Browse Topic: Ground support

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BALL BEARINGS.060002To be published on 01/01/2099
HESS, HENRY
Technical Paper
The Logistic Lasso and Ridge Regression Algorithm-Based Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Model2025-01-716803/19/2025
Airline passenger satisfaction is important for airline operation service quality management. When airline companies carry out advertisement campaigns or plan a marketing strategy, the resources and budgets are not unlimited. Thus, an airline can only focus on improving a few factors that drive passenger satisfaction. To understand the key satisfies for the young and the old adults, respectively, we leverage five airline passenger satisfaction methods to identify the key factors that explain the airline service satisfaction of different passengers. In particular, we investigate and compare the ridge and the Lasso regularization in terms of the resulting model’s sparsity and computational efficiency. The top three important factors that influence the old’s satisfaction are departure and arrival time convenience, legroom service, and baggage handling. Our findings indicate that the young people place a higher value on entertainment, while the old adults place a higher value on usefulness
Ma, Jie, Hu, Song, Wang, Haipeng
Technical Paper
Next-gen swarm CubeSats’ synchronization and re-programmability2022-26-116105/26/2022
The increasing need for interstellar data has increased the deployment of satellites in space, thereby increasing the space debris, also resulting in unnecessary costs. CubeSats have been gaining scads of attention worldwide for their affordability and ease of construction by the educational community. To further enhance this it is imperative for a simple and reliable communication technique and its ability to work on robust missions by enabling CubeSats in intelligent ways. The paper proposes a technology that can reduce the costs by deploying CubeSats and improving their lifetime and number of missions using TinyML and reprogrammability capabilities. Swarms of CubeSat deployed for extraterrestrial missions can be synchronized, without having any ground support with the help of onboard ML algorithms. CubeSats, being cost-effective and resource-efficient, its life-expendability can come as an added advantage. Hence, the paper also proposes the use of TinyML for power optimization and
Giridharan, Nithyaashree, PRANAV, PV
Technical Paper
Aircraft Tow BarARP1915E (Current)04/08/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Charger for Battery Powered Ground Support EquipmentARP1816D (Current)09/23/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes three general types of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) battery chargers. The battery charger typically requiring up to 8 hours to recharge a 100% discharged battery, hereafter called “Conventional Charger.” A charger, hereafter called “Opportunity Charger,” which has the ability to charge at a slightly faster rate than a conventional charger. A charger, hereafter called “Fast Charger,” which has the ability to charge at a much faster rate than a conventional charger. Recommendations that apply to all types will refer generically to “charger.”
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Test Procedure for Parking Stability of MotorcyclesJ1101_202009 (Current)09/09/2020
Side stands and center stands are designed to support stationary two-wheel motorcycles. This SAE Standard establishes procedures for determining parking surface loading and stability limits as follows: a The footprint pressure exerted on a horizontal parking surface by the stand. b The tilt angle of the parking surface at which tip-over occurs. c The tilt angle of the parking surface at which roll-off occurs.
Motorcycle Technical Steering Committee
Technical Standard
Rear Fuselage PackerTBMG-3759909/01/2020
Kaman UK Darwen, UK +44 1254 706000
Magazine Article
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D (Current)04/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328D-TEST-REC (Historical)04/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896-TEST-REC (Historical)04/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment AlignmentAS6896 (Current)04/24/2020
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Engineered Solutions for Enclosure Sealing and InsulationTBMG-3566812/01/2019
In the aerospace and defense industries, enclosure sealing and insulation needs to meet challenging and complex requirements. For example, the EMI gaskets that are used in military touchscreens must shield sensitive electronics from electromagnetic interference (EMI) while providing electrical conductivity and ensuring environmental sealing. These enclosure gaskets must also cushion the unit from mechanical shock and avoid interfering with the display's touch function.
Magazine Article
General Requirements for Powered Drive Units (PDUs) in Aircraft Cargo SystemsAIR4165B (Current)10/02/2019
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to assist the user (aircraft manufacturer/airline) in the following areas: a In the decision of whether or not to plan for the installation of a powered drive system in the cargo loading system (CLS) during the definition of the aircraft on-board cargo loading system. b If a powered drive system is decided upon, to provide general requirements to be considered during the preparation of component specifications for the powered drive units (PDUs) to be used. This provides a selection of criteria in order to obtain an optimum PDU for the application considered.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Information Report
Failsafe Linear Magnetic BrakesTBMG-3411304/01/2019
Linear permanent magnet brakes, also known as eddy current brakes, are a failsafe, power-free deceleration system that is used in conjunction with a metal reaction plate. Ceramic or rare earth magnets are bonded to a steel back iron plate; no input power is required.
Magazine Article
Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing ProductAMS1435D (Historical)11/02/2018
This specification covers runway deicing and anti-icing products in the form of a liquid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12 Runway Deicing Product Committee
Material Specification
Design and Safety Criteria for Passenger Boarding StairwaysAIR6133 (Current)09/21/2018
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Information Report
Ramp De-IcingAIR1335B (Current)07/02/2018
This Technical Report has been declared “CANCELLED” as of June 2018 and has been superseded by AS6285, AS6286, and AS6332. By this action, this document will remain listed in the respective index, if applicable. Cancelled Technical Reports are available from SAE.
G-12M Methods Committee
Information Report
Ground-Based System Guides UAVs to Avoid CollisionsTBMG-2904706/01/2018
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) averages more than 100 reports a month of interactions between unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and commercial or private planes. For UAS to fly in civil airspace, they must be able to see, avoid, and remain “well clear” of other aircraft. With no pilot onboard to spot approaching aircraft, another sense-and-avoid (SAA) technique is required.
Magazine Article
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328C (Historical)05/04/2017
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d a standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e a standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, HEAT SHRINKABLE, CROSSLINKED, ELASTOMERIC POLYOLEFIN, FLEXIBLEAS23053/16 (Current)10/17/2016
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Technical Standard
Low-Temperature RadiometerTBMG-2493007/01/2016
Many present and future NASA missions require high-performance, large-scale cryogenic systems, such as the sunshields and cold instruments for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Testing these systems is problematic because of both the size and the low heat loads allowed. The heat loads can be greatly influenced by non-ideal blackbody characteristics of the test chamber, and by stray heat from warmer parts of the system and ground support equipment. Previously, stray thermal energy was not directly measured, but inferred from deviations in the expected results, which leads to errors in thermal modeling and in lack of knowledge of the thermal performance of the item under test. Technologists at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a radiometer to help identify the sources of stray heat and to make non-contact thermal emission measurements of such materials as vapor-deposited aluminum on Kapton and multilayer insulation blankets, as well as background measurements of non
Magazine Article
System and Method for Transferring Telemetry Data Between a Ground Station and a Control CenterTBMG-2497707/01/2016
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) employs many advanced innovations developed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and in collaboration with other organizations. The applications and benefits for these technologies are advantageous for many other industries as well. One of those technologies is the Space Link Extension Return Channel Frames (SLE-RCF) software library. This software library enables a mission control center to receive telemetry frames from a ground station. The technology implements the SLE-RCF protocol as defined by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). Software routines can be reused from mission to mission.
Magazine Article
CABLE ASSEMBLIES, ELECTRIC POWER, FOR PORTABLE GROUND SUPPORT TEST EQUIPMENTAS25481 (Historical)05/07/2016
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Launch Environment Water Flow Simulations Using Smoothed Particle HydrodynamicsTBMG-2389702/01/2016
One of the crucial ground structures employed at the launch pad during the Space Shuttle program is the rainbird nozzle system, whose primary objective is to suppress acoustic energy generated by the launch vehicle during pad abort and nominal operations. It is important that the rainbird water flow does not impinge on the rocket nozzles and other sensitive ground support elements. For the new Space Launch System (SLS) vehicle, the operation is similar, regardless of the new mobile launcher and new engine configurations. The goal of the rainbird nozzle system remains sound suppression (SS), and the rocket engines still cannot get wet. However, the rearrangement of the rainbird water system for the SLS mobile launcher locates the rainbirds closer to the first-stage rocket engines, which are positioned above the exhaust hole. The close proximity of the rainbird nozzle system could potentially cause vehicle wetting during liftoff.
Magazine Article
Aluminum Gas Tungsten Arc Orbital Tube WeldingTBMG-2366401/01/2016
JPL has been hand-welding aluminum tubing for decades in support of flight programs and ground support equipment, including thermal plates and shrouds. This hand-welding process is time-consuming, cumbersome, difficult, and unreliable in terms of repeatability and success, which leads to leaks, rework, and cost increase. Socket-style meltdown welds are difficult to inspect via traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods (radiography) since by design, there is always an inherent highstress point in the joint.
Magazine Article
JLAB Tracking Tool (JTRAK)TBMG-2368701/01/2016
The JLAB Tracking Tool (JTRAK) is a Web-enabled database tool designed to automate the tracking of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Ground Support System (IGSS) and Integrated Test Support System (ITSS) configured items. These configured items consist of IGSS and ITSS equipment and materials; hardware and software revisions including patch releases of the Science Instrument Development Units (SIDUs) and the Science Instrument Test Sets (SITS); ground lab COTS software license versions and maintenance schedules; and other miscellaneous documents.
Magazine Article
James Webb Space Telescope Microshutters Subsystem Project Thermal Chamber Ground Support Equipment Automated ControlTBMG-2286009/01/2015
An automated control system for the microshutter assembly (MSA) portion of the JWST MSS (James Webb Space Telescope Micro shutters Subsystem) was developed. This is a cryogenic device that operates at 35 K. Cooling down and warming back up is a critical activity since the arrays are very fragile. This process used to be manual. After seeing the difficulties of operating in this mode with the engineering test unit (ETU), a decision was made to develop a LabVIEW-based control system to monitor temperature sensors, and control the heater, cryocooler, and vacuum pumps. This system fully automated the process for warm-up and cool-down, and reduced the overall time it took in the process. A text message alert system was included so that members of a call tree were alerted if there were any violations of set constraints.
Magazine Article
Hamburg Airport Relies on Drive Technology to Keep Bags MovingTBMG-2293409/01/2015
Hamburg Airport in Germany handles nine million pieces of baggage every year. For the baggage handling staff, the reliability of the conveyor system and the prevention of faults are the highest priorities. The breakdown of even a single component of the system would result in a backlog and unacceptable delays.
Magazine Article
Web Application: Ground Hardware Management ToolTBMG-2255708/01/2015
An integrated ground support equipment (GSE) tracking and management tool is designed for tracking and managing GSE data used in support of KSC/Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) planning and launch campaigns. This software (the Ground Hardware Management Tool, GHMT) will be fully integrated with the Ground Operations Planning Database (GOPDb) to provide a complete ground operations planning solution.
Magazine Article
Integrated Ground Supported Systems Equation ProcessorTBMG-2242507/01/2015
The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) Ground Support System (IGSS) Equation Processor (IEP) allows for the general production of “derived” telemetry products in the Raytheon Eclipse ground system used to support the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project. The IEP works alongside the Raytheon-provided equation-processing system but provides for support of string data types that the existing equation processing does not support. The string data type production is required to support the manipulation of JWST string telemetry data types, and for the production of string data types to produce readable time conversions from a binary value to year, day, hour, minute, second format that can be directly viewed on real-time telemetry display pages. The user writes equation scripts using the Tool Command Language (TCL) and specifies as part of the definition how the equation is triggered and what the results should look like. The TCL scripting language provides for a fully featured
Magazine Article
Interface Protective Devices - Ground Equipment to AircraftAIR1558B (Current)06/08/2015
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses damage to aircraft caused by ground equipment contact and suggests methods of protecting against that damage.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Information Report
Pass Plan Formatter (PPF) for Earth Sciences Ground Support SystemTBMG-2202105/01/2015
The TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) and Terra ESMO (Earth Science Mission Operations) Ground Systems needed a method of passing scheduling data through the Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) bus to other subsystems without modifying the Planning and Scheduling systems and their planning data output. The original output data is used by other subsystems and not just for automation with GMSEC.
Magazine Article
PLUG, PIPE, EXTERNAL THREADAS4863 (Current)04/21/2015
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Motorcycle Side Stand Retraction Performance RequirementsJ1579_201410 (Current)10/24/2014
These requirements define minimum recommended levels of side stand retraction performance of a new side stand/motorcycle combination when tested according to the procedures of SAE J1578.
Motorcycle Technical Steering Committee
Recommended Practice
Telescience Resource Kit, Release 3TBMG-1939504/01/2014
Release 3 of the Telescience Resource Kit (TReK) has become available. TReK 3 is a suite of application programs that can be used to monitor and control a payload aboard the International Space Station. TReK provides both local ground support system services and an interface to utilize remote services provided by the Payload Operations Integration Center.
Magazine Article
Titles, SAE Subcommittee G-3E Aerospace Tubing Installation Documents, Selection OfARP1987/3 (Current)01/02/2013
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to establish the procedure for creating titles of aerospace tubing and clamp installation documents generated by SAE Subcommittee G-3E.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Recommended Practice
Universal Turnover Build-Up Stand for Small Propulsion Units Requiring Vertical AssemblyARP863B (Current)12/05/2012
This recommended practice covers a stand that may be used for assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. The stand incorporates the following design criteria: complete interchangeability of any and all components, collapsible frame construction, envelope dimensions (marked with an asterisk on the attached drawings), attachment pad configuration, and gearbox and caster specifications.
AGE-4 Packaging, Handling and Transportability Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability DeterminationARP1328B (Historical)10/15/2012
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d a standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e a standard method for testing these systems.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Recommended Practice
Modular, Rapid Propellant Loading System/Cryogenic TestbedTBMG-1461309/01/2012
The Cryogenic Test Laboratory (CTL) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has designed, fabricated, and installed a modular, rapid propellant-loading system to simulate rapid loading of a launch-vehicle composite or standard cryogenic tank. The system will also function as a cryogenic testbed for testing and validating cryogenic innovations and ground support equipment (GSE) components. The modular skid-mounted system is capable of flow rates of liquid nitrogen from 1 to 900 gpm (≈3.8 to 3,400 L/min), of pressures from ambient to 225 psig (≈1.5 MPa), and of temperatures to –320 °F (≈–195 °C). The system can be easily validated to flow liquid oxygen at a different location, and could be easily scaled to any particular vehicle interface requirements.
Magazine Article
Flight Deck EnvironmentARP4101/4A (Current)07/31/2012
This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Pictograms for Ground Support EquipmentARP1838B (Current)03/28/2012
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies pictographic symbols for ground support equipment. They have been compiled for the benefit of those who deal with such equipment like airlines, airport authorities, manufacturers etc. in order to facilitate fast and accurate identification of controls, indicators, and decals of powered and unpowered equipment. This document shall promote standardization of terms for controls, indicators etc. of ground support equipment and eliminate language problems. It is recommended to put these pictograms on all future equipment and to retrofit all existing equipment as far as possible.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Solid-State Frequency Converter, 400 Hertz, 3-Phase OutputARP1940A (Current)03/07/2012
This specification covers the requirements for solid-state frequency converters with 480 (or 380) V 3-phase, 60 (or 50) Hz input and 115/200V, 3-phase, 400 Hz output capable of powering aircraft type loads requiring MIL-STD-704D quality power. The frequency converter shall be a self-contained unit suitable for the environment of intended use. Typical applications include dedicated use at passenger loading bridges (mounted under the bridge in telescoping bridge applications or fixed installation at base of stationary type loading bridges) with weatherproof enclosures or hangar/lab use where indoor fixed or portable units can be used.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Positively Verifying Mating of Previously Unverifiable Flight ConnectorsTBMG-1082509/01/2011
Current practice is to uniquely key the connectors, which, when mated, could not be verified by ground tests such as those used in explosive or non-explosive initiators and pyro valves. However, this practice does not assure 100-percent correct mating. This problem could be overcome by the following approach.
Magazine Article
Positively Verifying Mating of Previously Unverifiable Flight ConnectorsTBMG-TB-01082508/22/2011
New approach ensures secure connections. Current practice is to uniquely key the connectors, which, when mated, could not be verified by ground tests such as those used in explosive or non-explosive initiators and pyro valves. However, this practice does not assure 100-percent correct mating. This problem could be overcome by the following approach.
Magazine Article
Urea Compound, ShottedAMS1730A (Current)08/10/2011
G-12 Aircraft Ground Deicing Steering Group
Material Specification
Welding of Structures for Ground Support EquipmentARP1330A (Historical)08/10/2011
This recommended practice provides general recommendations for welding structural assemblies for aerospace ground support equipment. The recommendations are based on practical engineering experience and reflect design practices and fabricating procedures that have been found to be effective in providing good strength and structural rigidity.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Recommended Practice
High-Speed Isolation Board for Flight Hardware TestingTBMG-987105/01/2011
There is a need to provide a portable and cost-effective galvanic isolation between ground support equipment and flight hardware such that any unforeseen voltage differential between ground and power supplies is eliminated. An interface board was designed for use between the ground support equipment and the flight hardware that electrically isolates all input and output signals and faithfully reproduces them on each side of the interface. It utilizes highly integrated multi-channel isolating devices to minimize size and reduce assembly time.
Magazine Article
Ladder, Aircraft Maintenance, Aluminum, Three-Way Combination (Step, Straight and Extension), General Specification ForAS85896A (Current)04/07/2011
This specification establishes the requirements for the manufacture and acceptance of three-way combination (step, straight and extension) aluminum ladders for aircraft maintenance use.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Math Software to Help Plan Astronaut, Shift Worker SchedulesTBMG-894001/01/2011
Shifting work schedules can wreak havoc on a person’s ability to get enough sleep, resulting in poor performance on the job. Researchers funded by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) have developed software that uses mathematical models to help astronauts and ground support personnel better adjust to shifting work and sleep schedules. Outside the space program, the software could help people who do shift or night work or who experience jet lag due to travel across time zones.
Magazine Article
Dr. Robert Youngquist, Lead Scientist, Applied Physics Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, FLTBMG-891712/01/2010
After a brief career teaching at University College London in the U.K., Dr. Robert Youngquist returned to the U.S. and went to work as a contractor at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in 1988. He established KSC’s Optical Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed ground support equipment for the space shuttle program. In 1999 he accepted a full-time position with NASA and established KSC’s Applied Physics Laboratory, which he still leads today. In 2009 Dr. Youngquist received KSC’s inaugural Engineer/Scientist of the Year Award for his scientific innovations, leadership, and mentoring of students who are pursuing advanced degrees.
Magazine Article
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