Browse Topic: X-by-wire

Items (21)

S400 Copper Media Interface Characteristics Over Extended Distances

AS5643/1A (Current)07/09/2019

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE-1394-2008 Beta (formerly IEEE-1394b) as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data bus cable and its interface electronics for a system utilizing S400 over copper medium over extended lengths. This document contains extensions/restrictions to “off-the-shelf” IEEE-1394 standards, and assumes that the reader already has a working knowledge of IEEE-1394. This document does not identify specific environmental requirements (electromagnetic compatibility, temperature, vibration, etc.); such requirements will be vehicle-specific and even LRU-specific. However, the hardware requirements and examples contained herein do address many of the environmental conditions that military and aerospace vehicles may experience. One should refer to the appropriate sections of MIL-STD-461E for their particular LRU, and utilize handbooks such as MIL-HDBK-454A and MIL-HDBK-5400 for guidance. This

AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee

Automotive Engineering: May 2017

17AUTP0505/04/2017

Innovations for lightweighting Tough fuel-economy bogies for 2021 and beyond are driving new approaches to materials use, as seen in these case studies. Axellent progress AAM's new Quantum drive-axle technology is a leap forward in lightweight, efficient driveline systems aimed at 2020 and beyond. Low-temperature combustion ready for prime time? At SAE's High-Efficiency IC Engines Symposium, Delphi said its new, third-generation GDCI is promising, but even LTC proponents admit that challenges remain. More automation for ECU testing The latest fault-insertion tests enable engineers to run more test cases in less time. Preview: SAE readies new Connect2Car conference for fusion of auto, tech sectors Editorial: The first 100 days versus the first 100 years SAE Standards News SAE collaborates on Clean Cars project Supplier Eye Toward a "by wire" vehicle Tech leaders talk AI, security, next-gen HMI Overcoming the 'CO2 penalty' of autonomous vehicles New autonomous-driving module uses raw

SUPPLIER EYE

17AUTP05_0805/01/2017

Toward a “by wire” vehicle When President Kennedy proclaimed in 1961 that the U.S. would put a man on the moon by 1969, the engineers and scientists involved knew that building the delivery systems had to be a staged process of constant improvement. Creating the knowledge base, supplier capability, test regimens and importantly, the experience and reliability, were all tightly defined through the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs. Skipping a step or shortcutting any development phase would have resulted in failure. The road to autonomous driving is, to a lesser degree, a “moonshot” of its own. This is becoming evident as new “by wire” capabilities are integrated into the vehicle in stages. Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA) and other enhanced control/detection technologies require a host of new technologies: new sensors operating in “fusion” with others that are more flexible; offering vastly enhanced computing speed and capacity; and networked

Damage-Free Finishing of Silicon X-Ray Optics Using Magnetic Field-Assisted Finishing

TBMG-20947

11/01/2014

Thin, segmented mirrors have been fabricated from monocrystalline silicon blocks. The material is economically viable, and is virtually free of internal stress because of its nearly perfect crystalline structure. The mirror surfaces will first be accurately figured and finished on thick silicon blocks, then sliced off at the desired thickness by wire electro-discharge machining. A finishing process has been conceived in which existing mirror-finishing processes are adapted to be capable of quickly and accurately figuring and finishing damage-free, segmented, monocrystalline silicon mirrors in a cost-efficient manner.

Electrical Architecture Optimization and Selection - Cost Minimization via Wire Routing and Wire Sizing

2014-01-032004/01/2014

In this paper, we propose algorithms for cost minimization of physical wires that are used to connect electronic devices in the vehicle. The wiring cost is one of the most important drivers of electrical architecture selection. Our algorithms perform wire routing from a source device to a destination device through harnesses, by selecting the optimized wire size. In addition, we provide optimized splice allocation with limited constraints. Based on the algorithms, we develop a tool which is integrated into an off-the-shelf optimization and workflow system-level design tool. The algorithms and the tool provide an efficient, flexible, scalable, and maintainable approach for cost analysis and architecture selection.

Lin, Chung-Wei, Rao, Lei, D'Ambrosio, Joseph, Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Alberto

What CAN Go Wrong in CAN (Timing Analysis)

2009-01-137804/20/2009

The advent of active-safety and safety-critical functions, including by-wire systems, and the interdependency of these functions is rapidly changing the scenario of automotive systems. OEMs need to understand and control functional and timing properties, including end-to-end latencies of distributed computations. The evaluation of the timing behavior can be very complex, considering the communication and synchronization model between application tasks, middleware, and network drivers, and the scheduling choices for tasks and messages. In this view, the timing behavior of CAN messages is of very high importance. In this paper we present some of the challenges in the evaluation of CAN message latencies.

Di Natale, Marco

Automatic Test Case Generation for Safety-Related Embedded Systems

2008-01-011404/14/2008

Software testing for embedded systems is based on a labor-intensive manual process, which often fails to provide the required level of quality. Nevertheless, faults within software systems, especially those which are relevant for safety-related applications (e.g., Steer-by-Wire, Break-by-Wire), must be detected to prevent the occurrence of a catastrophe. Considering upcoming technologies such as X-By-Wire systems, future software for embedded systems will become more complex and a higher level of quality has to be achieved. This will lead to a significantly increased testing effort. Thus, a systematic method for automated software testing is highly desirable.

Dämon, Peter

Antenna Embedded Door Handle for Smart Key System

2005-01-131904/11/2005

It is necessary for a door handle for the smart-key system to adapt for various door handle structures. The smart-key door handle, of course, should have competitiveness. For developing the next generation of the smart-key door handle, we considered that compact sizing and easy manufacturing are the key issues. Therefore, we tried to use the wire harness as an antenna and a sensor for the smart-key system. Moreover, the bending-forming method has been developed to achieve this idea. We will introduce the development process with the commitment to improve commercial value exampling the smart-key door handle development.

Ieda, Kiyokazu, Itoh, Takeshi

Distributed Control System Development for FlexRay-based Systems

2005-01-127904/11/2005

FlexRay is a new communication subsystem for future in-vehicle controls. There is a lack of mature model-based development methodologies to build complex FlexRay-based systems. In this paper we describe an end-to-end model-based development process for building a complex FlexRay-based distributed control system. We describe this in the context of safety critical x-by-wire systems for a realistic automotive application. This involves: control system modeling, functional simulation, and distributed software development. We first describe the process of functional and physical architecture design. Next we discuss the software development process dealing with software to hardware allocation, as well as scheduling of software and communication tasks on a time-triggered communication bus under stringent practical restrictions. We conclude by considering the integration issues relating to joint OEM/supplier development of distributed control systems. The above experience has been obtained

Mishra, Pradyumna K., Naik, Sanjeev M.

X-by-Wire Functionality, Performance and Infrastructure

2004-21-004310/18/2004

The key-enabler for tomorrow's X-by-wire systems is the mastery of today's advanced active chassis control systems that are highly safety critical, distributed and complex. The only feasible way is to compose future X-by- wire systems with established and field approved functional management, components and infrastructure technologies, which are addressed in this paper.

Ayoubi, Mihiar, Demmeler, Thilo, Leffler, Heinz, Köhn, Philip

Novel Self-monitoring Magnetoresistive Sensor System for Automotive Angular Measurement Applications

2002-01-107903/04/2002

Self-monitoring sensor systems are an important safety factor, especially in automotive applications. For example x-by-wire systems need improved error recognition during normal operation mode. Angle measurement systems using the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect provide an innovative way to overcome common problems of Hall sensors. The paper describes a powerful angular measurement system with self-monitoring functions on-chip. The system is fully programmable by the user, allowing to cover a wide spread of angular measurement applications.

Weser, Marcus, Harmansa, Adrian

Delphi Secured Microcontroller Architecture

2000-01-105203/06/2000

As electronics take on ever-increasing roles in automotive systems, greater scrutiny will be placed on those electronics that are employed in control systems. X-By-Wire systems, that is, steer- and/or brake-by-wire systems will control chassis functions without the need for mechanical backup. These systems will have distributed fault-tolerant and fail-safe architectures and may require new standards in communication protocols between nodes (nodes can be considered as communication relay points). At the nodes, the “host” application Electronic Controller Unit (ECU) will play a pivotal role in assessing its own viability. The microcontroller architecture proposed in this paper focuses on ensuring thorough detection of hardware faults in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and related circuits, thus providing a generic fail-silent building block for embedded systems. Embedded controllers that implement the Delphi Secured Microcontroller Architecture will provide high deterministic fault

Fruehling, Terry L.

Radio-Frequency Wireless Flight-Control System

TBMG-2952902/01/2000

Technological advances have driven the evolution of aircraft flight-control systems. In the dawn of 20th-century aviation, the Wright Brothers used cables and warping of wing surfaces to change the shapes of flight-control surfaces. As engineers designed aircraft capable of flying faster, higher, and farther, the forces needed for controlling the aircraft surpassed the physical abilities of pilots. Hydraulics were introduced to provide the pilot with the capability to manipulate the flight-control surfaces on the wings and tail of the aircraft. NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) has been instrumental in effecting the continuing evolution of aviation technology by exploring ways of replacing hydraulics with "power by wire" actuators; an instance of this effort was reported in "Design-ing Electrically Powered Actuators for Aircraft" (DRC-9609), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 21, No. 10 (October 1997), page 84.

Basecoats with Direct Adhesion to TPO

98070802/23/1998

Chlorinated polyolefins are commonly used to promote adhesion of subsequent paint layers to thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO). In certain instances, flame, plasma, or chemical treatments are also used to increase the surface free energy of the TPO so that the subsequent coating adhesion performance is enhanced. Elimination of the intervening steps required for adhesion promotion would result in cost savings and VOC reduction for the production facilities involved in painting substrates. Basecoat formulations have been developed which have passed the initial requirements for a commercial TPO / paint system without adhesion promoter. This is accomplished by modifying the basecoat formulations with olefinic diol. Initial performance results for these new olefinic basecoats over TPO will be presented.

Kondos, Constantine A., Kahle, Charles F.

Development of a Shift By Wire Synchronized 5-Speed Manual Transmission

98083102/23/1998

This paper describes the modification of a rear wheel drive manual transmission for the purpose of shifting using electromechanical actuators under microprocessor control. This Shift By Wire (SBW) technology has applications in automated manual transmission systems and shift assist systems. The system is optimized for shift comfort and shift speed. A test vehicle was outfitted with the system and evaluated. The development concerns for this type of program are discussed and prototype results of the undertaken program are presented.

Bansbach, Eric A.

HIGH POWER SURFACE MOUNT PACKAGES

98034902/23/1998

Hundt, Michael

Multicolor CIG-FIP for Automotive Applications

910352

02/01/1991

A multicolor Chip-In-Glass Fluorescent Indicator Panel (CIG-FIP) has been applied to “Diamante,” MMC's new car, as an air conditioning display system. Operating in static mode, the display realizes clear and high luminance in the colors of yellow, red, and sky-blue. Display characteristics and features of a next generation driver IC for a CIG-FIP are described. Also, an advanced CIG-FIP using these driver ICs is reviewed.

Yoshida, Y., Saeki, H., Akiyama, T., Takahashi, K., Tokuda, Y., Uchimura, T.

Forestry Tire Selection For Optimal Skidder Performance

850766

04/01/1985

Usage of flotation and dual tires on log skidders is increasing in popularity. This paper covers the effect that these two concepts have on optimizing the performance of the machine and their benefits to the end user.

Jensen, Lawrence A., Klaas, Roger N.

Comparison of Wire Rope Life Using Nylon and Steel Sheaves-Part 1: Test Methodology and Comparison of Wire Rope Endurance Life

79090402/01/1979

A methodology was developed to test wire rope endurance characteristics to ANSI B30.5 removal criteria. Under field simulated loads, wire rope was cycled so that each rope section had 180° contact with one nylon sheave and one steel sheave until the rope replacement criteria designated by wire breaks was attained. At a load equal to 10% and 20% of the ultimate strength of the wire rope, the rope at the nylon sheave side endured 4.5 and 2.2 times as many cycles as compared to the wire rope on the steel sheave side.

Chen, John H., Ursell, C. R.

Flight Monitoring and Analysis

68067002/01/1968

By utilizing the computer, flight monitoring and analysis attains rapid and precise evaluation of hazardous conditions in the aircraft. This system will establish safety norms where previously airborne information has been highly individual. Pilot competence can be studied correctively. Routine FAA inspections can be reduced with confidence.

Ferrarese, J. A.

A Communication System for Driver Aid, Information, and Routing

67011102/01/1967

A new concept in communications for the motorist called DAIR for Driver Aid, Information, and Routing is described. It is designed to assist the driver with his peripheral functions so that he can concentrate his attention on driving. DAIR automatically gives routing instructions, communicates traffic signs and roadside messages, and provides a radio link to call for emergency assistance or information. The system is cooperative between the motorist and the road authority but is independent of other motorists. Demonstration hardware has been designed around the Citizens Band to take advantage of the mobile transceivers already in service. DAIR can be implemented in a building block fashion using the CB transceiver as the basic component.

Hanysz, Eugene A.

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