Browse Topic: Electric vehicles

Items (43,333)

Development of a GUI-Based Pitch Sequence Optimization Tool for Tyre Noise Reduction

2026-26-0330To be published on 01/16/2026

Minimizing tyre noise is essential for enhancing ride comfort, especially in electric vehicles where the absence of engine noise makes tyre-generated sound more prominent. This work presents the development of a GUI-based pitch sequence optimization tool to support tyre design engineers in generating acoustically optimized tread sequences. The tool operates in two modes: without constraints, where the pitch sequence is optimized freely to reduce tonal noise levels; and with constraints, where specific design rules are applied to preserve pattern consistency and manufacturability. This tool plays a pivotal role in the tire development process, serving as one of the key evaluation criteria for tread pattern approval before mould fabrication. By enabling engineers to generate balanced, low-noise pitch sequences that align with both acoustic targets and engineering constraints, the tool facilitates faster design iterations and smooth integration with downstream processes. Its successful

Sampathraghavan, Lakshmi, Ramarathnam, Krishna Kumar, Mantripragada PhD, Krishna Teja, Ramachandran, Neeraj

Battery Thermal Management Approach for 2-Wheeler Electric Vehicles – An Indian Case Study

2026-26-0151To be published on 01/16/2026

India's electric 2-wheeler (E2W) market has witnessed fast growth, driven by lucrative government policies. Two-wheeler market captures 73% volume of total Indian automotive market, representing the largest segment (Greaves Electric Mobility Limited report 2024). Consequently, all manufacturers of 2-wheelers are developing new electric vehicles (EV) tailored for the Indian market. However, the Indian EV market has witnessed multiple fire accidents in recent years, raising safety concerns among consumers and industry stakeholders. These incidents highlight key weakness in battery thermal management systems (BTMS), particularly during charging. Most existing E2W BTMS relies on passive air cooling, which has been associated with fire incidents due to its inefficiency in heat dissipation, particularly charging in India's high-temperature environment. Therefore, it is imperative to build thermally viable and economical BTMS for the growing E2W vehicles with fast charging capability. The

Emran, Ashraf, Sankhla, Harsh, Garg, Shivam, Raut PhD, Ankit, Hiremath, Vinodkumar, Berry, Sushil

Real-time range optimization for selected destinations by Dynamic Energy Management Strategy (DEMS) in BEV’s

2026-26-0168To be published on 01/16/2026

The automotive industry has undergone significant transformation with the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, to tackle range anxiety, the focus has shifted to energy management strategies for optimal range under different driving conditions. Developing an optimal energy management algorithm is crucial for overcoming optimal range and gaining a competitive edge in the market. This paper introduces a Dynamic Energy Management Strategy (DEMS) for electric vehicles (EVs), designed to optimize battery usage and extend driving range. Utilizing vehicle digital twin model, DEMS estimates energy consumption across Eco, Normal, and Sports driving modes by analyzing vehicle velocity profiles and pedal inputs. By calculating actual battery consumption and pinpointing excess power usage, DEMS operates in a closed loop to periodically assess the power gap based on real-time vehicle conditions, including HV components like the Electric Drive system, DCDC, E-compressor and E-Heater; and

Dey, Supriyo, Venugopal, Karthick Babu, Penta, Amar, KUMAR, Rohit, Arya, Harshita

Smart Charge Port Housing with Integrated Single Shaft Self-Locking Mechanism for Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0593To be published on 01/16/2026

This research presents the development of an advanced Smart Charge Port Housing system for electric vehicles that incorporates intelligent actuation and an integrated single shaft self-locking mechanism. Conventional charge port systems rely on communication with the vehicle’s Body Control Module or Vehicle Control Unit, limiting functionality when the vehicle is in an ignition-off state. The proposed Charge Port Housing addresses this limitation through a microcontroller-based rotary actuator capable of autonomous decision-making, storing the last known position of the lid and executing operations independently of the vehicle’s electronic control architecture. The actuator operates via wired input signals and supports seamless communication over the Local Interconnect Network protocol during ignition-on state. A key innovation lies in the mechanical design: a single shaft self-locking mechanism that combines actuation and locking into a compact, unified assembly, eliminating the need

Mohunta, Sanjay, Khadake, Sagar

Sound quality refinement and vibration reduction during Horn Application in Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0338To be published on 01/16/2026

This paper focuses on the cabin sound quality refinement and the tactile vibration reduction during horn application in the electric vehicle. Horn cracking sound is perceived in the cabin while pressing the horn. Higher vibrations are also perceived in accelerator pedal during the particular event. Sound diagnosis is carried out to identify the frequencies contributing to cracking noise. Transfer path analysis is conducted to identify the nature of noise and the predominant path through which forces transfer. Based on finding from TPA, various recommendations are evaluated which reduced the noise to a certain extent. Operational Deflection Shape(ODS) is conducted on the horn, horn mounting bracket and on the body to identify the component having higher deflection at the problematic frequencies . Based on the outcome of ODS, recommendations like dynamic stiffness improvement on the horn bracket and the body is assessed and the effect of each outcome is discussed. With all the

S, Nataraja Moorthy

Comparative Study of EV Transmission Performance used in Various Vehicle Segments

2026-26-0584To be published on 01/16/2026

The transition to electric mobility has accelerated the evolution of drivetrain technologies, particularly in the design and performance of electric vehicle (EV) transmissions. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs utilize simpler yet diverse transmission systems cater to specific performance, efficiency, and application requirements. The growing adoption of electric vehicles across diverse transportation sectors has intensified the need for optimized electric transmission systems as per vehicle requirements. This research presents a comparative study of electric transmission performance across various vehicle segments, including Passenger Cars, Small commercial Vehicle, Commercial three-wheelers and All-terrain vehicles. The study evaluates different transmission configurations namely single-speed and multi-speed, based on key performance metrics such as Drag loss and Efficiency. Through a combination of literature review, and performance benchmarking, the

Jain, Sankalp, P, EKHESH

Indian City Electric Bus Powertrain Optimization Using Active Learning Simulation Methodology

2026-26-0657To be published on 01/16/2026

Public transport electrification is going to play a massive role in India's COP26 pledge to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. India plans to electrify 800,000 buses in a push towards 30% EV penetration by 2030. Further encouraged by government incentives under National Electric Bus Program (NEBP), eBus market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~86% annually over the next 5 years. With most OEMs going for fleet electrification for reducing CO2 emissions and to cater to growing demand in Indian cities for cleaner public transport, improving powertrain efficiency and performance of state-of-the-art eBuses is a natural progression of e-mobility sector development in India. The first step in designing powertrain for an electric city bus is to determine the motor(s) size and transmission specifications (number of gears, gear ratios etc.). Complications arise due to a wider and non-linear operation range of eBus. This study focuses on powertrain optimization for a medium duty electric city

Emran, Ashraf, Berry, Sushil, Xia, Feihong, Chen, Bicheng, Sandhu, Rouble

Revolutionary EV Motors Innovation in E-mobility in Depth Analysis of Emerging Technologies, Comparative Insights & Their Ground Breaking Impact on Electric Vehicle Performance

2026-26-0073To be published on 01/16/2026

This paper delivers a forward-looking data-driven assessment of the transformative innovation in electric vehicle motor systems with targeting breakthroughs in the power density, energy efficiency, thermal robustness, manufacturability & better intelligent control. A rigorous Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) framework is done to systematically evaluate and defining the rank of emerging motor technologies across eight weighted performance indicators. The findings reveal that which design strategies & material advancements offering the greatest potential for redefine propulsion performance that enabling lighter more compact & more efficient drivetrain capable of sustained high power operation. High ranking solution exhibit strong alignment with the industry's push toward scalable, low cost & rare earth-independent systems while other are identified as high risk/high reward pathway requiring targeted research to overcome critical problems. By integrating engineering performance

Jain, Gaurav, PREMLAL, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang

Design of a McPherson Strut based split link front suspension for a higher rear to front weight ratio SUV with minimal turning circle diameter.

2026-26-0092To be published on 01/16/2026

Generally, in a rear wheel driven electric vehicle the weight distribution is greater in the rear as compared to front. This high rear to front weight ratio is prone to oversteer behavior during high-speed cornering. Oversteer deteriorates vehicle handling & is a critical safety concern in passenger cars. To compensate this inherent oversteer nature of such vehicles & produce required understeer gradient, the steering rack is placed ahead of the wheel center. The forward placement of steering rack induces toe-out behavior due to lateral toe compliance resulting in understeer behavior. Though this compensation measure produces lower Ackermann percentage resulting in higher turning circle diameter. A high turning circle diameter deteriorates vehicle maneuverability. This paper proposes a validated, patented & productionized design meant to obtain ideal understeer gradient with minimal turning circle diameter & a high suspension travel (approximately 185 mm). This is achieved through

Nadkarni, Ameya Ravindra, NAYAK, Bhargav, Mhatre, Nitij, Patnala, Avinash

Optimization of Electric Drive Unit Mounting for Vibration Isolation in EV Powertrains Using Multibody Dynamics

2026-26-0080To be published on 01/16/2026

With growing significance of electric vehicles (EVs), their powertrains—while naturally quieter than internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrains—pose new NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) challenges. These are triggered mainly from high-frequency disturbances caused by electric motors and gear interactions. Isolation of such excitations is essential for securing cabin refinement and customer expectations for acoustic comfort. This paper offers a simulation-based approach to optimal placement of the electric drive unit (EDU), which houses the electric motor and gearbox, with the objective of reducing vibration transfer to the chassis of the vehicle. The methodology explores the effect of spatial mount repositioning under actual dynamic load conditions through multibody dynamics (MBD) modeling and integrated optimizer using advanced multibody dynamics simulation software – Virtual Dynamics. The suggested workflow helps in effective investigation of mount positioning within packaging

Mane, Prashant, Shah, Swapnil, Back PhD, Arthur, Pinjari, Abrar, Emran, Ashraf, Mane PhD, Shrikala

Hybrid Topology Selection & Optimization of a Compact SUV to Meet Future CO2 Norms - an Indian Case Study

2026-26-0077To be published on 01/16/2026

Rising environmental concerns and stringent emissions norms are pushing automakers to adopt more sustainable technologies. There is no single perfect solution for any market and there are solutions ranging from biofuels, green hydrogen to electric vehicles. For Indian market, especially in the passenger car segment, hybrid vehicles are favoured when it comes to manufacturers as well as with consumer because of multiple reasons such as reliability, performance, fuel efficiency and lower long-term cost of ownership. For automakers planning to upgrade their fleets in the context of upcoming CAFE III (91.7 g CO2 / km) & CAFE IV (70 g CO2 / km) norms, hybridization emerges as the next natural step for passenger cars. Lately, various state governments have also promoted hybrid vehicle sales by offering certain targeted tax breaks which were previously reserved for EVs exclusively. Current study focuses on various parallel hybrid topologies for an Indian compact SUV, which is the highest

Emran, Ashraf, Sandhu, Rouble, Keizer, Ruben, Warkhede, Pawan

State-of-the-Art Battery Thermal Management Technologies for SCV EV: An Integrated Approach to Enhance Energy Utilization, Boost Battery Efficiency, and Reduce Expenses

2026-26-0076To be published on 01/16/2026

The Effective battery thermal management is fundamental to ensuring both the performance and durability of small commercial electric vehicles. This study investigates advanced methods for maximizing energy efficiency, extending driving range, shortening charging durations, and lowering costs by employing insulation and thermoelectric cooling technologies. India's diverse and often extreme climatic conditions-ranging from intense summer heat to cold winters-significantly affect the thermal management of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Also in small commercial vehicle segment uncontrolled operation condition (loading & off-road driving) of vehicle is common in India which leads to higher average C rate from battery implies need active battery cooling. Keeping batteries within their optimal temperature range is vital for maintaining their efficiency, safety, and service life. Advanced thermal insulating materials stabilize battery temperatures by minimizing heat gain and external

Chormule, Suhas Rangrao, Warule, Prasad, Nagpure, Rahul, Jadhav, Vaibhav

Optimizing Tire NVH Performance in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Approach Using Benchmarking, Simulation, and Validation

2026-26-0605To be published on 01/16/2026

The electrification of mobility is becoming increasingly vital in meeting global zero carbon footprint targets, with nations setting ambitious goals to achieve by 2030. As part of this transformation, the development of Electric SUVs (E-SUVs) capable of navigating diverse terrains and road conditions presents a significant challenge, often extending vehicle development timelines. To address these demands, many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are adopting a ‘Born-Electric’ platform approach, specifically tailored to the unique requirements of electric vehicles. However, this approach introduces several challenges, particularly in maintaining the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) levels expected by customers. The elimination of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powertrain has significantly shifted the NVH dynamics of E-SUVs, with tire road rolling noise becoming a dominant factor influencing in-cabin noise perception, Tire-induced noise and vibrations emerge as primary

Singh, Ram Krishnan, Deivasigamani Purushothaman, Balakrishnan, Paua, Ketan, ahire, Manoj, Adiga, Ganesh N

A Model Based Framework for Safety Risk Assessment using Systems Theoretic Process Analysis for ASIL Justification According to ISO 26262

2026-26-0022To be published on 01/16/2026

With advancements in automotive systems, particularly in autonomous and electric vehicles, the increasing complexity of modern vehicular systems is challenging the traditional safety analysis methods prescribed by ISO 26262. Failure-based safety analysis techniques often struggle to identify systematic risks arising from software interactions, human factors, and emergent behaviors. This paper addresses this gap by providing a framework that utilizes Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to complement ISO 26262’s hazard analysis methods by considering emergent hazards during the justification of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL). The aim of this paper is to present a model-driven hybrid methodology that combines traditional fault-based approaches with STPA for traceable ASIL justification, thereby enhancing ISO 26262’s Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) process. This approach allows for the integration of contemporary safety analysis techniques like STPA into

NAG, PRAMIT, Ali, Sam, Roy Choudhury, Diyanjan

Virtual Prototyping: Accelerating Traction Motor Development for Commercial Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0152To be published on 01/16/2026

This paper presents the virtual prototyping of traction motor in commercial EV to make an early prediction of the performance parameters of the machine without spending an enormous cost in building a physical structure. A 48/8 slot-pole configuration of IPMSM is used to demonstrate the electromagnetic and thermal co-simulation in ANSYS MotorCad. The key dimensions were calculated on the basis of the permanent-magnet field theory, and the 2D finite element method (FEM) model of the IPM motor using Ansys MotorCad electromagnetic simulation tool. The influence of geometrical parameters on the performances of traction motor are evaluated based on FEM. The temperature distribution of the motor under rated operating condition and the condition of maximum speed were also analyzed. Alongside, the effects of saturation, demagnetization analysis, and the impact of PM flux linkage on inductances are also considered in this paper. At last, the simulation and analytical results of the IPMSM motor

Murty, V. Shirish, Rathod, Sagarkumar, Gandhi, Nikita, Tendulkar, Swati, Kumar, Kundan, Thakar, Dhruv, Sethy, Amanraj

Thermal Management Control strategy for Primary & Secondary Drive Cooling Hybrid Electric Tractor

2026-26-0069To be published on 01/16/2026

Global emission norms are getting very strict due to combat the harmful pollutants from internal combustion engine. Hence internal combustion engine (ICE)-based agricultural tractors need to introduce complex after-treatment systems and fuel optimization to provide same or higher value to farmers as cost of these systems drive the overall cost of the product. Engineers around the world are building Electric vehicles to combat the problem and has range issues due to design constraints & Hybrid tractors have emerged as a promising intermittent solution. It helps in combining the advantages of respective ICE and electrification solutions while reducing overall vehicle emissions and enhances operational flexibility. This paper presents a modular thermal modes system developed for a hybrid electric tractor platform where a downsized diesel engine operates at optimal efficiency DC generator used to charge the battery & DC converter is used to charge the auxiliary battery. Battery which is

K, Sunil, Makana, Mohan, Natarajan, Saravanan, K, MALA

A Frequency-Based correlation adjustment method for translating Proving Ground Test Tracks to 4-DOF Road Simulator Rig Testing of Electric Two wheelers

2026-26-0556To be published on 01/16/2026

Real-world usage subjects two-wheelers to complex and varying dynamic loads, necessitating early-stage durability validation to ensure robust product development. Conducting a full life-cycle durability testing on proving grounds is time-consuming, extremely difficult for the riders involved, and costly, which is why accelerated testing using rigs such as the road simulator system have become a preferred approach. The use of road simulators necessitates, accurately measured inputs and precise simulation to ensure proper actuation of the rig, thereby enabling realistic representation of road undulations. Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) is used to measure various inputs such as displacement, acceleration, strain, and predicted forces from the road which are then used to simulate real-world conditions in a road simulator. This paper covers two important aspects essential for achieving an accurate and clear representation of road simulation in a 4-DOF road simulator, encompassing both

Ganju, Shubham, V, Vijayamirtharaj, Prasad, Sathish, R S, Mahenthran

The selection of a two-speed gearbox for small commercial electric vehicles aims to optimize powertrain efficiency

2026-26-0417To be published on 01/16/2026

In response to the significant environmental challenges posed by climate change driven by global warming, the automotive industry is accelerating the transition toward electrification. While electric vehicles offer considerable potential for mitigating CO₂ emissions, their elevated upfront costs pose a notable challenge to large-scale market penetration. Energy efficiency improvement of electric vehicles is emerging field of research to reduce total cost of ownership. Electric vehicle powertrain component selection in small commercial vehicles including three and four wheelers is a complex process which has to fulfil multiple requirements Range, performance, drivability, packaging, total cost of ownership of vehicle and comfort. In addition, powertrain configuration including battery, motor and transmission ratio selection plays a fundamental role in cost of electric vehicle. Hence, The task of selecting the right powertrain configuration, encompassing architecture, motor selection

Wani, Kalpesh, Jadhav, Vaibhav, Shendge, Raman, Warule, Prasad

Applicability of EMC Validation for EV powertrain components

2026-26-0197To be published on 01/16/2026

The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. An electric vehicle is a complex and dynamic system consisting of numerous components interacting with each other. With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. Considering all these, EMC Testing of all power train components with real case scenarios is utmost important. This paper will put a light on applicability of various EMC tests for EV components like Traction Battery, Traction Motor and Inverter, DC to DC Converter, 3 in 1 Unit, 4 in Unit, BTMS unit, HVAC system, On Board Charger etc. With ICE vehicles, all components were connected to only 12/24V battery but with the EV era, Components are getting connected to HV battery or LV battery or sometimes both. With this change, all ISO and CISPR standards were undergone with major revisions. It is important to consider these changes while performing EMC test. This paper

Yeola, Mayur, Murumkar, Aditya, Mulay, Abhijit B

Evaluating the Environmental Footprint of Electric Vehicles: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Sustainable Mobility in India

2026-26-0235To be published on 01/16/2026

Road transport contributes 12% of India's energy-related CO2 emissions and is a major source of urban air pollution. These emissions have tripled since 1990, driven by rapid urbanization and the growing demand for private vehicles. Without a shift away from fossil fuels, these trends will intensify climate and air quality challenges. Among sustainable alternatives, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution. However, a comprehensive understanding of their environmental performance, particularly in the Indian context, is essential for informed decision-making. This study employs a Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of typical passenger vehicle with a ICE engine compared to its EV powertrain. Key life cycle stages-manufacturing, transportation, distribution, maintenance, and end-of-life-are analysed using real-world data wherever feasible. To capture the evolving energy landscape, the study incorporates India's projected

Sonawane, Nayan, Sathaye, Asmita, Gode, Abhishek, Deshpande, Ashish, Shinde, Harshavardhan, Kothe, Anjali

EV Transmission efficiency estimation using Simulation X

2026-26-0453To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric vehicle (EV) transmission efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy use and enhancing performance. It minimizes power losses during energy transfer from the motor to the wheels, directly impacting the vehicle's range and battery life. High efficiency ensures smoother acceleration and better driving dynamics, improving the overall user experience. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) transmissions, EV transmissions often employ simpler, single-speed systems, reducing complexity and energy loss. Efficient transmissions help reduce energy usage, lower costs, and minimize environmental impact. As a result, transmission efficiency plays a vital role in ensuring the sustainability and reliability of EV designs. This paper proposes a simulation model based methodology to estimate EV transmission efficiency based on modelica models developed on simulation X. A single speed EV model is developed which contains whole transmission layout discretized into simple components which

Sutar, Suresh, Thambala, Prashanth, Patel, Hiral

Investigation and Reduction of Road Noise due to transient road inputs in Electric Vehicle

2026-26-0358To be published on 01/16/2026

Higher road noise is perceived in the cabin when the test vehicle encounters road irregularities like bump or pothole in the public roads. The sudden transfer of transient road inputs inside the body caused objectionable cabin noise. Measurements are conducted on the test track at different road surfaces to identify the patch where the objective data well correlated with the noise measured at the public road. Wavelet analysis is carried out to identify the frequency zones since the events are transient in nature. Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) is conducted in both time domain and frequency domain to identify the nature of the noise and the limitation in each of the methodologies are explained. The dominant path through which the transient road forces are transferring inside the body are also identified. Based on the outcome of TPA, various countermeasures like reduction of dynamic stiffness of suspension and cradle bushes , structural modifications on the path are proposed to reduce the

S, Nataraja Moorthy

Simulation of EV range Estimation for different payload of vehicle.

2026-26-0389To be published on 01/16/2026

The electrification of transportation is reshaping the automotive and logistics industries, with electric vehicles (EVs) playing an increasingly central role in passenger mobility and commercial operations. As EV adoption grows, the need for accurate range estimation becomes critical, particularly under varying operational conditions such as increased payload. A key business challenge lies in the significant variability of EV range due to changes in vehicle load, which can affect performance, operational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness—especially for fleet-based services. This study focuses on addressing the technical gap in predicting EV range with respect to different payload conditions. Traditional range estimation methods often fail to account for real-world variables like additional cargo weight, leading to suboptimal route planning, increased energy consumption, and unanticipated charging requirements. Payload-induced range degradation can result in up to some deviation in

Khatal, Swaraj, Gupta, Anjali, Krishna, Thallapaka

Investigation of Low Frequency Interior Noise due to Tyre-Road Interaction

2026-26-0351To be published on 01/16/2026

Unlike internal combustion engine (IC Engine) vehicles, the rapidly growing electric vehicle (EV) market demands tyres with superior yet often conflicting performance characteristics. The increased weight of EVs, due to their heavy batteries, necessitates robust tyres with reinforcement and higher inflation pressure. Conversely, increased wear due to higher initial torque and the need for lower rolling resistance to extend range, combined with the requirement for better grip for improved handling, call for advanced compound and tread pattern designs. EV tyres need to be stiffer, lighter, and less dampened, making it very hard to reduce low-frequency (20-200 Hz) interior noise that was previously hidden by engine noise. This study investigates the low-frequency (20-200 Hz) structural-borne interior noise performance of EV tyres using both experimental and simulation tools. By wisely tuning the tyre's stiffness, mass, and damping properties, the necessary noise targets can be met. These

Subbian, Jaiganesh, M, Saravanan

Acoustic Challenges in Electric Vehicles: A Comparative Study of HVAC Noise in EVs and ICE Vehicles

2026-26-0353To be published on 01/16/2026

With the transition from ICE vehicles to EV’s, the dominant noise sources within the vehicle cabin have shifted from engine noise to auxiliary systems, especially HVAC systems. In conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE), engine noise tends to mask auxiliary noises. However, in electric vehicles (EVs), the lack of engine noise causes these auxiliary noises, such as those from the HVAC system, to become more prominent and potentially uncomfortable for occupants. The primary objective is to understand how the absence of engine noise in EVs influences the perceived HVAC noises. The research methodology involves static and on-road testing of both electric and ICE vehicle having common platform, conducted under similar testing conditions. The study aims to quantify and compare the acoustic characteristic differences of HVAC noise between ICEs and EVs, primarily focusing on cabin airflow noise, refrigerant flow noise, and AC compressor engagement/disengagement noise

Patra, Subhashree, Joshi, Rishi, Sharma, Rachit, lingampelly, Rajaprasad, Neupane, Manoj

Methodology to Accelerate BEV Range Testing Using Shortened Cycle Maintaining High Testing Reliability and Accuracy.

2026-26-0444To be published on 01/16/2026

In the era of Electric Vehicles (EVs), range is a critical factor for market success. To mitigate range anxiety, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are equipping vehicles with larger battery packs. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, where fuel economy can be determined with a single legislative cycle run, EVs require a full battery discharge to calculate their range. These tests typically take around 10 hours, and this time increases as battery pack sizes grow. A shortened testing cycle has been developed that reduces the testing time to approximately 4-5 hours, leading to significant savings in time, effort, and cost. The shortened cycle consists of three phases: Dynamic Segment1, Constant Speed, and Dynamic Segment2. Despite variations in battery size and powertrain configurations, the testing duration remains consistent. A key challenge in actual testing is accurately determining the start and end points of Dynamic Segment 2 (DS2), which is an iterative process

T, LAKSHMI PRASAD BEKAL, Krishnan, Karthikeyan N., S, VIVEK

A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Battery Swapping Technology vs. Traditional Charging Systems: Evaluating Efficiency, Scalability, and Future Implications for E-Mobility.

2026-26-0194To be published on 01/16/2026

As the Electric Vehicle market accelerates at an unprecedented pace, the demand for efficient, scalable, and user-centric charging solutions has become critical. This paper delivers a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two transformative charging paradigms, conventional charging & the innovative Battery swapping technology. While traditional charging methods remains the industry backbone but they grapple with inherent challenges like prolonged charging durations, high infrastructure requirements and substantial energy consumptions. In contrast, the Battery swapping emerging as a disruptive solution which offering near-instantaneous battery replacement that drastically reduces the downtime and mitigates range anxiety, thereby redefining the parameters of EV usability. The paper embarks on a structured exploration of electric vehicle recharging systems, & beginning with a historical review & Evolution of both types technologies to better understanding of their foundational

Jain, Gaurav, PREMLAL, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang

Predictive Modelling of Battery Behavior for Enhanced Energy Management in Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0385To be published on 01/16/2026

As electric vehicles (EVs) and smart energy systems continue to evolve, optimizing energy usage and ensuring system reliability has become critical. However, battery pack modelling remains challenging due to its highly dynamic and nonlinear behavior due to the temperature variations, aging, and variable load conditions. This paper presents a 1D digital twin framework designed for predictive monitoring of the battery parameters, including State of Charge (SoC), terminal voltage, temperature, and an indicative assessment of State of Health (SoH). The battery is modelled using a Thevenin equivalent circuit that covers both steady-state and dynamic electrical characteristics. Key parameters such as open-circuit voltage (OCV), internal resistance, and dynamic characteristics were derived through pulse testing conducted in our laboratory. A thermal modelling is done to capture the heat generation and cell temperature. SoC estimation is carried out using the Coulomb counting method and

G, Ayana, Gumma, Muralidhar

Analysis and identification of discrepancies between test data and simulation results using an automated EV range analysis tool

2026-26-0470To be published on 01/16/2026

With growing consumer interest in electric vehicles due to their advantages over traditional internal combustion engine cars, including instant torque and enhanced safety, comprehensive testing of these vehicles has become crucial. Engineers are faced with the challenge of managing the large amounts of data generated during testing. This work aims to develop an automated framework for data processing and simulation of on-road test data and generate reports to monitor inconsistencies. To achieve this, range tests were conducted across various regions and each test data was processed using the EV range analysis tool to check for inconsistencies if any. It was observed that there was a mismatch between the tested and simulated range at expressways. This was due to the unrealistic extrapolation of the vehicle’s coastdown forces above 120 kmph. Hence, tests were conducted to measure the coastdown forces of the vehicle above 120 kmph which was then used in simulation to estimate the range

S, VIVEK, T, LAKSHMI PRASAD BEKAL, Krishnan, Karthikeyan N.

Predictive SoC Management for Enhanced Recuperation Efficiency in Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0154To be published on 01/16/2026

In recent years, the automotive industry has been looking into alternatives for conventional vehicles to promote a sustainable transportation future having a lesser carbon footprint. Electric Vehicles (EV) are a promising choice as they produce zero tail pipe emissions. However, even with the demand for EVs increasing, the charging infrastructure is still a concern, which leads to range anxiety. This necessitates the judicious use of battery charge and reduce the energy wastage occurring at any point. In EVs, regenerative braking is an additional option which helps in recuperating the battery energy during vehicle deceleration. The amount of energy recuperated mainly depends on the current State of Charge (SoC) of the battery and the battery temperature. Typically, the amount of recuperable energy reduces as the current SoC moves closer to 100%. Once this limit is reached, the excess energy available for recuperation is discharged through the brake resistor/pads. This paper proposes a

Barik, Madhusmita, S, Sethuraman, Aruljothi, Sathishkumar

State of Health correction based on dynamic cell behaviour in EVs.

2026-26-0183To be published on 01/16/2026

In electric vehicle (EV) applications, accurate estimation of State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion battery packs is critical for ensuring performance reliability, operational safety and user confidence. SOH is a key parameter monitored by Battery Management System (BMS) to assess the remaining usable life of the battery and to make informed decisions regarding charging, discharging, power delivery, and maintenance scheduling. In traditional SOH estimation techniques often rely on simplistic full-cycle charge-discharge data or single-parameter tracking (such as voltage or internal resistance and other method like coulomb counting and kalman filter ), which do not account for variable field conditions such as partial and full state-of-charge usage condition, dynamic load profiles, and non-uniform aging. As a result, these methods can produce significant deviations in SOH prediction, potentially causing premature system-level shutdowns, inaccurate range estimation, and delayed detection

Nikam, Ashish, Tiwari, Awanish Shankar, Sodha, Nirav, Hariyani, Ganesh, Ambhore, Yogesh Gajanan

Optimization of Battery Mixing Strategies to Enhance Electric Vehicle Performance and Efficiency

2026-26-0209To be published on 01/16/2026

Fleet operators increasingly contend with a patchwork of battery‑pack generations that remain electro‑chemically compatible yet differ markedly in capacity, internal resistance and residual life. Conventional “like‑for‑like” replacement policies oblige service providers to retain costly legacy inventories or to install brand‑new packs in ageing vehicles—both scenarios inflating warranty exposure and material waste. Deploying a rational mixing strategy for packs of different vintages therefore offers a compelling path to lower costs and improve sustainability, but industry‑wide guidance is limited and confidence in performance impacts remains low. This paper presents an optimisation‑driven framework that determines when and how heterogeneous packs can be paired at the moment of integration while maintaining vehicle performance targets and minimising life‑cycle cost. The methodology combines: a physics‑based electro‑thermal performance model parameterised for discrete state‑of‑health

Nair, Sandeep R., Ravichandran, Balu Prashanth, Hallberg, Linus

Simulation Research on Torque Vectoring, Braking, Chassis control Strategies for Electric & hybrid Vehicles using System Simulation

2026-26-0423To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids alleviate the energy crisis but pose a unique challenge for vehicle dynamics. Though significant developments in motor control strategy and energy density management are evolving, we face significant challenges in Torque Management with several ADAS features being integral part of the EV's/xHEV's. It demands high-fidelity physical and control model exchanges between electric-chassis, ride-handling, tire modelling, Steering Assist, powertrain and validate using 0D-1D platform. This paper explicates a unified strategy for improving overall vehicle performance by intelligently distributing and coordinating drive torque to enhance traction, stability, and drivability across diverse operating conditions through the co-simulation. Co-Simulation platform includes physical models in AMESIM, and control strategies integrated in MATLAB/Simulink. The platform features comprehensive representations of digital vehicle that requires detailed modelling of

Eruva, Patrickxavier, Sarapalli Ramachandran, Raghuveeran, Chougule, Sourabh, Natanamani-Pillai, Siva Subramanian, Scheider, Clement, Leclerc, Cedric, Natarajasundaram, Balasubramanian

State of Health Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Methods, Comparisons, and Future Directions

2026-26-0208To be published on 01/16/2026

As the world is moving towards electric vehicles , we are observing a wide use of Lithium-Ion batteries in modern transportation. Lithium-Ion Batteries offer several advantages over conventional battery systems, including higher energy density that is energy stored per unit mass, longer Cycle Life, faster Charging rates, low Self-Discharge, lighter weight, and ease of maintenance as the memory effect present in other batteries is absent . Of course, challenges remain, e.g. accurate battery State of Health (SOH) estimation which stays as an indispensable parameter for safety and useability. Inaccurate SOH estimation can lead to unexpected vehicle behavior and a degraded end-user experience, especially due to incorrect "distance to empty" predictions. Also, different battery chemistries present various challenges, creating need of tailored models. In this paper, different SOH estimation techniques are reviewed and compared in detail . The SOH estimation approaches are broadly classified

Patel, Parvez, Bhagat, Ayush

Validation of 0D-1D Co-Simulation Strategies in Cold Climate for ‘Full EV Digital Vehicle’

2026-26-0448To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric Vehicles is embedded with increased software algorithms coupled with several physical systems. It demands the efficacy of components which are linked together to build a system. The digital models reviewed in this paper are at system-level and full vehicle-level, comprising several components and control design, analysis, and optimization. Systems pertaining to each functionality such as, AC loop, E-Powertrain, HEVC, Cooling system, Battery Management System, Vehicle control system etc. together make an 'Integrated Digital Vehicle'. Fidelity of Intersystem co-simulation [AMESIM + SIMULINK] is key to validate the thermal and energy management strategies. This paper elucidates the correlation of Digital Vehicle compared to Test for Thermal Strategy in different driving scenarios and Energy management. Validation of Digital vehicle with 52kWh, 40kWh High Voltage Battery for Intercity Travel of Customer usage and WLTP for Cold condition of -7degC). Also, to evaluate range

Sarapalli Ramachandran, Raghuveeran, Srinivasan, Rangarajan, Saravanan, Vivek, Dutta, Souham, Pichon, Martin, Leclerc, Cedric, Guemene, Alexis-Scott

A Comprehensive Study: The Potential of Wireless Charging in Future E Mobility.

2026-26-0195To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric mobility is no longer a distant vision, it is a global imperative in the journey of fight against the climate change and the urban pollution. Yet, despite of explosive growth in the electric vehicle adoptions, a major bottleneck remains which is efficient and convenient charging. The current reliance on physical plug in charging station creates inconvenient, time consuming experience and also faces significant technical and economic challenges those threaten to stall the smooth clean transportation revolution. Without innovation in how we recharge our vehicle the promise of electric mobility appears under threat which is undermined by less efficient, less compatible, and infrastructure hurdles. Wireless charging technology stand out as the game changing breakthrough poised to tackle these all critical problems head on. By enabling the effortless, cable-free charging system across the wide spectrum of electric vehicles, from the personal cars to the public transport fleets and

Jain, Gaurav, PREMLAL, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang

Enhancing Thermal Comfort and Vehicle Energy Efficiency: A Simulation Study Using GT ISE + TAITherm

2026-26-0458To be published on 01/16/2026

The automotive industry is encountering difficulties in balancing occupant thermal comfort with HVAC system energy efficiency, particularly under the hot Indian conditions, to meet user expectations and address range anxiety in electric vehicles. Front-loaded comfort-based approach simulations during the development stages have the potential to increase energy savings compared to the stages required at the end of product design. The focus of the current research targets HVAC energy consumers, such as blower flow rates, temperatures, and Cabin heaters, and investigates how these factors influence occupant overall comfort. Additionally, design elements like glass properties and the impact of solar radiation on human comfort are studied at the early concept stages to adopt an energy-based approach for comfort optimization. Simulations are conducted using GT-SUITE and GT-TAITherm software, integrated with CFD field maps platforms to obtain exact flow field predictions. The simulation

BAVIRISETTI, SAI SAMPATH KUMAR, Chothave, Abhijeet, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Khan, Parvej, Thiyagarajan, Rajesh

Intelligent Sequential Charging Control via Fleet-Managed Cloud System

2026-26-0207To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric Vehicles (EV) are increasingly becoming more and more popular in the markets, especially in the commercial vehicle segments. Amidst this, the need to find new elegant methods to perform charging of EV battery becomes extremely crucial. In areas with high demand and limited power capacity, performing charging for multiple vehicles necessitates efficient usage of charging infrastructure, which can’t be guaranteed by the traditional charging methods. Sequential charging is a new state of art technique for managing the charging of multiple EV’s simultaneously connected to a single charging station. Rather than dividing the available power equally among all connected vehicles or charging them one at a time, this technique dynamically allocates power based on various factors such as charging priority, vehicle needs and available infrastructure capacity. Currently, sequential Charging can only be implemented by a particular set of chargers that are interconnected via backend and

De, Abir, Bhattacharya, Ullash, Parihar, Aakash

Oil channelization for EV transmission.

2026-26-0064To be published on 01/16/2026

Leakage of oil through breathers can be a serious concern in electric vehicle (EV) transaxle units, especially due to the complexities presented by small housing space and rotational components, which are running at relatively high speed compared to conventional transmission unit. Traditional methods are mostly centred on developing individual breather compartments, resulting in excess material usage, additional weight, and increased cost of manufacturing. This paper presents a novel and compact way of oil channelization that has been created for the gearbox housing and seeks to counter oil leakage along with maximizing space and efficiency. The improved design incorporates a cover, deflector fins, and obstruction ribs together with a strategically placed oil catcher cavity that effectively keeps the breather isolated from direct exposure to oil. The larger cavity minimizes internal pressure build-up, the fins restrict oil velocity, and an exclusive return path guarantees uninterrupted

Ekshinge, Mahesh Shivaji, Agrawal, Devesh, Pandey, Ankit Kumar, Bhandari, Kiran Kamlakar

Dual-Stage Compressor Bracket NVH Optimization for High-Performance 4x4 Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0327To be published on 01/16/2026

The increasing demand for high-performance 4x4 electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated advancements in Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) optimization, particularly in critical components such as compressor brackets. This study focuses on the NVH optimization of a dual-stage compressor bracket, comparing its performance against a conventional single-stage design. The dual-stage bracket is evaluated for isolation effectiveness, modal frequency alignment, and overall NVH performance, while ensuring compliance with stiffness and durability targets. Through finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the dual-stage bracket demonstrates superior vibration isolation, achieving a 30% reduction in transmitted forces compared to the single-stage design. Modal analysis reveals that the dual-stage configuration effectively shifts critical frequencies away from operational ranges, reducing resonance risks. Additionally, the dual-stage design meets stringent stiffness

Hazra, Sandip, Tangadpalliwar, Sonali

Automotive Cybersecurity: Safeguarding Connected and Autonomous Mobility

2026-26-0629To be published on 01/16/2026

As vehicles transform into complex cyber-physical systems within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), automotive cybersecurity has become a foundational pillar in securing safe, reliable, and trustworthy transportation. This paper examines cybersecurity challenges in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), focusing on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications technologies, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) and critical systems like electronic control units (ECUs), battery management units (BMUs), and sensor fusion modules. Key vulnerabilities, such as remote hacking, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, malware injection, and data breaches, threaten vehicle functionality, passenger safety, and privacy. Key protection mechanisms, including encryption, intrusion detection systems (IDS), cryptographic protocols, secure over-the-air (OTA) updates, and Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML

Kumar, Om, Kumar, Rajiv, Sankar M, Gopi, Haregaonkar, Rushikesh Sambhaji

Development and Validation of a 1D Model for Evaluating Transmission Efficiency in Vehicles

2026-26-0066To be published on 01/16/2026

This study develops a one-dimensional (1D) model to enhance transmission efficiency by evaluating power losses within a transmission system. The model simulates power flow and identifies losses at various stages such as gear mesh, bearing, churning, and windage losses. Using ISO/TR 14179, which provides a method for calculating the thermal transmittable power of gear drives with an analytical heat balance model, the 1D model ensures accurate thermal capacity evaluation under standard conditions. A key advantage of this 1D model is its efficiency in saving time compared to more complex 3D modelling, making it particularly useful during the conceptual stage of transmission system development. This allows engineers to quickly assess and optimize transmission efficiency before committing to more detailed and time-consuming 3D simulations. To validate the model, experimental tests were conducted at various motor speeds (RPM) and torque values, using high-precision sensors and dynamometers

Bandi, Nagendra Reddy

Optimization of Inverter Control Strategies for Improved Powertrain Efficiency Using E-Motor Emulation Platforms

2026-26-0509To be published on 01/16/2026

The traction inverter is a critical component in electric vehicles (EVs), functioning as the heart and brain of the electric powertrain. It controls the power conversion between the high-voltage battery and the electric motor, enabling efficient propulsion and regenerative braking. As EV adoption grows, especially in emerging markets like India, the need for robust and scalable inverter testing solutions becomes paramount. Traditional testing methods involving real batteries and e-motors pose several challenges in the Indian context, including high safety risks, infrastructure limitations, high battery costs, and limited availability of prototype-grade components. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to inverter validation using the AVL Inverter TS™ system— an advanced Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) test system based on e-motor emulation technology.. It enables safe, efficient, and reliable testing without the need for actual batteries or mechanical loads. The system

Mehrotra, Soumya, Chhabra, Rishabh

Advanced SVPWM Techniques for Multi-Level Inverters: Enhancing Performance and Reducing Complexity

2026-26-0147To be published on 01/16/2026

Recent advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology have underscored the critical role of inverters. Traditional Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) schemes, commonly used by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), involve complex timing calculations and lengthy algorithms. This scheme proposes a novel method that eliminates the need for sector and region identification by utilizing sampled values of reference phase voltages, thereby reducing computational efforts and complexities. The proposed scheme can generate N-level PWM signals and offers the flexibility to operate with fewer levels, including in the overmodulation range. The process begins with the conversion of sampled reference phase voltages into timing signals. These timing signals are then processed by an algorithm designed to modify the modulating signals. The modulating signals are individually decoded to generate PWM pulses for each phase, making the scheme applicable to any multilevel inverter configuration. This

Bhanabhagvanwala, Prem Kiritkumar

Electric Vehicle Battery’s Testing Challenges in era of Software Defined Vehicle

2026-26-0159To be published on 01/16/2026

In era of Software Defined Vehicle (SDV), the whole ecosystem of automobile will be impacted. So, it is going to through several challenges for testing activities. In electric vehicle, most critical component is traction battery, which is controlled and operated through battery management system (BMS). BMS is an electronic system, where is going to function as per software of BMS. And in SDV, software is a key element, which is continuously keep on updating on regular basis. So, it means some of BMS functionalities, features or performance may be also altered on each time on software update, which may impact battery’s operating condition, if some scenario is not evaluated during earlier testing, then there are it may bring battery out of safe operating area, which may significantly impact battery safety, performance or cycle-life. In this paper, we are exploring that different testing requirements for EV Batteries, which may be part of testing practices under era of SDV. Here we will

BHATESHVAR, YOGESH KRISHAN, Mulay, Abhijit B

Integrated Powertrain Domain Controller Using Wide Band Gap Devices For EV Applications

2026-26-0055To be published on 01/16/2026

The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) has amplified the demand for highly integrated, efficient, and intelligent powertrain architectures. In the current automotive landscape, EV powertrain systems are often composed of discrete ECUs such as the OBC, MCU, DC-DC Converter, PDU, and VCU, each operating in isolation. This fragmented approach adds wiring harness complexity, control latency, system inefficiency, and inflates costs making it harder for OEMs to scale operations, lower expenses, and accelerate time-to-market. This paper addresses the core issue of fragmented control architectures in EV powertrains by proposing an integrated domain controller-based solution for EV powertrain. The technical gap lies in the absence of a centralized intelligence capable of seamlessly managing and synchronizing the five key powertrain aggregates: OBC, MCU, DC-DC, PDU, and VCU under a unified software and hardware platform. This fragmentation leads to redundancy in computation, increased

Kumar, Mayank, Deosarkar, Pankaj, Inamdar, Sumer, Tayade, Nikhil

Enhancing Range Prediction Accuracy for the BEV: Bridging the Gap Between Simulation and Real-World Testing

2026-26-0521To be published on 01/16/2026

Accurate range estimation in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is essential for optimizing performance, energy efficiency, and customer expectations. This study investigates the discrepancies between physical test data and simulation predictions for the Jeep Wagoneer model. A detailed range delta analysis identifies key contributors to the observed deviations, including regenerative braking inefficiencies, increased propulsion demand, auxiliary loads, and estimated drivetrain losses within the Electric Drive Module (EDM) during traction and regen. Results indicate that the test vehicle exhibits lower regenerative braking efficiency and higher traction and lower regen consumption than predicted by simulations, primarily due to EDM inefficiencies and friction brake usage during regeneration. The study underscores the importance of refining simulation methodologies by integrating real-world, test based EDM loss maps to improve accuracy and better align predictive models with actual vehicle

ali, Shoaib, Mahajan, Prasad

Improve the electric vehicle range by using the climate control setting in economy mode at hot climatic conditions

2026-26-0172To be published on 01/16/2026

Electric vehicles (EVs) have surged in popularity in recent years due to their environmental benefits. The influence of range on air conditioning (AC) power consumption is a critical concern for electric vehicle (EV) owners, particularly in warmer climates. Overcoming obstacles such as a limited vehicle range is necessary for the increased use of electric-powered automobiles. Cabin heating and cooling demand for climate control consumes more energy from the main battery and has been revealed to significantly reduce vehicle range. During peak cooling or heating, the overall power consumption of the AC system takes almost 50% of the energy used for traction. The average reduction in driving range caused by air conditioning (heating and cooling) approximates 33%. The energy usage of an electric vehicle can be considerably decreased by switching the climate control setting to economy mode. The AC system will operate more effectively, enabling the vehicle to save energy and extend its range

Mulamalla, Sarveshwar Reddy, Anugu, Anil, E A, Muhammed, ummiti, kumar, M, Nisshok, Choudhary, Ankit

A Method of Precooling of EV Vehicle from Grid connected aux supply/Charger to reduce peak power demand of HVAC system when vehicle is allotted for passenger operation using cloud based infrastructure

2026-26-0056To be published on 01/16/2026

This paper explains the method of precooling of electric vehicle from grid connected charger reduce load on HVAC and improve the range. HVAC systems are integral part of a commercial EV bus. With the rise of ambient temperatures during various seasons, the load on HVAC System is increasing. Once an Electric vehicle is released from a depot for service, with an initial soaked up ambient vehicle, the HVAC system demands peak power for cooling the interiors which consumes a lot of battery power thus affecting the range. That cause the additional energy consumption required for precooling, which cannot be estimated as it is highly dependent on ambient temperature and range of the vehicle is also dependent on HVAC consumption during summer and peak loads. This paper is proposing a method that uses a special precooling mode which is activated depending on the selection of the vehicle route based on backend application running on cloud. The Application in the cloud checks if the vehicle is

Ganguly, Sutanu, Shukla, Amisha, Jain, Sarika, Patil, Rohan, Sahu, Pritish, Yadav, Ankit, Marskole, Deepa, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya

High-Frequency Dynamic Stiffness Measurements of Automotive Elastomers for Electric Vehicles

2026-26-0312To be published on 01/16/2026

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the demand for advanced elastomeric materials capable of meeting stringent noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) requirements. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs lack traditional powertrain-induced masking noise. In the automotive industry the dynamic stiffness of elastomers for internal combustion engines are determined traditionally using hydraulic test rigs up to test frequencies of max. 1000 Hz. Measurements in excess of these frequencies were not possible and are only carried out using computerized FE or CAE calculation models. Electric drive systems generate distinct tonal noise components in the high-frequency range up to 10 kHz , which are well perceptible even at low sound pressure levels. Consequently, the dynamic stiffness characteristics of elastomers up to 3000 Hz are critical for optimizing NVH performance. This study focuses on the high-frequency dynamic stiffness testing of automotive

Bohne, Christian, Gröne, Michael

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