ABSTRACT A simulation capable of modeling grid-tied electrical systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) resource sharing was developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the steady state admittance matrix approach, the unknown currents and voltages within the network are determined at each time step. This eliminates the need for states associated with the distributed system. Each vehicle has two dynamic states: (1) stored energy and (2) fuel consumed while the generators have only a single fuel consumed state. One of its potential uses is to assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption with respect to the control system parameters used to maintain a vehicle-centric bus voltage under dynamic loading conditions.

Jane, Robert S., Parker, Gordon G., Weaver, Wayne W., Goldsmith, Steven Y.

Lend a Range: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging.

2024-26-010701/16/2024

With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, poised EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. The concept of bidirectional charging is one of that and which is creating buzz and curiosity among EV buyers. The bidirectional charging enables EV owners to lend the power to grid, other vehicles or use for other auxiliary applications. This paper focuses on idea of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) level 1 or level 2 AC charging using J1772 standard, where one user can lend a range of few kilometers to other based on requirement as a helping hand. This paper majorly focuses on how existing EV powertrain system can be upgraded to implement V2V charging with minimal changes. In V2V charging, source vehicle shall function as a mobile charging source (EVSE) and other shall function as a sink (EV). The idea of making source vehicle as charging station involves sink vehicle authentication and managing the power flow. This paper discusses the overall system

KUMAR, ROHIT, Penta, Amar, Venugopal, Karthick Babu, Sahu, Hemant, Arya, Harshita

Vehicle diagnostics and Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication through Visible Light Communication

2024-26-008201/16/2024

High Fidelity Communication has become a necessity in various sectors. Different wireless data transfer methods play a vital role in various far field and near-field communications. Wireless communication for transferring data through radio spectrum has been a continuous evolving trend, especially in Automotive Sector, with fleet monitoring, platooning and even connected vehicles. Some important parameters considered in selecting a wireless platform would be bandwidth, data transfer, speed, and security. Some interesting advantages of communication over the visible spectrum has led to the evolution of Light Fidelity. Implementation of Visible Light Communication (VLC) in the automotive field might enable safer driving conditions through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication with high data transmission rates and efficient-bandwidth usage. The principle of VLC is based on “line of sight” data transmission through modulation of the light source. Highly

Ali, Rifat, N, Prem, Natarajan, Akshay, Kashi, Anitha

Cyber Threats and its Mitigation to Intelligent Transportation System

2024-26-018401/16/2024

With the revolutionary advancements in modern transportation, offering advanced connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making has put the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to a high risk from being exposed to cyber threats. Development of modern transportation infrastructure, connected vehicle technology and its dependency over the cloud with an aim to enhance safety, efficiency, reliability and sustainability of ITS comes with a lot more opportunities to protect the system from black hats. This abstract explores the landscape of cyber threats targeting Intelligent Transportation Systems, focusing on their potential impacts, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. The cyber-attacks in ITS are not just limited to Unauthorized Access, Malware and Ransomware Attacks, Data Breaches, Denial of Service but also to Physical Infrastructure Attacks. These attacks may result in potentially disrupting critical transportation infrastructure, compromise user safety, and can

Dewangan, Kheelesh Kumar, Panda, Vibek, Ojha, Sunil, Shahapure, Anjali, Jahagirdar, Shweta Rajesh

New 5G opportunities, Risk and autonomous vehicles.

2024-26-008501/16/2024

With the rapid advancement in 5G technologies and the global network roll out, the autonomous vehicle space is seeing many Opportunities, The Automotive Industry with its Connected Vehicles is expected to heavily utilize the 5G network features such as low latency, high-bandwidth, and network slicing. Current Network capabilities has restricted the Connected space in Automotive to Basic features like track & trace, DTCs, Online Diagnostics and Predictive maintenance at best. Almost all of the control functions in vehicles today are processed in on-board ECUs but Novel technologies like Autonomous Fleet/Vehicles, ADAS demands this functions to be integrated with connected environment. With the low latency High speed environment of 5G such time critical processing is possible at the cloud end. We can move some ECU functions of autonomous vehicles to the cloud or use a hybrid of cloud and on-board processing model in autonomous vehicles with 5G connectivity. Cloud-based ECUs will create

Mahali, Rakesh, JAGTAP, Pramod

Design and Development of a Virtual Autonomous System

2022-01-507210/03/2022

An autonomous vehicle or a driverless vehicle is a ground vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little to no human input. The present study aims to validate existing literature on vehicle following, emergency braking, lane changing, overtaking, and jerk trajectory with regard to autonomous vehicles. By using the jerk trajectory equation, we are able to optimize it by implementing a complete overtaking procedure. We are also able to compare the variation in both the dynamic and kinematic bicycle model for the same vehicle and traveling the same distance. A new kinematic bicycle model is built, which is more simple to construct. This project is performed using MATLAB and Simulink for creating and modifying the system blocks. There has also been an integration of 3D visualization software such as VR sink and Unreal Engine. We construct the vehicles by simple transfer functions, ACC and PID as the main system blocks for vehicles 1, 2, and 3, respectively

Narain, C.M., Patil, Sharanbassapa S.

A hybrid sensor-fusion system to locate the Electric gridlines by UAV for range extension in Urban areas

2022-26-114905/26/2022

This paper explores the efficacy and efficiency of a system for the effective location of electric gridlines during daytime and night-time by the onboard and offboard transceivers of UAV through vehicle to infrastructure communication. The usage of electric gridlines in urban areas helps to extend the range of the UAVs by charging the onboard battery using an extended arm. The same arm can also be used for direct propulsion of the motors onboard UAV, thereby minimizing the reliance on battery. UAVs with advanced Image processing algorithms are utilized in the inspection of the electric grid lines themselves in the Power industry. The camera based algorithms are not effective during night-time when the gridlines are near invisible. This can be mitigated by evaluating light in other spectral ranges, but this would add to the load of the UAV. We propose a system which combines multiple information sources and helps locate the gridlines for range extension, specifically for the delivery of

Pappala, Lokendra Pavan Kumar, Enagandula, Srujan, Manoharan, Sandeepkumar

jsintz e2e test 5/9

SAE-PP-0131805/09/2022

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SintzUSER, Jeneane

e2e test 5/9

SAE-PP-0131605/09/2022

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Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane

Functional verification and validation of secure controller area network (CAN) communication

2022-01-011803/29/2022

In agriculture industry, increasing use of Vehicle Internet of Things (IoT), telematics and emerging technologies are resulting in smarter machines with connected solutions. Inter and Intra Communication with vehicle to vehicle and inside vehicle - Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to ECU or ECU to sensor, requirement for flow of data increased in-turn resulting in increased need for secure communication. In this paper, we focus on functional verification and validation of secure Controller Area Network (CAN) for intra vehicular communication to establish confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and freshness of data, supporting safety, advanced automation, protection of sensitive data and IP (Intellectual Property) protection. Network security algorithms and software security processes are the layers supporting to achieve our cause. Test environment setup with secured hardware and simulated models, test scenarios and test data created to achieve our objective. For validation, we relied

Khatik, Gourab, Katragadda, Praveen, Labade, Chetan

5G Network Connectivity Automated Test and Verification for Autonomous Vehicles Using UAVs

2022-01-016803/29/2022

The significance and the number of vehicle safety features enabled via connectivity continue to increase. OnStar, with its automatic airbag notification, was one of the first vehicle safety features that demonstrate the enhanced safety benefits of connectivity. Vehicle connectivity benefits have grown to include remote software updates, data analytics to aid with preventative maintenance and even to theft prevention and recovery. All of these services require available and reliable connectivity. However, except for the airbag notification, none have strict latency requirements. For example, software updates can generally be postponed till reliable connectivity is available. Data required for prognostics use cases can be stored and transmitted at a later time. A new set of use cases are emerging that do demand continuous, reliable and low latency connectivity. For example, remote control of autonomous vehicles may be required in unique situations. Further, additional autonomous vehicle

Evans, Matthew, Talty, Tim, Dietrich, Carl, Gomez, Xavier

A Novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fast Charging Control System Utilizing Motor and Inverter in EV

2022-01-019403/29/2022

As electric vehicles become more widespread, such vehicles may be subject to “range anxiety” due to the risk of discharging during driving or the discharging when left unused for a long period. Accordingly, a vehicle equipped with a mobile charger that can provide a charge in an emergency. The vehicle with the mobile charger is usually composed of a large capacity battery, a power converter in a small truck. However, the large capacity battery and the power converter are disadvantageous in that they are large in size and expensive and should be produced as a special vehicle. In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem using an internal EV system without requiring an additional power generation, battery and a charging-and-discharging device. The method is a novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle fast charging control system utilizing motor and inverter in EV.

Choi, Jaehyuk, Song, ByeongSeob, Kim, SungKyu, Kim, Hyunsup, Kim, Talchol, Kim, SeokJoon, Cho, InYoung, Choi, YoungGon

Demonstration of energy consumption reduction in class 8 trucks using eco-driving algorithm based on on-road testing

2022-01-015703/29/2022

Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication has enabled on-board access to the information from other vehicles and infrastructure. This information, traditionally used for safety applications, is increasingly being used for improving fuel economy of the vehicles [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This work aims at demonstrating energy consumption reduction in heavy/medium duty vehicles using the eco-driving algorithm. The algorithm is enabled by V2X communication and uses data contained in basic safety messages (BSMs) and signal phase and timing (SPaT) to generate an energy-efficient velocity trajectory for the vehicle to follow. A ~25.7 km (16-mi) urban corridor in Bexar County, Texas, was modeled in a microscopic traffic simulation package and calibrated to match real-world conditions. For the trucks using this algorithm, a nominal reduction of 7% in energy consumption and 6% in trip time was observed in simulation. This was validated by on-track testing of a pair of velocity profiles. The track testing

Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Frazier, Cole, Rengarajan, Sankar, Warden, Rebecca, Brown, Michael, Sarlashkar, Jayant

Evaluating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in V2X Communications

2022-01-013003/29/2022

Over the years there has been an enormous interest in V2X communications that enable an array of benefits such as road safety, traffic efficiency and to pave the way for fully automated driving through its non-line of sight sensing. Hence, there is a need for these V2X communications to be secured and reliable by ensuring that the cybersecurity properties like Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) are not compromised. This paper evaluates the potential cybersecurity use-cases developed, focusing on vulnerabilities like black hole attack, sybil attack and timing attack in V2X communications. The proposed cybersecurity vulnerabilities were tested and evaluated on FEV’s Smart Vehicle Demonstrator. Furthermore, the best practice countermeasure methods to avoid and overcome the risks identified based on the results were also discussed.

Nagavelli, Sai Krishnanand, Yedida, Siddhartha, Alzu'bi, Hamzeh, Tasky, Tom

Computer Vision-Based V2X Collaborative Perception

2022-01-008203/29/2022

In this paper, we present the computer vision-based V2X collaborative perception. Our system uses a forward-looking camera in the Host Vehicle. The camera detects road users such as pedestrians, vehicles, and motorcycles. Such information includes object type, relative location, direction, and speed. This information is used to compose proxy Basic Safety Messages on behalf of the detected objects. Early adopters of the V2X technology can experience the benefits of enhanced V2X market penetration. The outcome of adopting our concept will result in an inflated V2X market penetration rate leading to earlier safety, mobility, and situational awareness improvements. The ultimate goal is for all road participants to be fully aware of each other. The novelty of our work is the integration of computer vision-based detection and LTE-V V2X communications, in addition to implementing the concept for pedestrians and bicyclists. A similar concept will work for other sensors such as radar and LiDARs

Miucic, Radovan, Rajab, Samer

High-Fidelity Heavy-Duty Vehicle Modeling Using Sparse Telematics Data

2022-01-063503/29/2022

Heavy-duty commercial vehicles tend to have poor energy efficiency due to relatively high mass, poor aerodynamic characteristics, and high auxiliary power loads. These factors lead directly to high fuel cost per mile, perpetuate domestic dependence on imported oil, and contribute to climate change and environmental damage in the form of air pollution. The optimization of energy efficiency in these vehicles presents a way to reduce industry expenses while also taking action on the growing issue of climate change. Vehicle modeling provides a path for energy efficiency improvement by allowing rapid experimentation of different vehicle characteristics on fuel consumption. This research focused on creating higher fidelity models using real-world, sparsely collected telematics data from a large fleet of heavy-duty vehicles. The largest challenge encountered in this research was the use of sparse data, where samples are sporadically collected, leading to infrequent sampling rate and

Carow, Kyle, Cantwell, Nathaniel, Ivanco, Andrej, Holden, Jacob, Baker, Chad, Miller, Eric, Asher, Zachary

Mobile control-measuring system for determination and providing vehicles brake performance

2022-01-110003/29/2022

The approach on the example of vehicles brake performance determination and provision, based on using of mobile measurement complex with software is developed. Requirements for mobile registration and measurement system to evaluate and ensure performance of wheeled vehicles with regard to modern tools and approaches are developed: based on a modern elemental base taking into account the further development of microprocessor technology; low cost in manufacture; comply with the modular construction principle; high degree of mobility, small dimensions and weight characteristics, a power source independent of the wheeled vehicle network; to connect additional sensors (accelerometers, angles, etc.) and photo-video capture devices; ability to provide wireless communication with the database on the server in the presence of a stable signal of the mobile network; an open operating system for further improvement of principles and algorithms on the basis of modern high-level programming language

Kholodov, Mykhailo, Schmoe, Joe

Mobile Safety Application for Pedestrians Utilizing P2V Communication Over Bluetooth

2022-01-017603/29/2022

Vulnerable Road User (VRU) safety has been an important issue throughout the years as corresponding fatality numbers in traffic have been increasing each year. With the developments in connected vehicle technology, there are new and easier ways of implementing Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication which can be utilized to provide safety and early warning benefits for VRUs. Mobile phones are one important point of interest with their sensors being increased in quantity and quality and improved in terms of accuracy. Bluetooth and extended Bluetooth technology in mobile phones has enhanced support to carry larger chunks of information to longer distances. The work we discuss in this paper is related to a mobile application that utilizes the mobile phone sensors and Bluetooth communication to implement Personal Safety Message (PSM) broadcast using the SAE J2735 standard to create a Pedestrian to Vehicle (P2V) based safety warning structure. This implementation allows the drivers to

Gelbal, Sukru Yaren, Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Aksun Guvenc, Bilin, Guvenc, Levent, Surnilla, Gopichandra, Zhang, Hao

Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory with Traffic Preview

2022-01-017403/29/2022

By utilizing the vehicle to infrastructure communication, the conventional Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) applications give speed advisory range for drivers to travel to pass at the green light. However, these systems do not consider the traffic between the ego vehicle and the traffic light location, resulting in inaccurate speed advisories. Therefore, the driver needs to intuitively adjust the vehicle's speed to pass at the green light and avoid traffic in these scenarios. Furthermore, inaccurate speed advisories may result in unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, resulting in poor fuel efficiency and comfort. To address these shortcomings of conventional GLOSA, in this study, we proposed the utilization of collaborative perception messages shared by smart infrastructures to create an enhanced speed advisory for the connected vehicle drivers and automated vehicles. Two different algorithms were designed by utilizing the available traffic preview (Signal Phase and

Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Surnilla, Gopichandra

Mechanism to Identify a Legitimate Vehicle User in Remote Keyless Entry System

2022-01-013703/29/2022

The advancements of the automotive system in all the aspects from safety to user experience brings never ending list of electronics components into the system. One of the pure critical components in providing the vehicle safety is the digital key or wireless vehicle entry systems. This component is responsible for protecting all the other components of the vehicle and the vehicle itself from thieves and illegal usage of the vehicle. The compromisation of this critical component is equivalent to a compromisation of the entire vehicle along with some legal implications on the vehicle owner. There are numerous additional systems in the automotive electronics enhances the security of this critical digital key/wireless vehicle entry system in protecting the vehicles from attackers. However, there is no component available in the market which does user/owner authentication considering its impact and criticality on both the vehicle and its owner. Either the lost key or the stolen key in the

Ansari, Asadullah, P.C., Karthik, D H, Sharath, Aziz, Mohammad, Mukherjee, Sourik

The Effects of Measurement Uncertainty and Error on Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) Metrics

2022-01-098503/29/2022

As the deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) on public roadways expands, there is a growing need to establish metrics that can be used to evaluate vehicle operational safety. The set of Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) metrics previously proposed by the Institute of Automated Mobility (IAM) are a step towards achieving this goal. The safety envelope OSA metrics can be computed using kinematics derived from video data captured by infrastructure-based cameras and thus do not require vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity, though connectivity could enhance kinematic data accuracy. However, the calculation of some metrics includes certain vehicle-specific parameters that must be assumed or estimated if they are not communicated directly by the vehicle. Uncertainty and errors in kinematic measurements and assumed parameters can affect the accuracy and ultimately the utility of the safety envelope OSA metrics. This paper investigates how uncertainties and errors in measured and

Kidambi, Narayanan, Wishart, Jeffrey, Elli, Maria, Como, Steven

Quantifying System Level Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles in an Urban Corridor

2022-01-017303/29/2022

Numerous studies have demonstrated significant energy reduction for an ego vehicle by up to 20% leveraging Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies [1, 2, 3, 4]. Some studies have also analyzed the impact of such vehicles on the energy consumption of other vehicles in a suburban or a highway corridor [5, 6]. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), in collaboration with Continental and Hyundai, is currently working on a Department of Energy funded project that is focused on quantifying the impact of multiple ego vehicles (smart vehicles) on the total energy consumption of the corridor under various traffic conditions, vehicle electrification level, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technology penetration, and the number of smart (ego) vehicles in an urban setting. A six-kilometer-long urban corridor from Columbus, Ohio was modeled and calibrated via real-world data in PTV Vissim traffic microsimulation software. Five forward-looking powertrain models, consisting of two battery electric vehicles

Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Rengarajan, Sankar, Sarlashkar, Jayant, Hotz, Scott, Bakshi, Kaivalya

The Digital Foundation Platform - A Multi-layered SOA Architecture for Intelligent Connected Vehicle Operating System

2022-01-011603/29/2022

The advancement of E/E architecture has made modern EV a sophisticated and high performance computing system. High level AD/ADAS functions and applications require real time and accurate perception, localization, fusion, planning and control using computer vision or deep learning based AI algorithms to ensure functional safety and comfort user experiences. Legacy AD/ADAS development from OEMs centers around developing functions on ECUs using services provided by Autosar CP to meet automobile grade and mass production requirements. Additionally, Autosar AP has been maturing and provide richer services and function abstractions. Still the applications development and supporting system software and closely coupled together, this makes application development and enhancement less scalable or flexible, resulting in longer development cycle and slower time to market. This paper presents a multi-layered, service-oriented autonomous driving operating system foundation (we called it Digital

yu, david

2.0.105 - Piston Sealing System Structure Design for Automobile's Lightweight Auto-Transmission

SAE-PP-0043509/24/2021

Current automobile's auto-transmission has problems of defects and cost reduction because of welding process and very complicated assembly process due to individualized transmission piston and sealing components. Also, size and heavy weight of transmission piston components are the source of low mileage because they are made of aluminum, steel material. In this study, therefore, we perform structure design for piston sealing system which integrates piston and sealing material for automobile's lightweight auto-transmission. Also performed stress analysis through finite element analysis to secure required suitable strength when internal pressure is applied after assemble.

Mutagaana, Festo

0071 - Testing Download

SAE-PP-0042009/13/2021

The combustion occurring in an internal combustion engine subsequently emits high-intensity acoustic pulse along with exhaust gas flow. Formula SAE competition is imposing restrictions on acoustic emissions from an engine, which necessitates the activity of design and optimization of a high-performance muffler. The muffler has to be designed with the objectives of satisfying acoustic emission norms imposed and as well strategically designed to have less obstruction to exhaust flow and being lightweight to maintain the integrity of a Formula Student car. A novel approach of combining the effect of adsorptive and resonating muffler design has been inculcated in this work after the estimation of muffler size and resonance. The acoustic pressure analysis and exhaust flow efficiency are carried out using Ricardo WAVE. These simulation results are validated with the developed prototype. The developed prototype is ascertained to fulfil the requirement of acoustic emission norms (103 dB[C

SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay, Mutagaana, Festo, Mutz, Jennifer

Full Vehicle Global Modal Identification Based on Deep Neural Network

2021-01-111308/31/2021

Full vehicle modal identification is a major challenge for both experimental and simulated modal results. A global modal is usually masked by nearby local modes, so that even well-experienced engineers have difficulty to identify vehicle modes efficiently. Besides different vehicle configurations e.g. SUV, MPV and hatchback can make the challenge even greater, since the same modal for them will present different characteristics. This paper proposes a deep neural network for vehicle modal identification. This method takes advantage of the deep learning method which has achieved outstanding performance in language translation, computer vision and image processing. It also has the potentiality to improve modal identification efficiency. In general commercial neural network applications, a large number of data is available for training to achieve a robust output. However, the training data for a vehicle modal identification is always limited, as a result, training the network becomes

Lee, Zhen

Automated Driving System Data Logger

J3197_202107 (Current)

07/23/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice provides common data output formats and definitions for a variety of data elements that may be useful for analyzing the performance of automated driving system (ADS) during an event that meets the trigger threshold criteria specified in this document. The document is intended to govern data element definitions, to provide a minimum data element set, and to specify a common ADS data logger record format as applicable for motor vehicle applications. Automated driving systems (ADSs) perform the complete dynamic driving task (DDT) while engaged. In the absence of a human “driver,” the ADS itself could be the only witness of a collision event. As such, a definition of the ADS data recording is necessary in order to standardize information available to the accident reconstructionist. For this purpose, the data elements defined herein supplement the SAE J1698-1 defined EDR in order to facilitate the determination of the background and events leading up to a

Event Data Recorder Committee

Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Cooperative Driving Automation for On-Road Motor Vehicles

J3216_202107 (Current)

07/16/2021

This document describes machine-to-machine (M2M) communication to enable cooperation between two or more participating entities or communication devices possessed or controlled by those entities. The cooperation supports or enables performance of the dynamic driving task (DDT) for a subject vehicle with driving automation feature(s) engaged. Other participants may include other vehicles with driving automation feature(s) engaged, shared road users (e.g., drivers of manually operated vehicles or pedestrians or cyclists carrying personal devices), or road operators (e.g., those who maintain or operate traffic signals or workzones). Cooperative driving automation (CDA) aims to improve the safety and flow of traffic and/or facilitate road operations by supporting the movement of multiple vehicles in proximity to one another. This is accomplished, for example, by sharing information that can be used to influence (directly or indirectly) DDT performance by one or more nearby road users

Cooperative Driving Automation(CDA) Committee

Taxonomy and Definition of Safety Principles for Automated Driving System (ADS)

J3206_202107 (Current)

07/07/2021

This SAE Information Report classifies and defines a harmonized set of safety principles intended to be considered by ADS and ADS-equipped vehicle development stakeholders. The set of safety principles herein is based on the collection and analysis of existing information from multiple entities, reflecting the content and spirit of their efforts, including: SAE ITC AVSC Best Practices CAMP Automated Vehicle Research for Enhanced Safety - Final Report RAND Report - Measuring Automated Vehicle Safety: Forging a Framework U.S. DOT: Automated Driving Systems 2.0 - A Vision for Safety Safety First for Automated Driving (SaFAD) UNECE WP29 amendment proposal UNECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRVA/2019/13 On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-Driving Cars (Intel RSS model) SAE J3018 This SAE Information Report provides guidance for the consideration and application of the safety principles for the development and deployment of ADS and ADS-equipped vehicles. This SAE Information Report is not intended to

On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) committee

Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles

J3016_202104 (Current)

04/30/2021

This document describes [motor] vehicle driving automation systems that perform part or all of the dynamic driving task (DDT) on a sustained basis. It provides a taxonomy with detailed definitions for six levels of driving automation, ranging from no driving automation (Level 0) to full driving automation (Level 5), in the context of [motor] vehicles (hereafter also referred to as “vehicle” or “vehicles”) and their operation on roadways: Level 0: No Driving Automation Level 1: Driver Assistance Level 2: Partial Driving Automation Level 3: Conditional Driving Automation Level 4: High Driving Automation Level 5: Full Driving Automation These level definitions, along with additional supporting terms and definitions provided herein, can be used to describe the full range of driving automation features equipped on [motor] vehicles in a functionally consistent and coherent manner. “On-road” refers to publicly accessible roadways (including parking areas and private campuses that permit

On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) committee