The instantaneous fuel consumption measurements obtained from the chassis dynamometer tests using the drive cycles for light duty vehicles in Metro Manila was used in the development of speed-acceleration-fuel consumption models. The Shepard’s interpolation method was used in the development of the models. A program C# language was used to execute the interpolation method.The resulting models are represented by speed-acceleration-fuel consumption surface graphs. The surface graph of each test vehicle represents its estimated fuel consumption variation according to its combined instantaneous speed and acceleration. Actual instantaneous speeds from speed data of surveyed vehicles, defining different traffic conditions by average speed, are used to interpolate instantaneous fuel consumption. Fuel economy, in terms of distance travelled (km) per volume of fuel consumed (liter), is computed from the totaled fuel consumption and total distance traversed. An increasing trend in fuel economy is observed when traffic conditions improve.

Abaya, Ernesto B., Vergel, Karl B., Quiros, Edwin N., Sigua, Ricardo G., Biona, Jose Bienvenido

Route Selection Strategy for Hybrid Vehicles Based on Energy Management and Real Time Drive Cycles

2018-01-09954/3/2018

Air pollution levels in an urban environment is a major concern for developed and developing countries alike. Governments around the world are constantly trying to control and reduce air pollution levels through regulations. Low emission zones are being designated in cities worldwide in order to reduce the level of pollutants in big cities. The automotive industry is affected by those regulations and they are becoming more demanding over the years. Present work is aimed at developing a control strategy for a hybrid vehicle in order to optimize the fuel economy and emission levels based on GPS information, driver specific driving characteristics and weather forecast data for a given route. It uses powertrain model of a hybrid vehicle for developing route and driver specific control strategy. The full vehicle model has two sub-models: a route selector and a powertrain optimization model. The route selector selects the optimum route for the vehicle based on energy consumption considering possible routes for reaching the destination. Then the performance is optimized for the selected route using a cost function, which considers route segments which include low emission zone and available data for the headwind during the journey. The results identified the option for choosing strategy for improving both fuel economy and emission levels for a given route.

Garcia Pimentel, Hector, Samuel, Stephen

5 Ws of the iQ Portable Scanner

TBMG-287354/1/2018

Doctors, nurses, hospitals, paramedics, and other healthcare professionals; and consumers.

Nonprofit Pushes Design Limits to Develop Life-Saving Technology for Underprivileged Communities

TBMG-285173/1/2018

Nearly four million infants in developing countries die each year within a month of birth due to complications of prematurity, low birth weight, and infection. Design that Matters (DtM), a nonprofit organization, is committed to helping prevent these deaths by providing the medical devices needed to give at-risk newborns a warm and clean environment to help them grow strong.

Portable Device for Rapid Detection of the Zika Virus

TBMG-28190

1/1/2018

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) listed more than 5,000 cases of the Zika virus in the U.S. from January 2015 to February 2017. The vast majority of those cases were travelers returning from affected areas. Florida has the highest number of cases of the Zika virus at 1,069 reported cases, with 214 cases acquired through presumed local mosquito-borne transmission.

Impact of Low and High Congestion Traffic Patterns on a Mild-HEV Performance

2017-01-245810/8/2017

Driven by stricter mandatory regulations on fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction, market penetration of electrified vehicles will increase in the next ten years. Within this growth, mild hybrid vehicles will become a leading sector. The high cost of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has somewhat limited their widespread adoption, especially in developing countries. Conversely, it is these countries that would benefit most from the environmental benefits of HEV technology. Compared to a full hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or electric vehicle, a mild hybrid system stands out due to its maximum benefit/cost ratio. As part of our ongoing project to develop a mild hybrid system for developing markets, we have previously investigated improvements in drive performance and efficiency using optimal gearshift strategies, as well as the incorporation of high power density supercapacitors. In this paper, the fuel and emissions of a baseline conventional vehicle and mild hybrid electric vehicle (MHEV) are compared. The objective of this analysis is to compare the fuel economy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the baseline and MHEV models, using low and high-density traffic patterns chosen for their similarity to traffic density profiles of our target markets. Results demonstrate the benefits of a lower ongoing cost for the HEV architecture. These advantages include torque-hole filling between gear changes, increased fuel efficiency and performance.

Awadallah, Mohamed, Tawadros, Peter, Walker, Paul, Zhang, Nong

Self Tuning Genetic Algorithm to Achieve Maximum Thermal Efficiency by Monitoring Combustion Characteristics with Vibration/Acoustic Sensors

2017-01-228310/8/2017

Electronic Fuel Injection Systems have revolutionised Fuel Delivery and Ignition timing in the past two decades and have reduced the Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions, ultimately enhancing the Economy and Ecological awareness of the engines. But the ignition/injection timing that commands the combustion is mapped to a fixed predefined table which is best suited during the stock test conditions. However continuous real time adjustments by monitoring the combustion characteristics prove to be highly efficient and be immune to varying fuel quality, lack of transient performance and wear related compression losses. For developing countries, Automotive Manufacturers have been Tuning the Ignition/Injection timing Map assuming the worst possible fuel quality. Conventional knock control system focus on engine protection only and doesn't contribute much in improving thermal efficiency. Predefined Ignition tables fail to produce good thermal efficiency during hard acceleration due to their inability to advance for the acceleration. IC Engines wear over time leading to compression losses and a reduced cranking pressure. This reduction in the effective compression ratio raises the need for adjusting the Ignition/Injection Timing. A closed loop ignition/injection timing by monitoring combustion characteristics can compensate for such issues and maintain a consistent thermal efficiency in all operating conditions. The algorithm implements genetic mutation approach to create a correction factor for ignition timing by analysing signals from a knock sensor or an acoustic sensor. It also takes into account, the Acceleration Gradient, MAP, RPM and Air-Fuel Ratio in computing the correction factor. The computation is also optimised to execute with in an engine cycle even at high RPM.

Kalaivanan, Anand Prabu, Sakthivel, Gnanasekaran

Robotic System for 3D-Printing the Basic Structure of an Entire Building

TBMG-272908/1/2017

Materials that can be produced by 3D printing include not just plastics, but metal, glass, and even food. A new system called a Digital Construction Platform (DCP) was developed that can 3D-print the basic structure of an entire building. Structures built with the system could be produced faster and less expensively than traditional construction methods allow. A building could also be completely customized to the needs of a particular site and the desires of its maker. Even the internal structure could be modified in new ways; different materials could be incorporated as the process proceeds, and material density could be varied to provide optimum combinations of strength, insulation, or other properties. Ultimately, this approach could enable the design and construction of new kinds of buildings that would not be feasible with traditional building methods.

Digital-to-Analog Transformation and Reconstruction of ECG Data

TBMG-272137/1/2017

The innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a new method and device for specialized digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) and reconstruction of multichannel electrocardiograms (ECGs), including 12-lead ECGs. Current devices do not have the functionality that allows for the transmission of stored digital ECG data collected from one manufacturer’s ECG machine to another for an automated second opinion. With this technology, the physician has the opportunity to compare results by transferring the ECG data to another ECG machine — regardless of location — when a patient’s results are difficult to interpret for a second opinion. The technology also allows for the use of less expensive 12-lead ECG front ends or analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) hardware that is advantageous when in remote locations or with patients who are mobile during research studies. The digital-to-analog transformation and reconstruction of ECG data technology is available for licensing.

Disposable, Point-of-Care Sensor Provides Rapid Diagnosis

TBMG-272417/1/2017

A new project aims to develop a disposable, point-of-care biosensor for rapid diagnosis and health monitoring, supported by a four-year, $1.8 million Smart and Connected Health award from the National Science Foundation.

Detailed Investigation on the Effects of Medium and High Voltage Power Cables in Direct Contact with Vehicles and Passengers

2017-36-00456/22/2017

We have seen recently in Brazil a significant number of medium and high voltage power cables falling on vehicles causing catastrophic accidents leading to serious injuries and deceases. It is advised that the car works as a shield so passengers inside the vehicle should not open doors and windows, but to the knowledge of the authors no work has presented a quantified study showing details like electromagnetic field intensity and 3D plots to really illustrate this situation. This work uses numerical simulation to replicate a scenario of a high power cable in direct contact with a vehicle and numerous positions of human body models inside and outside of the vehicle. Electromagnetic field is calculated showing the shielding effectiveness of the vehicle chassis. Also, current density are calculated to show the path of the current including the human body models. Safety guidelines are presented based on electromagnetic field strength and several scenarios are simulated and quantified.

Mologni, Juliano, Ribas, Jefferson, Siqueira, Cesareo

Wearable Sweat Sensor Can Diagnose Cystic Fibrosis

TBMG-270056/1/2017

A wristband-type wearable sweat sensor could transform diagnostics and drug evaluation for cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and other diseases.

New Technology Detects, Monitors Zika Faster

TBMG-266013/30/2017

Researchers from Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN) are developing an integrated biosensing platform aimed at detecting and monitoring mosquito-borne diseases faster and cheaper than current methods, to aid in preventing virus outbreaks and their devastating effects.

PACCAR's Sproull primed for SAE Commercial Vehicle post

17TOFHP02_052/1/2017

As SAE International's new 2017-2020 Commercial Vehicle Sector VP, Landon Sproull intends to bolster the society's involvement in evolving industry regulations and to better cultivate cross-sector alliances. From his early days as a mechanical engineering student at the University of Evansville to today serving as a vice president at PACCAR, SAE International involvement has been a constant throughout the career of Landon Sproull. His SAE participation began with the Mini Baja collegiate design competition, then transitioned to the Mid-South and Texas sections as a professional, taking on leadership roles of increasing responsibility and being recognized for his involvement. He was presented the 1995 SAE/AEM Outstanding Young Engineer Award and served as Chair of the Texas Section (1997-98) and Chair of the Sections Board (2000-02), before joining the SAE Board of Directors (2002-04). Sproull now will build onto his SAE leadership resume with the role of 2017-20 Commercial Vehicle Sector Vice President.

Monaghan, Matthew

Fluorescent Sensor Provides Low-Cost Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis

TBMG-262271/1/2017

Scientists have developed a new diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder currently affecting around 30,000 Americans. The new device provides a cheaper, easier way to detect levels of chloride in sweat, which are elevated in cystic fibrosis patients. A similar strategy could be applied to other diseases that present with elevated levels of different ions, such as bromide and iodide, and the simplicity of the approach could make diagnostic tests more accessible around the world.

Experimental Study on Optimization of the Intake Ports for Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Small Engines for Motorcycles

2016-32-007911/8/2016

With the remarkable rise of gas prices and global air pollution, measures to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions have become urgently needed in the motorcycle industry, as in the automobile industry. One approach is to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, and much research and development has been done for many years on this subject. Community-based small motorcycles require both high mobility and fuel efficiency in developed and developing countries. Drivability and emission control of recreation and sports motorcycles are also needed. However, when developing engines for small motorcycles, due to differences in engine speed range, driving load range, devices for driving and emission control, market prices, and infrastructure, some different approaches from those for automobile engines with their many advanced technologies are needed. This report describes mainly techniques for optimizing the shapes of the intake port and its outskirts based on a wealth of knowledge about improving thermal efficiency gained during engine development. Using the results of both combustion analysis and the flow state at a dynamo bench and a flow bench with an actual engine, and forecasts of the internal flow by three-dimensional steady and non-steady flow analysis were adapted to develop the specifications. As a result, the combustion between cycles was stabilized with less fuel by intensifying the turbulence energy around the spark plug, ideally being controlled the fresh air-fuel mixture before ignition and increasing atomization of the fuel. Moreover, ISFC was able to be improved from our previous engines without sacrificing drivability.

Fukui, Daisuke, Ninomiya, Yoshinari

Automotive Industry CAD System Automation through Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) Case Study

2016-36-037210/25/2016

The product development process in the automotive industry is constantly subject to several studies focused on trying to minimize the costs and reduce the time to product. However, it can be said that there's very little focus on the opportunity that lays in the CAD Automation possibilities through the use of a method called Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE), which consists in its core essence on the reuse of knowledge gained during previous projects, as well as a set of best design practices, applied through automation methods and artificial intelligence in the CAD models. The CAD process automation could represent a significant reduction in the project hours in the automotive product development, mainly because the processes related to it are well defined and structured. Besides that, new automotive products are usually predictable and systemic, allowing room for an efficient CAD automation. This paper's objective is to revise the existing literature about Knowledge Based Engineering applied to the CAD system CATIA V5 in order to define what would be the state-of-the-art of this field, and then correlate it with what's existing and used today in two large automotive industries in the preliminary, conceptual and detailed project phases of their development process through two case studies.

Rogerio, Bahr, Tiago, Weller

Salt-Measuring Sensor Spots Early Signs of Cystic Fibrosis

TBMG-254519/25/2016

Biomaterials scientists from Penn State, University Park, PA, have developed a new, inexpensive method for detecting salt in sweat or other bodily fluids. The fluorescent sensor, derived from citric acid molecules, is highly sensitive and highly selective for chloride, the key diagnostic marker in cystic fibrosis.

Wheel Bearing Lubrication Development for Low Friction and Water Resistance

2016-01-19609/18/2016

Recently, vehicle production volumes have been increasing, particularly in newly developing countries that often lack adequate infrastructure. These regions utilize many unimproved roads and frequently experience heavy rainfall, requiring robust product features. In contrast, developed countries, with well-maintained infrastructure, have emphasized protection of the environment, requiring automobile manufacturers to target reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Hub unit bearings, which enable smooth wheel rotation, are mounted at the wheel center. The hub bearing is a critical part which supports the automotive body and requires high reliability. To make environmental progress, hub unit bearings have increasing requirements for low friction. NSK has developed effective grease technologies to meet the diverse requirements of hub unit bearings, such as high reliability and low friction under severe environmental conditions. Under wet operating conditions, the developed grease extended bearing life by using a unique composition of synthetic base oil with additives for water resistance which can separate water drops and form a thicker oxide film on the bearing raceways. At low speeds and heavy load conditions, the developed grease decreased friction torque via the base oil’s low viscosity-pressure coefficient. This paper reports the results of testing and observations completed for the developed grease.

Takayama, Yukihisa

Rice Crop Models Stabilize Global Markets and Enable Efficient Irrigation

TBMG-254149/1/2016

When global food prices spiked dramatically in late 2007 and into 2008, with the costs of many basic dietary staples doubling or even tripling, protests and riots upset much of the developing world. Following the price spike, world leaders gathered to figure out how to foresee and avert such market instabilities in the future, and a major product of those meetings was the Group on Earth Observations’ Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) initiative, carried out by a partnership of governments and international organizations in the G20 nations. The initiative relies primarily on satellite Earth-imaging data to improve projections of crop production and weather forecasting.

Time Delay Predictive and Compensation Method in the Theory of X-in-the-Loop

2016-01-00314/5/2016

X-in-the-loop (XiL) framework is a new validation concept for vehicle product development, which integrates different virtual and physical components to improve the development efficiency. With XiL platform the requirements of reproducible test, optimization and validation, in which hardware, equipment and test objects are located in different places, could be realized. In the view of different location and communication form of hardware, equipment and test objects, time delay problem exists in the XiL platform, which could have a negative impact on development and validation process. In this paper, a simulation system of time delay prediction and compensation is founded with the help of BP neural network and RBF neural network. With this simulation system the effect of time delay in a vehicle dynamic model as well as tests of geographically distributed vehicle powertrain system is improved during the validation process. Meanwhile the optimization results of BP neural network and RBF neural network are compared.

Niu, Wenxu, Song, Ke, He, Yucheng, Zhang, Tong

Lean Product Development. How to Create Flow? Reflection after a 4 Years Implementation in One Business Unit - Part 1

2016-01-03464/5/2016

During the 4 last years, Lean has been successfully implemented in one of the Tenneco’s Business Units: Ride Performance. This paper reflects on the results and more specifically on the third principle of Lean [1] “How to make flow” and on the fifth principle “To strive for perfection” obtained in the fields of “Product Development” related to Processes, Tools and People. Processes and Hard Tools. How to improve the flow in the engineering processes? It will be shown that In general standardized processes supported by some integrated tools and, more specifically Some workload leveling in testing, CAD Departments, Standardization in design processes, testing procedures and prototypes development processes and Standardization and availability of components and parts for prototype building are key enablers to enhance flow in the Product Development. Additionally the application of some Poka Yoke principles improves the Product Development quality and front loading of the development process ensures the efficient realization of an optimized product solution. The hard tools are defined as tools supporting the processes and the people in their daily business. A couple of examples illustrate how the tools are bolstering the engineering flow. An example shows how to speed up some processes such as testing, the CAD design or the building of prototypes by sharing resources globally, i.e. efficiently making parts or components available from one engineering center to other locations. The integration of several local databases into one global standardized database helps the end user to both identify the location where resources are available and use it. Another example illustrates the process and the tools to analyze and benchmark the competitor products and technology trends. This tool employs standardized test procedures and report templates. People. To increase the competences of the Product Development group the skills are properly identified and reviewed on a regular basis by the manager. Coaching, Mentoring, Knowledge Sharing and Lessons Learned are supported by the function leaders whose roles and responsibilities include continuously improving the standards of their specialty and sharing of it within the organization. The Change Agents, who propagate the continuous improvement spirit, work closely with the functional leaders to help to identify opportunities for improving and supporting the execution of work by using structured problem solving methods. Soft Tools. The Soft tools [2] are defined as tools supporting Communication to drive alignment and commitment including the use of Visual Management. Problem Solving technics including PDCA and Continuous Improvement. Knowledge collection, Lessons Learned and Sharing Visual Management is a powerful tool to share information, to create transparency, to align and finally gain clear commitment of the stakeholders. Some examples as Obeya room and Cockpit will be presented. PDCA and problem solving are disciplined methods to identify, define, solve problems, driving a systematic behavior and thinking to continuously improve the current business. Lessons learned and Knowledge Sharing processes are supported by some tools to select, approve and finally share the information to the right audience. An efficient way to capture the lessons learned and the experience is to integrate design guidelines, generic DFMEA,DVP, BOM and Drawings into a tool which provides guidance and support the product design process. This tool is particularly efficient knowledge transfer method when bringing new engineers on board.

Garcia, Patrick, Radous, Jiri, Krol, Artur, Bosek, Jacek, Baeten, Caroline

World Fuels and Modern Fuel Systems - A Path to Coexistence

2015-01-2818

9/29/2015

All around the world, steps are being taken to improve the quality of our environment. Prominent among these are the definition, implementation, and attainment of increasingly stringent emissions regulations for all types of engines, including off-highway diesels. These rigorous regulations have driven use of technologies like after-treatment, advanced air systems, and advanced fuel systems. Fuel dispensed off-highway is routinely and significantly dirtier than fuel from on-highway outlets. Furthermore, fuels used in developing countries can be up to 30 times dirtier than the average fuels in North America. Poor fuel cleanliness, coupled with the higher pressures and performance demands of modern fuel systems, create life challenges greater than encountered with cleaner fuels. This can result in costly disruption of operations, loss of productivity, and customer dissatisfaction in the off-highway market. This paper outlines and summarizes the mechanisms creating hard particle-induced wear, the durability challenges for high performance fuel systems operating in dirty fuels, and the specification, design, development, and implementation of an enhanced filtration solution to enable modern fuel systems to function and survive with poor fuel cleanliness. Figure 1 fuel cleanliness challenges [1, 4]

Shafer, Scott

Cost reduction in Low-cost Emerging Economies for Sustainable Growth - Principles, Processes, Tools & Techniques

2015-01-28659/29/2015

Cost-reduction and cost competitiveness have emerged as major strategic tools to an enterprise and are being used all over the world to fight for survival as well as maintain sustainable growth. Maximization of value-creation by enriching the planet, people and the economy should be the key drivers leading to cost-reduction strategies in any business. The main objectives of this paper are to explain the Processes and Principles of Cost-reduction in technology-transfer to low-cost emerging economies to achieve sustainable cost-reduction and create a culture of cost-consciousness throughout an organization. DivgiWarner has not only designed and developed but has also been practicing unique processes of cost-reduction utilizing various tools as, 1 Value Analysis and Value Engineering 2 Cost-reduction through productivity improvement 3 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 4 Lean Manufacturing 5 Total Quality Management (TQM) 6 Control over fixed Costs 7 Working Capital and Fund-Flow Management 8 Inventory Management 9 Employee involvement through Kaizen, Suggestion schemes and 5-S Cost-reduction is planned, measured and reported with the following three indicators being constantly kept in perspective: 1 Profit achieved through cost-reduction activity 2 Cost-reduction as % to total Sales 3 Cost-reduction as % to Material Costs Cost-reduction achieved for sustainable growth without compromising on the quality of products, and keeping the customer and supplier-base intact and an increase in the top-line on a yearly basis in line with increase in markets and economies. For it to be achieved, cost-reduction has to be considered as a strategic and not just a tactical approach to overall cost-reduction efforts.

Kulkarni, Damodar, Deore, Pankaj

Aerospace Standard 6228 Developed to Support Improved Productivity and Reduce Occupational Disease Among Powered Hand Tool Operators

2015-01-24859/15/2015

A joint US Department of Defense (DOD), General Services Administration (GSA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) project initially addressing procurement criteria for powered hand tools stimulated involvement of the SAE EG1-B Hand Tools committee and affiliated industry participants, producers of powered hand tools. It became apparent of the need to develop a standard that addresses occupational disease, productivity, life-cycle cost in the selection of Hand Power Tools. Committee efforts focused upon development of an SAE International Standard that considers productivity hand-arm vibration, noise, other safety and health factors and life-cycle costs in procurement criteria for powered hand tools. Aerospace Standard, AS 6228 Safety Requirements for Procurement, Maintenance and Use of Hand-held Powered Tools, was published in September 2014. Concurrently, a new committee, EG1-B1, Powered hand tools, productivity, Ergonomics and Safety, evolved from the EG1-B subcommittee initially formed to address this topic. The standard provides a process for semi-quantitative assessment and comparative weighting of factors including life-cycle cost, vibration, ergonomics and noise into the evaluation and procurement decision. GSA has adapted the standard in evaluation of powered hand tools and is currently making approximately 140 lower vibration/ergonomic tools available to Federal users and Aerospace Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM's), while identifying new products based on customers supply support requests. Current efforts are focused on outreach to industry and DOD; development of a technical report describing application of the AS 6228 standard and extending the processes described here to other commodities and industrial processes.

Geiger, Mark Benjamin, Ster, John Michael

Micromachined Parts Advance Medicine, Astrophysics, and More

TBMG-360974/1/2015

Anyone who remembers the Micro Machines line of toys might be surprised to learn that the tiny model vehicles are positively gargantuan compared with actual micromachine manufacturing. While specimens of the miniature toy collection may indeed have been “smaller than a silver dollar,” some industrial micromachined parts compare similarly to the breadth of a human hair, which is around 75 microns.

Micromachined Parts Advance Medicine, Astrophysics, and More

TBMG-218354/1/2015

Improved Suit Design for Ebola Caregivers

TBMG-216903/1/2015

A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins University have designed an advanced protective suit for health care workers who treat Ebola patients. The design is one of the first five awardees in a federal funding contest from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) aimed at quickly devising new tools to combat the deadly disease.

A New and Effective Approach for Knowledge Sharing among Indian Automotive Industry

2015-26-00731/14/2015

Access to Knowledge resources around the world demands special skills and calls for judicious investments. Networking is an effective tool and building networks through consortia approach is dire need of the hour. Although this approach has been used in academia, its application in industry, especially among corporate entities, is rare. This paper describes in brief an optimised way to access databases, subscriptions & memberships of different technical societies from global platforms for research & progress of Indian automotive industry. It is imperative for Indian automotive industry to enhance and strengthen its knowledge resource base, particularly in product development and manufacturing domains. This will enable the industry to achieve its mission -“AMP-2016” of becoming a hub for global auto industry. Instead of “compete and grow,” an approach of “collaborate and grow” is thought of. It is proposed to have a knowledge-centric Initiative for Indian Automotive Industry namely The Knowledge Consortium of Indian Automotive Industries (KCIAI) led by SIAM. It will be a platform for dissemination of knowledge to facilitate Indian Automotive Industry for its product development and manufacturing. The KCIAI will be a unique model for Indian Automotive Industry, at par with other societal models like CeRA, CSIR, DAE, DELNET, DRDO, FORSA, INFLIBNET, and INDEST in India for Knowledge dissemination. The KCIAI need to drive DSIR recognized in-house R&D establishments and testing institutes pertaining to Indian Auto Industry under the direction of SIAM. This can be further deployed in ACMA, and TMA & ATMA in next phases. This unique and frugal approach to knowledge sharing is inspired after internalization of SAE papers published so far in various SAE conferences since 1978 in USA.

Joshi, Ashutosh G.

Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a Flex Fuel Motorcycle Fuelled with Various Gasoline/Ethanol Blends

2014-32-003211/11/2014

Motorcycle sales have increased consistently during the last decade mostly in developing countries, especially in the BRICS. Low cost and less fuel consumption comparing to cars associated to the economic growth are the main reason for such trend. Emission limits have become stricter and the use of gas after treatment devices is widely present in new models. Flex fuel motorcycles have now become available, but effects of the combination of diverse gasoline/ethanol blends on the emissions are still an open issue that requires further understanding. This paper presents the most recent results regarding regulated and unregulated emissions from a Flex Fuel motorcycle fuelled with 4 different gasoline/ethanol blends: E22, E61, E85 and 100% ethanol. Both regulated (CO, THC, NOx) and unregulated emissions (Aldehydes, NMHC, NH3, N2O) were studied. The main conclusion is that motorcycles equipped with three-way catalytic converters presented significant ammonia emissions in the tailpipe when compared to pre catalyst emissions. The same trend was observed with nitrous oxide.

Daemme, Luiz Carlos, Penteado, Renato, Zotin, Fatima, Errera, Marcelo

Ethanol Addition Influence on Backfire Phenomena during Kickback in a Spark-Ignition Transparent Small Engine

2014-32-009311/11/2014

This paper investigates abnormal combustion during the cranking phase of spark-ignition small engines, specifically the occurrence of backfire at the release of the starter motor during kickback. The research focusses on the influence of fuel composition, mainly in terms of ethanol percentage, on backfire occurrence. Interest in this abnormal combustion is growing due to the increased use of fuels with different chemical-physical properties with respect to gasoline. Moreover, this issue will become even more topical due to the implementation of simple control and fuel supply systems on low cost-engines, which are widely used in developing countries. Experimentation was carried out in an optically accessible engine derived from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine for two-wheel vehicles. The test bench was instrumented and adapted in order to simulate the engine conditions that lead to anomalous ignition in the intake duct (backfire) during the reverse rotation of the engine (kickback). Two different test procedures were developed with the aim of promoting the ignition at the intake. Major engine parameters were measured, such as the in-cylinder pressure, the pressure at the exhaust and at the intake; in order to characterize the engine conditions and to monitor the ignition in the intake manifold. Furthermore, an optical investigation of the combustion chamber was performed using high spatial and temporal resolution measurements. Engine and optical data were correlated and the analysis allowed characterization of backfire during kick-back, enabling identification of the conditions that make backfire more probable and to observe the influence of fuel composition.

Catapano, Francesco, Di Iorio, Silvana, Sementa, Paolo, Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, Fiaccavento, Marcello, Giari, Francesco, Marchetti, Antonio

Simple Medical Diagnostic for Developing World

TBMG-20799

10/1/2014

A team of researchers at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, have created an inexpensive diagnostic device that, they say, can be used by health care workers in the world’s poorest areas to monitor diabetes, detect malaria, discover environmental pollutants, and perform tests currently being done by machines costing thousands of dollars.