Browse Topic: Vehicle front ends

Items (314)

An experimental approach to investigate the FEAD cover failure & its design optimization.

2024-26-037101/16/2024

In automotive Front End Accessory Drives (FEAD), the crankshaft supplies power to accessories like alternators, pumps, etc. FEAD undergoes forced vibration due to crankshaft excitation, dynamic tension fluctuations can cause the belt to slip on the accessory pulleys. By considering the criticality of the system, when engine mounting is longitudinally to the vehicle which makes it directly exposed to the air flow containing foreign particles which may cause the damage to the FEAD system and deteriorate the intended functionality. FEAD cover is introduced in the system to enhance belt-pully system functionality by restricting the entry of foreign particles during engine operation. This paper contains study of FEAD cover failure and provide the stepwise approach to capture such issue during novel model development for 4 cylinder naturally aspirated engine during engine bench testing. Failure mechanism was studied using various methodology such as CAE and G-Load measurement to identify the

PATEL, HARDIK MANUBHAI, KUMAR, NITISH, Chand, Subhash, Gupta, Vineet

Modeling and analysis of dynamic hysteresis behavior of an automatic tensioner

2022-01-074903/29/2022

The automatic tensioner of the engine front end accessory drive system was taken as a study object, and the mechanical structure and working principle of the automatic tensioner were analyzed. The dynamic hysteresis behavior test of tensioner torque-angular displacement was carried out, and the effects of different excitation frequencies and excitation amplitudes on the hysteresis behavior of tensioner were analyzed. Based on the modified Dahl hysteresis model, the identification method of tensioner model parameters and method of hysteresis behavior in the stick and slip process were proposed. Based on the established model and the identified model parameters, the hysteresis behavior of the tensioner were calculated, and the calculation model accuracy was verified with the test results. The influence of the hysteresis curve transition area exponent on the automatic tensioner behavior was studied. The dynamic behaviors of the engine front end accessory drive system were simulated using

Wan, Lixiang, Wang, Haoran, Ding, Quanyu

Saddle type structure design for electric vehicle

2022-01-087603/29/2022

Abstract: Electric vehicle are likely to gain market share in near future as technology is getting evolved and cost of ownership is also reducing. Focus on pure electric vehicle is need of an hour and vehicle manufacturers are investing heavily on future trends. Conventional vehicle has BIW front end which is used to protect from crash. With recent development in vehicle architecture, it is learned that secondary load path can be created with help of saddle structure to and there can be huge weight saving in BIW front end which still can meet safety norms. Saddle structure is also helping to have idealistic engine mount locations in vehicle. A & B mount can be packaged exactly on TRA (Torque Roll Axis) to get the best NVH performance. With saddle type structure all three mount can be weight carrying member and easy to handle high torque. This paper explains how saddle type structure is beneficial for crash point view and engine mounting system best performance, Keywords: - Engine

Deshmukh, Sagar

Investigations of Honeycomb and Foam structures of Automotive Front rails During Frontal crashes and its affinity with Optimum Energy Absorption

2022-01-104903/29/2022

Energy dissipation in frontal crash of the vehicles normally occurs through the deformation in the engine compartment zone and especially on longitudinal front rails. In this article, the details of the crash tests is presented which involves an interpretation of the damage profiles and understanding the origin of the stiffness coefficients in main particular member which is front rails of a passenger vehicle. Moreover, the present experimental work is used to estimate the energy dissipated during deformation based on crush measurements. Furthermore, it explains the implementation of experimental test to investigate the influence of design characteristics on the deformation behavior of the proposed front rails. The current experimental work deals with the influences of geometric shape modifications of conventional steel members with flange configurations compared to honeycomb structures and structural foam with the same members length. The observations in this work led to conclude the

Elhussieny, Sayed Abbas, Oraby, Walid

Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Structural behavior of Truck Frame Rail Sections

2022-01-091403/29/2022

The sequence of manufacturing processes involved in the making of ladder shaped truck frame rail assembly leave certain amount of manufacturing and assembly imperfections in the form of plastic deformation and residual stresses in some areas of frame rail ‘C’ sections. The plastic deformation and the resulting residual stress should not be allowed to cross the safer limit as it would affect the structural behaviour of the frame rail while interacting with the externally induced loading stresses from extreme road operating conditions. If the combined stress level crosses the yield limit of the frame material, it may lead to premature failure of frame rail much before it gives the expected life. One such manufacturing induced premature failure in a truck frame rail assembly during proving ground trials was studied in detail using experimental analyses and presented in this paper. As part of this study, the local material crowding due to plastic deformation occurring at certain sections

K, Chinnaraj, KR, Balaji, Gopal, Gopi

Nissan's 2021 Rogue is a COVID beater

21AUTP02_1402/01/2021

Nissan staff truly pulled out the stops to get the all-new 2021 Rogue into the market during the global pandemic. Rogue is the company's best-selling product in North America, by far - a testament to a well-considered overall package that designers, engineers and product planners have steadily evolved and improved since the model's launch in 2007. Now in its third generation (coded T33), the latest Rogue is underpinned by Nissan's C/D-segment architecture that shares more geometries with Sentra, itself a vastly upgraded and improved vehicle for 2021. “Last March, I was reviewing our program schedules and it looked like everything was going to get delayed due to Covid,” said Chris Reed, executive VP of R&D at Nissan Technical Center in Farmington, Mich. “At this time, we had delays in other programs due to a ‘development overload’ situation between suppliers and prototypes. The hatches were being battened down.

Brooke, Lindsay

Four RF Technology Trends You Need to Know for Satellite Communication Device Design

20AERP10_0510/01/2020

Over the past four decades, the sheer amount and complexity of information transmitted through satellite communication (satcom) has substantially increased. At the same time, more mission-critical applications - such as aeronautical, maritime, and military navigation - have become increasingly reliant on these communications. As a result, the RF circuit building blocks that make up satcom technology have been through many changes to accommodate the latest advancements in the industry including miniaturization, increased reliability, and the ability to rapidly transmit even more complex data. This article examines four RF technology trends today that are helping satcom design engineers meet the data demands of their military and aerospace clients while also making RF components that are lighter by size, weight, and power and more cost-effective to produce (SWaP-C).

Four RF Technology Trends You Need to Know for Satellite Communication Device Design

TBMG-3788610/01/2020

Over the past four decades, the sheer amount and complexity of information transmitted through satellite communication (satcom) has substantially increased. At the same time, more mission-critical applications — such as aeronautical, maritime, and military navigation — have become increasingly reliant on these communications. As a result, the RF circuit building blocks that make up satcom technology have been through many changes to accommodate the latest advancements in the industry including miniaturization, increased reliability, and the ability to rapidly transmit even more complex data.

Roush Lands in AV Country

20AVEP05_0605/01/2020

An auto-industry icon for engineering, prototyping, testing and manufacturing services establishes its West Coast presence. Famous as an engineering-services company, a NASCAR racing icon, and the name behind many high-performance Ford cars and trucks, the Roush brand is a go-to for OEMs and suppliers needing projects executed on schedule with high quality. Engineering, prototyping, testing and manufacturing are the four pillars of “the company that Jack built” in the Detroit suburbs. That reputation is being extended through Roush's new sales office in San Luis Obispo, on California's Central Coast. “We'd been thinking about establishing a West Coast presence for quite a while,” says Jason Furr, executive director of sales at Roush's Livonia, Michigan, HQ. “There is so much going on there, and our peer-to-peer reputation among OEMs and Tier 1s has brought many Silicon Valley companies to Detroit to find us. But we want to be part of the fabric, energy and pulse of what's going on in

Brooke, Lindsay

Adaptive sampling in the design space exploration of the automotive front end cooling flow

2020-01-014904/14/2020

Adaptive sampling in the design space exploration of the automotive front end cooling flow (Author)Venkata Krishna Mohan Chagarlamudi, FCA NA - mohan.chagarlamudi@fcagroup.com, (Co-Author) Arturo Guzman FCA NA - arturo.guzman@fcagroup.com, (Co-Author) Mark Doroudian FCA NA - mark.doroudian@fcagroup.com, (Co-Author) Dr. Malik KAYUPOV Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp - malik.kayupov@3ds.com One of the key inputs 1-D transient simulation takes is a detailed front end cooling flow map. These maps that are generated using a full vehicle 3D CFD model require expensive computational resources and time. This paper describes how an adaptive sampling of the design space allowed the reduction of computational efforts while keeping desired accuracy of the analysis. The idea of the method was to find a pattern of DOE sampling points for 3D CFD simulations that would allow a creation of an approximation model accurate enough to predict output parameter values in the entire design space of interest

Chagarlamudi, Venkata KrishnaMohan, Doroudian, Mark, Kayupov, Malik, Guzman, Arturo

Multi-objective discrete robust optimization for vehicle front-end structure design under pedestrian head impact

2020-01-093404/14/2020

Vehicle front-end structures have drawn considerable attention for their significant advantages in the protection of head which is the most vulnerable body part in pedestrian accidents. Optimization design for vehicle front-end structures has proven rather essential and been extensively used to improve the performance of head protection. Nevertheless, an optimal design could become less meaningful or even unacceptable when some uncertainties present. Furthermore, the traditional discrete robust optimization is mostly focused on single objective problems. In fact, the design of front-end structures for pedestrian head impact is indeed a multi-objective discrete optimization problem. This study aimed to explore how to minimize the injury of the head involving uncertain environment and multi-objective discrete optimization problem. For this purpose, the paper proposes a novel multi-objective discrete robust optimization (MODRO) algorithm to minimize the injury of head involving

Lv, Xiaojiang, Lei, Fei, Yang, Heping, Zhang, Haiyang, Zhou, Dayong, Gu, Pengyun, Lv, Xiaojiang

CONNECTORS, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRICAL, BOX MOUNTING, SOLDER CONTACT, HERMETIC, AN TYPE

AS31421A (Current)02/14/2020

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Finite Element Modeling of an Energy-Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal

02-12-04-002102/07/2020

Guardrail end terminals are specifically designed to decelerate vehicles during impact and protect vehicle occupants from severe injuries. The main objective of this research was to develop and validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the ET-Plus, a commonly used energy-absorbing guardrail end terminal. The ET-Plus FE model was created based on publicly available data on ET-Plus dimensions and material properties. The model was validated against the NCHRP-350 crash tests 27-30 and 31-30 by performing crash simulations with a vehicle model at 100 km/h (62 mph) pre-impact velocity. To check the model robustness, crash simulations with vehicle pre-impact velocities from 97 km/h (60 mph) to 113 km/h (70 mph) were also performed. The developed ET-Plus FE model has a high-quality mesh and can replicate the energy-absorbing mechanism. The time histories of the vehicle yaw angle predicted in the FE simulations of the two NCHRP 350 crash tests showed good agreement with the corresponding test

Meng, Yunzhu, Hu, Wen, Untaroiu, Costin Daniel

EDITORIAL: The unforgettable pyramid on the hood

19AUTP06_0806/01/2019

If you're old enough to remember 1990, you may recall the best television ad of the year. It showed the front end of the all-new Lexus LS400 sedan against a black background. A multi-level pyramid of champagne glasses glistened in the center of the car's hood. It was demonstration time, and the demo was all about Noise, Vibration and Harshness-and the lack of it.

Brooke, Lindsay

Flexible, Spinning Heat Shield for Spacecraft

TBMG-3391203/01/2019

Heat shields are essentially used as the brakes to stop spacecraft from burning up and crashing on entry and reentry into a planet's atmosphere. Current spacecraft heat shield methods include huge inflatables and mechanically deployed structures that are often heavy and complicated to use.

Nissan concept sport sedan is all-electric, driver-optional

19AUTP03_1203/01/2019

Nissan looks to pump up the fun factor with the IMs, an all-electric sports sedan concept with autonomous driving capability. The car made its global debut at the 2019 North American International Auto Show. “While still being a driver's car, this concept lives within our very graspable future of creating/engineering a thrilling autonomous ride, bringing the car into the realm of ‘entertainment’, Giovanny Arroba, Nissan's program design director, told Automotive Engineering. IMs features dual electric motors in the front and the rear with an estimated 483 hp (360 kW) and 590 lb·ft (800 N·m) for all wheel drive capability. The 115 kWh battery pack, packaged under the floor, provides an estimated 380-mi (611.5-km) driving range. The sedan's dedicated EV platform essentially mirrors that of Nissan's IMx KURO electric crossover concept that debuted at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2017.

Styling and Packaging Approach to Meet Pedestrian Upper Leg Requirements as per Euro NCAP Protocol

2019-26-000701/09/2019

In most of the countries all over the world, thousands of pedestrians and vulnerable road users are struck by motor vehicles and getting killed or get severe injuries. Accident research data shows that pedestrians are a significant proportion of all road user casualties []. In pedestrian impact with vehicle front end, several organ forms impact directly to front end of the vehicles and get severe injuries in head, lower leg and pelvis region. Pelvis region of pedestrian get severe injuries due to hit by Bonnet Leading Edge. Impact force is major injury driving parameter in case of pelvis region. In earlier Euro NCAP Pedestrian Protocol -v7.1.1 [], upper leg impact energy calculation was based on BLE (Bonnet Leading Edge) height and bumper lead. Vehicle front end styling was not playing any role in deciding upper leg impact energy. Upper leg impact performance was purely dependent on BLE height and package space available. Whereas in current Euro NCAP Pedestrian Protocol -v8.4 [], upper

Mhaskar, Dnyaneshwar, Mahapatre, Ashish Kumar, Bhagat, Milind

A Robust Waveguide Millimeter-Wave Noise Source

TBMG-3323911/01/2018

A noise source is an enabling technology for passive millimeter-wave remote sensing applications such as atmospheric sounding, and precipitation and ice cloud measurements. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a packaged noise source that will allow calibration of the front end at the sensing frequency. This capability will eliminate or reduce the requirement of a clear view to cold space, which will reduce the mass and complexity as well as the total cost of the system.

2019 Yamaha Niken steers a radical path

18AUTP11_1311/01/2018

When Yamaha debuted the MWT-9 concept three-wheeler at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2015, many were impressed by its technology and almost unnerving, mantis-like visual presence. Yamaha has a history of stunning concepts for the Tokyo show, so it's likely few thought a production version would ever see real roads. But two years later at the same show, Yamaha unveiled the world's first 3-wheel leaning motorcycle and amazingly, production of the Niken began in the second half of this year. The Niken is a brazen mechanical-engineering statement, in the vein of Yamaha's 1993 forkless GTS1000. Based at the company's HQ in Iwata, Japan, the main Niken development team was comprised of eight Yamaha Motor Company (YMC) staff, four of whom were engineers. Takahiro Suzuki was the Project Leader for Niken development, with chassis development handled by Ryuta Mitsuoka.

Seredynski, Paul

Tech Briefs: August 2018

18AERP0808/01/2018

Designing a High-Speed Decoy Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Using Thermoplastics in Aerospace Applications In-Flight Real-Time Avionics Adaptation Using Turbine Flow Meters for Aerospace Test and Measurement Applications Communicating from Space: The Front End of Multiscale Modeling Laser-Based System Could Expand Space-to-Ground Communication Hydraulic Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite 102mm Tube Section Research could lead to development of a composite material that can be processed at a low temperature and still be used at 1000°F. Permeation Tests on Polypropylene Fiber Materials Study attempts to determine if polypropylene nanofiber materials can be used in air filtration systems to remove toxic vapors. Inter-Laboratory Combat Helmet Blunt Impact Test Method Comparison Ensuring consistent test methods could reduce the risk of head injuries.

New Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and EW

TBMG-2909006/01/2018

Pulsed signals are widespread in radar and other electronic warfare (EW) applications, and they must be accurately measured for manufacturing, design of countermeasures, and threat assessment; however, pulse measurements are an especially challenging area for signal analysis due to these factors:

Virtual Development of a Robust FlexPLI Impactor Surrogate for Sensor Tests at High Impact Speeds at Different Temperatures

2018-01-105004/03/2018

For fine-tuning of the parameters of algorithms used for activation of deployable pedestrian protection safety systems, quite a number of impact tests have to be performed on real vehicles. The impactors used for these purposes comprise misuse-objects, hardest-to-detect pedestrian impactors, but also impactors that represent larger pedestrians, such as the WG17 legform or the FlexPLI. Such tests are performed with impact speeds up to 55 kph and at ambient temperatures between −35 °C and 90 °C. Especially for the more complex FlexPLI there is a high risk of damage to the impactor under such conditions. Additionally, the required calibration procedures after such test series and an obligatory exchange of parts (e.g. ligaments) after each test are a source for further costs. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of an impactor surrogate that correctly represents all relevant impact properties of the FlexPLI for sensor testing, but being much more robust, offering the

Pauer, Gernot, Svetina, Taja

Compact Device Can Detect Rheumatoid Arthritis

TBMG-2783611/01/2017

University of TwenteEnschede, The Netherlands

Digital-to-Analog Transformation and Reconstruction of ECG Data

TBMG-2721307/01/2017

The innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a new method and device for specialized digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) and reconstruction of multichannel electrocardiograms (ECGs), including 12-lead ECGs. Current devices do not have the functionality that allows for the transmission of stored digital ECG data collected from one manufacturer’s ECG machine to another for an automated second opinion. With this technology, the physician has the opportunity to compare results by transferring the ECG data to another ECG machine — regardless of location — when a patient’s results are difficult to interpret for a second opinion. The technology also allows for the use of less expensive 12-lead ECG front ends or analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) hardware that is advantageous when in remote locations or with patients who are mobile during research studies. The digital-to-analog transformation and reconstruction of ECG data technology is available for licensing.

Integration Drives the Future of Portable Healthcare Devices

TBMG-2700806/01/2017

Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and Electronic Warfare

TBMG-2667304/01/2017

Pulsed signals are widespread in radar and other electronic warfare (EW) applications, and they must be accurately measured for manufacturing, design of countermeasures, and threat assessment. Pulse measurements are an especially challenging area for signal analysis due to a combination of factors. Fortunately, many of the improving signal processing and analog-digital conversion technologies behind the generation of complex pulse environments also enable new techniques for effective pulse analysis.

Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and Electronic Warfare

17AERP04_0604/01/2017

Pulsed signals are widespread in radar and other electronic warfare (EW) applications, and they must be accurately measured for manufacturing, design of countermeasures, and threat assessment. Pulse measurements are an especially challenging area for signal analysis due to a combination of factors. Fortunately, many of the improving signal processing and analog-digital conversion technologies behind the generation of complex pulse environments also enable new techniques for effective pulse analysis. In the past, basic pulse measurements generally were made with swept spectrum analyzers. The intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth or resolution bandwidth (RBW) of the spectrum analyzer was generally narrower than the effective bandwidth of the pulse, so the spectrum analyzer was used to measure the resulting pulse spectrum. The pulse spectrum could then be used to measure basic signal characteristics such as pulse repetition rate or interval (PRI), duty cycle, power, etc. Spectrum

Building an Integrated Home Health Monitoring System

TBMG-2623501/01/2017

Among the challenges faced by the healthcare sector is a population that is growing older. The elderly population is expected to grow significantly over the next 20 years. Having an independent lifestyle is highly desired by elderly people, but independence for older adults often comes with high risks. Many smart home technologies have been developed to track and monitor activities of the elderly at home and assist their independent living. Buildings and urban environments fitted out with sensor networks offer the elderly the chance to retain their independence for longer. Wearable sensor technologies can also play a major role.

Topologycal Optimization Applied to Design of an Automotive Hood

2016-36-021010/25/2016

The numerical simulation is currently an essential tool in the automotive engineering because it is possible in the virtual stage of product development to evaluate the performance of a component in the level of stress that would it be submitted, as well as evaluating displacement, natural frequency, stiffness and to the feasibility of manufacturing. Due to the stringent emission standards and pollutant, as well as sustainability guidelines, the goal of any automotive design is always seeking the maximum structural performance with minimal possible mass. This premise leads directly to a numerical optimization problem, that seeks the maximum (or minimum) of a function, subject to several constraints. Numerical optimization techniques can be divided mainly into: shape optimization, parametric optimization and topology optimization. In order to relieve mass during the process of forming it is common to perform a cutting operation to remove material in parts that are less required. In

Resende, Marcelo Gustavo Coelho, Silveira, Márcio Eduardo, Resende, Tiago Alceu Coelho

Method and Apparatus for Measuring Surface Air Pressure

TBMG-2549310/01/2016

NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed a novel method for long-range atmospheric pressure sensing. Based on known properties involving oxygen density, the technology is able to measure small pressure changes over a wide area. NASA developed the technology to address known gaps in the area of weather forecasting as a result of the inability to accurately detect atmospheric pressure above the ocean. Oxygen band reading can be performed remotely, most likely from a satellite-based system. The technology is particularly applicable in the area of storm forecasting.

Biomimetics: nature leads the way on design

16MEIP06_1806/01/2016

That bird flight inspired Leonardo da Vinci to conceptualize “flying machines,” only to be developed centuries later by the Wright brothers by observing pigeons in flight, is quite well known. Such imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex problems, otherwise known as biomimetics or biomimicry, is not new. Mother Nature is a great engineer that over the years has fascinated engineers and scientists alike, who have borrowed and applied its time-tested patterns and strategies. Technological advancements and continuous endeavors to push the limits of engineering have led to transformational innovations, as can be seen in some of the recent trends to catch up with nature's best assets. Velcro is perhaps the best known and commercially successful example of a nature-inspired design. After a hunting trip in the Alps in 1941, Swiss engineer Mestral's socks and dog were covered in burdock burrs. Intrigued by it, Mestral studied them under a

High-Data-Rate Platform to Capture and Analyze Raw Baseband Clock/Data

TBMG-2452005/01/2016

The Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Testbed has a need to capture and analyze high-datarate (<2 Mbps required) baseband information sent over RF by the JPL Software-Defined Radio (SDR). An RF4425 front end, coupled with a MicroGate Synclink USB and custom C++ software back end, is being used to answer this need.

Crushing Analysis and Lightweight Design of Tapered Tailor Welded Hybrid Material Tubes under Oblique Impact

2016-01-040704/05/2016

The increasing demand for lightweight design of the whole vehicle has raised critical weight reduction targets for crash components such as front rails without deteriorating their crash performances. To this end the last few years have witnessed a huge growth in vehicle body structures featuring hybrid materials including steel and aluminum alloys. In this work, a type of tapered tailor-welded tube (TTWT) made of steel and aluminum alloy hybrid materials was proposed to maximize the specific energy absorption (SEA) and to minimize the peak crushing force (PCF) in an oblique crash scenario. The hybrid tube was found to be more robust than the single material tubes under oblique impacts using validated finite element (FE) models. Compared with the aluminum alloy tube and the steel tube, the hybrid tube can increase the SEA by 46.3% and 86.7%, respectively, under an impact angle of 30°. Parameter analyses were performed to reveal the influence of four geometrical variables on the

Wang, Da-Zhi, Cao, Guang-Jun, Qi, Chang, Sun, Yong, Yang, Shu, Du, Yu

Uncertainty Optimization of Thin-walled Beam Crashworthiness Based on Approximate Model with Step Encryption Technology

2016-01-040404/05/2016

Crashworthiness is one of the most important performances of vehicles, and the front rails are the main crash energy absorption parts during the frontal crashing process. In this paper, the front rail was simplified to a thin-walled beam with a cross section of single-hat which was made of steel and aluminum. And the two boards of it were connected by riveting without rivets. In order to optimize its crashworthiness, the thickness (t), radius (R) and the rivet spacing (d) were selected as three design variables, and its specific energy absorption was the objective while the average impact force was the constraint. Considering the error of manufacturing and measurements, the parameters σs and Et of the steel were selected as the uncertainty variables to improve the design reliability. The algorithm IP-GA and the approximate model-RBF (Radial Basis Function) were applied in this nonlinear uncertainty optimization. In order to improve the accuracy of the RBF model, a new step-encryption

Vehicle’s Front End Profile Influence on Pedestrian Sensing System Using In-House Developed PDI-2 and Child FE Models

2016-01-151004/05/2016

Many active safety systems are being developed with the intent of protecting pedestrians namely; pedestrian airbags, active hood, active emergency braking (AEB), etc. Effectiveness of such protection system relies on the efficiency of the sensing systems. The pop-uphood system was developed to help reduce pedestrian head injuries. A pop-up system is expected to make full deployment of the hood before the pedestrian’s head could hit the hood. The system should have the capability to detect most road users ranging from a six year old (6YO) child to a large male. To test the sensing system, an impactor model (PDI-2) was developed. Sensor response varies for vehicles with different front end profile dimensions. To study numerically the sensor response characteristics with respect to different front end parameters, (a) PDI-2 FE model was developed and validated, (b) FE model of sensor was developed and validated, (c) Sensor FE model was incorporated in the vehicle and it was simulated

Pal, Chinmoy, Okabe, Tomosaburo, Vimalathithan, Kulothungan, Manoharan, Jeyabharath, Vallabhaneni, Pratapnaidu, Shinada, Munenori, Sato, Kazuto

Experimental Investigation with R1234yf Condenser Airflow Blockages of Non-Hotspot and Hotspot Objects to Impact on A/C System Performance

2016-01-025504/05/2016

This paper addresses R1234yf A/C system performance impacted by condenser airflow passage blockages of nonhotspot and hotspot objects. With the modern vehicle design trend, more and more chances exist in blocking condenser airflow passages by objects such as TOC (transmission oil cooler) or fine grills etc. These objects create hotspots and narrowed airflow passages to the condenser and result in A/C performance degradation. It is important to understand the specific area of the condenser which is most impacted by a blockage so this area can be avoided in the design/packaging of front end components. In addition, it is important to understand the magnitude of performance loss associated with the specific areas of blockage. As a result of this understanding, optimal design locations for these blockages (including hotspots and grilles) can be proposed in order to mitigate the impact on A/C cooling performance. The study indicated that blocking condenser airflow passages by both the

Engine Noise Reduction Using Self-Tuning Torsional Vibration Damper

2016-01-106304/05/2016

Up to 30% of engine noise is delivered by front end pulley combined with torsional vibration damper, and technically it is the main contributor to recorded engine noise level. So the novel solutions in terms of improving the design and performance of torsional vibration damper would help to reduce radically this component of engine noise. The results of dynamical study of patented torsional vibration damper combined with pulley are presented. Design and structure of torsional vibration damper is based on author’s US Patent 7,438,165 having the self-tuning control system for all frequencies in running engine in all operational regimes. Mathematical model has been used for the analysis of the emitting noise of engine having proposed torsional vibration damper. Attention is paid to mitigation of the sound power levels contributing by engine subsystem “end of crankshaft - torsional vibration damper - pulley”. Theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed self-tuning torsion damper could

Nerubenko, George

Wideband, GaN MMIC, Distributed Amplifier-Based Microwave Power Module

TBMG-2426204/01/2016

Historically, the term microwave power module (MPM) has been associated with a small, fully integrated, self-contained radio frequency (RF) amplifier that combines both solid-state and microwave vacuum electronics technologies. Typically, the output power of these MPMs is on the order of about 100 Watts CW over an octave bandwidth. The MPMs require both a solid-state amplifier at the front end and a microwave vacuum electronics amplifier at the back end. However, such MPMs cannot be utilized for communications because the MPMs are not optimized for linearity or efficiency. Also, the MPMs can be very expensive to manufacture, particularly when modules are produced in very small quantities for space applications. Also, a kilovolt (kV) class power supply is required to power the traveling-wave tube amplifier, which is a part of the microwave vacuum electronics.

Command and Data Handling for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

TBMG-2409503/01/2016

The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission is the fourth mission of the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) program. The MMS mission, consisting of four identically instrumented spacecraft, will use Earth’s magnetosphere as a laboratory to study magnetic reconnection, a fundamental plasma-physical process that taps the energy stored in a magnetic field and converts it — typically explosively — into heat and kinetic energy in the form of charged particle acceleration and largescale flows of matter.

BUDD-e concept forecasts what VW zero-emission van could be in 2019

16MEIP03_2403/01/2016

At the 2016 CES in Las Vegas, Volkswagen attempted to focus attention away from its diesel engine emissions challenge by providing a glimpse into its electric future with an all-electric BUDD-e minivan concept. It would be the first model based on a new company “technology matrix” for electric vehicles called MEB, short for Modular Electric Drive Kit. Advantages of the MEB promised by VW include spacious interiors and the smallest possible traffic footprint; greater agility, acceleration, and maneuverability; distinct design identity thanks to new proportion and styling possibilities; and cost-effective access to e-mobility, accompanied by long ranges to match today's gasoline-powered cars. Better MEB packaging means that the HVAC system, for instance, can be completely integrated in the front end of the van, allowing for bigger and better filters and better acoustics due to a reduction in fan noise.

Fixing Holes in Hearts with UV Light-Enabled Catheter

TBMG-2352512/01/2015

A multi-disciplinary team of Bostonarea researchers from Boston Children’s Hospital, the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Harvard’s John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Karp Lab at Brigham and Women’s Hospital have jointly designed a specialized catheter that, they say, can fix holes in the heart using a biodegradable adhesive and patch. The catheter has been used successfully in animal studies to facilitate hole closure without the need for open heart surgery.

15AUTP11_0111/01/2015

Several automakers-notably Mercedes-Benz and Audi-used the Frankfurt Motor Show stage to reveal sleek vehicles that aggressively employ active aerodynamic elements and other advances to reduce drag. Major international auto shows are a great venue for automakers to showcase their vision of the future for mobility. Manifestations of that vision are often gleaming, sculpted concept vehicles that push the boundaries of what is feasible-whether technically or economically-today. That is exactly what German automakers Mercedes-Benz and Audi did at the recent IAA (Frankfurt Motor Show) 2015. Among its five world premieres in Frankfurt, Mercedes-Benz surprised show-goers with the Concept Intelligent Aerodynamic Automobile (Concept IAA), also referred to as the “Digital Transformer.” The concept car is designed to show how far advanced Mercedes-Benz already is in the “digitalization” of automotive development and production, according to Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of the Board of Management

High-Performance Data Acquisition on USB

07/01/2015

A common belief among engineers is that in order to get the best performance, a PC-based data acquisition module must plug into the PCI bus. Properly implemented, however, a data acquisition module can use the PC’s USB port to pump data into a PC as fast as PCI-based cards. The keys to achieving this performance are a hardware USB interface on the module, and optimized driver software for the host system.

Hazards Analysis Management Tool

05/01/2015

The Hazard Analysis Management Tool (HAMT) is comprised of a database and user interface that manages hazard analysis information, manages hazard verifications, and manages relationships between hazard attributes and project elements. The tool offers numerous benefits including the ability for multiple users to simultaneously update information, auto-generation of hazard reports, improved data consistency, ability to quickly obtain up-to-date status reports, and the ability to execute complex queries on the hazard information. This tool does not provide a mechanism for the identification of hazards. The tool requires minimal IT overhead and is easily tailored for specific projects and/or user groups. This tool was developed as a support capability, and testing was limited to the operational environment in which it was initially deployed.

Aerodynamic Interaction Effects and Surface Pressure Distribution during On-Road Driving Events

2015-01-152704/14/2015

Temporal changes of the onset flow field during on-road driving events, such as overtaking and passing, causes a complex interaction between aerodynamics of two vehicles. This can affect vehicle dynamics as well as steering input from the driver. In extreme situations this can cause a risk to driving comfort and safety. In order to optimize the shape of a vehicle, a fundamental understanding of the underlying pressure distribution during these scenarios is necessary. This paper describes the experimental method to measure the surface pressure and vehicle motion during overtaking a vehicle and passing a vehicle on a proving ground. Two primary vehicles, a C-Hatchback and a B-Crossover, were instrumented and a medium sized van and a 3.5 t truck were used as secondary vehicles without instrumentation. The highly asymmetric pressure distribution acting on the primary vehicles during the driving events is characterized using a simplified illustration method. The pressure experienced by the

Kremheller, Andreas

Effect of Vehicle's Front End Profile on Pedestrian's Lower Extremity Injury Pattern in Real World and Verification by Large Male FE Human Model

2015-01-146704/14/2015

Logistic regression analysis for accident cases of NASS-PCDS (National Automotive Sampling System-Pedestrian Crash Data Study) clearly shows that the extent and the degree of pedestrian's lower extremity injury depend on various factors such as the impact speed, the ratio of the pedestrian height to that of the bonnet leading edge (BLE) of the striking vehicle, bumper to knee ratio, bumper lead angle, age of the pedestrian, and posture of the pedestrian at the time of impact. The pedestrian population is divided in 3 groups, equivalent to small-shorter, medium-height and large-taller pedestrian with respect to the “pedestrian to BLE height-ratio” in order to quantify the degree of influence of lower leg injuries in each group. Large adult male finite element model (95th percentile male: 190 cm and 103 kg) was developed by morphing the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 50th percentile male. Lower extremity of developed large male was fine meshed to predict the fractures

Pal, Chinmoy, Okabe, Tomosaburo, Vimalathithan, Kulothungan, Manoharan, Jeyabharath, Shinada, Munenori

FE Driven Pedestrian Friendly Front End Design and Its Correlation with Physical Test

2015-26-021201/14/2015

In the current competitive automobile market, with growing knowledge and concern for occupant and vulnerable road user safety, design & engineering of passenger cars in stipulated time is a challenge. As front styling is a crucial factor, early involvement of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) through front loading helps reduce the product development time considerably with a pedestrian friendly engineered design. The present paper explains how initial inputs are given to styling & engineering teams during early stages of product development where availability of Computer Aided Design (CAD) data is minimal. Critical load paths were identified and shape of the front end was modified accordingly. Various locations of hinge mechanism were evaluated to reduce the severity of injury in the head impact zone. Sufficient gaps between the exterior surfaces and interior hard points were worked upon to reduce the impact values. Lower & upper energy absorbers for leg impact were proposed and tuned

Karani, Neerav, Malladi, Aditya, lingan Sr, Sridhar

Investigation of Relation between Sub System Level (Quasi-Static) Side Door Intrusion to Side Collision Test

2015-26-017101/14/2015

With the change in the perspective of the Customers towards safer vehicles, most of the Vehicle manufacturers in India are making their vehicles Crash compliant. According to the accidental data collection, Side crashes are second leading cause of death after Frontal crash. Currently sub system level tests are done for evaluating the side impact safety performance of the vehicle. One of such sub system level test is Quasi-static side door intrusion Test. The primary purpose of this testing is to measure the Force-deflection characteristics by intrusion of the impactor into the vehicle. These characteristics are controlled by various door components like door beam, latch & striker, hinge etc. This article studies the relation between Side door intrusion and Side collision, effect of above mentioned components on this relation. A theoretical study is done to study this relationship and it is substantiated with experimental data.

Singh, Niraj, Thakur, Ruhi, Cyriac, Mathew

CONNECTORS, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRICAL, BOX MOUNTING, SOLDER CONTACT, HERMETIC, AN TYPE

AS31421 (Historical)10/21/2014

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Control Design for Electric Starter-Generator Based on a High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Machine Fed by an Active Front-End Rectifier

2014-01-213909/16/2014

The paper reports the control design for an aircraft electric starter-generator system based-on high-speed permanent magnet machine operated in a flux-weakening mode and controlled by an active front-end rectifier. The proposed system utilizes advances of modern power electronics allowing the use of novel machine types and the introduction of controlled power electronics into the main path of energy flow. The paper focuses on control design for such system and includes development of flux weakening control of high-speed permanent magnet machine and droop control of the system output dc-link current. The achieved analytical design results and the expected system performance are confirmed by time-domain simulations.

Bozhko, Serhiy, Yeoh, Seang Shen, Gao, Fei, Yang, Tao, Hill, Christopher

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