Browse Topic: Weather and climate

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Smart Charge Port Housing with Integrated Single Shaft Self-Locking Mechanism for Electric Vehicles2026-26-0593To be published on 01/16/2026
This research presents the development of an advanced Smart Charge Port Housing system for electric vehicles that incorporates intelligent actuation and an integrated single shaft self-locking mechanism. Conventional charge port systems rely on communication with the vehicle’s Body Control Module or Vehicle Control Unit, limiting functionality when the vehicle is in an ignition-off state. The proposed Charge Port Housing addresses this limitation through a microcontroller-based rotary actuator capable of autonomous decision-making, storing the last known position of the lid and executing operations independently of the vehicle’s electronic control architecture. The actuator operates via wired input signals and supports seamless communication over the Local Interconnect Network protocol during ignition-on state. A key innovation lies in the mechanical design: a single shaft self-locking mechanism that combines actuation and locking into a compact, unified assembly, eliminating the need
Mohunta, Sanjay, Khadake, Sagar
Comprehensive Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Approaches for Capturing Atmospheric CO₂ and Converting It into Sustainable e-Fuels2026-26-0115To be published on 01/16/2026
As atmospheric CO₂ levels soar the urgent need for the breakthrough solution that not only capture carbon directly from the air but also convert it into sustainable synthetic fuel (eFuels) has never been clearer & offering a transformative pathway to close the carbon loop and combat the climate changes. This paper delivers an incisive, holistic assessment of cutting edge CO₂ capture technologies to innovative membrane and hybrid systems alongside powerful conversion strategies including thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, & biological route. By the rigorously dissecting each method's underlying mechanisms, energy footprints, scalability & constraints, we reveal the critical bottlenecks and untapped potentials. At its core the study pioneers a bold approach to elevate the integrated energy efficiency of DAC coupled with electrochemical CO₂-to-methanol conversion from a modest 25% to an unprecedented 60% through targeted optimization of thermal, electrochemical, and auxiliary
Jain, Gaurav, PREMLAL, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang
Quantifying the Energy Consumption of HVAC Operation and Its Impact on the Range of Electric Buses Across Diverse Climatic Conditions2026-26-0204To be published on 01/16/2026
Electric buses (e-buses) are essential to sustainable public transport, but their real-world efficiency and range are heavily affected by auxiliary systems, particularly the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This study investigates how ambient temperature variations and HVAC loads influence energy consumption, range, and efficiency in e-buses operating under diverse climatic conditions. The methodology combines field data collection from urban e-buses across seasons—including extreme summer and winter—with controlled lab testing. Field measurements included ambient temperature, HVAC demand, vehicle speed, state of charge (SOC) variation, and energy consumption. These inputs were used to develop real-world duty cycles, replicating actual thermal loads, passenger profiles, idling periods, and driving patterns. In the lab, these cycles were simulated using a chassis dynamometer and environmental chamber, with HVAC systems tested at controlled ambient temperatures
Vishe, Prashant, Dalela, Saurabh, Joshi, Madhusudan, Saraswat, Shubham
Electroluminescent Coating Systems for Heavy-Duty Trucks: Advancing Safety and Sustainability through Smart Surface Technology2026-26-0275To be published on 01/16/2026
As the transportation industry pivots towards safer and more sustainable mobility solutions, the role of advanced surface technologies is becoming increasingly critical. This paper presents a novel application of electroluminescent (EL) coating systems in heavy-duty trucks, exploring to enhance safety and environmental impact through lightweight, energy-efficient lighting integration. EL coatings, capable of emitting light uniformly across painted surfaces when electrically activated, offer a transformative alternative to conventional lighting systems and reflective materials. In the context of heavy-duty trucks, these systems can significantly improve visibility under low-light and adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of road accidents. Furthermore, illumination achieved without bulky fixtures and without interface gaps contributes to aerodynamic efficiency, fuel economy and reducing carbon emissions. use of this coating system, can optimize tooled up plastic part and
Harel, Samarth Dattatraya, Borse, Manoj
System Level Temperature Distribution and Balancing in battery swapping stations2026-26-0361To be published on 01/16/2026
Battery charging systems generate heat during operation, which affects battery efficiency, discharge time, and overall lifespan. Effective thermal management is essential to prevent overheating, optimize heat dissipation, and ensure consistent performance. This study investigates testing methodologies to analyse thermal temperature distribution, detect imbalances, and implement effective balancings techniques. Testing was conducted in a controlled environmental chamber to evaluate heat dissipation behavior under varying conditions. Different dock-level temperatures were measured and optimized using multiple design configurations to assess their impact on thermal performance. The analysis identified thermal imbalances that contribute to uneven heat distribution and increased thermal stress, which can degrade battery performance over time. By refining system designs and incorporating optimized balancing strategies, the research demonstrated significant improvements in heat management
Kulkarni, Mukund, P, Hari Prasad Reddy, H, Manjunatha, Dash, Soumya
Predictive SoC Management for Enhanced Recuperation Efficiency in Electric Vehicles2026-26-0154To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, the automotive industry has been looking into alternatives for conventional vehicles to promote a sustainable transportation future having a lesser carbon footprint. Electric Vehicles (EV) are a promising choice as they produce zero tail pipe emissions. However, even with the demand for EVs increasing, the charging infrastructure is still a concern, which leads to range anxiety. This necessitates the judicious use of battery charge and reduce the energy wastage occurring at any point. In EVs, regenerative braking is an additional option which helps in recuperating the battery energy during vehicle deceleration. The amount of energy recuperated mainly depends on the current State of Charge (SoC) of the battery and the battery temperature. Typically, the amount of recuperable energy reduces as the current SoC moves closer to 100%. Once this limit is reached, the excess energy available for recuperation is discharged through the brake resistor/pads. This paper proposes a
Barik, Madhusmita, S, Sethuraman, Aruljothi, Sathishkumar
Enhancing Thermal Comfort and Vehicle Energy Efficiency: A Simulation Study Using GT ISE + TAITherm2026-26-0458To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is encountering difficulties in balancing occupant thermal comfort with HVAC system energy efficiency, particularly under the hot Indian conditions, to meet user expectations and address range anxiety in electric vehicles. Front-loaded comfort-based approach simulations during the development stages have the potential to increase energy savings compared to the stages required at the end of product design. The focus of the current research targets HVAC energy consumers, such as blower flow rates, temperatures, and Cabin heaters, and investigates how these factors influence occupant overall comfort. Additionally, design elements like glass properties and the impact of solar radiation on human comfort are studied at the early concept stages to adopt an energy-based approach for comfort optimization. Simulations are conducted using GT-SUITE and GT-TAITherm software, integrated with CFD field maps platforms to obtain exact flow field predictions. The simulation
BAVIRISETTI, SAI SAMPATH KUMAR, Chothave, Abhijeet, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Khan, Parvej, Thiyagarajan, Rajesh
Real-Time Lane Change Risk Estimation Using Extended Lane Change Risk Index (ELCRI) and Fault Tree Analysis2026-26-0040To be published on 01/16/2026
Accidents during lane changes are increasingly becoming a problem due to various human based and environment-based factors. Reckless driving, fatigue, bad weather are just some of these factors. This research introduces an innovative algorithm for estimating crash risk during lane changes, including the Extended Lane Change Risk Index (ELCRI). Unlike existing studies and algorithms that mainly address rear-end collisions, this algorithm incorporates exposure time risk and anticipated crash severity risk using fault tree analysis (FTA). The risks are merged to find the ELCRI and used in real time applications for lane change assist to predict if lane change is safe or not. The algorithm defines zones of interest within the current and target lanes, monitored by sensors attached to the vehicle. These sensors dynamically detect relevant objects based on their trajectories, continuously and dynamically calculating the ELCRI to assess collision risk during lane changes. Additionally
Dharmadhikari, Mithil, S, Mrudula, Nair, Nikhil, Malagi, Gangadhar, Paun, Cristin, Brown, Lowell, Korsness, Thomas
Cloths, Cleaning, For Aircraft Primary and Secondary Structural SurfacesAMS3819E (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers woven, nonwoven, and knit absorbent materials supplied either as dry cloths or presaturated cloths for solvent cleaning process applications.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Development of Higher Clarity Injection Molded Windscreen for Motorcycles2024-32-004004/18/2025
The windscreen is one of the key elements to enhance passenger comfort of touring motorcycle. The clarity through the windscreen should not discomfort the rider. The discomfort we discuss here mainly refers to three factors: the “distortion,” the “blur,” and the “transparency.” Introduced in this paper is the technical measures to achieve sufficient clarity by the injection molding method. Firstly, with respect to the “distortion,” we determined the main cause was local unevenness of plate thickness. As the uneven thickness were related to the accuracy of the die, we clarified the tolerable zone and carried out higher precision machining of the die to satisfy the requirements. Regarding the “blur,” we analyzed the refractive power of the windscreen and found the main cause of blur is the microscopic roughness on the surface. As the microscopic roughness were attributable to the die surface, we clarified the tolerable zone and established the polishing conditions satisfactory for the
Yamada, Atsushi, Endo, Sakae
Improving the Carbon Footprint of Long-Haul Trucks Running on First-Generation Biodiesel2025-01-500701/27/2025
Lowering carbon emissions from road-based transport is required to achieve climate targets. In addition to passenger cars, long-haul trucks contribute more than one-third of on-road generated carbon emissions. Therefore, this sector has great potential to reduce such emissions. Numerous options including electrified drivetrains are possible. Nevertheless, the existing fleet of trucks powered by conventional diesel engines also needs to be addressed. Additionally, a ramp-up of green electricity and charging infrastructure is required to ensure carbon-neutral and reliable transport. Heavy-duty diesel engines are typically suitable for use with first-generation biofuels. However, operational restrictions, such as shorter oil drain intervals are mandatory for users. In the case at hand, the oil change was mandatory after only 30,000 km when pure biodiesel (B100) was used instead of 120,000 km when operating on conventional, mineral oil-based diesel. These boundaries counter efforts to
Rohbogner, Christoph J., Heine, Carsten
Army Completes Satellite as a Managed Service Research ProjectTBMG-5213312/01/2024
Intelsat McLean, VA melissa.longo@intelsat.com
Design methodology for avoiding condensation in automotive head lamps2024-26-008301/16/2024
One of the important aspect to consider at the design stage is the condensation of water vapor inside the lighting system, under particular weather conditions of temperature and humidity, which may compromise the device functionality. Condensation of water vapor is an issue affecting functional and aesthetics of Head Lamp. The current paper analyses the process of water vapor condensation inside an automotive LED head lamp. This paper also discusses the design methodology to avoid condensation under particular conditions. Design methodology includes design considerations for better air movement for heat management, material selection, ease of moisture exchange, breather or vent selection, placement. Additionally, this paper would also discuss about effective use of simulations tools, test methods and assembly process guidelines to avoid impact due to condensation. This paper would consist of one example with application of above methodology, its test and field results.
RANE, SANDEEP BALU, Pawar, Nishant
Comparison of Different Energy Carrier’s WTW Emission Factors and Their Role For Meeting Net Zero Climate Targets Aligned With Science Based Target Initiatives – An Extension For India Market2024-26-007701/16/2024
Global climate change is a threat and limiting global temperatures to 1.5 ⁰C is a challenge which is known to everyone. However, it is possible to avoid the worst consequences by taking scientifically defined paths. Science Based Target (SBT) is one such joint initiatives which provide companies with clearly defined path to reduce emissions in line with Paris agreement. In Europe collaboration of European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), OEMs and Refineries have come forward to understand the impact of different energy carriers on energy usage and CO2 emissions on WTW (Well-to-Wheel) basis. Outcome of such a study would result in emission factors (gCO2eq/unit fuel or energy consumed) for various energy carriers. This activity outcome when coupled with strong understanding on specific country’s future potential and roadmap in alternate fuels or energy carriers and together with presence of strong data analytics capabilities of OEM to track their sold products usage in
Dev, Subhanker, Johansson, Monica
Simulating V2G Concept for optimized EV fleet charging in India2024-26-010101/16/2024
The transport sector is bound to play a huge role in the imminent transition to green energy. India has pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2070 at COP26 and is committed to have 30% EV sales by 2030. The Indian government has been facilitating fleet electrification through initiatives like FAME–II. India’s EV market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 90% between 2022 and 2030. With this projection combined with climate targets, comes the anticipated exponential rise in renewable energy contribution to the national grid accompanied by a huge transport related demand for electricity. NITI Aayog – India’s public policy think tank along with Ministry of Power is already looking into expansion of EV charging infrastructure in India as part of smart grid implementation. Deployment of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology as extension of smart charging initiative is imperative in smooth transition to renewable energy. The possibility of bi-directional energy flow between EV battery and
Sandhu, Rouble, Cao, Xinyuan, Faßbender, Max, Schade, Thomas, Emran, Ashraf, Andert, Jakob, Xia, Feihong, Sharma, Vijay
Teaching Drones How to Navigate Real-World WeatherTBMG-4649509/01/2022
Right now, drones are either flown under controlled conditions, with no wind, or are operated by humans using remote controls. However, for drones to autonomously perform necessary but quotidian tasks, such as delivering packages or airlifting injured drivers from a traffic accident, drones must be able to adapt to wind conditions in real time.
Automation of Aviation Weather Charts using Machine Learning Techniques2022-26-123105/26/2022
In traditional avionics procedures, manual analysis of aviation weather charts is often time consuming and increases the pilot's workload significantly. This manual analysis plays a key role in identifying the weather phenomena, which an airborne weather radar cannot detect such as Clear Air turbulence (CAT). The paper proposes introduction of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to decode the pictorial representation of Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMETS), and significant weather charts during take-off procedures and textual representation of METER and TAF during in-flight later on. During take-off procedures, ML algorithms are provided with the flight path for the aircraft under consideration, which is about to fly, SIGMET, 14 different routes of aircraft which are about to fly and significant weather charts. CAT on a significant weather chart, turbulence is highlighted by the area surrounded by dashed lines. Area of possible CAT due to close proximity of isotachs can be
Gangadhar, Balraj, Ramasamy, Subramanian
Best Practices to Prevent, Mitigate and Respond to Cyber Attacks on Air Traffic Management Systems 2022-26-125605/26/2022
Introduction With the digitization and advanced technology inclusions into the Air traffic management systems, there has been an increasing risk of cyber-attacks. The disruption to the computing, communication and control systems has been on an increase. These attacks along with equipment failures can have a far-reaching impact on the performance of the Air Traffic Management Systems. Cybersecurity is still uncommon and is more an after-thought than being engineered into the Systems. Description Deliberate attacks by Hackers have been demonstrated at some of the conferences where a ghost plane has been introduced in to the air space. In 2013, a German technology consultant claimed hacking Flight Management System with a simple android App and some easily available software and hardware. These increasing cyber-disruptions reflect a wider threat to the society which is pervasive, varied, and impactful. In consequence, an intense effort is needed to develop resilient cyber-systems that
Dubey, Kumud Bajaj
Simulation Of Air Conditioning System For Thermal Comfort Using Machine Learning techniques2022-26-122905/26/2022
This study is about the system which establishes a model for environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and air velocity of thermal comfort indicators by implementing different Machine Learning technique. In this work the principal goal is analyzing air flow, distribution of temperature and pressure in the Living room. In order to achieve the goal the domain is consider which is divided in to discretized manner which will be further used to record the thermal sensation and airflow. For the same simulated environment the experiment will be conducted, which resulting in to forming the dataset with respect time, relative humidity, draft, temperature, air flow. By considering the recorded dataset, machine learning algorithm like SVM (Support Vector Machine), radial basis function for different kernels, Decision tree, XG Boost and Adaboost are used to create the model in Pythan. Finally, various performance metrics like accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for all techniques are
Shete, Prachi, raut, vaishnavi, Mandhare, Janhavi, Borgaonkar, Apeksha, Dorwat, Ajit
Artificial Intelligence in Air Cargo System2022-26-123805/26/2022
Air Cargo is one of the major Cargo transport industry globally. It is helping to transport goods swiftly across the globe during emergencies like pandemic, evacuation and natural calamities etc. It plays a key role in developing economy of country by importing and exporting goods across the globe. This business is growing every YOY with increase in demand for e-Commerce and globalisation. It is important to keep up the efficiency of the system as the business demand grows. This paper focus to understand how AI implementation can reduce the inefficiency and inconsistency due to the manual intervention in Cargo operation in different areas. The major implementation study area of AI in this paper include implementing in Cargo load planning to reduce the human dependency and error, implementation of AI in ground handling with the help of autopiloting vehicle which can operate in any weather condition, ordering sequence of loading priority of Unit Load Devices(ULD), operating control unit
Chitragar, Venkatesh, Gopan, Vishnu, Adavalath Puthiyaveettil, Sayooj, Vijaya chandran, Vinayak
Design and Computational Investigations of Aerobot for Titan with maneuverability using momentum wheel and propeller equipped with droppable weather stations 2022-26-119105/26/2022
Titan, Saturn’s largest moon and the only celestial body which is found to have a landmass composed of liquid hydrocarbons. Nitrogen – The building block of all life that exists on earth is found to be abundant in Titan’s atmosphere of up to 97%. Aerobots provide a great platform for exploring a celestial body with an atmosphere such as Titan. They have modest power requirements, longer mission duration, and can cover a longer distance in a shorter time. They are powered by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator for optimal mission life. Aerobot’s altitude can be altered by varying the temperature of the air inside the balloon and yaw can be controlled using Reaction Wheel and a motor-driven propeller for forwarding thrust. The proposed Aerobot will be equipped with four miniature deployable fixed weather stations that can be dropped from the aerobot to titan’s surface. They can be deployed at diverse locations such as the equator and Polar Regions to deeply explore the Titan’s climate
Raja, Manoj Kumar, Sivasankaran, Abinash Nataraj, Saravana Mohan, Haribalan, Thangavel, Sabari, R, Vijayanandh, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar
5 Ws of Floating SensorsTBMG-4562104/07/2022
A Soiling Mitigation Method to Enhance the Performance of ADAS in Adverse Weather 2022-01-007403/29/2022
The emergence of autonomous driving technology has tremendous mobility and social-economical benefits. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on various sensors for environmental and traffic data. However, the sensor performance and reliability degrade in adverse weather conditions, which poses a challenge to the safety of AVs. Existing active mitigation strategies such as wipers and water jets are complex and expensive to implement. This study investigates soiling mitigation via rotating lens with the goal to maintain Advanced-Driver-Assistance-System (ADAS) sensor visibility in rain. The concept of rotating lens has merely been lightly explored in literature, but never been studied in detail with realistic continuous rain simulation to verify soiling mitigation effectiveness. An optical camera in place of a frontal vehicle ADAS sensor was integrated into a rotating lens for visual characterization. A wind tunnel was used to simulate various wind-driven rain scenarios in both urban and
Pao, Wing Yi, Li, Long, Agelin-chaab, Martin
Quantifying Repeatability of Real-World On-Road Driving Using Dynamic Time Warping2022-01-031003/29/2022
There are numerous activities in the automotive industry in which a vehicle drives a pre-defined route multiple times, such as portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) testing or real-world electric vehicle range testing, in which the speed profile is not the same for each drive cycle due to uncontrollable real-world variables such as traffic, stoplights, stalled vehicles, or weather conditions. It sometimes can be difficult, then, to compare each run accurately. To this end, this paper presents a method to compare and quantify the repeatability of real-world on-road vehicle driving schedules using dynamic time warping (DTW). DTW is a well-developed computational algorithm which compares two different signals describing the same underlying phenomenon but occurring at different time scales. In this paper, DTW is applied to real-world on-road drive cycles, and metrics are developed to quantify how similar these drive cycles are to a common reference cycle. It goes on to explore the
Lobato, Peter, Rayno, Mars, Daily, Jeremy, Bradley, Thomas
Evaluation of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles2022-01-064203/29/2022
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions, and particular of ambient temperature, on fuel efficiency. Data from various and extensive operational testing were analyzed, such as tests conducted with four groups of medium and heavy-duty vehicles, involved in regional transport, local transport, pick-up and delivery, and urban transport (school bus). The tests were conducted over 5 months of warm season followed by four months of cold season. Other operational testing was conducted over one year in two different geographic and climatic regions in Canada. Data from extensive track testing conducted based on the SAE J 1321 Fuel Consumption Test Procedure-Type II, with various vehicles in different test condition, from spring to winter, was also analyzed. In this type of tests, a control vehicle is used for the base trial, as well as the final trial. As there is no change on the control vehicle, only the environmental conditions impact the fuel consumption
Surcel, Marius-Dorin
Measurement of Particle Dynamics on the Real Vehicle in Different Driving Scenarios with Swarm Sensors2021-01-129910/11/2021
Due to the increase in public attention in the analysis of non-exhaust emission sources because of the growing electrification of vehicles, measurements have been performed in recent years to develop a consistent test standard. In particular, the consideration of tyre and brake abrasion took a predominant position due to the small particle sizes. With measurements under controlled and laboratory-like athmosphere, for example for brakes on dynamometers, attempts have been made to create a uniform test standard according to the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). However, a transfer to the real driving environment is not yet feasible because of many external disturbance variables, such as the wheel housing or atmospheric variables. Typical reference measurement sensors in the vehicle are only suitable to a limited extent for mobile operation due to their size and the necessary measurement infrastructure. The aim of this work is to analyse swarm measurements on a
Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter, Lehne-Wandrey, Guido, Sandgaard, Malte
A Study of Emission Durability and Ash Accumulation of “Advanced Three-Way Catalyst Integrated on Gasoline Particulate Filter” for BS6 (Stage2) Applications2021-26-018209/22/2021
India BS6 Stage2 (2023) regulations demands all Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles to meet particulate number emissions (PN) below 6x10+11# per km. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are a proven technology and enable high PN filtration efficiencies throughout the entire vehicle lifetime. One challenge for GPF applications could be the changing emission performance characteristics as a function of mileage due to collected ash and/or soot deposits with implications on back pressure losses and well due to aging of active catalytic components like PGM and Washcoat. The main objective of this technical contribution is to study the above-mentioned challenges while applying Indian driving conditions and typical Indian climate and other ambient conditions. The substrate technology selected for this study is a high porosity GPF designed to enable the integration of a Three-Way functionality into the GPF, commonly described as coated GPF. In this study, the entire Three-Way Catalyst (TWC
Rose, Dominik, Tao, Tinghong, Kataria, Rohit, Boger, Thorsten, Kuehn, Nikolas, Kunert, Susanne, Richter, Joerg Michael, Magar, Avinash
Investigating Humidity Effects on SI Small Offroad Engine Performance and Emissions2021-01-122409/21/2021
Collaborative research outlined in this paper documents recent engine and emission performance of a newer, more robust small SI engine across a sweeping range of relative humidity having fixed intake air temperature and pressure. The experimental results will show that power correction references to SAE J1349 as well as humidity correction reference for Kh in EPA 40 CFR 1065 may generically be applied, but do not accurately compensate for the extent of correction required. The test results shared from this particular performance testing of a Kohler KT745 carbureted engine develops the case for a more diverse and less conservative approach to a one-size-fits all strategy related to humidity corrections within the small SI testing community. Moreover, humidity effects for both observed and corrected power, as well as emission corrected constituents (not just NOx) are generally greater than would otherwise be assumed from the literature. From these results, the authors will show that
Olmos Jr, Adrian, Griffin, Steven, Price, Gary, Beilke, Nathan, Sajdowitz, Scott
Automotive Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Attenuation Technique from Front Suspension Assembly in Passenger Car2021-01-108708/31/2021
BSR noise is an important parameters for customer discomfort. According to a market survey, squeaks and rattles are the third most important customer concern in cars after six months of ownership. The high quality acoustic environment of a car, annoying noises like buzz, squeak, and rattle is related to various parameters such as material assembly, tolerance, aging, humidity, surface contact, and surface hardness. BSR is originated from frictional movement between two parts or from the impact between two parts. The rattle noise is caused when surfaces close to each other move perpendicular to each other due to insufficient attachments or insufficient structural strength. In our study, we have shown the impact of various front suspension component in front suspension assembly on BSR noise and also the method to detect and attenuate the same. A methodical analysis process is shown to identify the contributing part and resolve the BSR issue. A detailed case study on vehicle level is
Deshmukh, Sagar, Hazra, Sandip, Mohare, Gourishkumar
Simulation Driven Design of HVAC Systems under Competing HVAC Noise and Defrost Performance Requirements2021-01-102008/31/2021
It is particularly easy to get tunnel vision as a domain expert, and focus only on the improvements one could provide in their area of expertise. To make matters worse, many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are silo-ed by domain of expertise, unconsciously promoting this single mindedness in design. Unfortunately, the successful and profitable development of a vehicle is dependent on the delicate balance of performance across many domains, involving multiple physics and departments. Taking for instance the design of a Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, the device’s primary function is to control the climate system in vehicle cabins, and more importantly to make sure that critical areas on the windshield can be defrosted in cold weather conditions within regulation time. With the advent of electric and autonomous vehicles, further importance is now also placed on the energy efficiency of the HVAC, and its noise. During the development of the defrost mode of an
Nagarajan, Vijaisri, Biermann, Jan, Goldberg, Jens, Motiwala, Hamza, Martins, Diogo, Luzzato, Charles, Mukutmoni, Devadatta
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Soaking Up the Sun: America's First Solar-Powered Town1315607/29/2021
Welcome to Babcock Ranch: the hometown of the future. Powered entirely by 700,000 solar panels across 840 acres of land in sunny Florida, Babcock Ranch is an innovative town that combines everything Americana with the technologies of tomorrow: electric-powered ice cream trucks, city-wide WiFi, expansive public green spaces, and the comfort of being part of a community. Syd Kitson, Chairman and CEO of Kitson & Partners - the founders of Babcock Ranch - joined us to share how he turned his vision for the future into reality - while making it economically viable along the way.
Hineman, Marcie
Experimental Validation of Eco-Driving and Eco-Heating Strategies for Connected and Automated HEVs2021-01-043504/06/2021
This paper presents experimental results that validate eco-driving and eco-heating strategies developed for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). By exploiting vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, traffic signal timing, and queue length estimations, optimized and smoothed speed profiles for the ego-vehicle are generated to reduce energy consumption. Next, the planned eco-trajectories are incorporated into a real-time predictive optimization framework that coordinates the cabin thermal load (in cold weather) with the speed preview, i.e., eco-heating. To enable eco-heating, the engine coolant (as the only heat source for cabin heating) and the cabin air are leveraged as two thermal energy storages. Our eco-heating strategy stores thermal energy in the engine coolant and cabin air while the vehicle is driving at high speeds, and releases the stored energy slowly during the vehicle stops for cabin heating without forcing the engine to idle to provide the heating source. To
Amini, Mohammad Reza, Hu, Qiuhao, Wang, Hao, Feng, Yiheng, Kolmanovsky, Ilya, Sun, Jing
Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Vehicles in Adverse Weather Conditions2021-01-007904/06/2021
Object detection and tracking is a central aspect of perception for autonomous vehicles. While there has been significant development in this field in recent years, many perception algorithms still struggle to provide reliable information in challenging weather conditions which include night-time, direct sunlight, glare, fog, etc. To achieve full autonomy, there is a need for a robust perception system capable of handling such challenging conditions. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by proposing an algorithm that combines the strength of automotive radars and infra-red thermal cameras. We show that these sensors complement each other well and provide reliable data in poor visibility conditions. We demonstrate the advantages of a thermal camera over a visible-range camera in these situations and employ YOLOv3 for object detection. The proposed system utilizes a modified Track-Oriented Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) algorithm which uses data from these sensors to keep
Bhadoriya, Abhay Singh, Vegamoor, Vamsi Krishna, Rathinam, Sivakumar
Multi-Sensor Fusion in Slow Lanes for Lane Keep Assist System2021-01-008404/06/2021
Implementing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features that are available in all road scenarios and weather conditions is a big challenge for automotive companies and considered key enablers to achieve autonomous Level 4 (L4) vehicles. One important feature is the Lane Keep Assist System (LKAS). Most LKAS systems are based on lane line detection cameras and lane coefficient estimations by the camera is the key point for LKAS where the camera recognizes the lane lines using edge detection. But when the lane markers are not available due to high traffic and slow driving on the roads, another source of data for the lane lines needs to be available for the LKAS. In this paper a multi-sensor fusion approach based on camera, Lidar, and GPS is used to allow the vehicle to maintain its lateral location within the lane. The lateral distances of the lane lines are measured by LiDAR detection of the markers based on the intensity and fused with lane line information from the HD Map after
Alrousan, Qusay, Matta, Sherif, Tasky, Tom
Weather Support to Deicing Decision Making (WSDDM) Winter Weather Nowcasting SystemAS5537A (Current)02/10/2021
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Standard is to provide guidelines for the components and configurations that define the research and commercial versions of the Weather Support to Deicing Decision Making (WSDDM) winter weather nowcasting system.
G-12M Methods Committee
Photoreceptor System for Melatonin Regulation and PhototherapyTBMG-3850002/01/2021
Light is the primary stimulus for regulating circadian rhythms, seasonal cycles, and neuroendocrine responses in many species including humans. During the past 20 years, studies have tested the use of light for treating fall and winter depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD), non-seasonal depression, sleep disorders, menstrual dysfunction, and eating disorders. In addition, investigators are exploring the use of light for reentraining human circadian physiology relative to the challenge of shift work or intercontinental air travel.
Space Weather DatabaseTBMG-3848902/01/2021
Currently, there is no central database for space weather researchers and forecasters to ascertain observed space weather events. Instead, data is being recorded by scientists in a blog; however, this information is not easily searchable.
Abrasion Resistance Testing - Vehicle Exterior Graphics and Pin StripingJ1847_202101 (Current)01/07/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to the abrasion resistance testing of decorative tapes, graphics, and pin striping. It may also have relevance to certain vehicle labels and plastic wood grain film. The resistance to abrasive damage is judged qualitatively by its effect on the legibility, pattern, and color of the graphic marking. This recommended practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering the use of this recommended practice.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Induction Cure Test for Metal Bonding AdhesivesJ1851_202101 (Current)01/07/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining the adhesion strength characteristics of heat-cured metal bonding adhesives subjected to induction heating.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Peel Adhesion Test for Glass to Elastomeric Material for Automotive Glass EncapsulationJ1907_202101 (Current)01/07/2021
This recommended practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of a 180 deg peel specimen for the purpose of determining the bondability of glass to elastomeric material in automotive modular glass. This test method suggests that elastomeric material of less than 172 mpa modulus be used as the encapsulating material. The present practice of encapsulating automotive glass is described as molded-in-place elastomeric material onto the outer edge of the glass using thermoplastic or thermosetting material that quickly sets in the mold. The glass is removed from the mold with the cured elastomeric material bonded to the perimeter of the glass. This encapsulated glass module can now be bonded with a sealant adhesive into the body opening of a vehicle.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B (Current)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)AS437B-TEST-REC (Historical)12/22/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
20 Years of Science on the International Space StationTBMG-3817712/01/2020
For the past two decades, the astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have conducted science in a way that cannot be done anywhere else. Orbiting about 250 miles above Earth, the ISS is the only laboratory available for long-duration microgravity research.
Sunlight Converts Emissions into Useful MaterialsTBMG-3800511/01/2020
The rapidly growing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere is one of the most urgent issues humanity must address to avoid a climate catastrophe. Thanks to greenhouse gases like CO2, the heat from the Sun is remaining trapped in the atmosphere, warming the planet. Researchers developed a method to break CO2 apart and convert the greenhouse gas into useful materials like fuels or consumer products ranging from pharmaceuticals to polymers.
Continuous and Stable Lasing Achieved From Low-Cost Perovskites at Room TemperatureTBMG-3801111/01/2020
An international team of researchers led by Kyushu University and Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has demonstrated stable, continuous lasing at room temperature for over an hour from a class of low-cost materials called perovskites by finally overcoming a phenomenon that has so far prevented such long operation.
Comparison of Particulate Matter and Number Emissions from a Floating and a Fixed Caliper Brake System of the Same Lining Formulation2020-01-163310/05/2020
The particulate emissions of two brake systems were characterized in a dilution tunnel optimized for PM10 measurements. The larger of them employed a fixed caliper (FXC) and the smaller one a floating caliper (FLC). Both used ECE brake pads of the same lining formulation. Measured properties included gravimetric PM2.5 and PM10, Particle Number (PN) concentrations of both untreated and thermally treated (according to exhaust PN regulation) particles using Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) having 23 and 10 nm cut-off sizes, and an Optical Particle Sizer (OPS). The brakes were tested over a section (trip-10) novel test cycle developed from the database of the Worldwide harmonized Light-Duty vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). A series of trip-10 tests were performed starting from unconditioned pads, to characterize the evolution of emissions until their stabilization. Selected tests were also performed over a short version of the Los Angeles City Cycle. PM2.5 emissions of burnished pads
Mamakos, Athanasios, Arndt, Michael, Hesse, David, Hamatschek, Christopher, Augsburg, Klaus
Further Development of Particulate Sensors for Mobile Use with the Aid of a Circuit Board2020-01-163810/05/2020
In the last decade, pollution by particulate matter and its effect on human health has increasingly becoming the focus of public attention. In order to monitor and evaluate particulate pollution, expensive measuring stations were placed at traffic hotspots and other selected locations. The measuring devices often precisely record the particle concentration, but have disadvantages in mobility and for measurements in large-area due to their size and investment costs. A measurement with high temporal and spatial resolution is not possible with these stations. This paper presents a new type of mobile particulate sensor based on the Plantower PMS 7003 particle sensor. In addition to the Plantower sensor, a rechargeable battery and newly developed control electronics are also installed in the particulate sensor. Due to the small size and the low manufacturing costs of the measuring system, mobile usage in higher quantity is possible. In addition, the system can record the geographical
Sandgaard, Malte, Lehne-Wandrey, Guido, Otto, Johannes, Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter
Augmentation of Energy, Exergy and Emission Performance of Gas Turbine Engines Used for Ship Propulsion2020-01-202809/15/2020
Majority of prime movers for ship propulsion used currently are diesel engines mainly because of their elevated efficiency and their ability to run on residual oil. But in view of the increasing awareness for pollution control and stricter environmental regulations, gas turbine cycle can be regarded as a suitable alternative to propel large ships for cargo and military purpose. However during summer and in hot and humid climates, an increase in ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity is observed to adversely affect the performance of gas turbine (GT). In such circumstances, integration of inlet air cooling to GT cycle can be considered as a suitable alternative. The present paper discusses the possibility of using a vapor absorption inlet air cooled gas turbine cycle as a prime mover for marine application. A parametric study of the effect of compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, ambient relative humidity and ambient temperature on energy, exergy and exhaust
Mohapatra, Alok Kumar, Panigrahi, Nabnit, Das, Amar Kumar
Smart Windows Self-Illuminate on Rainy DaysTBMG-3766009/01/2020
Smart windows that automatically change colors depending on the intensity of sunlight are gaining attention as they can reduce energy bills by blocking the sun's visible rays during summer. But what about windows that change colors depending on the humidity outside during the monsoon season or on hot days of summer? Recently, a Korean research team has developed the source technology for smart windows that change colors according to the amount of moisture, without needing electricity. The team successfully developed a variable color filter using a metal-hydrogel-metal resonator structure using chitosan-based hydrogel and combined it with solar cells to make a self-powering humidity sensor.
Cellulose-Based Sensor Simultaneously Measures Pressure, Temperature, and HumidityTBMG-3748108/01/2020
Researchers have developed a single sensor that combines the ability to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity simultaneously. The sensor has applications such as monitoring patients at home, robotics, electronic skin, functional textiles, surveillance, and security.
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