Browse Topic: Spectroscopy

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Development of Advanced Thermoplastic Elastomeric Mat and Its Study on Thermal Performance of Wireless Charging System2026-26-0283To be published on 01/16/2026
This study aimed to develop a thermally conductive TPE mat and assess its performance in comparison to an existing antiskid rubber mat, specifically evaluating its impact on wireless charger efficiency. Moreover, morphological and thermal analyses were conducted to establish a correlation between the material behaviours of the new and current thermally conductive antiskid mats. The process of developing the thermally conductive TPE involved utilizing a two-roll mill followed by compression moulding to achieve a 2D sheet shape. Notably, the thermally conductive mat demonstrated a consistent enhancement in charging efficiency over the conventional antiskid mat. To examine the thermal characteristics, thermal characterization techniques including DSC and TGA were employed for both the existing and newly developed mats. FTIR spectroscopy was also utilized to confirm the presence of organic functional groups within the mat. The morphological analysis of the fillers used to enhance thermal
NAIKWADI, AMOL TARACHAND, Mali, Manoj, Patil, Bhushan, Tata, Srikanth
Determination of Acrylonitrile Content in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates by Py-GCMS Techniques2026-26-0546To be published on 01/16/2026
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile is known for its superior resistance to hydrocarbon oil, low gas permeability and excellent thermal stability. It is extensively used in seals, O-rings, conveyor belts and pneumatic tires. It is worth mentioning that these performance attributes are predominantly influenced by acrylonitrile content. While solid-state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is an established technique for structural characterization of rubber vulcanizates, its high cost and accessibility limits its application in routine industrial analysis. This study aims to develop Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) as a robust, precise, cost-effective alternative to determine acrylonitrile content in NBR vulcanizates. This research demonstrates and establish a method to determine the acrylonitrile (ACN) content in finished rubber vulcanizates through pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS). This method
Samanta, Rajyasree, Ghosh, Debojit, Anjana, Kanhaiya, Sen, Amit, Guria, Biswanath, Chanda, Jagannath, Samui, Barun, Ghosh PhD, Prasenjit, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Wearables: Gold Sensor Performs On-Body Chemical AnalysisTBMG-4695611/01/2022
Design and Computational Investigations of Aerobot for Titan with maneuverability using momentum wheel and propeller equipped with droppable weather stations 2022-26-119105/26/2022
Titan, Saturn’s largest moon and the only celestial body which is found to have a landmass composed of liquid hydrocarbons. Nitrogen – The building block of all life that exists on earth is found to be abundant in Titan’s atmosphere of up to 97%. Aerobots provide a great platform for exploring a celestial body with an atmosphere such as Titan. They have modest power requirements, longer mission duration, and can cover a longer distance in a shorter time. They are powered by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator for optimal mission life. Aerobot’s altitude can be altered by varying the temperature of the air inside the balloon and yaw can be controlled using Reaction Wheel and a motor-driven propeller for forwarding thrust. The proposed Aerobot will be equipped with four miniature deployable fixed weather stations that can be dropped from the aerobot to titan’s surface. They can be deployed at diverse locations such as the equator and Polar Regions to deeply explore the Titan’s climate
Raja, Manoj Kumar, Sivasankaran, Abinash Nataraj, Saravana Mohan, Haribalan, Thangavel, Sabari, R, Vijayanandh, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar
The Effect of Temperature on the Molecular Compositions of External and Internal Gasoline Direct Injection Deposits2021-01-118809/21/2021
The increased severity and prevalence of insoluble deposits formed on fuel injectors in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines precipitates negative environmental, economic and healthcare impacts. A necessary step in mitigating deposits is to unravel the molecular compositions of these complex layered materials. But very little molecular data has been acquired. Mass spectrometry shows promise but most techniques require the use of solvents, making them unsuited for analyzing insoluble deposits. Here, we apply the high mass-resolving power and in-situ analysis capabilities of 3D OrbitrapTM secondary ion mass spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) to characterize deposits formed on the external tip and internal needle from a GDI injector. This is the first application of the technique to study internal GDI deposits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present up to higher maximum masses in the external deposit. Lubricating oil derived sulfonates are more intense in the internal deposit
Edney, Max K., Smith, Emily F., Wilmot, Edward, Reid, Jacqueline, Barker, Jim, Alexander, Morgan R., Snape, Colin E., Scurr, David J.
Formaldehydes Measurement Using Laser Spectroscopic Gas Analyzer2021-01-060404/06/2021
The use of alternative fuels, especially oxygenated fuels in automobile engines, has been increasing owing to the stringent global fuel economy and emission regulations. As a result, it is concerned that the emissions of alcohols and aldehydes have increased significantly. Aldehydes, formaldehyde (HCHO) in particular, are non-criteria pollutants that are acutely toxic and/or carcinogenic. Several reports have associated HCHO with potential lung and airway cancers. Therefore, emission regulations for these compounds have already been implemented in several areas worldwide. The conventional measurement (impinger, etc.) methods for HCHO possess advantages and disadvantages. HCHO can be measured with high sensitivity if measured in a batch. However, in real-time measurements, low concentration measurements are challenging. To overcome this challenge, a real-time HCHO analyzer for low concentration measurement of 0.1 ppm resolution in real time of 10Hz was developed in this study based on
Hara, Kenji, Shibuya, Kyoji, Nagura, Naoki, Hanada, Takaaki, Tsurumi, Kazuya
Development of On-Board NH 3 and N 2 O Analyzer Utilizing Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy2021-01-061004/06/2021
The authors present a portable NH3 and N2O analyzer utilizing mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy for on-board emission measurements. The developed analyzer employs a newly developed absorption spectroscopy named “infrared laser absorption modulation”, hereinafter referred to as IRLAM, for the signal acquisition and concentration determination. Because of IRLAM’s simple and robust signal processing scheme, a highly sensitive, selective and robust measurement system can be realized within a compact size. The following performance metrics of the new analyzer are presented: linearity, detection limit, response time and zero/span drift. Notably, the detection limit (defined as 2σ of the zero signal) of ≤ 0.1 ppm is achieved in both NH3 and N2O measurements. The influence of vibration, and changes in environment conditions such as ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, are also tested. The effect of random vibrations had little observable impact on the measurement noise level
Onishi, Yusuke, Hamauchi, Shota, Shibuya, Kyoji, McWilliams-Ward, Keegan, Akita, Masanobu, Tsurumi, Kazuya
Quantum-Limit-Approaching Chemical Sensing ChipTBMG-3863903/01/2021
University at Buffalo researchers are reporting an advancement of a chemical sensing chip that could lead to handheld devices that detect trace chemicals — everything from illicit drugs to pollution — as quickly as a breathalyzer identifies alcohol.
Compact Infrared SpectrometerTBMG-3847302/01/2021
Mobile phones can do almost anything. With these devices, it might even be possible to ascertain a beer’s alcohol content or how ripe a piece of fruit is. The infrared spectrometers used today for chemical analyses generally weigh several kilograms and are difficult to integrate into a handheld device.
Lenslet-Based Integral Field SpectrographTBMG-3799111/01/2020
An integral field spectrograph (IFS) is an instrument combining spectrographic and imaging capabilities. IFSs provide spectral information over a 2D field of view. In lenslet-based IFS designs, a lenslet array is placed in the spectrograph entrance plane. All beams generated by the lenslet array are fed through a dispersive element and imaged by a camera, resulting in a spectrum for each individual lenslet.
Millimeter Wave Technology Joins the Fight to Prevent Future Viral OutbreaksTBMG-3785210/01/2020
The next breakthrough in the fight against deadly viral outbreaks may be just a higher frequency away. While millimeter wave (MMW) devices are more commonly associated with military applications, remote sensing, security screening and next generation telecommunications, there is an even more pressing need for this technology. That would include breaking down barriers in research in order to gain new insight into the mechanics of viral transfer.
Quantum Switch Turns Metals into InsulatorsTBMG-3781510/01/2020
Most modern electronic devices rely on tiny, finely tuned electrical currents to process and store information. These currents dictate how fast computers run, how regularly pacemakers tick, and how securely money is stored in the bank. Researchers have demonstrated a new way to precisely control such electrical currents by leveraging the interaction between an electron's spin (the quantum magnetic field it inherently carries) and its orbital rotation around the nucleus.
A Measurement of Fuel Filters’ Ability to Remove Soft Particles, with a Custom-Built Fuel Filter Rig2020-01-213009/15/2020
Biofuel can enable a sustainable transport solution and lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to standard fuels. This study focuses on biodiesel, implemented in the easiest way as drop in fuel. When mixing biodiesel into diesel one can run into problems with solubility causing contaminants precipitating out as insolubilities. These insolubilities, also called soft particles, can cause problems such as internal injector deposits and nozzle fouling. One way to overcome the problem of soft particles is by filtration. It is thus of great interest to be able to quantify fuel filters’ ability to intercept soft particles. The aim of this study is to test different fuel filters for heavy-duty engines and their ability to filter out synthetic soft particles. A custom-built fuel filter rig is presented, together with some of its general design requirements. For evaluation of the efficiency of the filters, fuel samples were taken before and after the filters. The fuel samples were analyzed with
Csontos, Botond, Hittig, Henrik, Pach, Mayte, Bernemyr, Hanna, Erlandsson, Anders
Smart Surgical MicroscopeTBMG-3746908/01/2020
Researchers have shown that hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence could predict the presence of cancer cells with 80 to 90% accuracy in 293 tissue specimens from 102 head and neck cancer surgery patients. The smart surgical microscope could help surgeons better detect cancer during surgery, reduce operating time, lower medical costs, and save lives. Hyperspectral imaging is noninvasive, portable, and does not require radiation or a contrast agent.
Ammonia Measurement Investigation Using Quantum Cascade Laser and Two Different Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Methods2020-01-036504/14/2020
Most diesel engine exhausts have been fitted with SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction) in order to reduce NOX (Oxides of Nitrogen) by using NH3 (ammonia). However, both NOX and NH3 have been classified as compounds hazardous for the environment and human health. If the reaction between NOX and NH3 is unbalanced during treatment, it can lead to either NOX or NH3 being released into the environment. Accurate measurement is thus necessary. QCL (Quantum Cascade Laser) and FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) are two methods that have been used to measure NH3 and NOX directly in diesel engine exhausts. However, only a few studies have compared those two methods of NH3 measurement, mainly from diesel engine exhausts. The aim of this paper is to compare the QCL and 2 different FTIR specifications for NH3 measurement directly from diesel engine exhausts under well-controlled laboratory conditions. Researchers have found that as NH3 is reactive, it is absorbed inside the exhaust pipe if the probe
Li, Nilton, El-Hamalawi, Ashraf, Barrett, Richard, Baxter, Jim
Durability Study of Automotive Additive Manufactured Specimens2020-01-095704/14/2020
The long-term weathering behavior of three different 3D printable, non-stabilized, UV cure resin formulations (A and B with thiol-ene base, and C with acrylate chemistry) was studied using tensile testing, nano-indentation, and photoacoustic infrared (FTIR-PAS) spectroscopy. To this end, type I tensile bars were printed from each resin system using a 3D printer, and were post UV-cured under a broad spectrum source. Systems A and C showed a similar trend after weathering. They first experienced an increase in modulus and tensile strength, due to additional crosslinking of the residual unreacted species. This increase in mechanical properties was followed by a drop in modulus, tensile strength, and percent elongation, due to the over-crosslinking and consequent embrittlement. System B, however, showed remarkable retention of the mechanical properties before/after weathering. Nano-indentation results were in good agreement with the tensile properties, showing a similar trend in hardness
Zareanshahraki, Forough, Davenport, Amelia, Cramer, Neil, Seubert, Christopher, Lee, Ellen, Cassoli, Matthew
Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Correlated Oxide Field Effect Switching Devices for High Speed Electronics20AERP04_1004/01/2020
The response of correlated oxides to strong electric fields and their dynamics is investigated using electrical transport measurements and electronic structure studies. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Metal insulator transitions (MITs) in oxides are an intriguing problem from both a fundamental materials physics and an applied technology perspective. Though the precise roles of electron correlations and lattice distortions on the phase transition remains an active area of research, many recent theoretical studies have suggested intimate interplay among the orbital splitting/polarization, correlation effects, and Peierls dimerization in the 3d1 system. Occupied states have been probed by x ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS), and a rough structure of unoccupied 3d-like states have been deduced by O K-edge x-ray absorption measurements. NbO2, a 4d1 system, like VO2 cry stallizes in a distorted rutile type structure with Nb dimers and undergoes a temperature induced
Researchers Hope to Make Needle Pricks for Diabetics a Thing of the PastTBMG-3624003/01/2020
Patients with diabetes have to test their blood sugar levels several times a day to make sure they are not getting too high or too low. Studies have shown that more than half of patients don’t test often enough, in part because of the pain and inconvenience of the needle prick.
Ultrasensitive Vapor Detection SystemTBMG-3597602/01/2020
An ultrasensitive technology detects explosive vapors, deadly chemicals, and illicit drugs and works in seconds. The ion chemistry technique initially identified RDX — a common explosive compound — at 10 parts per quadrillion (ppq). The original technology also identified explosive compounds such as C-4, PETN, Semtex, nitroglycerin, and tetryl. The system was enhanced to detect many more explosive vapors, including TNT, as well as vapors emanating from toxic chemicals similar in structure to nerve agents. The latest enhancement is the ability to detect vapors from illicit drugs such as fentanyl, methamphetamine, and cocaine.
3D Meta-Optics for High-Energy LasersTBMG-3511809/01/2019
The scope of this research radically changed the way novel components are designed and fabricated for high-energy applications. This 3D Meta-Optics platform was, and is, essentially engineering the electromagnetic fields in 3D dielectric structures. The results have provided a class of transformational optical components that can be integrated at all levels throughout a high-energy laser system.
Portable Electrochemical Sensing SystemTBMG-3514109/01/2019
An electrochemical sensing system that significantly improves the ability to rapidly and accurately detect heavy metals in biological and environmental samples was developed. Using a simple blood sample from a finger prick, the system identifies and eliminates exposure to toxic metals such as lead. These dangerous elements continue to pose a significant health concern, especially to children.
Graphene-Based Technology for Wearable Health MonitoringTBMG-3459306/01/2019
Graphene Flagship partner ICFO, based in Barcelona, Spain is developing graphene-based prototypes that aim to turn mobile phones into life saving devices. The first of these will allow users to monitor their level of exposure to sunlight through a UV sensor. Designed as a flexible, transparent and disposable patch, it connects to a mobile device and alerts the user once he or she has reached a defined threshold of sun exposure.
Matrix-Free Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Using Metal-Organic FrameworksTBMG-3453406/01/2019
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique that is widely applied in the characterization of large biomolecules using various mass spectrometry (MS) analyzers, specifically, time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers. The MALDI process involves the deposition of an analyte solution onto a metal substrate before the addition of a matrix. The matrix/analyte dry spot is exposed to a UV laser, and the laser energy that is absorbed by the matrix/analyte is converted into heat energy that initiates charge transfer, which results in the desorption of the matrix and analyte molecules in ionized form. The positive ions are then accelerated through a vacuum into MS analyses.
Matrix-Free Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Using Metal-Organic Frameworks19AERP06_1006/01/2019
Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique that is widely applied in the characterization of large biomolecules using various mass spectrometry (MS) analyzers, specifically, time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers. The MALDI process involves the deposition of an analyte solution onto a metal substrate before the addition of a matrix. The matrix/analyte dry spot is exposed to a UV laser, and the laser energy that is absorbed by the matrix/analyte is converted into heat energy that initiates charge transfer, which results in the desorption of the matrix and analyte molecules in ionized form. The positive ions are then accelerated through a vacuum into MS analyses. The MALDI process, however, lacks guiding systematic principles, which has resulted in mostly empirical work. For example, there is no universal matrix that can be used in the MALDI-MS analysis of biomolecules
Radiometric Temperature Measurement Using a DLP-Based PyrometerTBMG-3438905/01/2019
Researchers at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center have identified and evaluated recently available miniature spectrometers that enable compact and robust pyrometry systems capable of measuring aircraft surface temperatures and emissivity during flight.
S-Curve Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometerTBMG-3440605/01/2019
Time-of flight mass spectrometers are commonly used in analytical chemistry and many other applications. They contain a region where ions travel toward a detector. A new geometry was developed that has improved performance over existing designs.
Are Internal Diesel Injector Deposits (IDID) Mainly Linked to Biofuel Chemical Composition or/and Engine Operation Condition?2019-01-006101/15/2019
The increased use of alternative fuels has been linked to performance deterioration of injectors and engines as a result of internal diesel injector deposits (IDID). The present paper investigates fuel composition impact on injector tendency to blockage. Three main areas were investigated : (1) deposits linked to paraffins and aromatics content; (2) deposits linked to biodiesel composition using fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and hydrotreated vegetal oil (HVO); and (3) deposits linked to the presence of additives (Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride DDSA, Dodecenyl Succinimid DDSI and Sodium Naphthenate). A deposit formation method was developed for the injection bench in order to discriminate the impact of fuels on system performance in terms of fuel volume injected, injection duration and stability. Three operation conditions were tested to represent low, intermediate and high load. In addition, the influence of soaking time and injector heating temperature was evaluated. The nature of the
Alves Fortunato, Maira, Lenglet, Francis, Ben Amara, Arij, Starck, Laurie
Researchers Map Light and Sound Wave Interactions in Optical FibersTBMG-3356701/01/2019
Optical fibers make the Internet happen. They are fine threads of glass, as thin as a human hair, produced to transmit light. Optical fibers carry thousands of gigabits of data per second across the world and back. The same fibers also guide ultrasound waves, somewhat similar to those used in medical imaging.
Control of the Diameter and Chiral Angle Distributions During Production of Single-Wall Carbon NanotubesTBMG-3360101/01/2019
Pulsed laser vaporization (PLV) production of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on traditional Co/Ni catalyst was explored with respect to variations in the production temperature. The Rh/Pd results were also reproduced for comparison. The nanotube-type populations were measured via photoluminescence (PL), UV-Vis-NIR (ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared) absorption, and Raman spectroscopy. A small reduction in the average nanotube diameter at lowered production temperature has long been known to occur; however, temperature effect on nanotube population (and not just for diameters) has never been explored.
Sensor Combination Detects People by SmellTBMG-3337912/01/2018
Trained rescue dogs are the best disaster workers — their sensitive noses help them track down people buried by earthquakes or avalanches. But dogs need breaks. A new measuring device is always ready for use.
Device Assesses and Monitors Lymphedema NoninvasivelyTBMG-3344912/01/2018
Lymphedema is the swelling that generally occurs in the arms or legs caused by the removal of or damage to lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment. Treating it at the earliest possible stage is the best way to manage the condition and prevent it from leading to pain, recurrent infection, reduced mobility, and impaired function.
Portable Acousto-Optic SpectrometersTBMG-3339812/01/2018
Spectrometers are widely used for applications such as chemical analysis, remote sensing, quality control, environmental monitoring, spaceborne measurements, and optical measurements. Most spectrometers are based on using dispersive elements such as prisms, gratings, or etalons. These spectrometers typically have moving parts that induce spurious readings due to vibrations, and have limited use due to their limited spectral range and resolution capabilities, which in turn limit their use when needed for portable field applications.
New Catalyst for Plastic Production Also Creates HydrogenTBMG-3339012/01/2018
Researchers have developed a new, low-cost catalyst for plastic production that turns a biorefinery product into a starting material for the synthesis of plastics, which could represent a sustainable alternative to widespread PET. At the same time, hydrogen can also be formed during the reaction.
A Nanotech Sensor Turns Molecular Fingerprints into Bar CodesTBMG-3287109/01/2018
Infrared spectroscopy is the benchmark method for detecting and analyzing organic compounds. However, that requires complicated procedures and large, expensive instruments, making device miniaturization challenging and hindering its use for some industrial and medical applications. It is also difficult to use it for data collection in the field, such as measuring pollutant concentrations. Furthermore, since it is fundamentally limited by low sensitivity, it requires large samples.
Spatial Resolution and Contrast of a Focused Diffractive Plenoptic CameraTBMG-3289809/01/2018
The concept of an imaging system that captures both spatial and spectral information has existed for a while. An example of one such imaging system that encodes both location and wavelength into an image is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS).
Promising Research Could Lead to New Strategies in NMR and MRI Using Diamonds and LasersTBMG-3246208/01/2018
Defects in the lattice of diamonds produce more than just beautiful coloration. A new approach developed by researchers at UC Berkeley's College of Chemistry shows great promise for enhancing the signal from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using lasers without expensive magnets.
Mobile Instrument Detects and Samples Aerosol ParticlesTBMG-2884705/01/2018
Hazardous airborne particles pose a risk for health and safety in a variety of environments; thus, detection of these small particles is essential. Current particle magnification systems are bulky and require a lot of power for operation, making them unsuitable to easily detect and analyze small particles in mobile and personal settings.
Miniature Mass SpectrometerTBMG-2886405/01/2018
For decades, mass spectrometers have offered a relatively fast and highly sensitive way to analyze and detect chemical compounds. But their bulky size has been a hindrance, limiting the in-field potential of the instruments. Though smaller spectrometers have been developed in the past, they’ve generally been less sensitive, and more likely to break down.
Correlation SpectrometerTBMG-2884505/01/2018
Correlation spectroscopy is an attractive technique for sensing and analysis applications because it combines the attributes of mechanical and optical simplicity, high selectivity, and good sensitivity. In correlation spectroscopy, the degree of correlation between the transmission of an unknown sample and a reference cell containing a known target compound, or chemical species, is determined over a fixed spectral range.
Battery Impedance Measurement with Step Current of Different Amplitude under Temperature and State of Charge Control2018-01-044304/03/2018
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is often applied to analyze and describe the battery internal electrochemical processes. And the methods of battery state estimation including state of health diagnosis with electrochemical impedance have attracted a wide attention. In the paper, a novel fast impedance measuring method based on wavelet transform with a step excitation current is proposed and further studied. With the method, the current generated by the electric vehicle and the responding voltage of the battery can be utilized to calculate and provide the battery impedance for the battery management system. Taking into account the varying amplitude of the current and the battery states, the battery impedance was measured with step excitation signals of different amplitude at different temperature and state of charge (SOC). Then the battery impedance was calculated with the proposed method and compared to the electrochemical impedance measured with an electrochemical
Wang, Xueyuan, Zhang, Junhan, Wei, Xuezhe, Dai, Haifeng
A Novel Battery Impedance Model Considering Internal Temperature Gradient2018-01-043604/03/2018
Battery models are often applied to describe the dynamic characteristics of batteries and can be used to predict the state of the battery. Due to the process of charging and discharging, the battery heat generation will cause the inhomogeneity between inner battery temperature and surface temperature. In this paper, a novel battery impedance model, which takes the impact of the battery internal temperature gradient on battery impedance into account, is proposed to improve the battery model performance. Several experiments are designed and conducted for pouch typed battery to investigate the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characteristics with the artificial temperature gradient (using a heating plate). Experimental results indicate that the battery internal temperature gradient will influence battery EIS regularly. Using the experimental result without temperature gradient, and with the parameter identification based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), the relationship
Jiang, Bo, Dai, Haifeng, Zhu, Jiangong
Cobalt Oxygen-Evolving Catalysts for Clean Solar FuelTBMG-2871204/01/2018
By splitting a water molecule into two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen, scientists can use the Sun’s energy to make a clean fuel. Splitting a water molecule requires a metal catalyst to get the reaction started. Recently, much scientific attention has focused on cobalt, a relatively abundant and inexpensive catalyst that — in the right circumstances — can serve as an escort to an electronic connection between hydrogens and oxygens.
Portable Electrochemical Sensing SystemTBMG-2853303/01/2018
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have developed an inexpensive electrochemical sensing system that significantly improves the ability to rapidly and accurately detect heavy metals in biological and environmental samples.
Sensor Networks — The Platform for a Connected FarmTBMG-2852603/01/2018
Farming has not been untouched by the IoT revolution. The relationships among field conditions, crops, and strategies for planting, irrigating, and harvesting are complex, yet vital for the success of the enterprise. Agricultural machines such as tractors, combines, mowers, and balers are key to smooth operations. Intelligent, addressable sensors on the machines and in the fields, enable farm managers to keep track of operations that are not only widely dispersed but also in motion.
Fourier Transform Spectrometer SystemTBMG-2833602/01/2018
NASA's Langley Research Center and Science Applications International Corporation have developed a method of processing data from Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) measurements that improves upon existing methods. This method is simpler, more accurate, faster, and less expensive than previous methods. It uses less hardware and can be used with all wavelengths.
Wireless Handheld Spectrometer Transmits Data to SmartphoneTBMG-2812001/01/2018
Spectral images, which contain more color information than is obtainable with a typical camera, reveal characteristics of tissue and other biological samples that can't be seen by the naked eye. A new smartphone-compatible device that is held like a pencil could make it practical to acquire spectral images of everyday objects and may eventually be used for point-of-care medical diagnosis in remote locations.
Nickel Oxide Compound for High-Temperature SuperconductorsTBMG-2817701/01/2018
Superconducting materials are technologically important because electricity flows through them without resistance. Only low-temperature superconductivity seemed possible before 1986, but materials that superconduct at low temperatures are impractical because they must first be cooled to hundreds of degrees below zero. In 1986, discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxide compounds, called cuprates, engendered new technological potential for the phenomenon.
Detector System for High-Resolution ImagingTBMG-2799012/01/2017
A large-area detector without any dead space capable of handling a large dynamic range does not currently exist. Current large-area detectors have dead zones created by abutting several modules together. These detectors are counting detectors, which are good only for low-flux operations. Other integrating detectors currently being developed are also modular assemblies with dead areas, and are expandable in only one direction (as these are only two-side-buttable).
Q&A: Dr. Raheem Beyah, Interim Steve W. Chaddick School Chair and Motorola Foundation Professor and Associate Chair, Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GATBMG-2827912/01/2017
Dr. Beyah and a team of researchers from Georgia Tech and Rutgers University have developed a three-layer system to verify that components produced using additive manufacturing have not been compromised.
Smartphone Device Performs Optical SpectroscopyTBMG-2762109/28/2017
Researchers have demonstrated that mobile devices incorporating their sensor can provide accurate measurements of optical absorption spectra of colored liquids or the optically scattered spectra of solid objects. In other words, a mobile device incorporating the lab-in-a-smartphone “science camera” could accurately read liquid-based or paper-based medical tests in which the end result is a material that changes from one color to another in the presence of a specific analyte.
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