Browse Topic: Aircraft operations

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Water Spray and High Humidity Endurance Test Methods for AMS1424 and AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing FluidsAS5901E (Current)11/26/2025
This document establishes the minimum requirements for an environmental test chamber, and test procedures to carry out anti-icing performance tests according to the current materials specification for aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. The primary purpose for such a test method is to determine the anti icing endurance under controlled laboratory conditions of AMS1424 Type I and AMS1428 Type II, III, and IV fluids.
G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids
Bearing, Plain, Self-Aligning, PTFE Lined, NarrowAS21233B (Current)11/26/2025
No scope available.
ACBG Plain Bearing Committee
Bearing, Plain, Self-Aligning, Grooved Outer Ringer PTFE Lined, WideAS21230B (Current)11/26/2025
No scope available.
ACBG Plain Bearing Committee
Verifying large alternate product code for an ARP document - ARP112425-1ARP112425/AABC/X000100000000000-1 (Current)11/24/2025
Verifying large alternate product code for an ARP document - ARP112425-1
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Sponsor ChjangeARP050911 (Current)10/13/2025
Test
A-6A Systems Subsystem Integration Steering Group
Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle OperationsF-0081-2025-01325/20/2025
The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifying their infrastructure to include fixed electric charging stations, additional taxiways, upgraded fire suppression systems, separate hangers, and capable MRO facilities. Augusta Regional Airport (KAGS) is the base airport for the annual Masters Golf Tournament which experiences five times the normal airport traffic and some 40,000 commuting patrons. eVTOLs can offset land traffic issues associated
Stanzione, Kaydon, Johnston, Diane
The Logistic Lasso and Ridge Regression Algorithm-Based Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Model2025-01-71683/19/2025
Airline passenger satisfaction is important for airline operation service quality management. When airline companies carry out advertisement campaigns or plan a marketing strategy, the resources and budgets are not unlimited. Thus, an airline can only focus on improving a few factors that drive passenger satisfaction. To understand the key satisfies for the young and the old adults, respectively, we leverage five airline passenger satisfaction methods to identify the key factors that explain the airline service satisfaction of different passengers. In particular, we investigate and compare the ridge and the Lasso regularization in terms of the resulting model’s sparsity and computational efficiency. The top three important factors that influence the old’s satisfaction are departure and arrival time convenience, legroom service, and baggage handling. Our findings indicate that the young people place a higher value on entertainment, while the old adults place a higher value on usefulness
Ma, Jie, Hu, Song, Wang, Haipeng
Rotor Icing and De-icing at DLR's Whirl Tower Test FacilityF-0080-2024-13175/7/2024
The paper presents recent and ongoing activities of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) focusing on experimental icing investigations within the nationally funded project InTEnt-H (2018-2022) and progressive activities in continuing internal DLR projects. The aim of InTEnt-H was to investigate innovative de-icing and anti-icing technologies for small and medium-weight helicopters, for which no rotor de-icing technologies exist to date, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of these systems in a suitable test facility. For this purpose, the whirl tower test facility of the DLR in Braunschweig has been converted into an icing test facility that is unique in Europe and will allow for the generation of atmospheric icing conditions. In this facility, de-icing and anti-icing systems for rotor blades can be tested under centrifugal loads and various icing conditions. The paper starts with a short presentation of the retrofitting works at the DLR whirl tower test facility and its major components
Bartels, Rainer, Konrath, Robert, Keimer, Ralf, Sahyoun, Dominic, Schneider, Oliver, Kalow, Steffen
682 Guidance for Air Transport Service Bulletins (TEST POPST CT and APPSEARCH)ARINC682 (Current)9/21/2022
This document provides industry guidance to supplement ATA standards and airframe requirements, addressing gaps and vague areas to move suppliers/vendors and airframers toward a common standard for format and wording in Vendor Service Bulletins (VSB) for Air Transport components. This document supplements the VSB guidance of iSpec 2200, providing clarity of requirements and resulting in a common standard wording and format of VSBs from all suppliers on all aircraft types. The guidance in this document is intended to be applied to VSBs created and released subsequent to the release of the guidance document and will not require the retroactive update of VSBs released prior to the creation and release of the guidance.
Next-gen swarm CubeSats’ synchronization and re-programmability2022-26-11615/26/2022
The increasing need for interstellar data has increased the deployment of satellites in space, thereby increasing the space debris, also resulting in unnecessary costs. CubeSats have been gaining scads of attention worldwide for their affordability and ease of construction by the educational community. To further enhance this it is imperative for a simple and reliable communication technique and its ability to work on robust missions by enabling CubeSats in intelligent ways. The paper proposes a technology that can reduce the costs by deploying CubeSats and improving their lifetime and number of missions using TinyML and reprogrammability capabilities. Swarms of CubeSat deployed for extraterrestrial missions can be synchronized, without having any ground support with the help of onboard ML algorithms. CubeSats, being cost-effective and resource-efficient, its life-expendability can come as an added advantage. Hence, the paper also proposes the use of TinyML for power optimization and
Giridharan, Nithyaashree, PRANAV, PV
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Quality ManagementAS6332A (Current)7/29/2021
This document establishes the general requirements for the quality management of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing systems and processes. It covers the areas of: Quality system, documentation, and control of records; Management responsibility; Resource management; Product realization; and Measurement, analysis, and improvement. This document defines these areas and their key aspects so they can be practically managed, and that deicing operations can become safer with time. In alignment with AS6285 and AS6286, the primary focus of this standard is on the deicing/anti-icing of aircraft using deicing and anti-icing fluids.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Quality ManagementAS6332A-TEST-REC (Historical)7/29/2021
This document establishes the general requirements for the quality management of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing systems and processes. It covers the areas of: Quality system, documentation, and control of records; Management responsibility; Resource management; Product realization; and Measurement, analysis, and improvement. This document defines these areas and their key aspects so they can be practically managed, and that deicing operations can become safer with time. In alignment with AS6285 and AS6286, the primary focus of this standard is on the deicing/anti-icing of aircraft using deicing and anti-icing fluids.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Laboratory Viscosity Measurement of Thickened Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids with a ViscometerAS9968A (Current)7/23/2021
This document describes a standard method for measuring the viscosity of thickened (AMS1428) Type II/III/IV Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids. The determination of viscosity for a Non-Newtonian fluid is very sensitive to shear and differences in sample chamber geometry. Even slight differences can have a large effect on measurement results. The test parameters and associated error for this standard are applicable to the Brookfield LV viscometer. A Brookfield LV or equivalent viscometer shall be used. To be considered equivalent, an alternate viscometer must demonstrate statistically equivalent performance, i.e., accuracy and precision when testing thickened (AMS1428) fluids using the same test parameters and conditions.Test parameters and conditions outside of the ranges described within this standard may be used only if they meet minimum limits for precision and accuracy established for the Brookfield LV viscometer. To compare viscosities, the same test parameters and conditions
G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids
Aircraft Tow BarARP1915E (Current)4/8/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Digital Data Standards in Aircraft Asset Lifecycle: Current Status and Future Needs2021-01-00353/2/2021
The aerospace ecosystem is a complex system of systems comprising of many stakeholders in exchanging technical, design, development, certification, operational, and maintenance data across the different lifecycle stages of an aircraft from concept, engineering, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance to its disposal. Many standards have been developed to standardize and improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and security of the data transfer processes in the aerospace ecosystem. There are still challenges in data transfer due to the lack of standards in certain areas and lack of awareness and implementation of some standards. G-31 standards committee of SAE International has conducted a study on the available digital data standards in aircraft asset life cycle to understand the current and future landscapes of the needed digital data standards and identify gaps. This technical paper presents the study conducted by the G-31 technical committee. This paper reviews the data being
Kumar, G. V. V. Ravi, Jones, Ken, Rencher, Robert, Rajamani, Ravi, Schmidt, Michael, Budeanu, Dragos, Ghimire, Ritesh, Lesmerises, Alan, Kasimsetty, Vinay, Kar, Satyanarayan, Hall, Frederick, Berlee, Dirk, Walthall, Rhonda, Johnson, Logen
High-Fidelity Sonic Boom Propagation ToolTBMG-384842/1/2021
The primary challenge with supersonic flight remains the mitigation of the sonic boom to levels that will be acceptable to humans on the ground. As industry progresses towards realizing a commercial supersonic aircraft, the push from regulators to reduce noise levels has intensified. Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a system for predicting sonic boom propagation of supersonic aircraft. The sBOOMTraj tool enables efficient computation and mitigation of sonic boom loudness across the entire duration of a flight mission.
eVTOL Accretion Modeling for Supporting Algorithmic Icing DetectionF-0076-2020-1629710/5/2020
eVTOL aircraft operating within the air transportation system will undoubtably be exposed to inclement and adverse weather conditions, which may well include operation in icing conditions, whether planned or encountered inadvertently. Design compromises necessary to provide VTOL operations may make continued operation in an icing environment particularly challenging, especially for eVTOL aircraft having only limited excess power for operation of anti-icing or deicing equipment. This paper describes a research program to assess the impact of accreted icing on the performance of eVTOL aircraft, as part of a program for implementation of an Icing Detection Filter that leverages detailed knowledge of that performance impact on the distributed electrical propulsion and lift systems on the vehicle. Modeling approaches for prediction of icing accretion and the associated performance losses, particularly as they can be measured through monitoring of the onboard electrical power system, are
Jr., Robert, Kaufman, Andrew, Quackenbush, Todd
Blockchain Applications for Rotorcraft Component TrackingF-0076-2020-1630410/5/2020
In this paper we propose a hierarchical distributed database architecture (HDDA) for tracking rotorcraft configuration, usage, and health state down to the component-level. We leverage key blockchain technologies to guarantee data integrity and provide auditable and verifiable data lineage records, enabling a fleet-wide distributed architecture that scales from onboard edge nodes to enterprise server clusters. HDDA's unique design supports key rotorcraft use cases at all organizational levels, including onboard collection of rotorcraft health and usage data by edge nodes, automated record keeping to reduce maintenance burden and error for ground support personnel, fleet-wide data analysis of individual rotorcraft components to achieve longer maintenance free operating periods and improved rotorcraft health state awareness at all organizational levels. We describe the high-level design of HDDA and provide rationale for our design choices.
Taijala, Taavi, Moffatt, John, Bharadwaj, Raj
Health-Aware Digital Enterprise - A Blueprint for Digital Thread Integration for Future Vertical Lift SustainmentF-0076-2020-1627110/5/2020
A primary factor for the development of military avionics systems is the requirement for a Modular Open System Architecture (MOSA). The US Department of Defense (DoD) is driving MOSA-compliant systems to achieve benefits in cost and flexibility within their procurements. MOSA definitions are examined in light of advances in computing disciplines that open the interfaces necessary for the aircraft operator to update and manage their fleet's Health Awareness Systems (HAS). Opening the relevant HAS interfaces via software configuration toolsets and MOSA building blocks avoids contracting for costly software changes and gives control of the update to the operator. Two business related factors are presented for consideration in developing the best way forward while using MOSA principles to guide development. These factors are (1) Intellectual Property (IP) and (2) the underlying investments companies make to develop IP. The need to routinely update the HAS to incorporate fleet lessons
Thomson, Mark, Caraway, Logan, Tucker, Brian
Remotely Piloted Air SystemsTBMG-3788210/1/2020
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. San Diego, CA 858-762-6700
Charger for Battery Powered Ground Support EquipmentARP1816D (Current)9/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes three general types of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) battery chargers. The battery charger typically requiring up to 8 hours to recharge a 100% discharged battery, hereafter called “Conventional Charger.” A charger, hereafter called “Opportunity Charger,” which has the ability to charge at a slightly faster rate than a conventional charger. A charger, hereafter called “Fast Charger,” which has the ability to charge at a much faster rate than a conventional charger. Recommendations that apply to all types will refer generically to “charger.”
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Aircraft Asset Lifecycle and Digital Data Standards OverviewAIR7501 (Current)9/18/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews technical, operational, and maintenance data being exchanged between key stakeholders in aerospace asset lifecycle and data standards available for such exchanges. It identifies gaps and non-availability of data standards in certain areas. The scope of the current document is limited to aircraft operations, maintenance and disposal stages post-build phase, and does not include the detailed interactions during the aircraft build phase.
G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee
Aircraft Asset Lifecycle and Digital Data Standards OverviewAIR7501-TEST-REC (Historical)9/18/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews technical, operational, and maintenance data being exchanged between key stakeholders in aerospace asset lifecycle and data standards available for such exchanges. It identifies gaps and non-availability of data standards in certain areas. The scope of the current document is limited to aircraft operations, maintenance and disposal stages post-build phase, and does not include the detailed interactions during the aircraft build phase.
G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee
Test Procedure for Parking Stability of MotorcyclesJ1101_202009 (Current)9/9/2020
Side stands and center stands are designed to support stationary two-wheel motorcycles. This SAE Standard establishes procedures for determining parking surface loading and stability limits as follows: a The footprint pressure exerted on a horizontal parking surface by the stand. b The tilt angle of the parking surface at which tip-over occurs. c The tilt angle of the parking surface at which roll-off occurs.
Motorcycle Technical Steering Committee
Rear Fuselage PackerTBMG-375999/1/2020
Kaman UK Darwen, UK +44 1254 706000
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Qualification ProgramAS6286B (Historical)6/11/2020
This document establishes the minimum training and qualification requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures. All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations. The scope of training should be adjusted according to local demands. There are a wide variety of winter seasons and differences of the involvement between deicing operators, and therefore the level and length of training should be adjusted accordingly. However, the minimum level of training shall be covered in all cases. As a rule of thumb, the amount of time spent in practical training should equal or exceed the amount of time spent in classroom training.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D (Current)4/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D-TEST-REC (Historical)4/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896 (Current)4/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896-TEST-REC (Historical)4/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Engineered Solutions for Enclosure Sealing and InsulationTBMG-3566812/1/2019
In the aerospace and defense industries, enclosure sealing and insulation needs to meet challenging and complex requirements. For example, the EMI gaskets that are used in military touchscreens must shield sensitive electronics from electromagnetic interference (EMI) while providing electrical conductivity and ensuring environmental sealing. These enclosure gaskets must also cushion the unit from mechanical shock and avoid interfering with the display's touch function.
FluidsAS6286/3A (Current)11/12/2019
Field of Application This document shall be used in conjunction with: AS6286 Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground AS6286/1 Processes including Methods AS6286/2 Equipment AS6286/4 Weather AS6286/5 Health, Safety and First Aid AS6286/6 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones How to Purchase Global Anti-Icing and De-Icing Standards
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Health, Safety and First AidAS6286/5A (Current)11/12/2019
This document shall be used in conjunction with: AS6286 - Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground AS6286/1 - Processes including Methods AS6286/2 - Equipment AS6286/3 - Fluids AS6286/4 - Weather AS6286/6 - Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Deicing/Anti-Icing Diagrams/No Spray ZonesAS6286/6A (Current)11/12/2019
This document shall be used in conjunction with: - AS6286, Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground - AS6286/1, Processes Including Methods - AS6286/2, Equipment - AS6286/3, Fluids - AS6286/4, Weather - AS6286/5, Health, Safety and First Aid
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
WeatherAS6286/4A (Current)11/12/2019
This document shall be used in conjunction with: - AS6286, Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground - AS6286/1, Processes including Methods - AS6286/2, Equipment - AS6286/3, Fluids - AS6286/5, Health, Safety and First Aid - AS6286/6, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Processes Including MethodsAS6286/1A (Current)11/8/2019
This document shall be used in conjunction with: AS6286, Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground AS6286/2, Equipment AS6286/3, Fluids AS6286/4, Weather AS6286/5, Health, Safety and First Aid AS6286/6, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
EquipmentAS6286/2A (Current)11/8/2019
This document covers the standards of de-icing/anti-icing equipment. In conjunction with the main document and other related slash sheets it will provide guidelines for the proper procedures to deice and anti-ice aircraft on the ground information to support this training program is provided to make the material a better tool for the preparation and execution of the training & qualification. It is intended to provide a common basis for de-icing/anti-icing training and qualification for de- icing providers and airlines. This material was compiled using various international documents with support from SAE documents and individually contributed editorial comments. Its purpose is to serve as a "Globalized Deicing Training Manual".
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
General Requirements for Powered Drive Units (PDUs) in Aircraft Cargo SystemsAIR4165B (Current)10/2/2019
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to assist the user (aircraft manufacturer/airline) in the following areas: a In the decision of whether or not to plan for the installation of a powered drive system in the cargo loading system (CLS) during the definition of the aircraft on-board cargo loading system. b If a powered drive system is decided upon, to provide general requirements to be considered during the preparation of component specifications for the powered drive units (PDUs) to be used. This provides a selection of criteria in order to obtain an optimum PDU for the application considered.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Compensating the Effects of Ice Crystal Icing on the Engine Performance by Control Methods2019-01-18629/16/2019
Aircraft equipment is operated in a wide range of external conditions, which, with a certain combination of environmental parameters, can lead to icing of the engine internal elements. Due to icing, the engine components performance characteristics change what leads to decrease in thrust, gas dynamic stability, durability, etc. Safe aircraft operation and its desired performance may be lost as a result of such external influence. Therefore, it is relevant to study the possibilities of reducing the icing effect with the help of a special engine control. The focus of this paper is to determine control methods of an aircraft gas turbine engine addressing this problem. The object of the study is a modern commercial turbofan with a bypass ratio of about 9. In this paper analysis of the effect of ice crystal icing on the engine components performance is conducted. To perform simulation of the engine performance under such impact, degraded components characteristics was introduced into
Gurevich, Oskar, Smetanin, Sergei, Trifonov, Mikhail
A Service-Based Modelling Approach to Ease the Certification of Multi-Core COTS Processors2019-01-18519/16/2019
The Phylog project aims at offering a model-based software-aided certification framework for aeronautical systems based on multi/many-core architectures. Certifying such platforms will entail fulfilling the high level objectives of the MCP-CRI / CAST-32A position paper. Among those, two types of analysis are required: interference and safety analyses. Because of the large size of the platforms and their complexity, those analyses can lead to combinatorial explosion and to some misinterpretation. To tackle these issues, we explore a service-based modelling approach that leads to a simplification of the analyses and to the highlighting of salient properties, making the adaptation of the certification argumentation efficient.
Boniol, Frédéric, Bouchebaba, Youcef, Brunel, Julien, Delmas, Kevin, Pagetti, Claire, Polacsek, Thomas, Sensfelder, Nathanaël
Flight Optimization Model on Global and Interval Ranges for Conceptual Studies of MEA Systems2019-01-19069/16/2019
In development of more electric aircraft applications, it is important to discuss aircraft energy management on various level of aircraft operation. This paper presents a computationally efficient optimization model for evaluating flight efficiency on global and interval flight ranges. The model is described as an optimal control problem with an objective functional subjected to state condition and control input constraints along a flight path range. A flight model consists of aircraft point-mass equations of motion including engine and aerodynamic models. The engine model generates the engine thrust and fuel consumption rate for operation condition and the aerodynamic model generates the drag force and lift force of an aircraft for flight conditions. These models is identified by data taken from a published literature as an example. First, approximate optimization process is performed for climb, cruise, decent and approach as each interval range path. Next, optimization for global
Shibuya, Yotsugi, Oyori, Hitoshi, Sugawara, Hirotaka, Seki, Naoki
Phase-Switching Liquids as Anti-Icing MaterialsTBMG-347557/1/2019
Techniques to prevent frost and ice formation on surfaces rely heavily on heating or on liquid chemicals that need to be repeatedly reapplied because they easily wash away. Even advanced anti-icing materials have problems functioning under conditions of high humidity and subzero conditions.
Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Qualification ProgramAS6286A (Historical)6/26/2019
This document establishes the minimum training and qualification requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures. All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations. The scope of training should be adjusted according to local demands. There are a wide variety of winter seasons and differences of the involvement between deicing operators, and therefore the level and length of training should be adjusted accordingly. However, the minimum level of training shall be covered in all cases. As a rule of thumb, the amount of time spent in practical training should equal or exceed the amount of time spent in classroom training.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Quality Program Guidelines for Deicing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the GroundARP5646A (Current)6/19/2019
The scope of the Quality Program Guidelines, in the format of a checklist, is to help ensure compliance with the current documents as listed in §2 "Applicable Documents " that meet Airline Operator's and regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of all other personnel that performs the deicing/anti-icing task to adhere to these requirements.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Training Program Guidelines for Deicing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on GroundARP5149C (Current)6/19/2019
This document establishes the minimum criteria for effective training of air carrier and contractor personnel to deice/anti-ice aircraft to ensure the safe operation of aircraft during ground icing conditions. Appendix D specifies guidelines for particular airplane models.
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
Equivalent Sand Grain Roughness Correlation for Aircraft Ice Shape Predictions2019-01-19786/10/2019
Many uncertainties in an in-flight ice shape prediction are related to convection heat transfer coefficient, which in turn depends on the flow, turbulence and laminar/turbulent transition models. The height of ice roughness element used to calculate the Equivalent Sand Grain Roughness height (ESGR) is a very important input of the turbulence model as it strongly influences the shape of the accreted ice. Unfortunately, for in-flight icing, the ESGR is unknown and generally calculated using semi-empirical models or empirical correlations based on a particular ice shape prediction code. Each ice shape prediction code is unique due to the models and correlations used and the numerical implementation. Ice roughness correlations do not have the same effect in each ice shape prediction code. A new approach to calculate the ESGR correlation taking into consideration the particularities of the ice shape prediction code is developed, calibrated and validated. This new approach derives a
Fortin, Guy
Advanced Nanocomposite Low Adhesion Icephobic Coating for Aerospace Applications2019-01-19966/10/2019
Icing is a major safety issue for flight operations in the civil, defense and space sectors. Ice can form on critical components during takeoff/landing, or while in service, depending on prevailing weather conditions. Aircraft manufacturers relies on two different approaches to prevent ice buildup using an active anti-icing system to melt ice buildup or deicing chemicals/ice repellent surface to minimize the buildup ice. The use of active anti-icing systems offers good protection, however can add significant penalty to overall weight, energy consumption and cost. Aerospace industry is in need for an advanced ice repellent surface to effectively minimize ice buildup on critical components with no modification to existing design can provide significant relief to ice prone systems. In this paper, Oceanit will present its most advanced nanocomposite low ice adhesion icephobic coating technology that was developed and demonstrated for application on metallic surfaces to provide the lowest
Veedu, Vinod, Thapa, Sumil, Arumugam, Ganesh Kumar
Runway Deicing Product Anti/Deicing Performance Assessment: Review and Future Directions2019-01-19746/10/2019
Every winter, northern airport operations are disrupted by heavy snowstorms and freezing precipitations. A simple snow accumulation or a thin layer of ice can affect aircraft operations (take-off, landing and taxi), and increase the risk for passengers and crew members, by rendering the runway slippery. Any deficits in deicing operations can also lead to flight delays and even cancellations that cost a lot to the industry. In order to maintain the runway and taxiway in a safe and useable condition, airport authorities use mechanical tools, but also chemical products. Chemical products available on the market for use in airports are principally in solid forms and liquid form, and are denominated as Runway Deicing Product (RDP). All of the products used in airport should meet the technical requirements of one of the two Aerospace Materials Specifications (AMS) documents: the AMS1431D Compound, Solid Runway and taxiway Deicing/Anti-icing and the AMS1435C Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-icing
Brassard, Jean-Denis, Laforte, Caroline, Tremblay, Marc Mario, Volat, Christophe
Model-based Engine Health for Turboshaft Engines with Limited InstrumentationF-0075-2019-146125/13/2019
Helicopter health and usage monitoring has lagged large commercial aircraft due to the limited instrumentation and high mission complexity of typical rotorcraft. To counteract these challenges, a model-based framework is introduced to utilize knowledge of engine and aircraft operation to determine (either on-board or off-board) the overall engine health and margin as well as module health based solely on aircraft Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) data. The engine and module health can then be used to estimate remaining Time on Wing (TOW) as well as most likely condition-based maintenance for the engine.
Cornelius, Daniel, Hannula, Scott
A Research on the Icing Flight Test and Computational Simulation for the Design of Ice Protection System for KUH (Korean Utility Helicopter)F-0075-2019-147385/13/2019
Icing of the fuselage and blades may occur when the helicopter is flying in the icing area. If ice accretion occurs in the ADS(Air Data System) of the fuselage, normal speed and altitude information are lost, making it difficult to flight. When windshield icing occurs, the view of pilot is limited and flight is difficult. Also, the ice accretion of the blades deforms the outer shape of the blades (Ref. 1) and makes the dynamic characteristics unstable due to an abnormal weight increase, resulting in deterioration of performance, deterioration of maneuverability, and structural instability. To avoid this, an anti-icing or de-icing system is required. Therefore, if the aircraft is not fitted with a proper anti-icing system, it is not possible to operate under icing conditions. However, it is difficult to design a proper anti-icing system considering the position of anti-icing protection area and icing phenomenon due to limitation of electric power, weight, thermal damage temperature
Park, Nameun, Kim, Jik, Lee, Sang, Woo, Cheol, Kim, Hyung, Hwang, Yoo
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