This SAE Standard defines the limits for a classification of engine lubricating oils in rheological terms only. Other oil characteristics are not considered or included.

Fuels and Lubricants TC 1 Engine Lubrication

Measurement of the Total Ash Content of Aviation Piston Engine Oils by a Calculation Method

J1787_202009-TEST-REC (Historical)09/29/2020

E-38 Aviation Piston Engine Fuels and Lubricants

Measurement of the Total Ash Content of Aviation Piston Engine Oils by a Calculation Method

J1787_202009 (Current)

09/29/2020

E-38 Aviation Piston Engine Fuels and Lubricants

Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace Cleaners

AMS7201-TEST-REC (Historical)07/14/2020

This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.

AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee

Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace Cleaners

AMS7201 (Current)

07/14/2020

AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee

Lightweight Plastic Engine Oil Pump

2020-01-023304/14/2020

An oil pump is an important component of the automotive powertrain, which can potentially help improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This can be achieved not only through a lightweight design, but also through an increase in engine efficiency by drawing the optimal amount of energy for its operation. This paper discusses the engineering design and development of a plastic automotive engine oil pump as an alternative to current metal oil pumps. Detailed component design features to ensure the working of the plastic pump under harsh chemical, temperature and vibration environment are discussed. The proposed design integrates several parts and uses unique plastic design elements to improve upon current metal design. Innovative joining methods and assembly sequencing are implemented to maintain pump efficiency and functional precision. Use of self-lubricating plastics to increase engine efficiency by reducing wear between moving parts is explored. Data and

Mohapatra, Subhransu Sekhar, P, Arunachala, Janiwarad, Raghavendra, Ramasagaram, Ashwin Kumar, Chang, Fred

Impact of Engine Oil Detergent on Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) and Fuel Economy Performance

2020-01-142404/14/2020

Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI), also referred to as Stochastic Pre-Ignition (SPI), Superknock or Megaknock is an undesirable combustion phenomenon that limits the fuel economy, drivability, emissions and durability performance of modern turbocharged gasoline engines. Numerous studies have previously reported that the frequency of LSPI is sensitive to engine oil composition. One of these drivers is the concentration of Calcium, which is usually delivered in the form of a detergent in the additive package. Switching to completely all-Magnesium detergent and/or severely limiting the concentration of Ca in the engine oil have recently been proposed as potential means to reduce LSPI. In this work, we evaluate the impact of detergent type on LSPI performance as well as on other performance that the modern engine oil needs to deliver. Particularly the impact of detergent type on Fuel Economy performance is evaluated. To ensure a rigorous and high precision measurement of the impact of engine

Gupta, Ashutosh, Devlin, Mark

Studying Ignition Delay Time of Lubricant Oil Mixed with Alcohols, Water and Toluene in IQT and CVCC

2020-01-142204/14/2020

The auto-ignition of liquid fuel and lubricant oil droplets is considered as one of the possible sources of pre-ignition. Researchers are continually finding new ways to form advanced lubricant oil by changing its composition and varying different oil additives to prevent the occurrence of this event. This study investigates additives for lubricants to suppress its auto-ignition tendency. Three sets of mixtures were prepared. The first set of mixtures were prepared by adding different alcohols namely ethanol, and methanol to the commercial lubricant oil (SAE 15W-40) in ratio of 1 - 5 % by vol The second set of mixtures were prepared by mixing SAE 15W-40 with aforementioned alcohols (1 % vol.) and H2O (1 % vol.). Lastly, the third set of mixtures were prepared by adding toluene to SAE 15W-40 in (1 % - 5% by vol.). Two experimental setups were used in the current work. An Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) was used to investigate the mixtures’ ignition delay time (IDT) following standard ASTM

Maharjan, Sumit, Elbaz, Ayman, Mitsudharmadi, Hatsari, Roberts, William

Role of Lubricating Oil Properties in Exhaust Particle Emissions of an Off-Road Diesel Engine

2020-01-038604/14/2020

Particle number emissions from an off-road diesel engine without exhaust after-treatment were studied by using five different heavy-duty lubricating oils in the engine. The study extends understanding on how the properties of lubricating oil affect the nanoparticle emissions from an off-road diesel engine. The lubricants were selected among the performance classes of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, at least one lubricant from each category intended for heavy-duty diesel engines. Particle size distributions were measured by the means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), but soot emissions, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined. During the non-road steady state cycle, the most of the differences were detected at the particle size range of 6-15 nm. In most cases, the lowest particle quantities were emitted when the highest performance category lubricant was used. Based on the results of this study, the low contents of Zn, P, and

Ovaska, Teemu, Niemi, Seppo, Sirviö, Katriina, Nilsson, Olav, Karjalainen, Panu, Rönkkö, Topi, Kulmala, Kari, Keskinen, Jorma

Characteristics of Auto-Ignition for Lubricants and Lubricant/Gasoline Based on an Innovative Single Droplet Test System

2020-01-142804/14/2020

Due to the advantages of low weight, low emissions and good fuel economy, downsized turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are widely-applied nowadays. However, Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) phenomenon observed in these engines restricts their improvement of performance. Some researchers have shown that auto-ignition of lubricant in the combustion chamber has a great effect on the LSPI frequency. To study the auto-ignition characteristics of lubricant, an innovative single droplet auto-ignition test system for lubricant and its mixture is designed and developed, with better accuracy and effectiveness. The experiments are carried out by hanging lubricant droplets on the thermocouple node under active thermo-atmosphere provided by a small “Dibble burner”. The auto-ignition process of lubricant droplets is recorded by a high-speed camera. Influences of different base oil types, viscosities, calcium contents, initial droplet diameters, co-flow speeds, new oil, used oil and

Yu, Yang, Pan, Kaifeng, Deng, Jun, Hu, Zongjie, Xie, Wei, Wu, Zhijun, Li, Liguang

Development of JASO GLV-1 0W-8 Low Viscosity Engine Oil for Improving Fuel Efficiency considering Oil Consumption and Engine Wear Performance

2020-01-142304/14/2020

Engine oil with viscosity lower than 0W-16 has been needed for improving fuel efficiency in the Japanese market. However, lower viscosity oil generally has negative aspects with regard to oil consumption and anti-wear performance. The technical challenges are to reduce viscosity while keeping anti-wear performance and volatility level the same as 0W-20 oil. They have been solved in developing a new engine oil by focusing on the molybdenum dithiocarbamate friction modifier and base oil properties. This paper describes the new oil that supports good fuel efficiency while reliably maintaining other necessary performance attributes.

Okuda, Sachiko, Saito, Hiroki, Nakano, Seiichi, Koike, Yusuke, Sagawa, Takumaru, Kawamura, Satoshi, Yoshida, Keisuke

Detailed Analyses and Correlation of Fuel Effects on Stochastic Preignition

2020-01-061204/14/2020

Stochastic or Low-Speed Preignition (SPI or LSPI) is an undesirable abnormal combustion phenomenon encountered in forced induction, direct injection, spark-ignition engines. It is characterized by very early heat release and high cylinder pressure and can cause knock, noise and ultimately engine damage. Much of the focus on mitigating SPI has been directed towards the engine oil formulation, leading to the emergence of the Sequence IX and second-generation GM dexos® oil requirements. Engine design, calibration and fuels all contribute to the prevalence of SPI. As part of a recently completed research consortium, a series of engine tests were completed to determine the impact of fuel composition on SPI frequency. Abnormal combustion events were identified by both high cylinder pressure and early heat release. The fuel blends had varying levels of paraffins, olefins, aromatics and ethanol. Engine tests were performed on a 2-litre turbocharged, direct-injection spark-ignition engine and

Swarts, Andre, Chapman, Elana, Costanzo, Vincent

Utilization of bench testing in vehicle thermal system development for extreme cold ambient condition

2020-01-139004/14/2020

Automotive thermal systems are becoming complicated each year. The powertrain efficiency improvement initiatives are driving transmission and engine oil heaters into coolant network design alternatives. The initiatives of electrified and autonomous vehicles are making coolant networks even more complex. The coolant networks these days have many heat exchangers, electric water pumps and valves, apart from typical radiators, thermostat and heater core. Some of these heat exchangers including cabin heaters deal with very small amount of coolant flow rates at different ambient conditions. This paper describes how viscosity can be a major reason for simulation inaccuracy, and how to deal with it for each component in the coolant network. Both experimental and computational aspects have been considered in this paper with wide range of ambient temperatures. Methods have been proposed to handle these issues in the simulation phase at the early phase of automotive thermal system development

Khandaker, Masuma, Uddin, Ahmed, Sanikal, Vijay, Fuad, Kaji, Lindquist, Craig, Baker, Gary, Rahman, Sadek

Fuel Economy Improvement by Engine Oil with Ultra-High Viscosity Index

2019-01-220312/19/2019

With the electrification of automobiles, such as hybridization, engines on these vehicles operate more frequently at low oil temperatures, while engines are more specifically run at low engine speed and high load condition for driving vehicles. Hence, engine oils are required to reduce their viscosity at low temperature for friction reduction to improve fuel economy and maintain high temperature viscosity enough to protect engine parts for robustness at the same time. This leads to the improvement of viscosity index, the "ultra-high viscosity index (UHVI)" concept. The novel engine oil technology with a new high performance polymer was investigated. One of experimental oils showed the 100°C viscosity equivalent to SAE 0W-16 grade and the better fuel economy than that of SAE 0W-8 oil by an engine motoring friction test. This study demonstrated the promising performance of the UHVI concept to provide further fuel economy benefit especially for advanced electrified powertrains such as

Onodera, Ko, Watanabe, Honami, Sato, Takehisa, Lee, Gordon H., Kaneko, Toyoharu, Yamamori, Kazuo, Miyata, Itsuki

Art of fuel economy lubricant formulation: How appropriate fuel economy assessment tools and new technologies are opening-up new formulation spaces for the next generation fuel economy lubricants

2019-01-2242

12/19/2019

Designing fuel economy lubricants is an art; finding the right balance between fuel economy and durability requirements is complex, with many trade-offs. To open new formulation spaces with ever increasing fuel economy, a deep understanding of how lubricating oils respond to different drive cycles, engine/transmission type and any coating properties, e.g. DLC, is required. In this paper, we describe how the implementation of WLTC requires lubricant optimization to deliver improved fuel economy under this test cycle and therefore, lubricant viscosity reduction becomes more important. We also illustrate optimization of the sludge system is key to reducing overall viscosity of lubricants for ultra low viscosity application, such as in SAE 0W- 8 viscosity grade oils. To meet the cleanliness challenges in an SAE 0W-8 environment, we describe a developmental sludge handling system with improved cleanliness at constant viscosity to conventional SAE 0W-8 lubricants. A SAE 0W-8 demonstration

Matsui, Tsuyoshi, Featherstone, Thomas, Wright, Peter