Browse Topic: Trailers

Items (266)

Efficient Trajectory Planning for Tractor-Trailer Vehicles with an Incremental Optimization Solving Algorithm

2022-01-015903/29/2022

A tractor-trailer vehicle (TTV) consists of an actuated tractor attached with several full trailers. Because of its nonlinear and noncompleted constraints, it is a challenging task to avoid collisions for path planner. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to plan an optimal trajectory for TTV to reach the destination without any collision. To deal with the complicated constraints, the trajectory planning problem is formulated as an optimal control problem uniformly, which can be solved by IPM. A novel incremental optimization solving algorithm (IOSA) is proposed to accelerate the optimization process, which makes the number of trailers and the size of obstacles increase asynchronously. Simulation experiments are carried out in two scenarios with static obstacles. Compared with other methods, the results show that the planning method with IOSA outperforms in the efficiency.

Ruan, Xinyao, Yu, Zhuoping, Xiong, Lu, Fu, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhuoren

Stiffness Coefficients of Heavy Trailer Rear Structures

2022-01-099503/29/2022

Post-crash deformation is often relied upon to determine impact severity, force of impact and the resultant change in velocity of the impact phase. Understanding how the vehicle’s structure absorbs crash energy allows a reconstructionist to utilize the post-crash deformation in these calculations. For light-duty passenger vehicles, there are many publicly available crash test databases that allow for vehicle specific and vehicle class specific energy absorption characteristics to be analyzed. Traditionally, commercial vehicles are not part of the publicly available crash test databases. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) conducted a series of tests with many different box trailers and seventh generation Chevrolet Malibu’s (2008 through 2012 model years). The box trailers were from different manufacturers (Wabash, Greatdane, Utility, Vanguard, Hyundai, Manac, Stoughton, and Struck) and different model years (2011-2018). The tests consisted of stationary box trailers

Suway, Jeffrey, Desai, Elvis, Cornetto, Anthony

Study and Analysis of External Drag Reduction Methods for Tractor-Trailer Trucks using 3D CFD

2022-01-109303/29/2022

Heavy vehicles play a huge role in the national economy of a country and are responsible for the transportation of a major portion of goods across the terrain. In the United States alone, over 85% of the total value of goods are transported with the help of heavy vehicles. Despite the heavy reliance, these vehicles are not fuel-efficient and more than 40% of the engine’s power production is utilized in overcoming the vehicle aerodynamic drag at highway speeds. The present work explores drag reduction methods that could be used as an external aid for cargo trailer trucks. The paper focuses on 3D CFD analysis of different boat-tail designs that could be used to reduce aerodynamic drag on trailers. The boat tails analysed has been optimised in coherence with standard legal norms for European and US highways. It has been found and established that a truncated boat tail works as a better drag reduction measure than a full or completely inflated boat tail. The commercial code of Simerics MP

Varshney, Anchal, Khandagale, Vitthal, Saha, Rohit

Aero drag improvement study on large commercial vehicles using CFD lead approach

2021-26-042409/22/2021

Nowadays, E- commerce and logistics business model is booming in India with road transport as a major mode of delivery system using containers. As competition in such business are on rise, different ways of improving profit margins are been continuously evolved. One such scenario is to look at reducing transportation cost while reducing fuel consumption. Traditionally, aero dynamics of commercial vehicles have never been in focus during their product development although literature shows major part of total fuel energy is consumed in overcoming aerodynamic drag at and above 60 kmph in case of large commercial vehicle. Hence improving vehicle exterior aerodynamic performance gives opportunity to reduce fuel consumption and thereby business profitability. Also byproduct of this improvement is reduced emissions and meeting regulatory requirements. To bring this into reality, vehicle manufacturers are looking at different opportunities to reduce aero drag and one such method that are been

ANWAR, FAISAL, Gulavani, Rohan Arun, Chalipat, Sujit, Jadhav, Satish

Upper Coupler Kingpin - Commercial Trailers and Semitrailers

J700_202011 (Current)

11/12/2020

This SAE Standard applies to upper coupler kingpins for commercial trailers and semitrailers in the unladen condition. See Figure 1. A 90 degree ± 1 degree angle extends (in all directions) from the centerline of the kingpin to the upper coupler plate surface within a 48.26 cm (19 inch) radius. The upper coupler plate surface should not bow downward (convex) more than 0.635 cm (1/4 inch) within a 48.26 cm (19 inch) radius or more than 0.3175 cm (1/8 inch) at a radius of 25.4 cm (10 inches) from the kingpin. The upper coupler plate surface should not bow upward (concave) more than 0.15875 cm (1/16 inch) within a 48.26 cm (19 inch) radius. (See Figure 2.)

Truck and Bus Total Vehicle Steering Committee

Comparative Analysis of Emergency Evasive Steering for Long Combination Vehicles

10/10/2020

This study provides a simulation-based comparative analysis of the distance and time needed for long combination vehicles (LCVs) - namely, A-doubles with 28-, 33-, and 48-ft trailers - to safely exercise an emergency, evasive steering maneuver such as required for obstacle avoidance. The results are also compared with conventional tractor-semitrailers with a single 53-ft trailer. A multi-body dynamic model for each vehicle combination is developed in TruckSim® with an attempt to assess the last point to steer (LPTS) and evasive time (ET) at various highway speeds under both dry and wet road conditions. The results indicate that the minimum avoidance distance and time required for the 28-ft doubles vary from 206 ft (60 mph) to 312 ft (80 mph) and 2.3 s to 2.6 s, respectively. The required LPTS represents a 6% to 31% increase when compared with 53-ft semitrucks. When driving below 76 mph on a dry road and below 75 mph on a wet road, the 28-ft doubles exhibit LPTS and ET that are larger

Chen, Yang, Zhang, Zichen, Ahmadian, Mehdi

Evaluation of General Motors Event Data Recorder Performance in Semi-Trailer Rear Underride Collisions

2020-01-132804/14/2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the validity of airbag control module data in semi-trailer rear underride collisions. These impacts involve unusual collision dynamics, including long crash pulses and minimal bumper engagement [1]. For this study, publicly available data from 16 semi-trailer underride guard crash tests performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) were used to form conclusions about the accuracy of General Motors airbag control module (ACM) delta-V (ΔV) data in a semi-trailer rear underride scenario. These tests all utilized a 2009 or 2010 Chevrolet Malibu impacting a stationary 48’ or 53’ semi-trailer at a speed of 35 mph. Nine tests were fully overlapped collisions, six were 30% overlapped, and one was 50% overlapped [2]. The IIHS test vehicles were equipped with calibrated 10000 Hz accelerometer units. Event Data Recorder (EDR) data imaged post-accident from the test vehicles were compared to the reference IIHS data. For each test, root

Famiglietti, Nicholas, Hoang, Ryan, Fatzinger, Edward, Landerville, Jon

Primary and Auxiliary Seven Conductor Electrical Connector for Truck-Trailer Jumper Cable

J560_202002 (Current)02/25/2020

This SAE Standard provides the minimum requirements for primary and auxiliary jumper cable plug and receptacle for the truck-trailer and converter dolly jumper cable systems for 12 VDC nominal applications. It includes the test procedures, design, and performance requirements.

Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee

Fifth Wheel Kingpin, Heavy Duty - Commercial Trailers and Semitrailers

J848_201812 (Current)12/17/2018

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to fifth wheel kingpins for heavy-duty commercial trailers and semitrailers, used for off-highway operation or in hauling heavy loads (see Figure 1).

Truck and Bus Total Vehicle Steering Committee

Physical Layer, 250 Kbps, Un-Shielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

J1939/15_201812 (Current)12/14/2018

This document describes a physical layer utilizing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable with extended stub lengths for flexibility in ECU placement and network topology. Also, connectors are not specified. CAN controllers used on SAE J1939-15 networks must be restricted to use only Classical Frames as defined in ISO 11898- 1. A network which may have legacy controllers cannot tolerate FD Frames. These SAE Recommended Practices are intended for light- and heavy-duty vehicles on- or off-road as well as appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g., generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to: on- and off-highway trucks and their trailers; construction equipment; and agricultural equipment and implements.

Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

2018 Create the Future Design Contest: Automotive/Transportation Category Winner

TBMG-3331911/01/2018

500 Gallon LOX Trailers

TBMG-2750009/01/2017

Essex Industries, Inc. St. Louis, MO 314-832-4500 www.essexindustries.com

Performance Optimization for the Centre Axle Trailer Combination

2017-01-041903/28/2017

In addition to ride comfort, handling stability and other conventional vehicle performances, we should also focus on other aspects of performance to a center axle trailer combination, such as the maximum stable side-inclination, the anti-rolling stability, the lateral stability and so on. Based on the finite element method, a rigid-flexible coupling model for the truck combination was built and analyzed in the multi-body environment (ADAMS), in which the key components of the chassis and cab suspension were treated as flexible bodies. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the lateral stability of the center axle trailer in accordance with the relevant regulations of the vehicle. The influence of design variables on the lateral stability was studied by an experiment. Furthermore, in order to improve the lateral stability of the trailer combination, the optimal design was obtained by the co-simulation of the ADAMS/Car, iSIGHT and Matlab.

Yang, Yuliang, Yang, Yu, Sun, Ying, Zeng, Jian, Zhang, Yunquan

Vibration Frequencies and Vertical Acceleration Levels Assessment on a Truck Trailer Chassis Considering Various Types of Pavement and Load Conditions

2016-36-006705/11/2016

This paper presents several tests carried out on a truck trailer on different types of pavement and load condition, using proving ground tracks and facilities, the instrumentation details, data analysis and validation. Through an extensive analysis of Brazilian goods road transport, a load vehicle combination and a list of test pavements were chosen as off-road pavement, highway pavement, pot holes, washboard, cobblestones and Belgian blocks. Accelerometers were installed throughout the truck trailer chassis longitudinal length in order to obtain the acceleration levels and vibration frequencies on the truck trailer sprung mass. Aiming to evaluate the base excitation imposed to parts mounted to the truck trailers chassis, according to their mounting position, data processing method and cutoff frequency definition strategies were defined. After the results analysis and chassis acceleration level verification, power spectral densities were generated for each instrumented point of each

de Godoy José, Gustavo, Rebelatto, Mauro, Schwanke, Rui Gustavo Lippert, Strohaecker, Telmo Roberto

Identification of Truck, Trailer, and Bus Wheel Seals and Associated Packaging

J2224_201511 (Current)11/19/2015

This SAE Information Report lists the symbols used by suppliers of truck, trailer, and bus wheel seals to identify their products. These symbols appear on seals and packaging. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide users of truck, trailer, and bus wheel seals a means of identifying the suppliers of all such components by use of the symbology utilized by the suppliers on their components and packaging.

Truck and Bus Wheel Committee

Design of Live Gooseneck Multi-Axle Trailer and Experimental Validation by Simulated Static Load Test

2015-26-015001/14/2015

Special purpose, high payload carrying capacity, live gooseneck, multi axles, hydraulic suspension semi trailer is abinitio designed for transportation and tilting of heavy cargo from horizontal to vertical by hydraulically actuated mechanism integrated on the trailer. The chassis is levelled on hydraulic jacks followed by tilting of cargo. Hence the chassis experiences variable forces during tilting and estimated from kinematic model of tilting mechanism. These forces are input for finite element based structural design of chassis. Structural deflection of a step is made as initial condition for certain load cases of the analysis. Live gooseneck of this semi-trailer consists of hydraulically actuated mechanism, interconnected with multiple hydraulic suspensions in appropriate ratios. Estimation of Axles and fifth wheel force distributions of such trailer is complex. Mathematical modelling made to estimate these forces and applied as inputs for finite element analysis. Simulated static

Chaudhuri, Sanjay, Saini, Vikram

Royal Order of March 15, 1968 - General Regulation on Technical Conditions to be met by Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Safety Accessories.

INT-REG-64008/29/2014

Technical Conditions for Vehicles, Trailers, Safety Accessories.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-60106/06/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Royal Order of March 15, 1968 - General Regulation on Technical Conditions to be met by Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Safety Accessories.

INT-REG-59605/22/2014

Technical Conditions for Vehicles, Trailers, Safety Accessories.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-58204/08/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-58003/28/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Royal Order of March 15, 1968 - General Regulation on Technical Conditions to be met by Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Safety Accessories.

INT-REG-57903/27/2014

Technical Conditions for Vehicles, Trailers, Safety Accessories.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-57403/18/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Royal Decree 2028 of June 6, 1986 - by Means of which Directives are Dictated for the Application of Certain EEC Directives Relating to the Type Approval of Types of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers and Parts and Components of Said Vehicles.

INT-REG-56602/27/2014

Approval of EEC Directives.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-56302/26/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-56002/24/2014

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

“Ascent — Commemorating Shuttle” for iPad

TBMG-2342802/01/2014

A feature-added, interactive version of the video release entitled “Ascent” was developed. The software version contains the full HD (high definition) movie along with extra scenes, still imagery, a movie trailer, and producer notes. The software has been packed as an iOS app, intended for use on the iPad.

Truck Tractor Semitrailer Interchange Coupling Dimensions

J701_201401 (Historical)01/03/2014

The information in this SAE Information Report is the result of studies by the Automobile Manufacturers Association, American Trucking Association, and Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association, to achieve interchangeability of equipment which will comply with the legal dimensional limitations for the majority of states and yet permit increased loading space within these dimensions. This in no way supersedes other information in the SAE Handbook on this subject. Some cases will require more care in application allowing splash shield clearance at trailer support interference points and positioning fifth wheel to allow trailer swing clearance on an 11% grade. All dimensions are given in inches. Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2 show basic requirements for interchangeability of truck tractor and semitrailer equipment. Figure 3 shows the interchangeability of the doubles converter dolly. The formulas for determining LWC, OAL and CFW are: where: FW = fifth wheel advance R = Rear axle tire radius

Truck and Bus Total Vehicle Steering Committee

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-53010/22/2013

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Royal Order of March 15, 1968 General Regulation on Technical Conditions to be met by Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Safety Accessories.

INT-REG-52910/16/2013

Validation Regulations (Technical Requirements for Vehicles and Parts).

A Parametric Assessment of Skirt Performance on a Single Bogie Commercial Vehicle

2013-01-241509/24/2013

A Department of Energy funded research project currently in the final stages of completion has resulted in a web-based tool that gives non-expert users the ability to add aerodynamic devices to a CFD model of a single bogie trailer and generalized tractor model. This model was used to assess the aerodynamic performance of skirt geometries. The skirts were defined using 5 independent geometric parameters and 2 installation parameters. These parameters allow enough freedom in the geometry definition to capture the shape and installation position and angle of a wide number of commercially available skirts on the market today. Using a Design of Experiments approach, the aerodynamic drag response of the truck and trailer to any parametric change in the skirt geometry has been determined across a range of yaw angles. This response surface has then been used to assess the likely range of possible wind averaged drag reduction, and hence fuel economy benefits within the parametric definition of

Eagles, Naethan, Cragun, Matthew

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-51708/08/2013

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles.

INT-REG-48805/22/2013

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Space-Inspired Trailers Encourage Exploration on Earth

TBMG-1645405/01/2013

Garrett Finney moved the office coffeemaker into the full-size, cardboard mockup of the new trailer he was designing. The need for caffeine — and the threat of hot coffee accidentally dumped on a coworker — provided motivation and means for assessing the feasibility of a confined living space. Finney has what he calls a “nonstandard expertise in people in small spaces.” He developed it while part of a NASA team designing living quarters for the International Space Station (ISS).

Ordinance on the EC Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for such Vehicles.

INT-REG-48004/26/2013

EC Vehicle Approval Ordinance.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-47904/25/2013

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-42603/20/2013

Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-40802/25/2013

Type Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 5, 2007 Establishing a Framework for the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles.

INT-REG-38801/24/2013

Type Approval of Motor Vehicles and Trailers.

Connection and Accessory Locations for Towing Multiple Trailers - Truck and Bus

J849_201301 (Current)01/04/2013

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the recommended locations for the air brake and electrical connections for towing multiple trailers. It applies to all commercial trailers except drop frame and car haul types.

Truck and Bus Brake Supply and Control Components Committee

Labeling - Disc Wheels and Demountable Rims - Trucks

J179_201209 (Historical)09/27/2012

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform minimum labeling for disc wheels and demountable rims used in truck, bus, and trailer applications.

Truck and Bus Wheel Committee

Flexible Real-Time Simulation of Truck and Trailer Configurations

11VCV4070112/05/2011

Real-time simulation of truck and trailer combinations can be applied to hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems for developing and testing electronic control units (ECUs). The large number of configuration variations in vehicle and axle types requires the simulation model to be adjustable in a wide range. This paper presents a modular multibody approach for the vehicle dynamics simulation of single track configurations and truck-and-trailer combinations. The equations of motion are expressed by a new formula which is a combination of Jourdain's principle and the articulated body algorithm. With the proposed algorithm, a robust model is achieved that is numerically stable even at handling limits. Moreover, the presented approach is suitable for modular modeling and has been successfully implemented as a basis for various system definitions. As a result, only one simulation model is needed for a large variety of track and trailer types. The number of simulated axles of the track and the

Royal Order of March 15, 1968 General Regulation on Technical Conditions to be met by Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Safety Accessories.

INT-REG-4011/21/2011

Validation Regulations (Technical Requirements for Vehicles and Parts).

Zero-Copy Objects System

TBMG-1135710/01/2011

Zero-copy objects (ZCOs) are abstract data access representations designed to minimize I/O (input/output) in the encapsulation of application source data within one or more layers of communication protocol structure. They are constructed within the heap space of a “Simple Data Recorder” (SDR) data store to which all participating layers of the stack must have access. Each ZCO contains general information enabling access to the core source data object (an item of application data), together with (a) a linked list of zero or more specific “extents” that reference portions of this source data object, and (b) linked lists of protocol header and trailer capsules. The concatenation of the headers (in ascending stack sequence), the source data object extents, and the trailers (in descending stack sequence) constitute the transmitted data object constructed from the ZCO.

Zero-Copy Objects System

TBMG-TB-01135710/01/2011

Zero-copy objects (ZCOs) are abstract data access representations designed to minimize I/O (input/output) in the encapsulation of application source data within one or more layers of communication protocol structure. They are constructed within the heap space of a “Simple Data Recorder” (SDR) data store to which all participating layers of the stack must have access. Each ZCO contains general information enabling access to the core source data object (an item of application data), together with (a) a linked list of zero or more specific “extents” that reference portions of this source data object, and (b) linked lists of protocol header and trailer capsules. The concatenation of the headers (in ascending stack sequence), the source data object extents, and the trailers (in descending stack sequence) constitute the transmitted data object constructed from the ZCO.

Steer Laws for Steerable Trailer Axles to Reduce Tire Wear

2011-01-215309/13/2011

Majority of the tractor/semi-trailers are equipped with non-steerable solid trailer axles. In low speed cornering maneuvers, the trailer tires scrub in opposite directions, generating unnecessary tire wear. Steerable-axle trailers are beginning to appear in the commercial vehicle market to improve maneuverability and treadwear. In this paper, tire slip characteristics of traditional three-axle trailers in turning maneuvers are investigated analytically. Trailer-axle steer laws, defined as a relation between tractor/trailer articulation angle and trailer axle steer angle, are derived for each trailer configuration. The objective is to minimize tire scrub in low speed turning maneuvers and to generate even treadwear for different wheel positions. Effect of the vehicle forward speed on steer laws is discussed. The steer laws are further evaluated using multi-body vehicle dynamic simulation models. The proposed steer laws are also evaluated for their potential in increasing maneuverability

Liu, Peijun, Caroux, Julien

Trailer Axle Alignment

J875_201106 (Current)06/13/2011

The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice, trailer axle alignment, is to identify the dimensional limits of, and a method to, establish a perpendicular relationship between the king pin centerline and the axle centerline at its midpoint. Various types of equipment are commercially available which can be used for this measurement which provides varying degrees of accuracy, but none can be endorsed by SAE. The most fundamental methods of measurement will be described here, but other equipment is available if a greater degree of accuracy is desired.

Truck and Bus Total Vehicle Steering Committee

Labeling - Disc Wheels and Demountable Rims - Trucks

J179_201104 (Historical)04/14/2011

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform minimum labeling for disc wheels and demountable rims used in truck, bus, and trailer applications.

Truck and Bus Wheel Committee

Order of May 4, 2009 on the Approval of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers, and of Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended for Such Vehicles in Application of Directive 2007/46/EC.

INT-REG-20604/13/2011

Type Approval of Vehicles, Trailers, Systems and Components.

Issues Related to the Use and Design of a Backing Rear Cross Traffic Alert System

2011-01-057804/12/2011

Alternative implementations of a Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) system intended to actively notify drivers of the presence of rear cross-path traffic when backing were evaluated in naturalistic settings. The feature is one of several emerging technologies designed to assist drivers when backing - in this case, enhancing drivers' awareness of traffic approaching from the rear. The study allowed performance under a range of RCTA system driver interface implementations to be contrasted with conventional and wide Field of View (FOV) Rear Vision systems. Evaluations were conducted using a sample of 70 drivers under naturalistic settings and environments with repeated exposures to backing tasks. The study also made use of a staged conflict situation with a confederate vehicle in order to more precisely quantify driver behavior and system usage across drivers under controlled conflict situations. Contrasts among the experimental configurations allowed for comparisons across the major system

Neurauter, M. Lucas, Llaneras, Robert E., Li, Brian, Green, Charles

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