Browse Topic: Anthropometrics

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Addressing Seat Belt Discomfort Among Indian Female Driving Population Through Anthropometric Data Collection and Simulation2026-26-00161/16/2026
The rate of female drivers in India is increasing alongside the rapid growth of the Indian automotive industry. A driving comfort survey conducted among female drivers revealed that many experiences dis-comfort when wearing seat belts—whether while driving or as front-seat passengers. This discomfort is primarily due to a phenomenon referred to as “neck cutting.” The root cause of neck cutting is likely related to vehicle design, which is traditionally based on Anthropometric Test Devices (ATD’s) representing the 50th percentile of the global population. However, a literature review indicated that the anthropometric dimensions of the Indian populations are generally smaller than those of the global for the respective candidate. This highlighted the need to collect region-specific anthropometric data for India. During this research work, Indian anthropometric data was collected through the Size India 2.0 project, covering a wide demographic region across India. This study was in
Kulkarni, Nachiket, Chitodkar, Vivek V, Eknath Chopade, Santosh, Yamgar, Babasaheb S, Mahajan, Rahul
GEOMETRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CURTAIN AIRBAG COVERAGE IN INDIAN PASSENGER VEHICLES2026-26-00211/16/2026
Worldwide accident statistics for passenger vehicles indicate that the number of pole side impacts usually constitute a small percentage of total accident numbers. However, the rate of fatalities in narrow object side impacts is usually the highest due to direct exposure of head with the pole/narrow objects. Curtain airbags are the most effective protective systems to prevent severe/fatal head injuries in side collisions with narrow objects such as poles or trees. One of the important parameter of curtain airbags is the inflated zone of the airbag, which decides the possibility of head exposure for occupants with different anthropometries with narrow objects. To address this issue, EuroNCAP first introduced the concept of Head Protection Device Assessment (HPDA) in 2015, which in addition to the performance requirements in dynamic test, assesses the deployed curtain airbag for its area coverage and inflated zones for various anthropometries over occupant rows. With introduction of
Jaju, Divyan, Kulkarni, Dileep, Mahajan, Rahul
Analysis of Road Accident Statistics for Females in India and Gaps in Safety Regulations2026-26-00201/16/2026
This paper investigates the current state of road safety for female occupants in India, with a particular focus on road accident statistics and the gaps in safety regulations. According to the Road Accident in India 2022 report by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), female occupants constitute 16% of passenger car fatalities. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 525 passenger car accidents involving at least one female occupant from the Road Accident Sampling System – India (RASSI), this study evaluates the severity and patterns of injuries sustained by female drivers and passengers. The analysis identifies critical shortcomings in existing safety measures, particularly in addressing anatomical disparities and male-centric safety designs. Gender-disaggregated injury trends reveal heightened vulnerabilities for women in crash scenarios, including disproportionate risks to the chest, neck, and pelvis. Current regulatory frameworks rely on crash test dummies developed on
Ayyagari, Chandrashekhar, G, Santhosh Kumar, Rao, Guruprakash
J07212025-02J07212025-ALT_EXTERNAL_ID-02_202507 (Current)7/21/2025
J07212025-02
Automotive Electronic Systems Reliability Standards
An Uncertainty Propagation Approach to Collective Bounce Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings AnalysisF-0080-2024-13215/7/2024
In the context of Rotorcraft Pilot Couplings, the biomechanics of the pilot body play a fundamental role in determining the stability of the pilot-vehicle closed loop system. The response of the pilot body is, in turn, inherently stochastic, being a function of pilot biometrics and muscular activation. Coupling the statistical distribution of pilot biomechanical behavior determined in specialized experimental campaign with linear models of the helicopter heave dynamics, an uncertainty propagation procedure is developed, with the aim of estimating the statistical distribution of the stability margins of the closed loop pilot-vehicle system. Results obtained varying the collective lever characteristics, as well as the helicopter model parameters, align well with results obtained previously in deterministic settings. However, the new scheme allows to define quantitative robustness indices.
Zanoni, Andrea, Masarati, Pierangelo, Colombo, Francesca, Zilletti, Michele, Marchesoli, Davide, Talamo, Carmen, Cassoni, Gianni
Study and analysis of dynamic seat pressure distribution by human subjects during vehicle running state on test tracks2024-26-03541/16/2024
The purpose of this study is to conduct dynamic seat pressure mapping on vehicle seats during its operation on different test tracks under ambient environmental conditions for a defined speed. The test track comprises of pave roads, high frequency track, low frequency track and twist track. The variations in pressure distribution on seat during diverse road load inputs help to understand the seat cushion and back comfort for unique percentiles of human subjects ranging from 50th to 95th percentile population. For conducting the study, a sport utility vehicle (SUV) loaded with leatherette seats has chosen. Totally six participants (human subjects), five male and one female selected for the study based on their BMI (Body mass index) and body morphology. Pressure mats suitable for taking dynamic load inputs and able to log the data at a defined sampling rate mounted on seats and secured properly. The pressure mats should cover the seat cushion, bolster areas and back seat completely. The
Arthanathan, Sankaranarayanan
Prediction of Involuntary Knee Engagement on Dashboard Controls to Prevent Potential Accidents for Drivers in Passenger Cars2024-26-00101/16/2024
Ergonomics plays an important role in safety, comfort and convenience of occupants in passenger cars. Customers come in different anthropometry; have different preferences and exhibit different seating behaviors while driving a car. Integration of dashboard and in the vehicle has become a challenging task with sophisticated interior styling themes aimed at satisfying the increasing customer demands. The dashboard design is becoming more futuristic, leading to complex integration of parts in the cockpit area. This has a deteriorating effect on the driver knee clearance. In general, the postures of drivers are within a presumable range of prediction. However, there exists 'out-of-customary' behaviors while driving a vehicle. Drivers tend to sit in a slouched posture and this leads to an involuntary knee engagement on the dashboard, which has many switches and controls. This could lead to activation of any switches on dashboard including critical controls like EPB (Electronic Parking
Rajakumaran, Sriram, Devan, Rohan Maruti, MANEKAR, RAHUL, BABALESHWAR, VINOD, KUNNANATH, JASAR
Study on Influencing Factors of Hippocampal Injury in Closed Head Impact Experiments of Rats Using Orthogonal Experimental Design Method2023-01-00014/11/2023
The hippocampus plays a crucial role in brain function and is one of the important areas of concern in closed head injury. Hippocampal injury is related to a variety of factors including the strength of mechanical load, animal age, and helmet material. To investigate the order of these factors on hippocampal injury, a three-factor, three-level experimental protocol was established using the L(3) orthogonal table. A closed head injury experiment regarding impact strength (0.3MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa), rat age (eight- week-old, ten-week-old, twelve-week-old), and helmet material (steel, plastic, rubber) were achieved by striking the rat's head with a pneumatic-driven impactor. The number of hippocampal CA3 cells was used as an evaluation indicator. The contribution of factors to the indicators and the confidence level were obtained by analysis of variance. The results showed that impact strength was the main factor affecting hippocampal injury (contribution of 89.2%, confidence level 0.01
Wang, Peng, Song, Xuewei, Zhu, Xiyan, Qiu, Jinlong, Yang, Shuaijun, Zhao, Hui
Medical Packaging: Automation of Thermoforming ProcessesTBMG-464619/1/2022
The medical packaging market has quickly embraced the use of automation for the thermoforming process. Automation has enabled adherence to stringent quality requirements and has addressed the need for high levels of repeatability. Automation has also facilitated higher and more predictable throughput.
Surface Mount Technology for PCB Assembly Use Case and SMT in Healthcare SystemsTBMG-464589/1/2022
Surface mount technology (SMT) is widely accepted as the ideal process for electronic products that are compact, lightweight, and high speed. Both through-hole and surface mount assembly techniques have their own merits and demerits. To understand the wide usage of SMT in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, this article discusses the SMT process, benefits of SMT assembly, major differences compared with the through-hole technology (THT) method, and suitable applications in the electronics industry.
Risk Management for Cybersecure Networked Medical DevicesTBMG-464609/1/2022
For developers and manufacturers of networked medical devices, IT security is increasingly becoming a challenge. While the number of cyber threats is growing significantly, companies often lack experience and clear guidelines for medical security. A comprehensive and complete security risk management plan helps to meet existing requirements in the best possible way and helps develop efficient countermeasures.
Ultrathin Pressure Sensor Attaches to SkinTBMG-464929/1/2022
Researchers have developed an ultrathin pressure sensor that can be attached directly to the skin to measure how fingers interact with objects to produce useful data for medical and technological applications. The sensor has minimal effect on the users’ sensitivity and ability to grip objects and it is resistant to disruption from rubbing.
Why Cleanroom Assembly of Plastic Medical and Electronic Devices Requires Ultrasonic Welding TechnologyTBMG-464649/1/2022
For years, ultrasonic welding has been used in cleanrooms where plastic components are assembled to complete medical and electronic devices. That is unlikely to change. What is changing, however —rapidly — is the sophistication and complexity of these products and the level of precision and quality required to complete their assembly.
Researchers Develop Rapid Lab-on-a-Chip for Cancer, COVID DiagnosticsTBMG-464629/1/2022
A research center based at the University of Kansas that develops rapid next-generation tests for a host of human ailments like cancer, stroke, and COVID-19 recently earned $6.6 million in continued funding over the next five years from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as a National Biotechnology Resource (P41) Center.
Applying Forensic Cost Analysis Methods to Medical DevicesTBMG-465608/1/2022
Forensic cost analysis methods have already gained traction in the automotive industry, which has long recognized the value of determining an accurate cost of components and assemblies based on realistic labor and materials costs, as well as the physics of manufacturing processes. What you might not know is that the lessons learned from automotive costing easily transfer to medical products, devices, and equipment.
Designing Lenses for Near-Infrared and Fluorescence EndoscopyTBMG-459386/1/2022
Fluorescence endoscopy is becoming increasingly important in many medical diagnostic tests. Based on the molecular absorption of light, this technique works by revealing tissue abnormalities that are hidden from view under normal white light. Already, fluorescence endoscopy can improve the endoscopic detection of nonvisible malignant lesions or tumors, for example.
Wireless Smart Contact Lenses Detect DiseaseTBMG-455424/1/2022
Having diabetes means a lifelong obligation of insulin shots and monitoring of blood glucose levels. But a team of researchers has developed a way to control the secretion of insulin just by wearing contact lenses.
Sensors Integrated in Clothing Monitor Heart RateTBMG-455334/1/2022
Stretchable, bendable “smart” textiles are poised to reshape clothes of all kinds, creating new opportunities for integrating advanced monitoring technologies into everyday items. Researchers are applying neuroscience and psychophysiology to build responsive technologies like those integrated in smart textiles. They found that wearable sensor systems don't seem to perform as well in monitoring heart rates as traditional electrodes.
SintzUSER, Jeneane
Developing a Customized Glucometer Using GreenPAKTBMG-397699/1/2021
Glucometers play an important role in managing a diabetic patient’s health issues. Typically, the patient inserts a disposable test strip into the meter, pricks their finger, loads a droplet of blood onto the test strip, waits a couple of seconds, and then receives a reading of the current blood glucose level.
UV Sensors for Wearables Are Flexible, SensitiveTBMG-397709/1/2021
To enable the development of wearable devices that possess advanced ultraviolet (UV) detection functions, scientists have created a new type of light sensor that is both flexible and highly sensitive. A wearable device, such as a T-shirt or watch that monitors the actual personal UV exposure throughout the day, would be a useful and more accurate guide for people seeking to avoid sun damage.
Achieving High Marks for Medical Device Makers: Ultrashort Pulse LasersTBMG-397659/1/2021
Reliability is vital for medical device manufacturers. To accommodate such high levels of dependability, device makers use quality process control and before-market and after-market traceability to ensure the highest level of integrity and compliance for their devices and instruments. This article addresses the challenging medical device marking concerns for device makers and shows how ultrashort pulse laser marking systems can solve this critical issue.
FPGA Technology for High-Speed Medical Image ProcessingTBMG-397689/1/2021
Detecting breast cancer early and minimizing false positives can make a critical difference in women’s healthcare. Through better detection, digital mammography can significantly improve radiology outcomes.
Highly Accurate Test Quantifies Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2TBMG-397639/1/2021
Scientists have developed a rapid, highly accurate test to detect antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum, opening a new avenue for understanding the full extent of the pandemic and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines.
Tiny Wireless Device Illuminates Neuron Activity in the BrainTBMG-397629/1/2021
Researchers are creating new tools for a method called optogenetics, which shines light at specific neurons in the brain to excite or suppress activity. Optogenetics experiments are aimed at increasing understanding of how the brain works, allowing scientists to develop and test potential cures for illnesses such as neurodegenerative diseases.
Coating Releases Antimicrobial PeptidesTBMG-397729/1/2021
In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created a coating that can be applied to endotracheal tubes and release antimicrobial peptides that target infectious bacteria with specificity. The innovation could reduce upper-airway bacterial inflammation during intubation, a situation that can lead to chronic inflammation and a condition called subglottic stenosis, the narrowing of the airway by an accumulation of scar tissue.
Inside Story: Watson-Marlow Fluid Technology GroupTBMG-397588/24/2021
For surgical procedures requiring irrigation, pumps are one of the more significant medical device components, and pump selection is paramount to operational success. Watson-Marlow Fluid Technology Group (WMFTG) specializes in fluid management, offering over 60 years’ experience in high-quality components for medical devices. MDB spoke to Rodd Turnquist, National Sales Manager US, OEM Division, WMFTG, to find out more about selecting the best pumps for medical devices and accelerating time to market.
Wearable, All-in-One Health MonitorTBMG-395858/1/2021
Engineers developed a soft, stretchy skin patch that can be worn on the neck to continuously track blood pressure and heart rate while measuring the wearer’s levels of glucose as well as lactate, alcohol, or caffeine. It is the first wearable device that monitors cardiovascular signals and multiple biochemical levels in the human body at the same time.
Machine Learning Helps Detect Gait Problems in Multiple Sclerosis PatientsTBMG-395798/1/2021
Monitoring the progression of multiple sclerosis-related gait issues can be challenging in adults over 50 years old, requiring a clinician to differentiate between problems related to MS and other age-related issues. To address this problem, researchers integrated gait data and machine learning to advance the tools used to monitor and predict disease progression.
Wearable Device Captures Cancer Cells from BloodTBMG-396188/1/2021
Tumors can release more than 1,000 cancer cells into the bloodstream in a single minute. Current methods of capturing cancer cells from blood rely on samples from the patient — usually no more than a tablespoon taken in a single draw. Some blood draws come back with no cancer cells, even in patients with advanced cancer, and a typical sample contains no more than 10 cancer cells.
Nearly Pain-Free Microneedle PatchTBMG-396108/1/2021
Doctors often use blood samples to check for biomarkers of disease such as antibodies or cytokines indicative of inflammation seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Los Angeles World Airports Innovating the Passenger Experience131537/8/2021
The airline industry is gradually emerging from a devastating hit as the world rebounds from the shut downs caused by COVID-19. On the path back to "normal," digitization, innovation and sustainability are transforming the travel experience. Justin Erbacci, CEO, Los Angeles World Airports, is doing his part to revolutionize the airport experience through biometrics, food and beverage delivery to the gate, and FlyAway bus service at @LAXAirport - and that's just the beginning! Tune in to hear how Erbacci and his team are propelling LAX into the future and setting the tone in the industry.
Hineman, Marcie
Anthropometric Accommodation and Ergonomics in the MH-60S NextGen Gunners SeatF-0077-2021-167495/10/2021
ABSTRACT
Basham, Lori, Blankenship,  Justin, Koch,  Andrew
New Flexible and Highly Reliable SensorTBMG-386433/1/2021
Real-time health monitoring and sensing abilities of robots require soft electronics, but a challenge of using such materials lies in their reliability. Being elastic and pliable makes their performance less repeatable. The variation in reliability is known as hysteresis. Guided by the theory of contact mechanics, a team of researchers from NUS came up with a new sensor material that has significantly less hysteresis. This ability enables more accurate wearable health technology and robotic sensing.
Painless Paper Patch Test for Glucose Levels Uses MicroneedlesTBMG-386413/1/2021
Patches seem to be all the rage these days. There are birth control patches, nicotine patches, and transdermal medicinal patches, just to name a few. Now, a team of researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, have developed a patch of needles connected to a paper sensor for diagnosing conditions such as prediabetes. Luckily, this patch doesn't multiply the pain and discomfort of a single hypodermic needle. In fact, these microneedles are painless and biodegradable.
Six Tips for Ensuring Precise Compact Distance MeasurementsTBMG-385632/1/2021
In recent years, more and more compact linear distance measuring systems are being demanded by designers to fit into smaller and smaller footprint medical devices. In addition to fit, of course, the designed-in system must deliver to OEM manufacturers — and their ultimate customers — the high precision, quality, and repeatability requirements of the specific medical device.
Sensors for ‘Smart’ Wound Bandage Track Healing, Immune ResponseTBMG-385542/1/2021
Researchers from Skoltech and the University of Texas at Austin have presented a proof-of-concept for a wearable sensor that can track healing in sores, ulcers, and other kinds of chronic skin wounds, even without the need to remove the bandages. The paper was published in the journal ACS Sensors.
Respirator 2.0: New N95-Alternative Introduces Sensors for a Better FitTBMG-385602/1/2021
Investigators from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been working to design a better, reusable respirator that could serve as an alternative to an N95 respirator. In the latest iteration of their work, they have introduced sensors to inform the user if the respirator is on properly and whether the filters are becoming saturated. The team tested the respirator, known as the transparent, elastomeric, adaptable, long-lasting (TEAL) respirator, at the Brigham and at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and reports a 100 percent success rate for fit testing among 40 participants, with feedback demonstrating exceptional fit, breathability, and filter exchange. Results are published in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.
Improved Polymer Electrode for Electronic SkinTBMG-385612/1/2021
Scientists have improved electrical conductivity in a polymer electrode for e-skin applications. Their approach is simple and cheap, but further enhancements are needed for the polymer to become a viable alternative to more expensive gold electrodes.
Understanding Safety for Specialty Pumps in Medical Device ManufacturingTBMG-385562/1/2021
In medical device manufacturing, potentially flammable and hazardous chemicals such as acetone and isopropyl alcohol are often stored in 55-gal or larger drums for dispensing into smaller containers or at the point of use.
Platform Monitors Gut MicrobiomeTBMG-385532/1/2021
Scientists are developing a platform that can monitor and model the real-time processing of gut microbiome serotonin activity. Their goal is to one day package the platform into an ingestible capsule capable of detecting, treating, and monitoring GBA diseases. The platform provides access to the specific site of serotonin production, important because serotonin is secreted from the bottoms of cells. An innovative porous membrane with an integrated serotonin sensor on which a model of the gut lining can be grown allowed researchers to access both top and bottom sides of the cell culture.
Handheld Device Measures Cancer BiomarkersTBMG-383421/1/2021
Researchers have created the prototype for a handheld device to measure a biomarker for cancer. The device works much like the monitors that people with diabetes use to test their blood-sugar levels and could be used in a medical clinic or at home, all without lab work, greatly simplifying the process for testing blood for cancer’s signature.
Scientists Propose Laser Scalpel with a ‘Curved’ BladeTBMG-383111/1/2021
Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University and Saratov State University teamed up with colleagues from Taiwan and proposed to make a laser “blade” for a medical scalpel with a specified curved shape using a photonic “hook.” Currently there are laser scalpels only with an axisymmetric focus area, i.e., with a cylindrical blade. According to scientists, changing the shape of the blade will expand the possibilities of using the laser in medicine, while it is about two times thinner than the cylindrical option. The concept and its rationale are published in the Journal of Biophotonics.
5 Ws of the SoundWatchTBMG-383471/1/2021
Deaf and hard-of-hearing people can use SoundWatch to experience sounds that require an action, such as a beeping microwave or ambulance siren, or to enhance experiences such as hearing a bird chirp or a waterfall sound.
Products of Tomorrow: January 2021TBMG-383441/1/2021
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Handheld Device Diagnoses Skin CancerTBMG-383501/1/2021
To detect skin cancer, dermatologists rely on magnifying glasses to examine suspicious blemishes and scalpels to cut tissue for analysis. With up to more than 70 percent of biopsies coming back negative, millions of healthy patients undergo painful, costly, and unnecessary procedures.
Pill-Sized Heating Device for Diagnostic TestingTBMG-383511/1/2021
Engineers have developed a heater — about the size of a pill tablet — that regulates the temperature of biological samples through the different stages of diagnostic testing. This technology could enable resource-limited regions around the world to test for infectious diseases without the need for specialized training or costly lab equipment.
Easier Printing of Circuitry on Wearable FabricsTBMG-383271/1/2021
Electronic shirts that keep the wearer comfortably warm or cool, as well as medical fabrics that deliver drugs, monitor the condition of a wound, and perform other tasks, may one day be manufactured more efficiently thanks to a key advance in ink.
Contact Lenses for Diagnostic and Therapeutic UseTBMG-383231/1/2021
The ability to collect tears in an effective way and to measure their pH and levels of biomarkers in real time is highly desirable. One approach that is actively being explored is the idea of contact lens biosensors. Such contact lenses could be designed to include tiny channels on their surfaces for guiding the flow of tears into tiny reservoirs for collection and monitoring.
New Regulations, New Timelines: How Chemistry Changed in Response to ISO 10993-18:2020TBMG-383191/1/2021
Regulatory expectations are always evolving to enhance medical device safety, and the publication of ISO 1099318:2020 (part 18) demonstrates the importance of staying up to date on the regulatory landscape. Understanding what part 18 means for device material identification expectations and chemical characterization studies is crucial for a successful submission and, ultimately, a product’s overall life cycle. Furthermore, a firm grasp on the requirements can influence how manufacturers approach timelines and budgets, saving them time and money down the road.
Inexpensive Method Decontaminates Personal Protective EquipmentTBMG-383621/1/2021
Supply-chain problems stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic caused limited supplies of filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 masks. Yet strategies to decontaminate personal protective equipment (PPE) remain unresolved in many hospitals with limited resources, both in the United States and abroad.
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