ABSTRACT A simulation capable of modeling grid-tied electrical systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) resource sharing was developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the steady state admittance matrix approach, the unknown currents and voltages within the network are determined at each time step. This eliminates the need for states associated with the distributed system. Each vehicle has two dynamic states: (1) stored energy and (2) fuel consumed while the generators have only a single fuel consumed state. One of its potential uses is to assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption with respect to the control system parameters used to maintain a vehicle-centric bus voltage under dynamic loading conditions.

Jane, Robert S., Parker, Gordon G., Weaver, Wayne W., Goldsmith, Steven Y.

Test Cycle Simulation of Bench Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

15-17-03-0015

07/31/2024

Abstract Test cycle simulation is an essential part of the vehicle-in-the-loop test, and the deep reinforcement learning algorithm model is able to accurately control the drastic change of speed during the simulated vehicle driving process. In order to conduct a simulated cycle test of the vehicle, a vehicle model including driver, battery, motor, transmission system, and vehicle dynamics is established in MATLAB/Simulink. Additionally, a bench load simulation system based on the speed-tracking algorithm of the forward model is established. Taking the driver model action as input and the vehicle gas/brake pedal opening as the action space, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is used to update the entire model. This process yields the dynamic response of the output end of the bench model, ultimately producing the optimal intelligent driver model to simulate the vehicle’s completion of the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) on the bench. The results indicate that

Gong, Xiaohao, Li, Xu, Hu, Xiong, Li, Wenli

EDITORIAL: It's not nothing, man

24AUTP06_0406/01/2024

Mathematicians, hold your ire. There's a hidden message in this issue that there's no difference between zero and infinity. Let me explain. In mid-May, I attended VI-Grade's Zero Prototype Summit (ZPS). As the name suggests, the company - like so many others working in the test simulation space - is trying to provide OEMs and suppliers with the tools to reduce the number of physical prototypes that have to be developed and built before those vehicles or components reach production-ready status. We haven't yet entered the zero-prototype automotive world, but we're getting closer. You can find detailed ZPS coverage starting on page 22.

Blanco, Sebastian

Reduction of Gearbox noise by optimizing Gear micro geometry

2024-26-023401/16/2024

Vehicle noise level has to be maintained within the limit specified by Pass By Noise (PBN) standards to meet the regulatory requirements. Gearboxes and engines are the main sources of noise in a vehicle, owing to the mechanical and physical processes involved. The noise problem in transmission system is characterized by high amplitude acoustic signals, and the gear mesh noise can be indirectly estimated using the Transmission error parameter. Transmission error is defined as the difference between the actual position of the output gear and the position it would occupy if the gear drive were perfect, which can be attributed to various factors such as tooth profile errors, misalignment, and tooth deflections. A six-speed manual transmission commercial vehicle is observed to exhibit higher noise levels during the vehicle PBN test. The gearbox is modelled in Romax gearbox simulation software and the transmission error value is identified to be high. The micro geometry parameters lead

G R, Santosh Kumar, Ks, Dhianeshwar, Basim, K Mohammed

A Novel Method to Select Hyperparameters of The DBSCAN Algorithm for RADAR Applications

2024-26-003001/16/2024

Abstract- As the automotive industry is coming up with various ADAS solutions, RADAR is playing an important role. There are many parameters concerning RADAR detections to acknowledge. Unsupervised Clustering methods are used for RADAR applications. DBSCAN clustering method which is widely used for RADAR applications. The existing clustering DBSCAN is not aligned very well with its hyperparameters such as epsilon (the radius within which each data point checks the density) and minimum points (minimum data points required within a circle to check for core point) for which a calibration is needed. In this paper, different methods to choose the hyperparameters of DBSCAN are compared and verified with different clustering evaluation criteria. A novel method to select hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm is presented with the paper. For testing the given algorithm, ground truth data is collected, and the results are verified with MATLAB-Simulink. Keywords- (clustering, DBSCAN, DBSCAN

Payghan, Vaibhav Santosh, Prajapati, Miit, Chauhan, Abhisha

Engine Warm-up Prediction using Machine Learning Methodology.

2024-26-029501/16/2024

In the recent times, when emission & CO2 legislations are becoming more stringent, we need to adjust our simulation methods to the engine warm-up for better prediction. A typical fuel economy simulation for a WLTP drive cycle with and without considering warm-up effect differentiates up to 6-8%. Thus, there is a need to consider engine warm-up parameters for drive cycle simulations. The engine warm-up can be predicted in multiple ways but the most common way is detailed Physics based 1D modelling. These thermodynamic based models have a very good accuracy in temperature characteristics compared to actual test but take a lot of simulation time. The current requirement is to have models, which can do the same with 0.3 times real time so that these can be coupled with SiL simulation. The current paper will portrait a machine learning based methodology to predict Engine Oil & Coolant temperature based on driving profile and fuel consumption. ML model is trained by using data from one drive

Kelkar, Kshitij, Bensch, Simon, Gopalkrishnan, Suresh Kumar, Meissner, Ronny

The Impact of Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis in CAE Simulation based Regulatory Compliance

2024-26-029401/16/2024

Computer aided engineering (CAE) is a routinely used technology for the design and testing of road vehicles, including the simulation of their response to an impact. To increase automotive industry competitiveness by reducing physical test based type approval and to improve road safety, recent initiatives have been taken by both industry and public authorities to promote the use of virtual testing through numerical simulation as an alternative way to check regulatory compliance. [1] To ensure acceptance of this alternative method, accuracy of the simulation models and procedures needs to be assured and rated independently of the modelling process, software tools, and computing platform. Similarly, it is also imperative to understand the uncertainties emerging out of different component design parameters and analyze their sensitivity towards producing deviations in the reported results as per the requirements of the regulatory standard. Simulations are however deterministic in nature

Deshpande, Saurabh, Mahajan, Rahul, Jones, Gavin

Generation of tire digital twin for virtual MBD simulation of vehicles for durability, NVH and handling evaluation

2024-26-030101/16/2024

With the recent development in virtual modelling and vehicle simulation technology, many OEM's worldwide are using digital road profiles in virtual environment for vehicle durability load prediction and virtual design evaluation. For precise simulation results, it is important to have the tire digital twin which is the realistic representation of tire in the virtual environment. The study comprises of discussion about different types of tire models such as empirical, solid model, rigid ring model and flexural ring models such as Pacejka, MF Swift, CD tire, F tire etc. and also the complexity involved in development of these tire models. Generation of virtual tire model requires highly sophisticated test rigs as well as vehicle level testing with Wheel Force transducers and other vehicle dynamics sensors. The large number of data points generated with testing are converted in standard TYDEX format to be further processed in various software tool for virtual model generation. Thus, a

Bakal, Nikhil

Electric Powertrain - Standardization of Adaptable Software in Loop System

2024-26-011701/16/2024

Motivation With an increase in the complexity involved in modern-day ECUs (Electronic Control Unit), it is very important to verify and validate robustness, functionality, and reliability of ECUs. Till date, Hardware in Loop (HiL) based validation or vehicle level validation is generalized approach used for testing. However, this method requires physical setup, which can incur more cost and time during the development phase. Solution We believe in minimizing the software testing time using Software in Loop (SiL) validation. Creating virtual-ECUs and the plant models is an important step in SiL. We are presenting the modularized and scalable plant models in this paper. Adaptable SiL Solution for EV This paper focuses on the standardization of electric vehicle plant models, which can help users to reduce the software development and software testing time. We created the standardized plant models for following virtual ECUs, which can be used as modular units. • Battery Management System

Sajnani, Abhishek, Vernekar, Kiran, Gosavi, Rupesh, Naik, Venkatesh

Thermal Design & Multi-Objective Optimization of On-Board Chargers in Electric Vehicles

2024-26-030401/16/2024

For the foreseeable future, On-Board Charging will be a critical feature for all EVs, as it allows greater flexibility when charging vehicles from common power points and dedicated EVSEs. The OBC (On-Board Charger) has no function while the vehicle is moving; at the same time, heavy or large OBC reduces range. So, designers must design OBCs that are both energy efficient and lightweight. In addition to surviving the rigors of the automotive environment, such as heat and vibrations, they must also be cost-competitive. Designing OBCs encapsulating multiple objectives thus becomes a necessity. However, current methods often use the "most important" objective and transform other objectives into constraints that do not truly reflect the tradeoffs among all possible designs. Simulating Multi-Objective Optimization methods allow for an in-depth exploration of the solution and tradeoffs. This current work proposes a comprehensive thermal design approach based on modeling and simulation to

Vadladi, Amrutha Lakshmi, Ravikrishna, K V S, Gangrade, Akashdeep, Tata, Srikanth, Jadhav, Shantaram

Detailed Tire-Wheel modelling for crash related development in LS-Dyna

2024-26-037601/16/2024

Vehicle performances in Crash related events like Small offset rigid barrier tests are crucially dependent on Tire-Wheel modelling. The objective of this study is to develop a detailed tire-wheel model subjected to loading, performance and failure criteria. The modelling technique should be robust, replicable and stable across a wide spectrum of simulations cutting down on unnecessary delays. This project evaluates the options offered in LS-dyna (damping, loads, sensors, materials etc.) and current states of models being widely used. There is a focus on offering additional tools in the model for analyst to control the failure and model behaviour. This tire-wheel model is subjected to scrutiny at multiple levels namely standalone, sub-system and full vehicle. The results achieved on this new modelling technique shows confidence in this. This model checks all the right boxes in terms of robustness, efficiency and development. The correlation is better on subsystem level tests. Tire-wheel

Sirohi, Yograj

Drivetrain pressure spike evaluation methodology & optimization: Simulation and Testing Correlation

2024-26-027701/16/2024

This paper describes a simulation methodology developed for pressure spike evaluation and optimization of hydraulic system architecture for off-highway applications with hydraulically actuated clutch. This pressure spike leads to a very high torque spike in driveline components during clutch pop-up conditions in puddling operations. These torque spikes lead to potential failure of driveline components i.e. gear, shaft, bearing and torsional damper during sudden engagement events. To assess the hydraulic system performance during clutch pop-up cornering conditions is very challenging and leads to compromise on operator safety in the paddy field. It is essential to develop a simulation methodology in a virtual environment to understand the system behavior during clutch pop-up condition and impact of various hydraulic system parameters. This study adopts a model-based design approach for understanding hydraulic system pressure spike phenomenon and dynamic response. Pressure spike

Memane, Nilesh, Kumar, Suneel, Veerkar, Vikrant

New test methodology development for combined variable test conditions of potential failure cause to analyze and elimination of Radiator hose field failure

2024-26-032601/16/2024

Testing is a part of design life cycle which is increases the design overhead as well as the lead time for release. Even though the virtual testing on a simulation software is a quicker solution to reduce testing time and cost, the results which we get will be the nearest approximation. But in some special cases, it is necessary to do physical validation since they will directly affect the performance of vehicle. when the physical validation comes into picture, recreation of field malfunction and elimination of the same is one fine elevation of engineering. This will increase reliability of product and brand value of organization. This paper describes about the study and analysis of field failure on Radiator hose. The modern problems do require modern way of approach to analyze and test. The objective of failure root cause has been analyzed using QC tools and listed down. This failure occurrence approached by combined test conditions of vibration and thermal pulsation belongs to

Langu, VenkataSatish

Thermal system simulation and modelling for Alternative Fuels in a Heavy Duty Truck

2024-26-029601/16/2024

In the current scenario, demand for Alternate energy source is increasing to reduce dependency on presently available fuels. Internal Combustion engines working on multiple fuels developed in which LNG/CNG is a close contender. Cooling system is one of the critical components of an automobile that influences the engine performance and efficiency. Higher heat demands efficient Cooling system. In this paper an approach is defined to arrive at a Cooling system architecture for CNG/LNG fuel. The aim is to finalise a Cooling system package which is simple and Energy efficient. Modelling is done in Thermal simulation software KULI. Detailed study is done on simulation results of air flow and temperatures and correlated with test results.

M S, Vignesh, KIRAN, NALAVADATH, M, VIGNESH

Estimation of gear utilization and durability test specifications through Virtual Road Torque Data Collection for Light Commercial Vehicles.

2024-26-025701/16/2024

The automotive world is rapidly moving towards achieving shorter lead time using high-end technological solutions by keeping up with day-to-day advancements in virtual testing domain. With increasing fidelity requirements in test cases and shorter project lead time, the virtual testing is an inevitable solution. This paper illustrates method adopted to achieve best approximation to emulate driver behavior with 1-D (one dimensional) simulation based modeling approach. On one hand, the physical testing needs huge data collection of various parameters using sensors mounted on the vehicle. The vehicle running on road provides the real time data to derive durability test specifications. One such example includes developing duty cycle for powertrain durability testing using Road Torque Data Collection (RTDC) technique. This involves intense physical efforts, higher set-up cost, frequent iterations, vulnerability to manual errors and causing longer test lead-time. Whereas, on the other hand

Purohit, Suryakant, Mullapudi, Dattatreyudu, Shevate, Hemant, Chaskar, Mithun

Impact of Toe and Thrust Angle Misalignment on Roll Behaviour of a Heavy Commercial Road Vehicle

2024-26-005601/16/2024

Heavy Commercial Road Vehicles (HCRVs) may be more susceptible to rollover incidents due to their higher centre of gravity position than passenger vehicles, and rollover is one of the significant causes of HCRV accidents. Therefore, variation in vehicle roll behaviour becomes crucial to the safety of an HCRV. Toe misalignment is a commonly observed phenomenon in HCRVs, and studying its impact on roll behaviour is important. In this work, the impact of the symmetric toe and thrust misalignment on the roll behaviour of an HCRV is analysed using IPG TruckMaker®, a vehicle dynamics simulation software. A ramp steer manoeuvre was used for the simulations, and the toe misalignment on a wheel was chosen from the range [−0.21°, 0.21°]. Variation in roll behaviour was quantified using the steering wheel angle at which one-wheel lift-off (OWL) occurred (SWA_L). Additionally, an analytical model was formulated to predict OWL and the model predictions were compared with the results from IPG

Chandran, Amarchand, Grandhe, Roshan, Mukhopadhyay, Arko, Sharma, Mitanshu, Shankar Ram, C S

Adaptive EV range estimation and optimisation based on rider demand and terrain requirements

2024-26-009501/16/2024

This paper presents a model-based algorithm designed for electric vehicles to estimate, control, and optimize their range. By utilizing both short-term and long-term energy consumption data, the algorithm accurately predicts the range based on the current riding pattern. To achieve the desired range, the algorithm incorporates Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) optimization, which optimizes a cost function. The algorithm leverages short-term energy consumption patterns to smoothen the real-time watt-hour consumption for accurate range estimation. Simultaneously, it monitors long-term energy consumption patterns to account for factors such as vehicle aging, wear, terrain dynamics, and initial wh/km calculation. A comprehensive cost function, considering parameters like wh/km, rider demand, and terrain requirements, ensures optimal range without compromising the overall ride experience. The algorithm employs HJB optimization to dynamically control the range using parameters such as battery DC

RAJAWAT, SHIV PRATAP, Gautam, Ashish, SJ, Janarthanan, Soni, Lokesh, Khandekar, Piyush

Backend-based State-of-Charge Control as an Operating Strategy for a Serial PHEV

2023-01-120106/26/2023

In previous work, a serial hybrid powertrain concept with a phlegmatised ICE has been described. Drivability is to be ensured through an innovative predictive operating strategy. Battery State-of-Charge (SoC) is controlled using a backend-based prediction of energy consumption on a given route based on road map and traffic data. In this paper, a spotlight is thrown on the proposed control architecture. On the top level of the controller, a Dynamic Programming algorithm finds an optimal reference trajectory for the SoC over a known route with the goal of avoiding certain Worst-Case scenarios commonly associated with the serial hybrid powertrain topology. Close adherence to the reference trajectory is ensured on a lower level through Model Predictive Control, taking into account additional factors such as battery stress. These control layers closely represent the map data distributed on the on-board bus network of state-of-the-art road vehicles under the current ADASIS standard. The

Böhme, Maximilian, Gerdts, Matthias, Trapp, Christian

Distributed Co-Simulation for Effective Development of Battery Management Functions

2023-01-120006/26/2023

Electrification calls for a range of system components, that need to be developed and tested. On one hand, these system components include hardware components, like battery cells, modules, and packs, and battery management systems (BMS). On the other hand, software components are used for testing, e.g. algorithms for BMS or simulation models for batteries. Execution of tests on real batteries is typically time- and cost-intense, and includes considerable risks, leading to safety hazards. In this paper, we introduce a novel development and test approach for battery systems, that is driven by a unified, standardized interface between hardware- and software components and physical devices alike. Whereas established Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems are built on proprietary systems and environments, our approach is based on both open-source and industrial simulation software solutions. The Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol (DCP) is used to encapsulate and virtualize these components, as

Hrvanovic, Dino, Haberl, Hannes, Krammer, Martin, Scharrer, Matthias K.

Hybrid 3D Sound Intensity and Simulation for Optimizing Acoustic Output of Truck Rear Axles

2025-01-010505/05/2023

This study presents a novel methodology for optimizing the acoustic performance of rotating machinery by combining scattered 3D sound intensity data with numerical simulations, focusing on the rear axle of a truck. Using Scan&Paint 3D, sound intensity data is rapidly acquired over a large spatial area with the assistance of a 3D sound intensity probe and infrared stereo camera. The experimental data is then integrated into far-field radiation simulations, enabling detailed analysis of the acoustic behavior and accurate predictions of far-field sound radiation. This hybrid approach offers a significant advantage for assessing complex acoustic sources, allowing for quick and reliable evaluation of noise mitigation solutions. While the current application focuses on the truck's rear axle far-field radiation, the same method can be extended to predict in-cabin sound pressure, providing a versatile solution for many industrial problems.

Fernandez Comesana, Daniel, Vael, Georges, Robin, Xavier, Orselli, Joseph, Schmal, Jared

Sound Design for Electric Vehicles: Enhancing Safety and User Experience Through Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS)

2025-01-006805/05/2023

Silent engines are an excellent strategy to combat noise pollution. Still, they can pose risks for pedestrians who rely on auditory cues for safety and reduce driver awareness due to the absence of the familiar sounds of combustion engines. Sound design for silent engines not only tackles the above issues but goes beyond safety standards towards a user-centered approach by considering how users perceive and interpret sounds. This paper examines the evolving field of sound design for electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems (AVAS). The study analyzes existing AVAS, classifying them into different groups according to their design characteristics, from technical concerns and approaches to aesthetic properties. Based on the proposed classification, an (adaptive) sound design methodology, and concept for AVAS are proposed based on state-of-the-art technologies and tools (APIs), like Wwise Automotive, and integration through a functional prototype within a

Esteves, Raquel, Campos Magalhães, Eduardo Miguel, Bernardes, Gilberto

Sonic Boom Velocity and Altitude Sensitivity Analysis of a Hypersonic Aircraft Concept

2025-01-003505/05/2023

During the last decades there has been a renewed interest in the development of a new generation of supersonic aircraft for civil purposes. However, the noise generated by supersonic aircraft during supersonic flight, commonly referred to as "sonic boom", is still creates annoyance to community on the ground that prohibits supersonic overland flight. To prepare for the advent of a new generation of supersonic aircraft and to define new regulations for them, an increasing number of sonic boom studies is being published. This paper presents numerical simulations of the sonic boom of a hypersonic (Mach 5) aircraft concept. The study describes a sensitivity analysis of the two parameters velocity and altitude. The extensive simulations characterize the sonic boom carpet of the aircraft for different speeds between Mach 1.2 and Mach 5.0, and for two altitudes of 11.3 km and 28.0 km above sea level. The simulation approach is divided into two main regions. This approach is well understood

Graziani, Samuele, Jäschke, Jacob Jens, Viola, Nicole, Gollnick, Volker

Effects of acoustic dissipative material in applications with acoustic leakage

2025-01-011705/05/2023

In the paper, the dissipative material and other conventional acoustic materials are studied in conditions which simulates actual vehicle application with acoustic leakage. The various acoustic materials are evaluated in the lab with acoustic leakage existing in steel panel experimentally and virtually in computer simulation with the estimated Biot’s parameters of the materials. Often, the acoustic leakages exist in actual vehicle condition in pass-through or mounting faster locations. The work includes in-vehicle test results on application and show how the dissipative material works.

Yoo, Taewook, Maeda, Hirotsugu, Sawamoto, Keisuke, Anderson, Brian, Gan, KimTong, Herdtle, Thomas

Directivity driven simulation methodology for efficient Acoustic Encapsulation

2025-01-004805/05/2023

Noise Reduction at the source level is critical to achieve the overall vehicle level interior targets. This method presents a novel approach that integrates directivity analysis with simulation techniques to optimize acoustic encapsulation design for automotive sound sources to achieve the targeted radiation levels. The foundation for this methodology is to measure the angular distribution of sound pressure levels around the noise source so called Directivity, at every frequency of interest and determine the most effective Acoustic encapsulation to achieve the targeted sound radiation. Accurate measurement of directivity in physical testing with fine angular resolutions can be complex and expensive, this study utilizes numerical simulation techniques using FEA to mitigate the challenges in mid frequency range. The scope of the study is focused on mid frequency sound pressure levels between 500-2000 Hz, which are determined to be significant contributors to overall DU noise. The first

KALUVAKOTA, SRIKANTH, Ghaisas, Nikhil, Pilz, Fernando

Research on Clustered Multi-channel Active Noise Control System in Car

2025-01-001605/05/2023

In order to solve the problem of intermittent engine intervention during charging and discharging of diesel-electric hybrid vehicles, this paper proposes a semi-coupled cluster control strategy with better comprehensive performance based on the traditional multi-channel Active Noise Control (ANC) system and the advantages of centralized control strategy and decentralized control strategy. Compared with the centralized control strategy, the computational cost of the cluster control strategy is reduced by about 50%, and the noise attenuation performance is comparable to that of the centralized control strategy. Compared with the decentralized control strategy, the stability is obviously better, and the noise reduction effect is outstanding. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform, a variety of cluster control strategies and traditional control strategies in the vehicle are compared and analyzed, and the road test experiments of a range-extended electric vehicle are carried out under its

deng, huiping, Lu, Chihua, Liu, Zhien, Ji, Huijun, Dou, Sirui, Sun, Menglei

Development of Offline Simulation Software for Active Sound Design in Electric Vehicles

2025-01-001705/05/2023

With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), Active Sound Design (ASD) has emerged as a crucial method to enhance both the sound quality and driving experience, addressing the lack of distinctive engine sounds present in internal combustion vehicles. This paper presents an ASD offline simulation software developed on the MATLAB platform to address these challenges. The software integrates a vehicle dynamics model with three key sound synthesis algorithms: order synthesis, pitch shifting, and granular synthesis, allowing for comprehensive control strategy development, real-time sound playback, and rapid adjustment. The software consists of several functional modules, including configuration, order generator, pitch shifting, and granular synthesis interfaces, which support user-friendly operation and flexible sound parameter adjustments. Users can simulate different driving conditions and evaluate the acoustic performance of the ASD system in real time. The system also allows

Qian, Yushu, Liu, Zhien, xiong, chenggang

Study on Influencing Factors of Hippocampal Injury in Closed Head Impact Experiments of Rats Using Orthogonal Experimental Design Method

2023-01-0001

04/11/2023

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in brain function and is one of the important areas of concern in closed head injury. Hippocampal injury is related to a variety of factors including the strength of mechanical load, animal age, and helmet material. To investigate the order of these factors on hippocampal injury, a three-factor, three-level experimental protocol was established using the L(3) orthogonal table. A closed head injury experiment regarding impact strength (0.3MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa), rat age (eight- week-old, ten-week-old, twelve-week-old), and helmet material (steel, plastic, rubber) were achieved by striking the rat's head with a pneumatic-driven impactor. The number of hippocampal CA3 cells was used as an evaluation indicator. The contribution of factors to the indicators and the confidence level were obtained by analysis of variance. The results showed that impact strength was the main factor affecting hippocampal injury (contribution of 89.2%, confidence level 0.01

Wang, Peng, Song, Xuewei, Zhu, Xiyan, Qiu, Jinlong, Yang, Shuaijun, Zhao, Hui

Numerical Simulation of Roof Mounted Rail AC Unit

2022-28-043611/09/2022

Indian Railways, often described as the "transport lifeline of the nation", is the fourth largest railway network in the world, from suburbs to urban transit, the Indian rail network covers the length and breadth of the country. To make the journeys easier and memorable it is very much important to provide adequate comfort and easy access to every facilitates. For better comfort inside the coach as well as in the drivers’ cabin, air-conditioning system has to be quite effective and energy efficient. While it is too expensive to go with proto-types at the initial stage, numerical simulation comes very handy in helping and optimizing the unit and come out with viable design concept within very short time. The present study is about improving and optimizing the overall performance of a drivers’ cabin AC unit by using numerical simulation and then experimental validation. The unit was designed for the drivers’ cabin and it was mounted on roof. In order to make the unit more efficient and

baruah, Murchana, Sen, Somnath

electric - take 2

SAE-PP-0779211/04/2022

electric

SintzADMIn, Jeneane

Performance Enhancement of Semi-active Continuous Skyhook Control Using Chaotic Map Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Stability Augmentation System

15-16-01-0002

09/16/2022

Abstract Enhancing the performance of a ride-oriented algorithm to provide ride comfort and vehicle stability throughout different terrains is a challenging task. This article aims to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art continuous skyhook algorithm in coupled motion modes with an optimally tuned stability augmentation system (SAS). The tuning process is carried out using a chaotic map-initialized particle swarm optimization (C-PSO) approach with ride comfort and roll stability as a performance index. A large van model built-in CarSim is co-simulated with a C-PSO algorithm and control system designed in MATLAB. To realize the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, a software-in-loop test is conducted on five complex ride terrains with different dominant vehicle body motion modes. The test results are compared against the passive system, four corner continuous skyhook control, and four corner type-1 fuzzy control. The test results confirm the effectiveness of

Rajasekharan Unnithan, Anand Raj, Subramaniam, Senthilkumar