Browse Topic: Mining vehicles and equipment

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Static Rollover Stability Analysis of Heavy Tipper vehicle2026-26-0090To be published on 01/16/2026
Heavy tipper vehicles are primarily utilized for transporting ores and construction materials. These vehicles often operate in challenging locations, such as mining sites, riverbeds, and stone quarries, where the roads are unpaved and characterized by highly uneven elevations in both the longitudinal and lateral directions of vehicle travel. During the unloading process, the tipper bodies are raised to significant heights, which increases the vehicle's centre of gravity, particularly if the payload material does not discharge quickly. Such conditions can lead to tipper rollover accidents, causing severe damage to life and substantial vehicle breakdowns. To analyse this issue, a study is conducted on the vehicle design parameters affecting the rollover stability of a 35-ton GVW tipper using multi-body simulations in ADAMS software. The tilt table test was simulated to determine the table angle at which wheel lift occurs. Initially, simulations are performed with the rigid body model
Vichare, Chaitanya Ashok, Patil, Sudhir, Gupta, Amit
Reverse Gear Duty Cycle Generation Using Virtual RLD Simulation2026-26-0405To be published on 01/16/2026
Keywords: RLD (Road Load Data), AVL VSM, AVL Route Studio, Duty Cycle, Transmission, Reverse Gear, Durability The development of transmission systems involves creating duty cycles for bench-level durability evaluations for both forward and reverse gears. For forward gear, vehicles are driven under various real-world conditions over thousands of kilometers, equipped with numerous sensors and components tailored for data collection. In contrast, duty cycles for reverse gear are often based on prior experience or rough estimations due to the lack of clear definition of real world use case. Reverse gear RLD is particularly scarce, especially for heavy-duty vehicles operating in off-road or mining environments, where specific reverse driving paths are not typically followed. This paper presents a detailed methodology highlighting the importance of reverse gear duty cycles by leveraging virtual RLD simulations on various gradients using tools such as AVL Route Studio and AVL VSM. By
Kansagara, Smit, Patel, Hiral, kira, Lucas, Sutar, Suresh, Soor, Debasis
Optimizing Heavy-Duty Mining Operations with LNG Powertrains: Boosting Efficiency and Minimizing Environmental Impact2026-26-0438To be published on 01/16/2026
Heavy-duty mining is a demanding sector within the trucking industry. Mining companies are assigned coal mine sites, and fleet operators are tasked with efficiently extracting ore within the allotted timeframe. To accomplish this, companies deploy dumper trucks that operate in three shifts daily to transport payloads from the site. As a result, uptime is critical, requiring trucks with exceptionally robust powertrains. The profitability of mining operations depends on the efficient use of these dumper trucks. Fuel consumption in these mines represents a significant portion of total expenses. Using LNG as a fuel can help reduce operational fuel costs, thereby increasing customer profitability. Additionally, employing LNG has the potential to lower the CO2 footprint of mining operations. This paper details the development of a data-driven duty cycle for mining vehicles and the simulation methodology used to accurately size LNG powertrain components, focusing on maintaining uptime and
John, Ann Veena, Pendharkar, Koustubh
Mobility Within Mines: Harmonization of Safety requirements for Underground Mining Trucks in India.2026-26-0140To be published on 01/16/2026
The need for energy is ever increasing, though the dependency on renewable energy have increased, it is not sufficient to cater the demand. India is one of fastest developing country which depends on coal 55% for its total energy need. To achieve coal digging & transportation an underground mining vehicle has gained high importance. Underground mine environment is inherently dangerous due to various factors, including explosive and toxic gases, dust, and the potential for collapses. Thereby vehicles running in coal mines requires extreme safety features to safeguard its operator & coal mine workers. In India Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) directing standards & safety provisions for Diesel equipment's working under ground mines. This Paper is providing complete guideline for required safety features for the latest available technology in underground mining trucks. This paper will take you through various standards available globally to insure safety of the operator. Further
Babar, Sagar, Akbar Badusha, A
Influence of Tipping Angles and Body Shapes on Payload Discharge Efficiency in Dump Trucks2026-26-0493To be published on 01/16/2026
The payload retention and material outflow pattern during the unloading process of dump trucks are critical factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of operations in construction and mining industries. This paper investigates the impact of tipping angles and the shape of the dump truck body on payload retention and outflow characteristics. Using FEA methodology, we explore the material outflow pattern for different body geometries such as box body, scoop body etc. for comparative analysis in order to optimize the shape for better & effective unloading. The results demonstrate a comparative estimation for an optimal body shape configuration to effectively unload payload and correlation of payload retention at various tipping angles.
phukan, Prerna, Sahu, Hemant, Dave, Rajeev
A study of Electric motor configuration for Multi Axle Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Truck Application to attain maximum potential of Torque vectoring2026-26-0084To be published on 01/16/2026
As the air pollution level rises around the globe, the need for alternative sources of energy increases, and this need is applicable to automotive industry also. Commercial vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution around the world as they have impactful applicability in our day to day life. With growing advancement in mobility solutions, commercial vehicles are undergoing transformation to improve efficiency, safety and performance. One of the emerging technologies is of torque vectoring which is a concept used to provide better traction and stability to the vehicle in different driving conditions and used in the vehicle having multi motor configuration. Advance torque vectoring concept coupled with electric motor can react to dynamic driving conditions by providing instant torque. The concept of torque vectoring can be useful for heavy commercial vehicles used in off-road applications such as mining because torque vectoring helps in better weight management, cornering
Agarwal, Pranjal, Chaudhari, Gitesh, Gangad, Vikas, Penta, Amar
Comprehensive Durability Assessment of Planet Carrier in Heavy-Duty Tipper Gearboxes Using RLDA Torque Data2026-26-0443To be published on 01/16/2026
In heavy-duty tippers, where challenging conditions demand high torque, planet carriers play a crucial role by enabling efficient load distribution and torque transmission while supporting gear ratio and speed variation in space-constrained systems such as automatic transmissions, hybrid drivetrains, and electric vehicles. This paper focuses on the comprehensive durability performance assessment of planet carriers using duty cycles derived from RLDA measurements for a heavy-duty tipper gearbox development program. The existing Design Validation Plan (DVP) for the planet carrier considers first gear utilization of 10-15% at 40% vehicle overload, in line with historical data. However, recent trends in mining applications revealed vehicle overloads of 55-65%, leading to an increase in first gear utilization (25-35%). This shift presents challenges for OEMs to enhance design durability while incorporating additional safety margins to meet the demands of a competitive, cost-driven market
Bagane, Shivraj, Pendse, Ameya
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Connected Vehicles with Over-The-Air Updates1349212/17/2024
As the automotive world shifts toward fully software-defined vehicles (SDVs), many OEMs are hesitant to embrace a consumer-driven model for over-the-air (OTA) updates. Enter Sibros, a company offering holistic OTA software that enables automakers to achieve scalable, software-defined mobility. By providing AI-powered insights that deliver continuous product and service enhancements, OEMs can harness Sibros' single no-code platform to monitor, control and optimize SDVs, thus accelerating time-to-market, reducing code defects and enabling hundreds of connected vehicle use cases at global scale. This presents unique value for consumers, OEMs, commercial fleet operators, and even off-road sectors like agriculture and mining. To learn more, we sat down with Hemant Sikaria, CEO & Co-Founder, Sibros, to discuss the impact of his company's groundbreaking technology, how insurance and regulation come into play, and the importance of robust security measures to ensure the responsible growth of
Hineman, Marcie
Regulatory Framework for Construction Equipment Vehicles in India2024-26-008901/16/2024
The Construction & Mining field is continuously upgrading, reshaping under the stimulus of technical enhancement. India is considered one of fastest growing country in the word. Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles in India is continuously growing due increased rate infrastructure development. To promote development of the Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEV's) manufacturing sector it was also necessary to build a new governance architecture. Every vehicle plying on road has to comply with Central Motor Vehicle Regulatory requirements as per CMVR act 1989. Earlier 2021 CEV's were required to go through performance trials like brake, steering effort, turning circle measurement, speedometer calibration as dynamic tests as per regulations. It was need of the time to come with stringent norms or for better safety of operators & take CEV compatible international regulation. this paper puts forward the basic principles & safety requirements improved for CEV's over the time
Babar, Sagar, Akbar Badusha, A
Coupled FEM-DEM for determination of payload distribution on Tipper load body2024-26-025501/16/2024
Tippers used for transporting blue metal, construction and mining material is designed with different types of load body to suit the material being carried, capacity and its application. Structural strength verification of load body of tipper is conducted using FEM, by modelling forces due to payload as a pressure function on the panels of the load body. Determining the pressure function on panels is a challenge owing to the complexity of modelling large volume of granular payload using conventional FE methods. Hence, typically the spatial variation of pressure is assumed. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) allows the modelling of granular materials such as gravel, wet or dry sand, coal, etc., taking into account its flow and interaction with the structure holding them. DEM has the ability to numerically calculate displacements and rotations of finite particles. Also, automatically perform contact detection for particle assembly. DEM uses a discrete approach that is very well suited for
Sadasivam, Sivasankaran, Loganathan, Ekambaram, Mahalingam, Manikandan
Development of an Accelerated Powertrain Durability Cycle for Mining Dozers: Integration of Customer Usage Patterns and Road Load Data for generation of efficient test cycles2024-26-009001/16/2024
Mining dozers are heavy-duty machines that operate in harsh environments and under extreme loads. The durability of their powertrain components is critical for their performance and reliability. To ensure the durability of these components, they need to be tested under realistic operating conditions. However, field testing is time-consuming, costly and often impractical due to the limited availability of test sites and machines. Therefore, there is a need to develop an accelerated durability cycle that can simulate the field conditions in a laboratory setting. This paper presents a methodology to develop an accelerated powertrain durability cycle for mining dozers based on the integration of customer usage patterns and road load data. The methodology consists of the following steps: (1) system study to identify the powertrain components and their failure modes; (2) instrumentation of a representative mining dozer with sensors and data acquisition system; (3) data collection from field
Tripathi, Ankur, Ghosh, Ratnadeep, Vishe, Prashant Eknath
Retain Newness of Commercial vehicle: Lining and Paneling2024-26-018801/16/2024
Commercial vehicle are exposed to harsh environment conditions like dust, mud, wind, rain, extreme sun and winter throughout. Apart from white goods and other conventional loading these vehicles also used in applications which involve Handling of Dirty Loads, Construction Raw materials, Mining Industry etc. which leads to fast deterioration of Interiors. Also, in most cases drivers are not the owners. Hence due to high cost of Cleaning at dealerships and low Product maintenance awareness amongst Commercial Vehicle Users, on Road Washing & Cleaning by riverside is common practice which leads to early deterioration of Interior trims. This paper deals with the retention of newness of soft trim parts such as headliner and wall trims. Causes of product deterioration and attributes which influence newness like product appeal, NVH, perceived quality, environmental impact, geometry retention over time etc. have been discussed in detail. Material properties and design considerations for
Shah, Kapil, Apte, Sanjay, Navsariwala, Prashant, Kumar, Sunil, Komar, Sanju, ghodageri, santosh, SURENDRAN, SHIJU
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Autonomous Mining Critical to Global Demand for Minerals1337112/12/2022
With the exponential rise in EV adoption comes a surge in global demand for minerals like graphite, lithium, nickel and cobalt. To keep pace, more mines around the world are needed to get up and running quickly. Enter SafeAI, a company accelerating the world's transition to autonomous mining and construction. By retrofitting heavy duty vehicles and site operations with autonomous technology, SafeAI enables safer, more productive, and more cost-efficient worksites. In terms of supporting the EV supply chain, SafeAI's autonomously operating assets can significantly expedite the development of a mine, which typically takes up to 10 years. Enabled by autonomy, each vehicle can add approximately 1,000 additional hours of productivity per year. We sat down with Bibhrajit Halder, Founder & CEO of SafeAI, to discuss the global state of mining, the move to zero-emission vehicles, and the future of autonomous mining and construction in an era of massive industry adoption.
Hineman, Marcie
SPACE DEBRIS - NEW ENGINEERING AND BUSINESS FRONTIERS2022-26-113905/26/2022
Due to the magnitude of launches in recent times, there is a significant rise in space debris. This perpetual forecasted increase has provided the engineers and business forerunners an opportunity to introduce new markets in the removal and resale of Space Debris as an economic good. The paper shall propose two aspects of the conduction of Space Debris trade: Engineering and Business. The recovery of the debris consists of a Parasitic Satellite with ion-thrusters and onboard compact flight computers, which clings onto massive space debris and forces them for re-entry into the atmosphere, at a trajectory that is safe and traffic-free. These parasitic satellites can be manufactured in three size variations depending upon the target space debris, to maintain weight constraints for the rocket carrier. They are deployed at the target orbits by a carrier. While the large metallic debris is removed by the satellites using electromagnets, the smaller debris is captured by a Wolverine material
Giridharan, Nithyaashree
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Cat MineStar Pushing Autonomy to New Levels1301505/17/2021
Caterpillar Inc., known globally for autonomous vehicle fleets, has hauled 3 billion tons of material to date. On this episode, Michael C. Murphy, Chief Engineer at Cat MineStar Solutions, shares how process, people and productivity, as well as the commitment to safety are working together to make this tremendous impact on the mining industry.
Hineman, Marcie
Designing Rugged SWaP-Optimized MOSA Solutions for UUVs21AERP05_0305/01/2021
As the U.S. Navy increases its investment in its fleet of unmanned undersea vehicles (UUV), suppliers of rugged commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) subsystems, providing solutions for mission computers, network switches and routers, and data storage are meeting the needs of these unique platforms. The Navy classifies UUV systems into four categories, based on their size and how they are launched. Small UUVs range in diameter from 3″ to 10″ and can be man portable or submarine launched. Examples of small UUVs include the Swordfish and Sandfish. Medium UUVs have a diameter of 10″ to 21″ and are surface or submarine launched. Examples of medium UUVs include the Kingfish and the Knifefish. The Knifefish UUV, which is dedicated to mine hunting, is a great example of a UUV designed for a specific purpose. Large displacement UUVs (LDUUV) range in size from 21″ to 84″ in diameter and are also launched on the surface or from a submarine.
Intelligent Voice Activated Drone(s) for in-Vehicle Services and Real-Time Predictions2021-01-006304/06/2021
Today, commercially available drones have limited use-cases in the rapidly evolving community. However, with advances in drone and software technology, it is possible to utilize these aerial machines to solve problems in a variety of industries such as mining, medical, construction, and law enforcement. For example, in order to reduce time of investigation, Indiana State Police are currently utilizing ad-hoc commercial drones to reconstruct crash scenes for insurance and legal purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how to effectively integrate drones for in-vehicle services and real-time prediction for automotive applications. In order to accomplish this, we first integrate simpler controls such as voice-commands to control the drone from the vehicle. Next, we build smart prediction software that monitors vehicle behavior and reacts in real-time to collisions. Furthermore, we employ object recognition techniques through In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems to identify the surroundings
Nithiyanantham, Mayunthan, Sinnapolu, Giribabu
Autonomy Takes Off-highway20AVEP11_0611/01/2020
Integrating automation systems in mining, agricultural and construction machines can increase safety and productivity in the field and bring significant economic benefits. Autonomous operation for on-highway commercial vehicles has grabbed headlines and public attention, rightfully so since these haulers increasingly will share the roads with passenger vehicles. But there is a lot of interesting new core work occurring in the off-highway autonomy space as well, according to Brendan Chan, chief engineer of unmanned systems and active safety at Oshkosh Corp. “There's the hub-to-hub stuff that everyone's been talking about. There's also a lot of geofence, low-speed applications where autonomy could be very useful and a very good value,” Chan said at the 2020 SAE COMVEC Digital Summit. Vehicles for yard maneuvering is one such application.
Gehm, Ryan
TAKING AUTONOMY TO THE NEXT LEVEL20TOFHP10_0210/01/2020
More work still needs done on AI, reaction strategies and assessing technology readiness before L4 trucks are market ready. Despite a pandemic that continues to punish global economic markets, not to mention vehicle manufacturers' and suppliers' product plans, many heavy-duty truck makers are not relaxing on efforts to bring high-level (SAE Level 4 or 5) autonomous trucks to market. Partnerships with self-driving tech startups can be a big part of the roadmap, the latest example coming in mid-July as Navistar announced it will co-develop SAE L4 trucks, targeted for production by 2024, with San Diego-based TuSimple. The producer of International commercial trucks and IC Bus school and commercial buses also has taken a minority stake in TuSimple. These moves follow a two-year “technical relationship” with the startup, which operates a U.S. fleet of 40 self-driving trucks that move freight between Arizona and Texas for companies like UPS and McLane Company. TuSimple plans to demonstrate
Gehm, Ryan
Autonomy is Coming to Commercial Vehicles20AVEP09_1009/01/2020
But not without its share of technical and implementation hurdles - and tech-startup casualties. Despite a pandemic that continues to punish global economic markets, not to mention vehicle manufacturers' and suppliers' product plans, many heavy-duty truck makers are not relaxing on efforts to bring to market high-level (SAE Level 4 or 5) autonomous trucks. Partnerships with self-driving tech startups can be a big part of the roadmap, the latest example coming in mid-July as Navistar announced it will co-develop SAE L4 trucks, targeted for production by 2024, with San Diego-based TuSimple. The producer of International commercial trucks and IC Bus school and commercial buses also has taken a minority stake in TuSimple. These moves follow a two-year “technical relationship” with the startup, which operates a U.S. fleet of 40 self-driving trucks that moves freight between Arizona and Texas for companies like UPS and McLane Company. TuSimple plans to demonstrate completely driverless
Gehm, Ryan
Embedded Boards Help Drive Commercial AVs20AVEP07_1007/01/2020
Kontron is leading a trend toward smaller, more lightweight and power-efficient electronic architectures. Transportation technologies driven by autonomy are making partnerships an increasingly important part of vehicle-development strategies. That has created significant openings for design and development companies like Kontron, which is leveraging its expertise in high-end embedded systems to expand its position in commercial vehicles. The board-and-system supplier is working with a number of ecosystems created to address the many issues related to autonomy. Products for rail, mining and off-highway have been part of the portfolio for Kontron, which also designs advanced technology for industrial, avionics, medical and military customers. There is a growing connection between vehicle systems and high-end embedded digital electronics, driven in part by the change from several distributed control units to fewer centralized controllers.
Costlow, Terry
Annual Product Guide20TOFHP06_1206/01/2020
Study of skid steering method for distributed-drive articulated heavy vehicle based on the co-simulation model2020-01-076104/14/2020
Distributed-driver articulated steering vehicles (DASVs), the particular engineering equipment, have good maneuverability and tractability in poor road and narrow space conditions. They are always used in the mining, construction, forest, and agricultural industry. Its structure comprise front and rear frame connected by an articulation joint and two hydraulic struts. In the steering process, these two struts are driven by pump of hydraulic system, and the vehicle will turn following the control of steering wheel with the coupling effects of articulation joint and struts. But due to the high load of the DASVs, the influence of pressure of outlet chamber, and the compressible of the oil, it is easy to cause the high pressure level, the low energy efficiency, and poor stability in hydraulic steering process. This is not conducive to improving the security, economy, and stability of DASVs. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, this paper will make the DASVs as the objective vehicle
Xu, Tao, Ji, Xuewu, Fei, Cong, Liu, Yahui, Shen, Yanhua
Steering Behavior of an Articulated Amphibious All-Terrain Tracked Vehicle2020-01-099604/14/2020
This paper presents a study related to an Articulated Amphibious All-Terrain Tracked Vehicle (ATV) characterized by a modular architecture. The ATV is composed by two modules: the first one hosts mainly the vehicle engine and powertrain components, meanwhile the second one can be used for goods transportation, personnel carrier, crane and so on. The engine torque is transmitted to the front axle sprocket wheel of each module and finally distributed on the ground through a track mechanism. The two modules are connected through a multiaxial joint designed to guarantee four relative degrees of freedom. To steer the ATV, an Electro Hydraulic Power System (EHPS) is adopted, thus letting the vehicle steerable on any kind of terrain without a differential tracks speed. The paper aims to analyze the steady-state lateral behavior of the ATV on a flat road, through a non-linear mathematical vehicle model built in Matlab/Simulink environment. The model describes the vehicle main planar motion and
Tota, Antonio, Velardocchia, Mauro, Rota, Emanuele, Novara, Andrea
A Real-Time Obstacle-Avoidance Trajectory Planner for On-Road Autonomous Vehicle2020-01-501802/24/2020
A real-time obstacle-avoidance trajectory planner for on-road autonomous vehicle is proposed in this paper. A cubic B spline core is parametric to generate path with continuous curvature as well as taking the extreme curvature limited by steer system into account. By sampling the target sets via offsetting along the reference path, lots path sets are produced with same heading. As embedded with collision checker and path evaluator, a path selector could pick out the best one to planning speed profile for coupling trajectory to track. Finally, according to the change of path curvature, the speed profile scheduler addresses the conflict of curvature and deceleration. Referencing to the ISO3888-2:2011, a collision avoidance scenario was design to validate the planner. The test results of ten cycles test illustrate that the planner has high enough real-time performance as mean plan time less than 100ms with success rate about 100%.
Yishan, Li, Lu, Xiong, Dequan, Zeng, Puhang, Xu, Zhuoren, Li
AUTONOMOUS construction sites20TOFHP02_0202/01/2020
Equipment makers are testing the emerging technologies required to advance automation beyond individual machines. In the construction world, some companies are not just looking to electrify and automate individual machines-they have their sights set on something much grander: the entire jobsite. And Doosan Infracore expects to do so in the next five years. In addition to debuting new Doosan models at the ConExpo-Con/Agg 2020 trade show in March, such as the DA45-5 articulated dump truck, the DL580-5 wheel loader and the DX800LC-5 crawler excavator-the largest Doosan machine yet-the company (booth N10001) also will showcase Concept-X, an autonomous worksite in development at its Boryeong Proving Grounds in South Korea.
Gehm, Ryan
EDITORIAL: ConExpo: Go big or go home20TOFHP02_0602/01/2020
My inbox has been inundated with notifications of exciting new construction equipment, power systems, and other advanced technologies to be revealed at the rapidly approaching ConExpo/Con-Agg and IFPE shows in March. For example, as I write this in mid-January, Kubota teases that it is entering a new product segment and will unveil new equipment at the Las Vegas event. And the onslaught will only intensify in the coming weeks. Not that I'm complaining. North America's largest construction trade-show comes around just every three years, so the excitement surrounding it is warranted and the number of new-product launches justified-it's a big event.
Gehm, Ryan
Volvo CE showcases 100-ton EC950F excavator, new hybrid assist that cuts fuel use by 15%20TOFHP02_1302/01/2020
The entrance to Volvo Construction Equipment's ConExpo-Con/Agg exhibit (F3432), through what the company has dubbed “excavator alley,” will lead to the manufacturer's largest excavator offered in North America: the 100-ton (90-tonne) EC950F crawler excavator. The reason Volvo CE is emphasizing its excavator lineup is simple, according to Ray Gallant, VP of sales support: more than half of the units sold in construction equipment are excavators. “We see a continuing good market in the next couple of years in North America,” said Gallant, during a pre-ConExpo press event in mid-January. “Traditionally, we've been strong in the small construction, compact equipment and road sectors; this [excavator] takes us into the light mining as well and expands our footprint in that part of the construction-equipment arena.”
Gehm, Ryan
Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System Using Conductive Automated Connection Devices Vehicle-Mounted Pantograph (Bus-Up)J3105/2_202001 (Current)01/20/2020
This document details one of the connections of the SAE J3105 document. The connections are referenced in the scope of the main document SAE J3105. SAE J3105/2 details the vehicle-mounted pantograph, or the bus-up connection. All the common requirements are defined in the main document; the current document provides the details of the connection. This document covers the connection interface relevant requirements for an electric vehicle power transfer system using a conductive automated charging device based on a conventional rail vehicle pantograph design. To allow interoperability for on-road vehicles (in particular, buses and coaches), one configuration is described in this document. Other configurations may be used for non-standard applications (for example, mining trucks or port vehicles).
Hybrid - EV Committee
Narrower focus, BIGGER PAYOFF19TOFHP12_0312/01/2019
Design teams are targeting focused markets for their commercial electric-vehicle programs to combat challenges like range and infrastructure. Government regulations are prompting a changeover to electric powertrains, with early growth coming in commercial vehicle applications where range and recharging are more easily managed. Greater expansion will require revisions in maintenance and broader availability of charging stations as well as improved driving ranges. Electric vehicle (EV) introductions are coming at a rapid pace, and major fleet owners like Penske and Amazon are placing significant orders. ABI Research predicts that commercial-vehicle shipments will hit 3 million units worldwide by 2024. That's a strong 28% growth rate over the next five years. Most of that expansion will come in operations with planned routes and home-base charging, according to ABI.
Costlow, Terry
Far and Away: Remote Drivers Monitor Autonomous Vehicles19AVEP11_0411/01/2019
Remote operators are helping autonomous shuttles and other AVs navigate through complex situations. Eliminating the safety “watchdogs” who typically ride in autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a big step for technologists and legislators alike. A shuttle at Texas A&M University is among the first on public streets to replace these drivers with a remote operator who monitors vehicle behavior from an operations center. Teleoperation increasingly is considered as a way to augment automated-vehicle systems when they encounter situations that are difficult to analyze. Startups such as Phantom Auto, Starsky Robotics, Veniam and Designated Driver are establishing operations centers where remote drivers constantly watch for challenges that aren't easily handled by AV algorithms. Larger players such as Valeo, Uber and General Motors also are developing teleoperation strategies.
Costlow, Terry
EDITORIAL: Word on the street at COMVEC19TOFHP10_0610/01/2019
Last month's SAE COMVEC technical conference in Indianapolis welcomed many high-level engineering leaders who spoke to show-goers about a range of important topics impacting on- and off-highway vehicles. The two main tracks at the event, Fueling the Future and Charging the Future, covered various alternative propulsion and electrification trends and technologies (see features on pages 22 and 29). And of course, automated driving systems and the best approaches to achieving highly automated vehicles were on the docket.
Gehm, Ryan
SAE Truck & Off-Highway Engineering: August 201919TOFHP0808/01/2019
Electric machines find their niche Smaller machines working in cities are particularly ripe for electrification, but most off-highway applications will retain the internal-combustion engine. Big data, big benefits Data mining helps users and equipment developers use data from on-vehicle sensors to work more efficiently. Data connectivity in harsh environments Ensuring high-speed data transmission requires OEM designers to think more about components, placement and the impact of environmental conditions early in design. Trucks with intuition Perceptive Automata partners with Volvo Trucks to demonstrate AI technology that can determine when pedestrians will cross the road. Change is afoot Cummins and its CTO help focus the 2019 SAE COMVEC on the fast-shifting technology landscape that faces both on- and off-highway sectors. Editorial AI, ADAS & AVs-oh my! Holistic hydraulic designs add more sensors, controls DSD helps 'balance the books' for buying electric truck technology JCB prepared
Lunar Surface Manipulation SystemTBMG-3491208/01/2019
NASA's Langley Research Center offers a novel lifting and precision positioning device with hybrid functional characteristics of both crane-type lifting devices and robotic manipulators. The design of the Lunar Surface Manipulation System (LSMS) allows for fine positioning with complete control over both translation and rotation of the payload. In addition, the design permits several other operations using a wide variety of special-purpose tools — such as a bucket, pallet forks, grappling devices, sensor, and visualization packages — and dexterous robotic arms that can be quickly added to the tip.
CHANGE IS AFOOT19TOFHP08_0508/01/2019
Cummins and its CTO help focus the 2019 SAE COMVEC on the fast-shifting technology landscape that faces both on- and off-highway sectors. Jennifer Rumsey has been a member of SAE International her entire career and has participated in the organization's COMVEC event as an attendee and occasional panelist for well over a decade. Now, as Vice President and Chief Technical Officer at Cummins Inc., her role in the annual affair has been elevated, providing executive leadership for this year's programming and presenting an opening-day keynote presentation, along with her Cummins colleague Rich Freeland, President and Chief Operations Officer. “This is a key period of change for our industry and this year is Cummins 100th anniversary, so it was a really good tie with COMVEC and you'll see that connected to the theme of the conference,” she said. That theme, Charging & Fueling the Next 100 Years, hints at the growing diversity of power solutions that engineers and companies working in the on
Gehm, Ryan
Trucks with INTUITION19TOFHP08_0408/01/2019
Perceptive Automata partners with Volvo Trucks to demonstrate AI technology that can determine when pedestrians will cross the road. The automotive and commercial vehicle industries are working on answers to a tremendous number of questions no one bothered to ask before. Volvo, for example, wants to know if vehicles can have human intuition. It's not as absurd a concept as it might seem, if you limit the definition of intuition to the specific question of whether a pedestrian is about to cross the street in front of an autonomous vehicle (AV). A new project by Volvo Trucks and Perceptive Automata, an artificial intelligence (AI) start-up based in Boston and Silicon Valley, is using the fact that people don't really hide this information, to build better AVs. The challenge is getting machines to recognize the all-too-human clues.
Blanco, Sebastian
Steering for Off-Road, Rubber-Tired MachinesJ1511_201907 (Current)07/29/2019
This SAE Standard applies to off-road rubber-tired machines having rated speed capability exceeding 20 km/h. Only the following machine categories in SAE J1116 are included in the scope of this document. a. Earthmoving b. Other than earthmoving: except rollers and compactors c. General purpose industrial d. Forestry e. Specialized mining machinery Applicable steering systems include the following means of providing power for steering: a. Manual steering b. Power-assisted steering c. Full-power steering This document does not imply that secondary steering is mandatory. However, if secondary steering is provided, performance and test requirements are included.
OPTC1, Personnel Protection (General)
Q&A19TOFHP06_1506/01/2019
For years Volvo Construction Equipment has operated wheel loaders via remote control in underground mining operations, first for very dedicated tasks and more recently increasing the flexibility and scope of their operation. A recent test program with mining company Boliden examined both standard WiFi and a 4G+ communication system built with the help of Ericsson, on a machine located more than 400 m (1,300 ft) below ground. Though the program was deemed a great success by both companies and considered an important step on the pathway to truly autonomous machines, they agreed that a more robust communication system was necessary. Hello 5G. Volvo CE is now trialing 5G mobile connectivity in a two-year partner program by Telia and Ericsson, this time employing a remote-controlled wheel loader, the L180H, in a 25-hectare constructionsite setting in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Calle Skillsäter, Volvo CE's technical specialist for connected machines, offers some insights on the technology, this
Gehm, Ryan
Editorial19AVEP05_0105/01/2019
AVs, data and ‘surveillance capitalism’ I finally hit my limit after seeing a Twitter post-from, almost paradoxically, a privacy engineer at Google-showing a taxi cab in Asia with a passenger-area screen announcing it was employing facial recognition “to deliver the most optimized content” to the rider. “The image data is discarded immediately,” the little tablet professed.
Visnic, Bill
A Steerable Curvature Approach for Efficient Executable Path Planning for on-Road Autonomous Vehicle2019-01-067504/02/2019
A rapid path-planning algorithm that generates drivable paths for an autonomous vehicle operating in structural road is proposed in this paper. Cubic B-spline curve is adopted to generating smooth path for continuous curvature and, more, parametric basic points of the spline is adjusted to controlling the curvature extremum for kinematic constraints on vehicle. Other than previous approaches such as inverse kinematics, model-based prediction postprocess approach or closed-loop forward simulation, using the kinematics model in each iteration of path for smoothing and controlling curvature leading to time consumption increasing, our method characterized the vehicle curvature constraint by the minimum length of segment line, which synchronously realized constraint and smooth for generating path. And Differ from the path of robot escaping from a maze, the intelligent vehicle traveling on road in structured environments needs to meet the traffic rules. Therefore, the path could be
Zeng, Dequan, Yu, Zhuoping, Xiong, Lu, Zhao, Junqiao, Zhang, Peizhi, Fu, Zhiqiang
Caterpillar Ventures invests in Fisker for electric future19TOFHP02_1102/01/2019
As automotive manufacturers compete to produce lower-cost electric vehicles (EVs) with greater ranges than ever, the off-highway construction and mining equipment industry has continued to show interest in the technologies developed for automotive use. Last year, Komatsu partnered with NVIDIA to integrate its AI (artificial intelligence) technologies for safer construction equipment. Now, Caterpillar Venture Capital, the business investment arm of Caterpillar, has invested in Fisker Inc. to further its EV technology developments into the off-highway industry. “It's not just the automotive industry that's going electric,” Henrik Fisker, Chairman and CEO of Fisker, told Truck & Off-Highway Engineering. “Caterpillar and Fisker are in two very different industries serving very different customers, but we're both interested in being part of developing the next-generation, game-changing battery technologies that may power vehicles of all varieties.”
Borst, Matthew
Volvo CE, Skanska demonstrate concept electric site19TOFHP02_0602/01/2019
Volvo Construction Equipment and Swedish construction and mining company Skanska have recorded impressive initial results from an electric quarry research project. The two companies, working in partnership with the Swedish Energy Agency and two local universities, established an electric site within Skanska's Vikan Kross Quarry, near Gothenburg in Sweden. The concept site has been using a diesel electric hybrid wheeled loader, a cable-electric crawler excavator and crushing equipment, plus eight battery-powered autonomous haulers to quarry and transport blasted rock from the quarry face. In normal operation, the site requires a 70-tonne (77-ton) crawler excavator, a diesel-driven mobile crusher, a 50-tonne (55-ton) wheeled loader and three 50-tonne capacity rigid dump trucks to move around 700 tonnes (770-tons) of blasted rock per hour within the quarry. Between them, these machines consume around 3,000 L (792 gal) of diesel in a working day.
Gilkes, Dan
Clip Fastener FittingJ1467_201808 (Current)08/24/2018
This SAE Standard covers material and dimensional requirements of steel clip fastener fittings. These fittings are intended for use in hydraulic systems on industrial equipment primarily in mining applications.
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Demolition Probe Gives Construction Workers a BreakTBMG-2870304/01/2018
Initially designed for use on the Moon, the Electro-Hydraulic Fracturing system — developed at Auburn University with NASA funding — relies upon short, high-pulse power created by ultra-high capacitors. Two electrodes featuring a high voltage difference are placed in a small amount of non-toxic liquid — an ounce of water, for example. After the proprietary probe is placed in a drilled hole within concrete or rock, a very rapid release of high-voltage electrical energy, stored in the capacitors, is discharged. The liquid provides the spark between electrodes, resulting in a high-temperature containable “plasma ball.” The ping-pong-ball-sized bead creates a shock wave with pressures that exceed the material’s compressive strength, causing a fracture.
SAE AE-7 High Temperature Components Survey, 2005AIR5709A (Current)11/30/2017
To present the results of a survey taken concerning future applications for high-temperature electronics and sensors.
AE-7B Power Management, Distribution and Storage
Investigation of the Influence of an Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension (HIS) on Steady-State Cornering2017-01-043003/28/2017
This paper introduces a vehicle model in CarSim, and replaces a portion of its standard suspension system with an HIS model built in an external software to implement co-simulations. The maneuver we employ to characterize the HIS vehicle is a constant radius method, i.e. observing the vehicle’s steering wheel angle by fixing its cornering radius and gradually increasing its longitudinal speed. The principles of the influence of HIS systems on cornering mainly focus on two factors: lateral load transfer and roll steer effect. The concept of the front lateral load transfer occupancy ratio (FLTOR) is proposed to evaluate the proportions of lateral load transfer at front and rear axles. The relationship between toe and suspension compression is dismissed firstly to demonstrate the effects of lateral load transfer and then introduced to illustrate the effects of roll motion on cornering. The simulation results demonstrate that the design parameters of HIS systems including fluid cylinders
Zhang, Bangji, Tian, Kaidong, Hu, Wen, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Nong
A New Data-Driven Design Method for Thin-Walled Vehicular Structures Under Crash Loading2017-01-146303/28/2017
A new design methodology based on data mining theory has been proposed and used in the vehicle crashworthiness design. The method allows exploring the big dataset of crash simulations to discover the underlying complicated relationships between response and design variables, and derive design rules based on the structural response to make decisions towards the component design. An S-shaped beam is used as an example to demonstrate the performance of this method. A large amount of simulations are conducted and the results form a big dataset. The dataset is then mined to build a decision tree. Based on the decision tree, the interrelationship among the geometric design variables are revealed, and then the design rules are derived to produce the design cases with good energy absorbing capacity. The accuracy of this method is verified by comparing the data mining model prediction and simulation data. The result indicates that the data mining based methodology could overcome the weakness of
Du, Xianping, Zhu, Feng, Chou, Clifford C.
Methodology for the Effective Stabilization of Tin-Oxide-Based Oxidation/Reduction CatalystsTBMG-2634902/01/2017
NASA Langley researchers, in work spanning more than a decade, have developed a portfolio of technologies for low-temperature gas catalysis. Originally developed to support space-based CO2 lasers, the technology has evolved into an array of performance capabilities and processing approaches, with potential applications ranging from indoor air filtration to automotive catalytic converters and industrial smokestack applications. The technology has been used commercially in systems that provide clean air to racecar drivers, as well as incorporated into commercially available filtration systems for diesel mining equipment. Backed with extensive research on these technologies, NASA welcomes interest in the portfolio for other commercial and industrial applications.
Addendum of Self-Aligned Ion Implant to Design and Processing of SiC High-Temperature Transistors for Durable Operation Above 400 °CTBMG-2550610/01/2016
Researchers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a revolutionary new generation of silicon carbide (SiC) integrated circuit (IC) chips, setting an unprecedented benchmark in the field of high-temperature electronics. In the past, SiC ICs could not withstand more than a few hours of 500 °C temperatures before degrading or failing. Now, Glenn has successfully fabricated prototype chips that can exceed 10,000 hours of continuous operation at 500 °C. The advanced performance stems in part from the development of Glenn’s patented iridium interfacial stack (IrIS), a bondable metallization stack that prevents diffusion of oxygen and gold into silicon carbide (SiC) integrated circuits operating above 500 °C. The enhanced reliability of these components (and the transistors and logic boards they support) will enable important improvements in the control and operation of combustion engines, well-drilling, and other harsh environment systems, thereby greatly impacting operational
A Method for Suppressing Pantograph Bounce of Trolley-Assisted Mining Dump Trucks2016-01-804809/27/2016
A method for suppressing pantograph bounce of trolley-assisted mining dump trucks is proposed and verified. Pantograph bounce is a phenomenon in which a pantograph loses contact with an overhead trolley line. Electrical components installed in the dump truck may be damaged by arcing when pantograph bounce occurs. In conventional countermeasures, road roughness is reduced by maintenance of the road surface and pantograph contact pressure is increased by additional actuators; however, pantograph bounce recurs when road and dump-truck conditions change. It is therefore important to prevent pantograph bounce even in the cases of no road maintenance and no pantograph modification. The proposed suppression method consists of two key functions: predicting pantograph bounce and preventing the front end of vehicle from sinking on the basis of the predicted pantograph bounce. The pantograph-bounceprediction function uses principal vehicle-vibration frequency to calculate the extent that
Nakamura, Akihiro, Kaneko, Satoru, Minoshima, Toshikazu, Oda, Naokazu
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