It is one of the emerging areas in transport segments. With the onset of ongoing pandemic this area has further drawn global attention recently and due focus is being given to the development and improvement of reefer unit Hence with the growing demand in this field the energy consumption is also leapfrogging day by day. Primary energy sources (fossil fuel) are depleting and their environmental impact is raising anxiety around the world. In order to minimize unnecessary energy waste in refrigerated shipping container system, it needs to be designed to be energy efficient and provide high cooling capacity to ensure rapid pull down to carriage temperature and to maintain product quality at idle. Improper operation
Sen, Somnath
Technical Paper
Inside the OEM: StrykerTBMG-4693811/01/2022
Magazine Article
PASSENGER TO FREIGHTER CONVERSION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM2022-26-125705/26/2022
As per the records from Air cargo traffic, the global volume of air freight increased rapidly in recent years with freight volumes reaching 55.9 million metric tons. The strong demand for converted freighters has been driven by a robust cargo market, one of the key factors that strongly influenced this factor was the growth of e-commerce which has been boosted by more online deliveries This paper discusses some of the key aspects that needs to be considered for passenger to Freighter conversion and its impact to the Environmental Control System of the Aircraft. One of the first design change will be to identify all the passenger amenities and remove them, depending on the Freighter configurations the air distribution needs to be modified or re-routed. Temperature needs for the Main Deck Cargo Compartment (MDCC) is much lower than the passenger variant, the temperature selection ranges for all temperature zones shall cover the natural environment with high comfort for occupants. MDCC
PATIL, ANAND
Technical Paper
Artificial Intelligence Support for Smart Logistics Systems in Industrial Environments2022-01-041503/29/2022
This paper investigates new roles of stakeholders regarding migration of circular value creation based on a collaborative model of logistic systems in an industrial environment. The design of supply networks and the underlying information systems as well as advances in technology drive the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. The paper thus aims to harmonize and optimize the combination of classical methods with those of AI in hybrid planning and development systems. The connection of the design of the roles with the logistic processes in terms of a unified modeling is established. The design of the roles enables the generation of smart solutions in logistics. Aspects of data acquisition, data preparation, data storage, data analysis and data quality are considered to make qualified statements on the maturity level of AI support for logistics systems. The influence of collaboration on the interaction of AI and smart logistics systems in industry is explained. In
Schumann, Christian-Andreas
Technical Paper
Multi-Dimensional CFD Studies of Oil Drawdown in an I4 Engine2022-01-047303/29/2022
A computational study based on unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes that resolves the gas-liquid interface was performed to examine the unsteady multiphase flow in a 4 cylinder Inline (I-4) engine. In this study, the rotating motion of the crankshaft and reciprocating motion of the pistons were accounted for to accurately predict the oil distribution in various parts of the engine. Three rotational speeds of the crankshaft have been examined: 1000, 2800, and 4000 RPM. Of particular interest is to examine the mechanisms governing the process of oil drawdown from the engine head into the case. The oil distributions in other parts of the engine have also been investigated to understand the overall crankcase breathing process. Results obtained show the drawdown of oil from the head into the case to be strongly dependent on the venting strategy for the foul air going out of the engine through the PCV system. Results also show the dynamic holdup of oil in the steady operation to be
Pandey, Ashutosh, Schlautman, Jeff, Nichani, Varun
Technical Paper
A constant equivalence ratio multi-zone approach for a detailed and fast prediction of performances and emissions in CI engines2022-01-045503/29/2022
The paper illustrates and validates a novel predictive combustion model for the estimation of in-cylinder performances and pollutant production in CI engines. The numerical methodology was developed by the authors for near real-time and / or control-oriented applications, while aiming at an accurate description of the air mixing process by means of a multi-zone approach of the air-fuel mass. Charge stratification is estimated via a 2D representation of the fuel spray distribution that is numerically derived by an axial one-dimensional control-volume description of the direct injection. The radial coordinate of each control volume is reconstructed a posteriori by means of a local distribution function. Fuel mass clustered in each zone is further split in ‘liquid’, ‘unburnt’ and ‘burnt’ sub-zones, given the local properties of the fuel spray control volumes with respect to space-time location of modelled ignition delay, liquid length, and flame lift-off. Multiple injections are described
Tamborski, Matteo, D'Errico, Gianluca, Lucchini, Tommaso, Cerri, Tarcisio, Onorati, Angelo
Technical Paper
Further Analysis of the Blockage Phenomenon During the Testing of Bluff Automotive Bodies in Closed Wall Wind Tunnels2022-01-108503/29/2022
The difficulties of testing a bluff automotive body of sufficient scale to match the on-road vehicle Reynolds number in a closed wall wind tunnel has led to many approaches being taken to adjust the resulting data for the inherent interference effects. But it has been impractical if not impossible to experimentally analyze the effects that are actually occurring on and around the vehicle when these blockage interferences are taking place. The present study is an extension of earlier work by the author and similarly to that study uses the CFD analysis of several bodies of differing configurations to examine the interference phenomena in solid wall wind tunnels and the effects that they have on the pressures, forces and force increments experienced by the vehicle model. This is accomplished by executing a series of CFD configurations with varying sized of the cross section from 0.2% to 13% blockage enabling an approximation of free air conditions as a reference. The earlier work is
Gleason, Mark, Riegel , Eugen
Technical Paper
Quantifying the information value of sensors in highly non-linear dynamic automotive systems 2022-01-075503/29/2022
In modern powertrains systems, sensors are critical elements for advanced control. The identification of sensing requirements for such highly nonlinear systems is technically challenging. To support the sensor selection process, this paper proposes a methodology to quantify the information gained from sensors used to control nonlinear dynamic systems using a dynamic probabilistic framework. This builds on previous work to design a Bayesian observer to deal with nonlinear systems. This was applied to a bimodal model of the SCR aftertreatment system. Despite correctly observing the bimodal distribution of the internal Ammonia-NOx Ratio (ANR) state, it could not distinguish which state is the true state. This causes issues for a control engineer who is less interested in how precise a measurement is and more interested in the location within control parameter space. Information regarding the dynamics of the systems is required to resolve the bimodality. Therefore, a hierarchical dynamic
Comissiong, Rhys, Steffen, Thomas
Technical Paper
Fluid-Solid coupling modal analysis of tank and numerical simulation of liquid sloshing2022-01-092903/29/2022
During the transportation of the tanker, the liquid sloshing caused by the change of working conditions seriously affects the handling stability of the tanker. In addition, the reciprocating impact force of the sloshing liquid on the inner wall of the tank may even cause it to rupture. To better study the effect of sloshing liquid on the tank, the paper conducts a modal analysis of the tank system based on the principle of gas-liquid two-phase fluid-solid coupling, and analyzes the influence of the filling ratio on its natural frequency and mode shape; On this basis, in-depth study of the sloshing of the liquid under different filling ratios during emergency braking of the tanker. The fluid volume method is used to track the movement of the free surface of the liquid, and finally the volume fraction of the gas-liquid two-phase, the force of the tank, the distribution of the wall pressure are determined. The results show that the liquid transported by the tanker has a greater impact on
Sun, Liyou, Guo, Rong
Technical Paper
Research on the Dual-Motor Coupling Power System Strategy of Electric Sweeping Vehicle2022-01-081303/29/2022
Sweeping vehicles have made a great contribution to the cleaning of urban roads. Traditional electric sweeping vehicles use main and auxiliary motors to drive the walking system and operating system respectively. However, due to the long-term low-speed operation of the vehicle, there are problems of low motor utilization and high cost. To solve this problem, a dual-motor drive system based on planetary gear coupling is proposed. First, analyze the driving mode of the dual-motor coupling drive system according to the actual working conditions of the sweeper, and re-match the parameters of the motor based on this. Second, under the premise of meeting the dynamic requirements, analyze and divide the working range of each driving mode based on the principle of minimum energy consumption, and use particle swarm algorithm to optimize, obtain the best drive mode switching control and speed distribution strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the system and strategy is verified by simulation
Zhu, Chaoqi
Technical Paper
The Proper Orthogonal and Dynamic Mode Decomposition of wake behind a Fastback DrivAer Model2022-01-108603/29/2022
The aerodynamic design optimization of a ground vehicle highly depends on the wake region behind it. Vehicle's wake and its instability have a major contribution to the drag, lift, and side forces experienced by the vehicle. In this paper, we investigate numerically the dynamic characteristics of wake downstream of a realistic generic car model, DrivAer, at a Reynolds number Re=4.87E06. Two methods, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) are applied to symmetric and asymmetric 2D planes at y=0 and 0.5 H to decompose the unsteady wake to its major dynamic modes. We simulated the flow field using the turbulence model URANS/IDDES then applied POD and DMD on streamwise and spanwise velocity components and the pressure fields. Wake dynamic mode analysis enables us to capture different modes and their contributions to the kinetic energy distribution within the region of interest. For DrivAer geometry, at high Reynolds number, we observed quasi-steady wake
Ahani, Hamed, Uddin, Mesbah, Nielsen, Jonas
Technical Paper
A method for acquiring and editing load spectrum of drive shaft systems for a all-terrain vehicle2022-01-031303/29/2022
Durability road test of a vehicle is an important test to verify the reliability of vehicle components. In order to carry out the durability bench test for drive shaft systems of all-terrain vehicles, a method for acquiring time domain signals of articulation angles, input torques and rotation speeds of drive shaft systems is proposed. The acquired load spectrum of drive shaft systems is preprocessed including deleting small amplitudes, de-drifting, deburring, filtering, etc. Peaks and valleys are extracted from the preprocessed load spectrum. Based on the graphic method and the estimator stabilization method, the upper and lower thresholds of the time domain extrapolation of the load spectrum are determined, and then the peaks and valleys excesses that exceed the upper and lower thresholds are extracted. The generalized pareto distribution function is used to fit the distribution of peaks and valleys excesses. Based on the fitted distribution of the extracted peaks and valleys
Luo, Qiuqi, Li, Liping, Shangguan, Wen-Bin, Hou, Qiufeng, Li, Juan
Technical Paper
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, CAP, DUST, PLASTIC, CATEGORY 9AS85049/138C09/22/2021
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Technical Paper
Frictional Power Loss Distribution of Automotive Axles- Experimental Evaluation and Analysis2021-26-048309/22/2021
With more stringent emission and Co2 norms (e.g. CAFÉ, RDE), it has become extremely important for all OEMs to push their boundary and make vehicle & powertrain more and more efficient. Frictional power loss of automotive axles is major source of losses which reduce the vehicle fuel economy and increase Co2 emissions. To make axles with low frictional power loss consumption, it is first important to understand the distribution of the frictional power i.e. where the energy goes and how it is distributed in the subcomponents of axles. This paper presents the main area of frictional power loss distribution inside an automotive axle of passenger car. For experimental evaluation one frictional torque measurement test rig was prepared and axle power loss was measured by stripping down one by one component to understand the distribution of frictional losses. For this study two different size of axles were compared to understand the impact of bearing size and gear size on power loss
Ahuja, Vishal, Singh, Charanjit, Singh, Parampreet, Gummadi, Gopakishore
Technical Paper
Implementation of Lean Operation User ManualJ4001_202109 (Current)09/21/2021
SAE J4001 provides instruction for evaluating levels of compliance to SAE J4000. Component text (Sections 4 to 9) from SAE J4000 is included for convenience during the evaluation process. Applicable definitions and references are contained in SAE J4000. SAE J4000 tests lean implementation within a manufacturing organization and includes those areas of direct overlap with the organization’s suppliers and customers. If applied to each consecutive organizational link, an enterprise level evaluation can be made. SAE J4001 relates the following approximate topic percentages to the implementation process as a whole: SAE J4001 is to be applied on a specific component basis. Each of the 52 components tests part of, one, or multiples of the specific requirements of lean implementation. Implementation throughout an organization may be measured by evaluating all of the components. The level of compliance for each component relative to best practice may be used as a reference by an organization to
Automotive Quality and Process Improvement Committee
Recommended Practice
Implementation of Lean Operation User ManualJ4001_202109-TEST-REC (Historical)09/21/2021
SAE J4001 provides instruction for evaluating levels of compliance to SAE J4000. Component text (Sections 4 to 9) from SAE J4000 is included for convenience during the evaluation process. Applicable definitions and references are contained in SAE J4000. SAE J4000 tests lean implementation within a manufacturing organization and includes those areas of direct overlap with the organization’s suppliers and customers. If applied to each consecutive organizational link, an enterprise level evaluation can be made. SAE J4001 relates the following approximate topic percentages to the implementation process as a whole: SAE J4001 is to be applied on a specific component basis. Each of the 52 components tests part of, one, or multiples of the specific requirements of lean implementation. Implementation throughout an organization may be measured by evaluating all of the components. The level of compliance for each component relative to best practice may be used as a reference by an organization to
Automotive Quality and Process Improvement Committee
Recommended Practice
Method of improvement of air flow uniformity to reduce the evaporator frosting of a passenger car2021-28-014809/15/2021
For an efficient automotive HVAC system it is very essential to ensure uninterrupted and consistent airflow and temperature at the vent exit to help achieve the comfortable cabin space. This certainly requires temperature sensor to position at lowest possible temperature on heat exchanger and uniform flow distribution over it. However the uneven distribution of airflow on evaporator entry face leads to lowest temperature and sometimes goes undetected. This causes the condensate to get freezed and then frosting occurs at the core surface. Eventually a substantial portion of evaporator face gets choked and gradually airflow reduces and evaporator exit air temperature shoots up. Hence it is very important to prevent the frosting on evaporator core so to have uninterrupted airflow and adequate cooling in the passenger compartment. The present paper investigates the reasons for frosting occurring in one of the hatchback vehicle in bench test. The investigation consists of conducting anti
SEN, ANIT, SEN, SOMNATH, Parayil, Paulson, Goel, Arunkumar
Technical Paper
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007 (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007-TEST-REC (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Life Cycle Cost - Techniques and ApplicationsARP4293A (Current)09/10/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the concept of life cycle costing with emphasis on LCC techniques and applications as applied to the phases of the program cycle. These phases are: a Conceptual studies, research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) b Investment, or procurement c Operating and support (O&S) or in-service d Disposal of systems, equipment, and services Cost elements, estimating techniques and other factors which have a bearing on LCCs are described; including use of cost estimating relationships (CER), simulation techniques, and "top-down"/"bottom-up" approaches. Consideration is also given to: a Risk and uncertainty assessments b Impact of economic variations including inflation, interest rates, and exchange rate variation c Adoption of discounting techniques when undertaking investment appraisals The use of tailored LCC models is preferred since there is an advantage in adopting a range of approaches particularly for the prediction of the
LCLS Life Cycle Logistics Supportability
Recommended Practice
Colors Used in Government ProcurementAMSSTD595A_A2 (Current)09/01/2021
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Material Specification
T-BOLT, A-286, 1000 °FAS4108/1A (Current)09/01/2021
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
FERRULE, FLEXIBLE CONDUIT, RADIO FREQUENCY SHIELDINGAS25065B (Current)08/14/2021
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
Technical Standard
INSERT - CRES HELICAL COIL FINE THREAD, LOCKING (LOW FRICTION SYSTEMS) 1.5 DIA NOM LENGTHAS3094A (Current)08/13/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
Reliability Program StandardJA1000_202108 (Current)08/10/2021
This SAE standard establishes the requirement for suppliers to plan a reliability program that satisfies the following three requirements: a The supplier shall ascertain customer requirements b The supplier shall meet customer requirements c The supplier shall assure that customer requirements have been met
G-41 Reliability
Recommended Practice
Reimagining Automated Test During a Pandemic21AERP08_0408/01/2021
As we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, aerospace and defense companies must continue to move forward and find workarounds to design, develop and test their products or systems. Engineers hit the challenge of how to build and test integrated hardware and software systems under pandemic-induced travel limitations. This challenge has also helped many test system suppliers question and reevaluate their own procedures and processes and look for smart improvements they can make to help drive key deliverables, such as quality, satisfaction, security and their own green credentials, creating a new, diverse and more inclusive normality when supplying solutions to their customers. How to make these changes remotely has meant ReEmagineering each area of test system design, build, validation and test.
Magazine Article
Titanium Ti-5553 (Ti - 5Al - 5Mo - 5V - 3Cr) Powder for Additive ManufacturingAMS7026-TEST-REC (Historical)07/28/2021
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Material Specification
Titanium Ti-5553 (Ti - 5Al - 5Mo - 5V - 3Cr) Powder for Additive ManufacturingAMS7026 (Current)07/28/2021
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Material Specification
Aluminum Bronze Bars, Rods, and Forgings 87Cu - 9Al - 3Fe Stress RelievedAMS4635H (Current)07/07/2021
This specification covers one type of aluminum bronze in the form of bars, rods, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWER, AIRCRAFT, 115/200 VOLT, 400 HERTZAS90362A (Current)06/22/2021
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Technical Standard
Analysis of Dimensions of Surface Textures on Lubrication and Friction of an Engine03-15-01-000106/10/2021
To improve the lubrication and friction of the crankpin bearing (CB) in the engine, the design of surface textures on the bearing surface is proposed and researched based on the CB hydrodynamic dynamic model. To enhance the reliability of the research results and its closeness to reality, the optimal CB parameters, the experimental data of the external dynamic load W 0 acting on the crankpin, and the CB surface roughness in the well-known existing researches are referred to as input data for the simulation process. The effect of the distribution density {n, m}, diameter D, and depth of the microcircular textures h d on improving the lubrication and friction are then analyzed based on the indexes of the increase in the oil film pressure, decrease in the solid asperity contacts in the mixed lubrication region (MLR), friction force, and coefficient of friction (COF) between the crankpin and bearing surfaces, respectively. The results indicate that the application of surface textures on
Hua, Wenlin, Nguyen, Vanliem, Le, Vanquynh
Journal Article
NUT, PLAIN HEX - UNS S66286, SILVER PLATE, MJ THREAD, METRICMA3422B (Current)05/28/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
NUT, CASTELLATED, HEX - UNS S66286, SILVER PLATE, MJ THREAD, METRICMA3426B (Current)05/28/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
NUT, CASTELLATED, HEX - THIN, UNS S66286, SILVER PLATE, MJ THREAD, METRICMA3428C (Current)05/21/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
FITTING, ELBOW 90°, BULKHEAD, EXTERNAL SWAGE TO FLARELESS, HYDRAULICAS6484 (Current)05/11/2021
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Metal Powder Feedstock Size ClassificationsAMS7025-TEST-REC (Historical)04/22/2021
This specification covers particle size classifications and corresponding particle size distribution requirements for metal powder feedstock conforming to a classification.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Material Specification
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