Browse Topic: Consumer preferences

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Development of Design and Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric MessagesJ2831_202007 (Current)7/29/2020
This Information Report provides recommendations for alphanumeric messages that are supplied to the vehicle by external (e.g., RDS, satellite radio) or internal (e.g., infotainment system) sources while the vehicle is in-motion. Information/design recommendations contained in this report apply to OEM (embedded) and aftermarket systems. Ergonomic issues with regard to display characteristics (e.g., viewing angle, brightness, contrast, font design, etc.) should review ISO 15008.
Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Committee
Brake Pedal felling correlation with female shoe and feet position2019-36-00151/13/2020
The female market share has increase every year, for some segments we have a majority of female buyers. Working with this tendency we work to understand the impact and the dislikes that we may be facing in the near future due to the costumer habits, and also understand what can be done to improve this relationship. This paper will discuss the feeling correlation between the foot position, heel point, drivers knee and the feeling of the brake pedal. We need to consider the difference between different shoe sole design and the impact on the point of force apply and angles resulting a costumer perception of the brake feeling of the vehicle. Based on Market research, math model studies and simulation, experiments done at the vehicle and measurements considering different situations we will show that the felling can be affected using different shoes and the brake performance perception can be also affected. We conclude the paper with the comments on what should be consider guaranteeing the best driver experience feeling.
Buganza, Giorgia, Utyike, Fernando, Raposo, Fabio, Godinho, Eduardo
Editorial19AVEP11_0111/1/2019
After digesting some of the fascinating insights from surveys taken of automated-vehicle test riders - most of them first-timers - who participated in SAE International's Demo Days program (see pg. 31), you've got to conclude that the only thing predictable about the new-mobility landscape is its unpredictability. The year's not over yet and already it's been a wild ride.
Visnic, Bill
Familiarity Breeds Respect19AVEP11_0811/1/2019
SAE surveyed participants in its recently concluded AV ride-along program. Their responses reinforce positive perceptions about the automated-driving experience. If there's one takeaway from SAE International's groundbreaking Demo Days program that took place in various U.S. cities over 18 months, it's that everyday people who've had the opportunity to ride in an automated vehicle (AV) on real roads are the antithesis of Chaucer's familiar phrase, “Familiarity breeds contempt.” During the program that generated 1,395 surveys, nearly all - 88% - of these early enthusiasts found no reason to change their positive perception of AVs after what was for 94% their first ride in a vehicle operating with high-level automated functionality. Participants at each of the Demo Days demonstrations were surveyed about their impressions before and after their approximately 10-minute AV ride.
Visnic, Bill
2019 Vehicle Technology Review19AUTP04_024/1/2019
Reviewing the latest tech applications in the automotive space and the trends they're serving. With massive shifts looming in the automotive engineering space - the titanic trio of Autonomy, Mobility and Electrification (AME) - it's easy to forget that the pace of innovation continues unaltered in the here and now. We've reviewed the latest technologies on the newest OEM models and how they point to current trends in the automotive landscape. Though the AME macro trends represent the majority investment in the automotive space, and work on traditional engineering projects including new powertrains continues, small features that resonate often serve as a guideposts to what's next.
Seredynski, Paul
J.D. Power launches new vehicle-engineering award at SAE's WCX 201919AUTP04_034/1/2019
Globally-respected automotive analytics firm J.D. Power recognizes outstanding vehicle-integration engineering with two new annual awards. Long known for its groundbreaking surveys measuring automotive customer satisfaction, quality and dependability-and presenting corresponding awards to top-achieving OEMs-marketing information and analytics firm J.D. Power is launching two new engineering-related awards for development teams responsible for each year's best all-new vehicle and best redesigned vehicle. J.D. Power is partnering with SAE International to announce at this year's SAE World Congress Experience (WCX) the winners for the inaugural 2018 Engineering Award for Highest-Rated All-New Vehicle and Engineering Award for Highest-Rated Vehicle Redesign.
Visnic, Bill
China's NIO making EV battery swapping work19AUTP02_132/1/2019
Emergent electric-vehicle automaker NIO believes battery swapping makes sense for EVs and the company's customers almost universally agree. In front of 10,000 guests at the 2018 NIO Day in mid-December, company founder and CEO William Li announced that 9,726 units of the company's first vehicle, the ES8 SVU, had been delivered. And more than 95% of those buyers chose to lease the battery, which is only possible with battery packs designed to be swapped out for recharging. Swappable, leased batteries mean NIO can offer its EVs at a much lower up-front cost than other OEMs selling electric vehicles. NIO customers who opt to lease the battery reduce the cost of their EV by 100,000 RMB ($14,476 US). These ES8 buyers then pay a subscription fee, either 980 RMB ($142) per month or 10,800 RMB ($1,570) annually, to access NIO's battery swap stations and other “Power Express” services, like a public charging network and the use of NIO's Power Mobile charging trucks. A similarly priced subscription service will be available for buyers of the upcoming ES6 SUV EV.
Blanco, Sebastian
Magna unveils configurable seating concept at CES 201919AUTP02_102/1/2019
Magna provided a glimpse into its vision for the future of configurable cabin spaces with a life-size transforming seating demo at its booth during January's Consumer Electronics Show (CES). Driven by consumer research, the seating-system concept is designed to provide flexible and collaborative configurations aimed at an autonomous vehicle (AV) future. “Magna's seating innovation is driven by the belief that while the vehicle occupant experience will be very different with the introduction of mobility and autonomy, the functional basics will remain the same: passengers want convenience, flexibility and comfort,” Mike Bisson, president of Magna Seating, told Automotive Engineering ahead of CES. “This approach has essentially helped us create seats that adjust to the consumer, instead of having the consumer adjust to seats.”
Seredynski, Paul
Evaluation of Alternative Steering Devices with Adjustable Haptic Feedback for Semi-Autonomous and Autonomous Vehicles2018-01-05724/3/2018
Emerging autonomous driving technologies, with emergency navigating capabilities, necessitates innovative vehicle steering methods for operators during unanticipated scenarios. A reconfigurable “plug and play” steering system paradigm enables lateral control from any seating position in the vehicle’s interior. When required, drivers may access a stowed steering input device, establish communications with the vehicle steering subsystem, and provide direct wheel commands. Accordingly, the provision of haptic steering cues and lane keeping assistance to navigate roadways will be helpful. In this study, various steering devices have been investigated which offer reconfigurability and haptic feedback to create a flexible driving environment. A joystick and a robotic arm that offer multiple degrees of freedom were compared to a conventional steering wheel. To evaluate the concept, human test subjects interacted with the experimental system featuring a driving simulator with target hardware, and completed post-test questionnaires. Based on the data collected, drivers’ lane keeping performance was superior using a haptic robotic arm with haptic feedback to the joystick and steering wheel with an improvement of up to 70.18% during extreme maneuvers. Haptic feedback, with a lane keeping algorithm, can assist the operator in steering the vehicle given the likely deterioration of driving skills when autonomous vehicles become prevalent.
Wang, Chengshi, Wang, Yue, Wagner, John R.
Real-Time Diagnostics: Fast, Mobile, Health-Focused InformationTBMG-287464/1/2018
As technology becomes increasingly mobile and information becomes more readily available, consumer demand for immediate answers continues to rise. This demand is coupled with the concurrent growth of health-conscious consumer attitudes. Mobile apps that report traffic delays, artificial intelligence software that listens to and interprets commands, and wearable electronics that track activity and sleeping patterns — these programs are all geared toward consumers who are invested in gaining rapid information that they can use to make everyday decisions.
Impact of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Size on Visual Demand and Usability2017-01-19849/23/2017
Given the wide adoption of touchscreens in vehicles, an interesting debate is taking place regarding the good screen size, length-width ratio and whether the usability of in-vehicle information system (IVIS) would be decreased by a larger screen, especially. Moreover, the lack of scientific evidence about the concrete impact of touch screen size on usability raises questions to practitioners. In this paper, we investigated the impact of in-vehicle touch screen size on users’ visual behavior and usability as measured using eye tracker and questionnaire. Two experiments were conducted on 30 participants. In the first experiment, participants were asked to seek same information on four different in-vehicle screens based on simulated driving environment, while eye movement was recorded for analyzing efficiency of visual behavior. In the second experiment, as secondary driving tasks tested in real driving environment, touch operations of same functions were implemented, including calling, playing music and adjusting air conditioner temperature. Touch areas of these tasks were similar in different vehicles to ensure the comparability. Furthermore, eye movements were recorded and system usability scales were completed for evaluating the usability of in-vehicle touch screen. As for analyzing, usability is evaluated by effectiveness, efficiency, perceived usability and driving compatibility. Four vehicles, namely Tesla model S, Volvo XC90, Cadillac CT6 and Mazda Alexa, were selected for these two experiment, considering that they had different size and length-width ratio screens. In consideration of visual demand and usability, it seems that large vertical touchscreens ≥inch, length-width ratio<1) are the best choice for IVIS.
Ma, Jun, Li, Junyi, Gong, Zaiyan, Yu, Jihong
Analyzing Customer Preference to Product Optional Features in Supporting Product Configuration2017-01-02433/28/2017
For achieving viable mass customization of products, product configuration is often performed that requires deep understanding on the impact of product features and feature combinations on customers’ purchasing behaviors. Existing literature has been traditionally focused on analyzing the impact of common customer demographics and engineering attributes with discrete choice modeling approaches. This paper aims to expand discrete choice modeling through the incorporation of optional product features, such as customers’ positive or negative comments and their satisfaction ratings of their purchased products, beyond those commonly used attributes. The paper utilizes vehicle as an example to highlight the range of optional features currently underutilized in existing models. First, data analysis techniques are used to identify areas of particular consumer interest in regards to vehicle selection. Consumer responses related to the reasons for/against the purchase of a specific vehicle model form the basis of extracting these areas of interest. Second, satisfaction rating variables are leveraged to characterize and quantify those identified areas of interest. Several methods of handling missing values of rating variables are developed to impute the data sets in supporting the choice modeling. Finally, multinomial logit models are constructed using engineering attributes, customer demographics as well as the rating variables to quantitatively assess customer preferences, evaluate the feasibility of different imputation methods, and predict customers’ choices. The results show that the inclusion of satisfaction ratings improves model fit and predictive capabilities.
Sha, Zhenghui, Saeger, Veronica, Wang, Mingxian, Fu, Yan, Chen, Wei
Wearable MedTech - Designing for New Frontiers in HealthcareTBMG-252088/1/2016
Look around you. Doesn’t it seem like everyone is sporting a Fitbit® or other wearable technology? The fact is, consumers are quickly embracing devices that help them monitor fitness metrics. There’s a feel-good bonus in a long schlep from gate to gate in an airport, or a marathon shopping spree, when a compact wrist gadget applauds the impressive distance walked along the way. People are taking to wearable tech as they have adapted to smartphones— incorporating them as an integral piece of their everyday lives.
Calculation and Measurement of the Time to Complete In-Vehicle Navigation and Route Guidance TasksJ2365_201607 (Current)7/12/2016
This Recommended Practice can apply to both Original Equipment Manufacturer and Aftermarket route-guidance and navigation system functions for passenger vehicles. The methods apply only to the presentation of visual information and the use of manual control inputs to accomplish a navigation or route guidance task. They do not apply to visual monitoring tasks which do not require a manual control input, such as route following. Voice-activated controls or passenger operation of controls are also excluded.
Driver Metrics, Performance, Behaviors and States Committee
Improving Subjective Assessment of Vehicle Dynamics Evaluations by means of Computer-Tablets as Digital Aid2016-01-16294/5/2016
Vehicle dynamics development relies on subjective assessments (SA), which is a resource-intensive procedure requiring both expert drivers and vehicles. Furthermore, development projects becoming shorter and more complex, and increasing demands on quality require higher efficiency. Most research in this area has focused on moving from physical to virtual testing. However, SA remains the central method. Less attention has been given to provide better tools for the SA process itself. One promising approach is to introduce computer-tablets to aid data collection, which has proven to be useful in medical studies. Simple software solutions can eliminate the need to transcribe data and generate more flexible and better maintainable questionnaires. Tablets’ technical features envision promising enhancements of SA, which also enable better correlations to objective metrics, a requirement to improve CAE evaluations. However, it cannot be assumed that a tablet-based solution is feasible in vehicle dynamics SA context. Any distraction might result in low SA quality and safety issues when test-drivers are subjected to high mental workload pushing the vehicles to their performance-limits. In this study, a SA tablet-software for steering feel, handling, and ride was developed and systematically evaluated versus the traditional pen-and-paper method. The results indicate that the new approach is technically feasible in this context, meets more use-cases, and the drivers’ attitude towards it is positive. It increased questionnaire completion and rating resolution while reducing the error rate and transcription time. Although attendees reported that the paper-based approach has advantages from a usability point of view, the benefits of the tablet-based approach enable further process-related advantages.
Gil Gómez, Gaspar Luis, Vestlund, Johannes, Bakker, Egbert, Berger, Christian, Nybacka, Mikael, Drugge, Lars
Human Hybrid Robot, Next-generation Support Technology for Manual Tasks: Challenges, Perspectives and Economic Implications2015-01-26019/15/2015
Despite the increasing application of automated systems, manual tasks still plays an important role in industrial production. The intelligence and flexibility of human enable quick response and adaptive production for the individual requirements and the changes in market. Moreover, some manufacturing tasks with sensible and high-value components (e.g., in electronic and aircraft production) requires attentive manual handling. Regarding the requirement of increasing productivity as well as ergonomic improvement and the aging of the employees, there is a significant need for technologies which support the staff individually by performing tasks. Human Hybrid Robot, a hybrid system with direct coupling (serial and/or parallel) of human and mechatronic elements, is a new trend in application of robotic technologies for supporting manual tasks. It realizes a synchronous and bidirectional interaction between human and mechatronic and/or mechanic elements in the same workspace. This paper will discuss the challenges to realize the concept of Human Hybrid Robot for industrial application. According to the challenges we will give an overview of relevant technologies. Finally, it will concludes with the economic implications of such systems as well as an outlook on future research.
Yao, Zhejun, Weidner, Wiltrud, Weidner, Robert, Wulfsberg, Jens
Optimization of the Customer Experience for Routine Handling Performance2015-01-15884/14/2015
Rapidly increasing customer, financial, and regulatory pressures are creating clear changes in the calculus of vehicle design for modern automotive OEM's (Original Equipment Manufacturers). Customers continue to demand shorter product lifecycles; the increasingly competitive global market exerts pressure to reduce costs in all stages of development; and environmental regulations drive a continuous need to reduce mass and energy consumption. OEM's must confront these challenges while continuing to satisfy the customer. The foundation to meeting these challenges includes: (1) Continued development of objective metrics to quantify performance; (2) Frontloading vehicle design content and performance synthesis; (3) A precise understanding of the customer and their performance preferences under diverse usage conditions. These combined elements will enable products better optimized amongst competing (and often contradictory) imperatives. This paper focuses on methods to optimize vehicle handling performance for the customer during everyday ‘routine’ driving situations. Routine Handling (RH) is defined and simplified into five fundamental transient attributes: agility, stability, precision, responsiveness, and dynamic roll control. These attributes correspond with defined objective metrics. Vehicle architecture characteristics critical to handling performance are broadly reviewed and the impact of lateral chassis stiffness is specifically explored. The final section of this paper illustrates a customer clinic executed to better understand customer preferences and create objective loss functions.
Badiru, Ibrahim A., Neal, Michael W.
Tuning Dampers for Ride and Handling of Production Vehicles2015-01-15894/14/2015
The goal of this paper is to discuss the critical aspects of damper tuning for production vehicles. These aspects include ride and handling performance attributes, damper basics, conflicts in achieving desirable results, tuning philosophies, and the influence of the damper design. The marketplace has become increasingly competitive. Customer preference, cost, mass and regulatory pressures often conflict. Yet each year more vehicles are required to do all these things well. Damper tuning can play a significant role in resolving these conflicts. Although many papers have been written on the theory behind damper design and capabilities, there has been very little written about the techniques of tuning dampers for production vehicles. This paper attempts to discuss the critical aspects of damper tuning for production vehicles in four sections. The first section discusses the performance attributes of ride and handling. The second section provides a basic understanding of dampers. The third section discusses some of the conflicts in achieving performance results that will please a broad band of customers. Finally the fourth section discusses the design and tuning enablers to overcome these inherent conflicts.
Neal, Michael W., Cwycyshyn, Walter, Badiru, Ibrahim
A Comparison of Three Different Approaches to Image Depth in Driver Information Clusters: 2D Computer Graphics, 3D Computer Graphics and 3D Imaging2014-01-04514/1/2014
Displays that support complex graphics in driver information (DI) systems allow for the presentation of detailed visual data by employing a range of static (fixed image) and/or dynamic (moving image) design approaches. Such displays are gaining market share across a wide range of mainstream vehicles as the availability and cost of such technologies improves. Although a range of 2D, rendered 3D, and 3D imaging (or stereoscopic) information displays have been demonstrated throughout the automotive industry in recent years, there is limited empirical research examining consumer preference of the respective approaches or their influence on driving related tasks. The vehicle environment is known to be a demanding context for efficiently displaying information to the driver. Research in 3D [1, 2] reveals some of the factors that influence its acceptance and effective use, but there is limited research on the effects of 3D-related design elements when used in a driver-vehicle interface. The purpose of this research is to improve our understanding of these display approaches on consumer preference and driving-related task performance. Participants in these studies completed a set of driver-vehicle tasks that involved a text-based item search in a custom-designed interface that employed 2D, rendered 3D and stereoscopic 3D imaging in both static and simulated driving conditions. Analysis of the results of the two studies reveals developmental and procedural benefits from the use of realtime rendered 3D graphics in a driver information display. The specific type of 3D imaging examined in this study was autostereoscopic (or “glasses-free”) 3D. Sentiment toward these effects varied considerably, with participants divided between strongly liking, or strongly disliking, this particular display approach. The results of this study suggest that real-time rendering enabled by modern graphical processing units (and associated software tools) represents an important step forward in providing more effective graphics in driver information displays.
Ku, Kathleen, Tschirhart, Michael
Virtual Powertrain Installation for Diesel Engine Sound Quality Development in a Light Duty Vehicle Application2014-01-00244/1/2014
Increased customer expectation for NVH refinement creates a significant challenge for the integration of Diesel powertrains into passenger vehicles that might have been initially developed for gasoline engine applications. A significant factor in the refinement of Diesel powertrain sound quality is calibration optimization for NVH, which is often constrained by performance, emissions and fuel economy requirements. Vehicle level enablers add cost and weight to the vehicle and are generally bounded by vehicle architecture, particularly when dealing with a carry-over vehicle platform, as is often the case for many vehicle programs. These constraints are compounded by the need to make program critical sound package content decisions well before the availability of prototype vehicles with the right powertrain. In this paper, a case study on NVH development for integration of a light duty Diesel powertrain is presented. A process, based on a time-domain transfer path methodology was applied to provide focused engineering development of powertrain and vehicle level NVH enablers. Specifically, this paper describes the process of virtually installing a Diesel powertrain into a carryover gasoline vehicle, then later into a prototype development vehicle and target vehicle. Results from the “virtual swaps” were utilized to assess the gaps to NVH targets and to develop a focused plan for development of powertrain and vehicle level NVH enablers.
Tousignant, Todd, Govindswamy, Kiran
Customer Focus in EPS Steering Feel Development2014-01-01484/1/2014
The automotive industry is one of the most competitive enterprises in the world. Customers face an ever-expanding number of entries in each market segment vying for their business. Sales price, brand image, marketing, etc. all play a role in purchase decisions, but the factor distinguishing products that consistently perform in the market place is the ability to satisfy the customer. Steering character plays a critical role in the customer driving experience and can be one of the most heavily debated topics during a new vehicle program. The proliferation of EPS steering systems now allows engineers to calibrate steering feel to almost any desired specification. This raises a key question: What subjective & objective characteristics satisfy customers in a particular market segment? Answering this question requires continued research to develop objective metrics correlated to subjective steering attributes and increased understanding of customer preferences for objective performance parameters. In five sections, this paper presents a process for developing engineering requirements for steering feel that will achieve customer satisfaction: (1) Defines the elements of a customer focus strategy in product engineering; (2) Discusses the importance of steering feel to the customer; (3) Describes the subjective components of steering feel; (4) Outlines objective tests to quantify the subjective attributes of steering feel; (5) The final section of this paper illustrates an engineered clinic to understand customer preferences, generate loss functions, and develop objective engineering requirements.
Badiru, Ibrahim A.
Real World Customer Usage of the Hyundai Genesis Climate Control System in the USA2014-01-06854/1/2014
An innovative system has been developed to remotely monitor and record customer usage patterns of the Hyundai Genesis HVAC system in real time by smartphone. The data monitored includes dozens of HVAC-related parameters, including driver and passenger set temperature, blower setting, mode and intake position, internal software parameters, etc. This information and understanding of real-world usage of American customers enables design and test engineers to better satisfy customer demands for automatic temperature control performance. This study identifies areas in need of improvement Preliminary findings of this study suggest that auto mode usage is highest in mild temperatures and lowest in hot soaking conditions. In hot soak conditions (above 35C cabin temperature), the majority of American customers manually control the temperature and blower speed.
Furse, Devin, Park, SeKil, Foster, Lee, Kim, Simon
Driver Preference for Fore-Aft Steering Wheel Location2013-01-04534/8/2013
The fore-aft location of the steering wheel relative to the pedals is a critical determinant of driving posture and comfort. Current SAE practices lack quantitative guidance on steering wheel positioning. This paper presents a model of subjective preference for fore-aft steering wheel position across a range of seat heights. Sixty-eight men and women evaluated the steering wheel positions in a total of 9 package conditions differentiated by seat height and fore-aft steering wheel position. Numerical responses were given on a 7-point scale anchored with the words “Too Close”, “Just Right”, and “Too Far”. A statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the preferred fore-aft steering wheel position was affected by seat height and driver stature. An ordinal logistic regression model was created that predicts the distribution of subjective responses to steering wheel location. The model can be used to calculate the preferred steering wheel position for individuals or populations. The results were compared to distributions of steering wheel locations in 86 vehicles.
Reed, Matthew P.
Leveraging The Android Framework To Create A Dynamic Infotainment Ecosystem: Technology Leadership Brief2012-01-902410/8/2012
Android has gained undisputed leadership in the Smartphone world. It is an open-source framework which enables the community of applications developers to collaborate on a single implementation of a shared product. This collaboration has led to a large applications ecosystem that is unmatched by any other product or device in the world today. Making the Android suitable for the Automotive world brings shortened development time for infotainment features. To do so, it implies combining automotive software libraries, 3rd party applications and native Android applications while coordinating with HMI specialists, under the responsibility of a strong system integrator.
Riyahi, Eric
The Relationship between Driver Acceptance and System Effectiveness in Car-Based Collision Warning Systems: Evidence of an Overreliance Effect in Older Drivers?2012-01-02824/16/2012
An understanding of the relationship between user acceptance and system effectiveness is necessary for designing collision warning systems for cars and for accurately estimating their safety benefits. To better understand this relationship, an exploration was conducted into the results of a recent naturalistic field operational test of an integrated vehicle-based safety system installed into a fleet of passenger vehicles. Correlation analyses were conducted for system effectiveness, which was measured in terms of near-crash reduction, and for user acceptance, which was measured using responses to a questionnaire that drivers filled out after completing the study. The key findings were as follows: (1) although remaining generally positive overall, user acceptance decreased slightly for drivers as system effectiveness increased. This pattern appears to be due primarily to older drivers (aged 60 to 70), for whom it was strongest; (2) older drivers rated the system higher and were more likely than younger drivers to want more alerts; (3) a possible contributing factor to the above results is false alerts, as older drivers experienced a smaller proportion of false alerts than younger drivers. These results are discussed in the context of existing evidence and recommendations are made for future experiments and safety benefits estimates.
Stevens, Scott
Active Noise Control Method Considering Auditory Characteristics2012-01-09934/16/2012
In contrast to functionality and reliability, which are more and more assumed to be a natural and necessary condition of any vehicle, the performance of Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) now belongs to those features which play an essential role for the customer's purchasing decision. Sound design and vehicle interior noise control are essential parts of NVH. One tool of the NVH solution toolbox is Active Noise Control (ANC). ANC technology aims to cancel unwanted noise by generating an “anti-noise” with equal amplitude and opposite phase. Owing to the fact that human hearing has selective sensitivity for different critical bands, a new control strategy of ANC, which selectively controls the noise of specific bandwidths according to the result of specific loudness and retains the part of noise created by the normal running of facilities, trying to attenuate the unwanted and unacceptable noise, has been proposed in this paper. The new ANC system based on Filtered X Least Mean Square (FXLMS) algorithm takes the human auditory characteristics into account by incorporating a specific loudness filter set in the two input paths of controller respectively, and is employed in a detail case by numerical simulation. Simulation results illustrate it possible to achieve these aims that the noise of specific bandwidths is attenuated and sound qualities are improved to some extent.
TAN, Gangping, WANG, Dengfeng, Chen, Shuming, SONG, Jiqiang
An Exploration of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation for Automotive Applications2012-01-09704/16/2012
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) refers to a method of displaying information in serial fashion on a display mounted at a fixed focal position relative to the viewer. RSVP is used in cognitive and perceptual psychology research and shows some promise in applications that involve reading text on displays. This preliminary research examines the potential for RSVP as a means of presenting driver information in automotive use cases. We investigated how RSVP influenced subjective impressions, participant recall of information, and the impact of its use while performing a simulated driving task. We describe the results of two studies and discuss future directions for research.
Tschirhart, Michael, Ku, Kathleen
Connecting the J287 Reach Curves with Usability Research2011-01-05554/12/2011
Navigation systems have clear design and location guidelines independent of conventional controls and displays such as radios and HVAC. However, drivers switch between advanced and conventional devices while driving, so to lessen driver distractions, the location and usability of controls and displays needs to be as efficient as possible. Because of this, ease of interactivity between advanced and conventional controls and displays should employ a systems solution during initial phases of vehicle development to create a cohesive interactive system. Research findings presented in this discussion indicate that easy to see, reach and use onboard and third party technologies empower drivers to better manage core vehicle functions. Guidance to accomplish this is provided on p.8 in The Alliance of Automotive Manufacturers (The Alliance) [1] Statement of Principles, Criteria and Verification Procedures on Driver Interactions with Advanced In-Vehicle Information and Communication Systems. “In order not to create unnecessary obstacles or constraints to the innovative development of products, the Statement of Principles is expressed mainly in terms of performance based goals to be reached by the HMI. Consistent with this objective the system should be designed: To minimize adverse effects on driving safety; To enable the driver to maintain sufficient attention to the driving situation while using the system; and To minimize driver distraction and not to visually entertain the driver while driving.” Now that the automotive industry has been charged with this responsibility, what are the considerations required to use (or update) SAE driver workspace tools in order to implement the Alliance directives?
Smythe, Lawrence
General Motors Driving Simulator and Applications to Human Machine Interface (HMI) Development2010-01-10374/12/2010
This report describes a new driving simulator capability at General Motors (GM) Research and Development's (R&D) Vehicle Development Research (VDR) Laboratory and its application in an iterative HMI development process. The paper also provides an overview of three recent simulator usability tests supporting HMI development.
Bertollini, Gary, Brainer, Linda, Chestnut, Jacqueline A., Oja, Steven, Szczerba, Joseph
Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand ControlsJ1139_201003 (Current)3/1/2010
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to present design recommendations for the direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger vehicles, multipurpose vehicles, and trucks. These recommendations are based on recent and past human factors research and are important considerations in the design of control layouts.
Controls and Displays Standards Committee
Design Criteria—Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10 000 GVW and Under)J1138_200908 (Current)8/25/2009
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to describe design criteria pertaining to the location and labeling of hand controls, including embedded displays and controls when displayed, necessary to or frequently used during the operation of passenger cars, MPVs, and trucks 10 000 GVW and under designed for left-hand drive operation. The results of SAE human factors research have strongly influenced these recommendations, specifically in the area of driver reach, control-locating performance, and control location expectancies. Deviations from this recommended practice should be made only after careful study of the various SAE publications on these subjects. This document does not include hand-held devices such as remote controls or cellular phones.
Controls and Displays Standards Committee
Off-highway realitiesOFHAUG09_048/1/2009
Executive Viewpoints-Vehicle Development Insights from Industry: Off-Highway 2020 and Beyond- Off-highway realities. At Dana, we see a bright future for the off-highway industry all the way to 2020 and beyond due to the role we will play in key strategic industries. Over the next decade, the world will be focused on getting the most out of existing energy sources and developing alternatives, maximizing agricultural productivity, and bringing more environmentally friendly transportation options to market-goals that will become reality through the hard work of off-highway equipment. To take full advantage of the economic resurgence right around the corner, the off-highway industry will address market demand for more fuel-efficient vehicle designs and look for opportunities to nurture continued sales growth in countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Russia. But the real key to riding out the turbulence in our industry in the short-term and laying the foundation for long-term success is an unwavering focus on serving customers.
Franzosi, Pietro
US Consumer Attitudes toward Hybrids and Other Advanced Powertrain TechnologiesTP-AAB-2009_426/9/2009
Presentation of "US Consumer Attitudes toward Hybrids and Other Advanced Powertrain Technologies" for AABC 2009.
Miller, Scott
Development and Validation of Utility Matrix for Automotive Interiors in Real World Usage2009-26-00721/21/2009
As the real world usage profile of customers is becoming increasingly dynamic the need for more utility features in interior parts of vehicle has increased. The main purpose of the study is to analyze how the changing customer style actually influences the volume requirement of the utility spaces i.e. at the glove box, console door pocket etc. In the present study, an exhaustive list of utilities, and a utility matrix based on the user characteristics for automotive interiors is developed. Based on customer reviews on the web and expert opinions, seven user profiles were defined. The selection matrix is arrived at by using the usability index, accessibility index and the disbursement index. The matrix is evaluated using statistical methods and validated for real world usage. The selection matrix is used to identify relatively important utility features and preferred locations in automotive interior parts.
Rajamohan, B. K., Partha, Siddharth, Sathish Baba, S.
“Targeting Consumer Needs in the Perfect Storm: Changing the Automotive Lifestyle”2008-21-003810/20/2008
The intersection of changing lifestyles and evolving transportation needs finds smart USA well positioned for launch in 2008 during one of the most competitive periods in U.S. automotive history. In a zero sum market with new global entrants competing for single points of share, where quality levels have been redefined and fractions of points separate the best from the challengers, lifestyle awareness, innovation and product positioning become the differentiators. Simply adding features has left some with hefty investments and confused consumers. Bigger is not always better. More is not always desirable. The real opportunity for new entrants to the US market may be defined within niche markets where changing lifestyles allow for the emergence of new segments. Today, smart USA has surfaced as a clear example of right product, right place, right time. This paper will explore 1) historical factors of OEM market differentiation, 2) emerging changes in consumer habits and life styles in the US market, and 3) smart USA's ability to leverage and capitalize on those changes by introducing a vehicle with a clever balance of safety, comfort, styling, innovation, ecology, affordability and agility. Further exploration into non traditional consumer characteristics including attitude and an open mind vs. traditional measures of age, profession or gender will reinforce a new trend in product and feature positioning.
Pergament, Douglas S.
Flexible Digital Servo Drives Speed Machine Control DesignTBMG-978810/1/2008
Advances in digital hardware technology and software innovations now allow a single digital servo drive to be configured to work in a variety of machine control architectures.
Applying Design for Six Sigma to the Concept Development of an Automotive HMI2008-01-03534/14/2008
Six Sigma is a development methodology which emphasizes objective evaluations based on facts and measurements. However, for some problems the information is inherently subjective, with large individual variations. Also, in the early development phases, it may be difficult to define measurable metrics that correctly capture the important qualities. The vehicle HMI is a good example of such an application. In this paper, we present experiences of applying Design for Six Sigma methods to the early development phases of an automotive HMI. The focus of the paper is on how to handle uncertainties and vague subjective information.
Axelsson, Jakob
User Experience in the U.S. and Germany of In-Vehicle Touch Screens with Integrated Haptic and Auditory Feedback2007-01-04514/16/2007
Touch screens provide substantial benefits as a control and display system but still have some disadvantages. The availability of haptic (tactile) technology allows touch screens to function similarly to traditional mechanical controls. Two studies were undertaken to investigate the addition of haptic feedback as well as auditory feedback on user perceptions of the touch screen experience. The first study was conducted in a desktop setting and the second study was conducted with the touch screen integrated in a vehicle. In both studies, participants assessed four different types of feedback conditions: visual feedback only (V), auditory and visual feedback (AV), haptic and visual feedback (HV), and auditory, haptic, and visual feedback combined (AHV). The results of these studies support the claim that individuals strongly prefer touch screen implementations that incorporate haptic elements and also provide insights on regional differences in their perception.
Serafin, Colleen, Heers, Rainer, Tschirhart, Michael, Ullrich, Chris, Ramstein, Christophe
Shaping the Future of the Automotive User Experience: Design-for-Experience & the Last-Inch Problem2006-21-005010/16/2006
The communications and computing technologies underlying the future automotive user-experience are described in terms of what a typical consumer might see: built-in, beamed-in and brought-in services. A design-for-experience framework is proposed to translate desired experiences into underlying web-enabled services. To realize web-enabled services, the automobile needs to be defined as an information services platform, delivering communications and computing as services. Termed the last inch problem, the challenges associated with delivering this platform are outlined in the paper. Results from the development of engineering concepts and their application to demonstration vehicles are presented.
Prasad, K. Venkatesh
Optimum Customer Based Specification: Part of DFSS Case Study2005-01-12094/11/2005
Maximizing customer satisfaction is one key factor for marketing success. It is crucial to have engineering specifications reflecting customer expectations. This paper describes the strategy and methodologies used to generate optimum engineering specification in a case study. This study is part of the DFSS project, which focused on electrical delay time prior to engine crank.
Lin, Meily
Consumer Acceptance of Entrées Substituted with Texturized Soy Protein2003-01-26197/7/2003
Soybean (Glycine max) is a candidate crop that has been selected to be grown on long-duration planetary missions by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. The nutritive composition of the soybean is 38% protein, 18% oil (.5% lecithin), 15% soluble carbohydrates (sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, others), 15% insoluble carbohydrates (dietary fiber), and 14% moisture, ash, and other substances. Several reports have indicated the effects of soy-rich foods on the deterrence of estrogen-associated cancers, cardiovascular diseases, decrease of climacteric symptoms, and prevention of osteoporosis. In spite of its nutritive value, and seemingly popularity, direct consumer consumption of soy remains limited. The objective of this study was to determine consumer acceptability of selected traditional red meat or poultry entrees (tacos, stroganoff, sloppy joes, lasagna, chicken stew, meatballs, and hamburgers) substituted with texturized soy protein. For an overall consumer acceptance of the entrées, untrained consumers used a 9-point hedonic scale (9 = like extremely; 5 = neither like nor dislike; and 1 = dislike extremely) to evaluate the acceptability of the products. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences among products. Results indicated no significant differences (P<0.05) in consumer acceptance of the tacos, stroganoff, sloppy joes, chicken stew, meatballs, and hamburgers substituted with texturized soy protein (TSP) and controls. There were significant differences (P>0.05), however in consumers' acceptance for the lasagna. Products substituted with TSP are being recommended to NASA's ALS program for inclusion in a vegetarian menu plan designed for lunar/Mars space missions and consumers here on earth.
Bromfield, Elaine M., Pace, Ralphenia D., Bovell-Benjamin, Adelia
Development of a Haptic Braking System as an ACC Vehicle FCW Measure2002-01-16015/7/2002
This work examines the development and implementation of a pulsing brake control system as part of a Forward Collision Warning (FCW) System for an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) prototype vehicle. The brake pulse is a likely candidate to be employed with visual and auditory cues in the event of an imminent collision alert level when the driver is not in ACC mode.
Riley, Bryan, Kuo, George, Nethercutt, Todd, Shipp, Kevin, Smith, Matthew
Understanding Psychoacoustic Parameters2001-01-39433/5/2001
This work explains the quantification of mechanisms and effects related to the sensations caused by sound pressures on our hearing system. Some already classic parameters like loudness, specific loudness, sharpness, specific sharpness, fluctuation strength and roughness are discussed in terms of their calculation and characteristics. Data acquisition hardware and software for the investigation of this kind of phenomena is overviewed. Practical cases are shown and discussed.
Pinto, Fernando Castro, de Jesus, Gilberto Fuchs, de Mattos, Igor Antunes
TM Design of the Truck Productivity Computer ™ from the Driver's Perspective2000-01-341112/4/2000
Communication is vital to the successful delivery of freight. A product that uses the latest communications technology, and makes that technology easily accessible to a driver would be a great benefit to the trucking industry. This paper focuses on the iterative design process of such a product called the Truck Productivity Computer™ (TruckPC). The TruckPC is a combination of an audio system, which includes radio, CD and weather, and an open platform communications and computing system. This paper discusses the driver-centered design process that was used in the development of both software and hardware interfaces. Topics discussed include the human factors guidelines that provided a basis for early design values and testing that concerned the design of the user input modes (buttons, knobs, speech recognition) and output modes (display, division of information on the display, text-to-speech synthesis). Specific examples illustrate how software applications are programmed to create a consistent user interface. Driver preferences are also discussed.
Powell, Jared A., Wreggit, Steven S., Kirn, Chris L., Hayes, Elizabeth
Applying Driving Simulation to Quantify Steering Effort Preference as a Function of Vehicle Speed1999-01-03943/1/1999
This paper describes a study to determine how steering wheel effort preference changes with vehicle speed for average drivers. These results confirm previously published data indicating drivers prefer increased steering efforts at higher vehicle speeds and extends previous work by providing a more reliable preference function. For comparison, we include similar preference data from two separate field studies as well as pilot results obtained using the General Motors Corporation (GM) driving simulator. The preference study was performed using the Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute (VTI) driving simulator. The VTI simulator allowed the inclusion of a motion/no-motion test condition to provide some insight regarding the use of low to medium range driving simulators for similar follow-up work. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using driving simulators to obtain customer-based vehicle design requirements for steering feel preferences. Our experience was that the driving simulator provided a more consistent experimental environment than real world road testing and the ability to investigate hardware designs that do not yet exist in the real world. It also provided an overall faster than real world testing environment that was safer and more convenient for the subjects and experimenter. The paper discusses these advantages as well as the limitations of using driving simulators for this type of investigation.
Bertollini, Gary P., Hogan, Robert M.
Passive Learning; Putting Simplicity Back Into Driving9519588/1/1995
The future of automotive transportation is very promising with many exciting systems and features designed to enhance customer comfort, convenience and safety. That technology will be meaningless if it is not designed to be readily accepted and easily understood by the customer. A passive system that quietly and unobtrusively “learns” driver tendencies and preferences and uses that knowledge to adjust various vehicle systems will minimize customer apprehension about new technology and increase it's acceptance and usage. Future transportation technology must be designed to adapt to each customer's expectations and abilities or we are apt to receive messages like ..... Disc Error On Driver One!
Doble, Michael E.
Development of a Telemedicine Workstation to Support NASA Medical Operations9516147/1/1995
NASA flight surgeons have routinely relied on telemedicine to augment inflight medical care since the Gemini program. The current telemedicine capability aboard the Space Shuttle is limited to two-way voice communication, one-way video, and telemetry of ECG and spacecraft parameters. This capability has been sufficient to manage the routine minor medical problems that have occurred in-flight, but long-duration Space Shuttle and International Space Station missions are likely to be accompanied by more serious medical contingencies. In the event of emergent crew health problems, NASA flight surgeons will require an improved capability to provide a rapid, accurate assessment of an ill or injured crewmember. Onboard systems will supply flight surgeons and medical specialty consultants with real-time voice communication, medical video, and data. The NASA Medical Operations Branch, in its effort to develop a complete telemedicine system, is developing a telemedicine workstation to enable the flight surgeons in the Mission Control Center to effectively manage this flow of information. This paper describes the preliminary design of a telemedicine workstation that will facilitate information management and telemedical examinations from space.
Armstrong, Cheryl W., Simmons, Scott C.
An Overview of the DRI Driving Simulator9501732/1/1995
A simulator intended for driver/vehicle applied research and driver behavior studies is described. Designed and developed by Dynamic Research, Inc. in Torrance, CA, it features a 180 deg forward field of view, an animated graphics roadway scene, modular vehicle dynamics models, instrumented cabs with steering control loaders and aural cueing, an electrohydraulic hexapod motion base with ±2 ft of stroke in each leg, and system operation and data acquisition functions. Automobile and motorcycle cabs are available. Studies to date have considered steering and pedal controls layout, high speed brake in turn, and driver workload related to the use of an in-dash navigation and route guidance system.
Weir, David H., Bourne, Simon M.
Cost Effective Molded Polyurethane Foam for Automotive Acoustical Carpet Underlay and Dash Insulators9407003/1/1994
NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) control is receiving increased attention in the automotive industry, as the automotive engineers seek new ways to improve vehicle quality and customer satisfaction. Significant advances in cast (molded) Polyurethane foam for automotive acoustical applications are increasing the cost competitiveness of this technology against more traditional sound deadening media, such as polyurethane slabstock foam (for dash insulators) and die-cut or molded resinated polyester waste fibers (“shoddy pads”) for carpet underlay. This paper details these continuous improvements, which include density reduction without the use of any Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents from 5.0 pcf to 3.0 pcf, and demold time reduction from 5.0 minutes to 2.0 minutes for cycle time (productivity) improvements. While these advantages pertain to economics, advancing technology has also resulted in cast polyurethane systems meeting increasingly stringent physical property requirements, including heat and humid aged tensile strength, fogging and mildew resistance, without compromising acoustical performance. The economic impact of these developments will enable the automotive NVH engineering/design community to expand the use of cast acoustical polyurethane foam to a greater number of North American-built vehicles.
MacFarland, David R.
Assessing the Acceptability of IVHS: Some Preliminary Results91281110/1/1991
While much of the current research on Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) focuses on its technological aspects and economic benefits, little consideration is being given to the potential non-economic benefits of IVHS to individuals and society and the related issue of acceptability of the system among various user groups. Three stages of research dealing with the non-economic benefits of IVHS and user acceptance are discussed. Next, the results of a recently completed survey exploring these topics are reviewed. Survey findings cover the potential usefulness of various traffic advisories and the willingness of drivers to pay for them. Sentiments of drivers experiencing varying degrees of traffic congestion and stress in their commuting are considered as are feelings about IVHS as a solution to traffic congestion. Finally, implications of findings and directions for future research on user acceptance and non-economic benefits are discussed.
Marans, Robert W., Yoakam, Cyrus
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