Browse Topic: Industrial vehicles and equipment

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Lifting Crane Sheave and Drum SizesJ881_202110 (Current)10/21/2021
This SAE Standard covers minimum dimensional relationship for sheaves, drums, and wire rope for mobile, construction type lift cranes.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Safety Alert Symbol for Agricultural, Construction, and Industrial EquipmentJ284_202110 (Current)10/1/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice covers the safety alert symbol intended for use on construction and industrial equipment as defined in SAE J1116 and on agricultural tractors and machinery as defined in ASABE S390.
HFTC2, Machine Displays and Symbols
Crane Boom Hoist Disengaging DeviceJ999_202109 (Current)9/20/2021
This SAE Standard applies to cranes which are equipped to adjust the boom angle by hoisting and lowering means through rope reeving.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Rope Drum Rotation Indicating DeviceJ1332_202107 (Current)7/15/2021
This SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice applies to cranes when used in lifting crane service which are equipped with rope drum rotation indicating devices.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Application Layer - Generator Sets and IndustrialJ1939/75_202107 (Historical)7/15/2021
SAE J1939-75 defines the set of data parameters (SPs) and messages (PGs) for information predominantly associated with monitoring and control generators and driven equipment in electric power generation and industrial applications. The data parameters (SPs) and messages (PGs) previously published within this document are published in SAE J1939DA. Applications using the SAE J1939-75 document must refer to SAE J1939DA for the SAE J1939 parameters and messages for monitoring and controlling the power units, e.g., engines and turbines, that power the generators and driven industrial equipment.
Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
A Recommended Method of Analytically Determining the Competence of Hydraulic Telescopic Cantilevered Crane BoomsJ1078_202001 (Historical)1/15/2020
This analysis applies to crane types as covered by ASME B30.5.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Hydraulic Directional Control Valves, 3000 psi MaximumJ748_201912 (Current)12/4/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice has been set up by Subcommittee 4 of the Off-Road Machinery Technical Committee and is primarily for directional control valves on construction and industrial machinery equipment as referenced in SAE J1116. The purpose is to establish port area to flow relationship and match valve spool eye ends in relation to rated capacity. Port connections are optional for either the 4-bolt split flange connection or the internal straight thread "O" ring connection.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
How Augmented Reality Can Modernize Aerospace And Defense ManufacturingTBMG-3568512/1/2019
You've probably heard about augmented reality (AR) in the context of consumer entertainment: video gaming, virtual tours, or interactive displays. But AR for enterprise business is here. It's no longer an emerging technology, or a novelty; businesses are using AR to overhaul processes, drive efficiencies, reduce manufacturing errors, and improve their bottom line.
SAE Truck & Off-Highway Engineering: October 201919TOFHP1010/3/2019
On the verge of the Digital Age Increasingly connected electrohydraulic systems and machine controls allow the high degree of controllability that's essential for automated operations. Miserly power systems Engineers push engine, transmission technologies to turn off fuel usage. All options on the table Powertrain developers who spoke at SAE COMVEC are leaving no stone unturned in their quest to trim emissions. Cab air quality: A critical component of operator comfort Focus on defining cab air quality, measuring it, and designing the needed performance into cabin designs and HVAC systems is intensifying. Expanding fast charging faster Tritium works to accelerate installation of DC fast-charging infrastructure to keep up with growing demand for commercial EVs. Editorial Word on the street at COMVEC Link digital suspension uses sensors, ECU to keep cabs stable Knapheide saves costs, time by moving vehicle life testing in-house Ford revisits OHV layout, big displacement for new commercial-truck V8 Design tools ensure component compatibility, create autonomous driving tests How HMI displays impact operator productivity in industrial vehicles Truck OEMs intensify focus on customer experience, telematics to keep fleets up and running Q&A CNH Industrial's Hubertus M. Mühlhäuser discusses separating its On- and Off-Highway businesses, big investment in Nikola
How HMI displays impact operator productivity in industrial vehicles19TOFHP10_1110/1/2019
The latest research indicates that well-integrated HMI (human-machine interface) systems lead to more attentive users that better retain task-related information and stay focused for longer with less reported effort. These systems also fit into the wider development trends in off-highway machines that affect operator fatigue in day-to-day tasks. Operator comfort includes more than just the cushioning in their seats; it is everything that surrounds a driver as they operate a vehicle-steering wheel height, pedal positioning, seat support, harnessing and control interface. Research from Norway and Italy as part of an overall European Union study looking into HMI in heavy machines has shown the importance of ergonomics in reducing operator fatigue. Research from Markus Wallmyr, head of UX at CrossControl and a researcher with Mälardalen University in Sweden, has demonstrated the importance of display placement in improving information detection and the effectiveness of operator aids.
Wallmyr, Markus
Industrial and Agricultural Disc WheelsJ712_201909 (Current)9/25/2019
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a selection of disc wheels for industrial and agricultural application with a maximum of interchangeability. This is accomplished by establishing five groups of disc wheels, in each of which the hub mounting elements are common. These groups are designated 4 bolt, 5 in bolt circle; 5 bolt, 4.5 in bolt circle; 5 bolt, 5.5 in bolt circle; 6 bolt, 6 in bolt circle; and 8 bolt, 8 in bolt circle. Further, this document establishes an SAE part number and the maximum rated radial load for each standard wheel. In addition, the document requires the wheel manufacturer's name or trademark to be impression stamped on the wheel with location at the discretion of the manufacturer.
MTC8, Tire and Rim
How to Choose the Right Wireless Technology for Industrial Condition MonitoringTBMG-351949/1/2019
Industries are constantly searching for new approaches to advance operational efficiency and product quality. With unplanned downtime estimated to cost manufacturers $50 billion each year, improving asset health and availability is a top priority.
Stepper Motor Drives: Factors to Help Determine Proper SelectionTBMG-348858/1/2019
Stepper motors and stepper-based linear actuators are often selected for open-loop motion control devices and equipment. These can be found in a wide range of products and systems such as laboratory equipment, medical devices, vision systems, analytical equipment, office products, aerospace, communications systems, semiconductor equipment, and light industrial equipment.
Steering for Off-Road, Rubber-Tired MachinesJ1511_201907 (Current)7/29/2019
This SAE Standard applies to off-road rubber-tired machines having rated speed capability exceeding 20 km/h. Only the following machine categories in SAE J1116 are included in the scope of this document. a. Earthmoving b. Other than earthmoving: except rollers and compactors c. General purpose industrial d. Forestry e. Specialized mining machinery Applicable steering systems include the following means of providing power for steering: a. Manual steering b. Power-assisted steering c. Full-power steering This document does not imply that secondary steering is mandatory. However, if secondary steering is provided, performance and test requirements are included.
OPTC1, Personnel Protection (General)
Aerospace Work Platforms - More than Meets the Eye19AERP06_136/1/2019
Today's work platforms are far more complex than the simple designs of the past. For maintenance personnel in the aerospace industry to do their jobs effectively, they need to be able to get physically close to the equipment they are working on. This statement sounds obvious, but in order to meet this requirement, it is very important to utilize quality work platforms. Although most people are familiar with the basic uses of work platforms, there is not always much thought given to everything that goes into their design and fabrication. In years past, simple platforms were widely used for a variety of different work applications, however, much more is demanded of them in modern facilities. These increased demands have forced the work platform fabrication industry to evolve. The design and fabrication of today's platforms require manufacturers with expertise, experience, and skill. Fabricators and designers must incorporate specialized features in many areas never before seen or even considered. Safety, configurability, mobility, material selection, worker access, and utilities are all requirements that need to be considered.
Aerospace Work Platforms — More than Meets the EyeTBMG-345456/1/2019
For maintenance personnel in the aerospace industry to do their jobs effectively, they need to be able to get physically close to the equipment they are working on. This statement sounds obvious, but in order to meet this requirement, it is very important to utilize quality work platforms. Although most people are familiar with the basic uses of work platforms, there is not always much thought given to everything that goes into their design and fabrication.
Personnel Protection for General Purpose Industrial MachinesJ98_201904 (Current)4/11/2019
OPTC1, Personnel Protection (General)
Evaluation of Navigation in Mobile Robots for Long-Term Autonomy in Automotive Manufacturing Environments2019-01-05054/2/2019
In recent times, a number of reference implementations of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and navigation techniques have been made publicly available via the ROS Community. Several implementations have transitioned to commercial products (vacuum robots, drones, warehouse robots, etc.). However, in such cases, they are specialized and optimized for their specific domains of deployment. In particular, their success criteria have been based primarily on mission completion and safety of humans around them. In this light, deployment in any new operational design domain (ODD) requires at least a careful verification of performance and often re-optimization. We seek the technological gaps that need to be addressed to ensure the mobile robots are fit for automotive manufacturing environments. Automotive final assembly environments pose significant additional challenges for mobile robot deployment. They are replete with relatively unstructured tasks with significant uncertainty, involve tasks with skills that require robots to work in collaboration with humans and are time sensitive. Currently, metrics for evaluating mobile robot functionalities have been based on accuracy, functionality and resource consumption. In addition to these, automotive assembly also requires consistency in execution times. This work evaluates the navigational capabilities of mobile robots in environments with static objects for time consistency as required by an automotive assembly process. The evaluation uses ASTM F3244-17 standard test method. It is performed on a simulated robot in Gazebo environment and Clearpath OTTO1500 robot in a laboratory environment.
Singh Gill, Jasprit, Tomaszewski, Mark, Jia, Yunyi, Pisu, Pierluigi, Krovi, Venkat N
From a Blip to a Boom19AVEP03_073/1/2019
Automotive radar rides the 77-GHz technology wave toward greater capability and vehicle safety. Since it first appeared in automobiles in the 1980s, radar has become a reliable and increasingly cost-efficient tool for detecting objects on the road and along the roadside. The technology is forecast to be in 50% of all new cars and light trucks by 2020, where it will be “fused” with other onboard sensors-cameras, lidar, ultrasound-to offer multiple layers of detection and reliability in various environments and scenarios. “Making traffic accidents a thing of the past is going to require a full ‘stack’ in the car, the brain and using sensor fusion,” stated Michael Peredo, senior solutions engineer for Velodyne LiDAR. Speaking with SAE's Autonomous Vehicle Engineering at the 2019 CES, he noted that although his company obviously focuses on lidar, radar remains a vital component of tomorrow's vehicle-sensor suite.
Blanco, Sebastian
Driverless ForkliftsTBMG-338873/1/2019
Although driverless forklifts have been around for about 30 years, it's only in the last 10 or so that they've been free to maneuver anywhere around their environment. In the early days, the machines followed a current in a wire buried in a concrete floor. There have since been a handful of different approaches, but all are variants on that theme. They went from wires in the floor to paint on the floor, to tape on the floor, to magnets in the floor, to reflectors on the walls, to QR codes on the ground, but they were all just different types of landmarks. So, the vehicles were confined to a fixed path — quite predictable, but extremely inflexible.
Volvo CE, Skanska demonstrate concept electric site19TOFHP02_062/1/2019
Volvo Construction Equipment and Swedish construction and mining company Skanska have recorded impressive initial results from an electric quarry research project. The two companies, working in partnership with the Swedish Energy Agency and two local universities, established an electric site within Skanska's Vikan Kross Quarry, near Gothenburg in Sweden. The concept site has been using a diesel electric hybrid wheeled loader, a cable-electric crawler excavator and crushing equipment, plus eight battery-powered autonomous haulers to quarry and transport blasted rock from the quarry face. In normal operation, the site requires a 70-tonne (77-ton) crawler excavator, a diesel-driven mobile crusher, a 50-tonne (55-ton) wheeled loader and three 50-tonne capacity rigid dump trucks to move around 700 tonnes (770-tons) of blasted rock per hour within the quarry. Between them, these machines consume around 3,000 L (792 gal) of diesel in a working day.
Gilkes, Dan
Advanced Connector Technologies: From Aerospace to Racecars to RobotsTBMG-337132/1/2019
Different types of motion encountered in dynamic environments require designers to specify connectors for boards, wiring, and devices that can meet significant g-forces, vibrations, and weight challenges. Advanced connectors designed to handle dynamic forces were introduced in the 1970s to meet the needs of aerospace applications. In the early 1990s, the extreme speed and vibration in Formula One, NASCAR, Indycar, and Le Mans cars inspired the development of advanced interconnection solutions for autosports.
Clip Fastener FittingJ1467_201808 (Current)8/24/2018
This SAE Standard covers material and dimensional requirements of steel clip fastener fittings. These fittings are intended for use in hydraulic systems on industrial equipment primarily in mining applications.
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Offset Compound Gear Inline Two-Speed DriveTBMG-290326/1/2018
Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a simple, lightweight, inline, two-speed drive that can be used either as an overall transmission, or as a supplemental add-on input transmission (i.e., overdrive or underdrive) for rotary wing aircraft and other applications benefiting from variable-speed transmission.
Preliminary Study of LIDAR Scanner-Based Collision Avoidance in Automated Guided Systems for Autonomous Power Equipment Products2018-01-00324/3/2018
Technology is continuously being developed to prevent self-driving vehicles from crashing. That technology could also be considered for other autonomous products. Collision avoidance in automated guided systems using a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner has been studied for application in low-speed autonomous Honda Power Equipment products, such as self-driving lawn mowers. The automotive application of a LIDAR scanner for autonomous driving is used for obstacle detection and offline local area. Such delineations do not exist in areas where power equipment is used, such as grass fields; therefore, identifying object height and distance is a relatively new area. For this study, a small LIDAR scanner with a resolution of 0.01 m and a measurement range of 0.05 to 40.00 m was used on a Honda self-driving lawn mower. The measurement distance data was directly processed in the scanner, enabling the drive unit to obtain distance information during actual operation. Based on real-time data, collision avoidance and automated operation guidance could be achieved. Simplified object detection and an automated guided decision-making system were developed. System parameters were considered to optimize collision avoidance and the structure of the automated guided system. Field testing was performed at a dedicated test field facility, and the test condition was determined. Fences, tall grass, and ground levels were successfully classified during testing operation. Collision avoidance, running, and stop modes were identified by onboard LIDAR scan data. Based on the field test analysis, a developed autonomous system structure is suitable for lawn, snow, and future power equipment applications.
Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Wians, Jeff
Transient Analysis of Natural Convection around a Pair of Circular Cylinders inside a Square Enclosure2018-01-07764/3/2018
Heat exchangers are widely used in various transportation, industrial, or domestic applications such as thermal power plants, means of heating, transporting and air conditioning systems, electronic equipment and space vehicles. In all these applications improvements in the efficiency of the heat exchangers can lead to substantial cost, space and material savings. Hence considerable research work has been done in the past to seek effective ways to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. In this paper the effect of natural convection is justified between exterior solid wall surfaces and the surrounding air inside the enclosure. Designing of electronic devices, heavy industrial equipments such as boilers, turbines etc. and building aerodynamics are some of the real world application associated with this study. The referred investigation includes the phenomenon of natural convection process to analyses the pattern of heat transfer characteristics inside a square enclosure with two circular cylinders placed at different position inside it. Maximum heat exchange zones are identified so that goal of effective heat transfer can be achieved which helps the heat exchangers to work efficiently at every condition. However, in the present work only unsteady state natural convection technique has been considered. The study of unsteady state natural convection in a square enclosure with conjugate boundary condition is done numerically. The analysis is performed on a square enclosure within which are placed two circular cylinders eccentrically. The enclosure walls are maintained at low temperature to that of cylinders such that a temperature difference is maintained between both the bodies. The cylinders are tilted at different angles inside the enclosure. A transient state 2-D numerical investigation is conveyed for air as an enclosed fluid. The Rayleigh number is varied in the range of 103 to 106 and the results are summarized in a relative manner. The value of Prandtl number is kept constant i.e. 0.71 corresponding to that of the air. The effect of orientation of the two cylinders and the outcome of the variation of Rayleigh number is calculated with the help of corresponding streamlines, and temperature distribution.
Tomar, Mukul, Kumar, Naveen, Malhotra, Aahan
Combined Drag and Cooling Optimization of a Car Vehicle with an Adjoint-Based Approach2018-01-07214/3/2018
The main objective of this work is to present an adjoint-based methodology to address combined optimization of drag force and cooling flow rate of an industrial vehicle. In order to cope with cooling effect, the volumetric flow rate is treated through a newly introduced cost function and the corresponding adjoint source term is derived. Also an alternative strategy is presented to tackle aerodynamic vehicle design improvement that relies on a so-called indirect force computation. The overall optimization is treated as a Multi-Objective problem and an original approach, called Optimize Both Favor One (OBFO), is introduced that allows selective emphasis on one or another objective without resorting to artificial cost function balancing. Finally, comparative results are presented to demonstrate the merit of the proposed methodology.
Pierrot, Guillaume, Papper, Jacques, Han, Taeyoung, Kaushik, Shailendra
Industrial Rotary Encoders: Selecting the Right Device for Your ApplicationTBMG-288114/1/2018
Rotary encoders play important roles in motion control and industrial automation systems, providing control systems with information about the motion of motor shafts, pulleys, robot arms, etc. There are many variants available — some familiar and some highly innovative.
NASA's Autonomous Robot Keeps Manufacturing Floors SafeTBMG-288144/1/2018
A600-pound spider-like robot, called Spidernaut, was part of a prototype robot team built in 2005 to assemble a solar array on the Moon. The goal was not only to have robots do the manual labor, but for them to work cooperatively without human direction.
High-Speed, High-Resolution Multimode Sensing of Structural Strain and ShapeTBMG-287114/1/2018
Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) have been developing a fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) that represents a major breakthrough in operational monitoring of myriad structures. FOSS consists of eight 40-foot optical fibers, each containing 2,000 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors along its entire length. These fibers are attached to the surface of, or even embedded within a structure. As the structure experiences stress or pressure, the FBG sensors respond to the strain. FOSS uses this response to calculate a variety of critical parameters, including strain, shape deformation, temperature, liquid level, strength, and operational loads.
Safety Signs for Off-Road Work MachinesJ115_201803 (Historical)3/23/2018
SAE J115 specifies the relevant ISO standards for application to safety signs for use on off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116.
HFTC2, Machine Displays and Symbols
Measurement of Vehicle and Suspension Parameters for Directional Control StudiesJ1574/1_201801 (Current)1/2/2018
The parameters measured according to this SAE Recommended Practice will generally be used in simulating directional control performance in the linear range. (The “linear range” is the steady-state lateral acceleration below which steering wheel angle can generally be considered to be linearly related to lateral acceleration.) But they may be used for certain other simulations (such as primary ride motions), vehicle and suspension characterization and comparison, suspension development and optimization, and processing of road test data. This document is intended to apply to passenger cars, light trucks, and on-highway recreational and commercial vehicles, both non-articulated and articulated. Measurement techniques are intended to apply to these vehicles, with alterations primarily in the scale of facilities required. But some differences do exist between passenger cars and trucks, especially heavy trucks, such as differences in body/frame flexibility, suspension stiffness, and suspension friction. These will be addressed in this document or SAE J1574-2, where appropriate.
Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Software Improves Ability of Robots to Communicate with HumansTBMG-281551/1/2018
A software system was developed that helps robots more effectively act on spoken instructions — no matter how abstract or specific those instructions may be — from people who by nature give commands that range from simple and straightforward, to those that are more complex and imply a myriad of subtasks.
Electrified forklifts go big17TOFHP12_0412/1/2017
Hoist Liftruck brings full electrification to some of the biggest forklift trucks, motivated only in part by regulatory pressures. Early in 2018, Hoist Liftruck Manufacturing will begin delivery of what it terms the “Next Generation of Hoist Electric Vehicles.” These include its TE-Series, PE-Series, Neptune Electric Series and FR-E Series, all battery-electric versions of existing diesel-powered forklift and terminal trucks. While electrified forklift trucks have always been more than a fad, this latest development by the company is interesting because of the mix of motivations. They meet new regulations while growing more cost-effective for higher-end applications. “We are especially excited about rolling out the PE-Series,” said Stu Jacover, Vice President, Strategy and Development for Hoist Liftruck. The P and PE series use pneumatic tires. The heaviest lift in the P-Series lifts up to 125,000 lb (56,700 kg). The heaviest PE-Series battery-electric lift hauls up to 36,000 lb (16,330 kg), often used in port, lumber and oil and gas applications. The PE-Series will meet the Zero Emissions regulations that certain ports have mandated to be phased in by 2020, notably the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.
Morey, Bruce
Pick-and-Place System Delivers Improved Productivity and SafetyTBMG-2794112/1/2017
Deciding between a gantry and a robot for your application isn’t always as clear-cut as it may seem. To automate a simple, yet time-consuming and potentially dangerous task in its factory, a company that makes particleboards weighed the benefits of using a gantry system against a robot system.
SAE Truck & Off-Highway Engineering: December 201717TOFHP1212/1/2017
Meeting truck autonomy hurdles head-on Combining sensors, inter-vehicle communications and controllers poses major challenges in the effort to bring greater levels of automation to commercial trucking. Simulation key to additive manufacturing analysis Advanced simulation tools help to optimize 3D printing processes before physical build. Making the case for battery-electric fleet power Battery systems edge closer to a tipping point as commercial and heavy-duty fleets broaden their application. Electrified forklifts go big Hoist Liftruck brings full electrification to some of the biggest forklift trucks, motivated only in part by regulatory pressures. Editorial Managing heat with 'cool' tech Navistar, VW pursue common electric powertrain, global connectivity platform ZED Connect brings mobile-based ELD to improve safety and service IAV brings variable valvetrains to heavy duty Assessing a vehicle's cooling system performance Kohler engineers new 5400 engines for lower NVH, easier start-ups Case IH Quadtrac CVX the first 4WD articulated tractor to offer a CVT Mack hits the highway with style and technology Tenneco's CTO Dr. Ben Patel discusses active and passive thermal management strategies for NOx reduction and fuel economy gains
Pallet Lift Truck and Container Fork Pocket InterfaceAS5389 (Current)11/5/2017
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) details the design of fork pockets on containers and equipment for use with pallet lift trucks and forklift trucks.
AGE-4 Packaging, Handling and Transportability Committee
Rating Lift Cranes on Fixed Platforms Operating in the Ocean EnvironmentJ1238_201710 (Current)10/10/2017
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is limited to cranes mounted on a fixed platform lifting loads from a vessel alongside. The size of the vessel is assumed not to exceed that of a work boat as defined in 3.14.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Rating Lift Cranes Operating on Platforms in the Ocean EnvironmentJ1366_201710 (Current)10/10/2017
The scope of this SAE Information Report is limited to a lift crane mounted on a fixed or floating platform, lifting loads from a vessel alongside. The size of the vessel is assumed not to exceed that of a workboat as defined in 3.15.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Crane BoomstopJ220_201710 (Current)10/9/2017
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to the boomstop for the main boom of all mobile construction type cranes having rope supported booms, equipped for hook work, clamshell, magnet, grapple, or concrete bucket attachments.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Networking the IoT with IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPANTBMG-275109/1/2017
The Industrial Internet of Things is predicated on large-scale, distributed sensor/control networks that can run unattended for months to years with very low power consumption. The characteristic behavior of this type of network entails very short bursts of message traffic over short distances using wireless technologies, often described as a low-rate, wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN). We keep the data frames short to lessen the possibility of radio interference forcing the need to retransmit. One such LR-WPAN approach uses the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This describes a physical layer and media access control that are often used in the industrial control and automation applications referred to as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA).
Micromachined Sensors Monitor Train Rails and Predict FailuresTBMG-272828/1/2017
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Crane Load Stability Test CodeJ765_201706 (Current)6/7/2017
This SAE Standard may be used for all revolving cranes wherein the capacity of the crane to support loads is based on its resistance to overturning. It is not applicable to cranes wherein the capacity of the crane is based on factors other than stability.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Residual Clamping Force Estimation and Lifetime Prediction to Loosening Failure of Bolted Joints2017-01-04793/28/2017
This investigation describes a method for estimating the absolute lock effect in bolted joint. Observation results of loosening phenomenon in industrial vehicle are analyzed for the linear relation by the proposed regression formula. Based on the relation, in early stages of the development test, the rate of clamping force decrease can be estimated accurately after prolonged operation by measuring the clamping force behavior. The tendency to decrease is observed about the depression type and working load type loosening. For evaluation design bases, the residual clamping force estimation chart is established. The L-N (Loosening Lifetime - Number of Cycles to Loosening N) diagram is proposed for the loosening lifetime prediction for working load type loosening also. Using the loosening damage (cumulative decrease of clamping force) and L-N diagram, the lifetime to loosening failure can be predicted accurately for the locking device and method as an absolute evaluation.
Hareyama, Soichi, Manabe, Ken-ichi, Nakashima, Makoto, Shimodaira, Takayuki, Hoshi, Akio
New Approach of Tools Application for Systems Engineering in Automotive Software Development2017-01-16013/28/2017
This paper outlines the modeling process in SysML (Systems Modeling Language) in context of MBSE (Model Based Software Engineering) as well as the MBD (Model-Based Design) in Simulink and we compare the models to get useful information into software. For this goal, we propose the use of an RM/SM tool (Requirements Management and Systems Modeling) (3SL Cradle) and Matlab/Simulink to model the system, do the system validations, and finally embed the generated code. For automotive systems, the development process is visualized through the V-Model, which leads to the right choice of components, the integration of the system and the project realization. The first step in V-Model handles the requirements management for the development, i.e., the requirements for a project will be collected in respect to the stakeholder’s needs and system limitations. Then, the next steps consist of modeling the system based on its requirements, going through simulation, system validation through Model-In-the-Loop (MIL), Software-In-the-Loop (SIL), Processor-In-the-Loop (PIL), and Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) tests. For this paper, the chosen modeling language was SysML for the MBSE point of view because it aims to standardize Modeling Design, by unifying diverse modeling languages used by engineers. This language also supports specification, analysis, design, verification, and validation of systems. To get executable models, we use Matlab/Simulink models that are largely used by the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to develop new products. Our approach addresses the V-Model through SysML and MBD in Matlab/Simulink towards software validation. To achieve that, we use the commercial RM/SM tool that is used to collect stakeholder’s and system requirements. It provides a SysML design section as well where SysML models can be developed according to project requirements. One of the objectives in using the commercial tool is that it will be possible to analyze the transition from models in RM/SM tools to models for simulation, such as Simulink and offer a new possibility for OEM’s and suppliers to abstract system models into executable models. The main contribution of this paper is that the automotive software development process is showed from its concept to its realization in real systems.
Santos, Max Mauro, Mendes, Celso, Banik, Taysa, Franco, Felipe, Neme, João, Prado, Wanderley, Cerri, Fernando, Nunes, Lauro
SAE Standards for Use in the Design of Aerospace Vehicular Ground EquipmentARP1287B (Current)2/28/2017
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is applicable to any type of aerospace ground support vehicle, powered or unpowered.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
The Basics of Encoder SelectionTBMG-264312/1/2017
Many small motor applications, such as robotics, industrial equipment, and consumer products, employ digital incremental encoders for feedback sensing. Encoder selection is therefore an important part of the system design process. Choosing the best encoder for the job requires knowledge of the most important encoder properties as well as the application’s control requirements.
AerofoamTBMG-2601612/1/2016
Aerofoam is a unique foam composite insulation with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties. The novelty of this invention comes from combining a polymer foam with a unique inorganic filler in a way that maximizes thermal performance while maintaining mechanical performance, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and acoustic insulation capabilities. The development of new manufacturing processes has also allowed for the development of these unique composite materials.
Copper-Free NAO Brake Pad Formulation with Improved Electrostatic Paintability Based on Conductive Carbon Powders2016-01-19169/18/2016
A wide range of different carbon powders is available and currently used in friction materials like coke, graphite and carbon black. The effect of the type of carbon on braking performance has been extensively investigated in the past and it has been demonstrated that graphite can play an important role in copper-free brake pads. However, there are no studies about the influence of carbon powders on the processability of brake pads. Brake pads need to be painted in order to avoid corrosion. Typically electrostatic painting is used on an industrial scale, which requires the brake pads to be conductive. NAO brake pads (and especially Cu-free NAO brake pads) are rather insulating, and therefore difficult to paint. In this presentation we’ll show how special carbon powders can increase the electrical conductivity and therefore allow easy painting of brake pads. Based on these investigations, a new copper-free NAO formulation has been developed. This new formulation shows good performance and can be produced without adapting the existing production equipment, and is therefore ready to be used for mass production. Overall, our results indicate that the type of carbon powder used in brake pads has strong influence not only on brake performance but also on the processability of brake pads. In particular, the use of special carbon powders allows easy painting of brake pads for high performing Cu-free NAO brake pad formulations.
Gilardi, Raffaele, Sarocchi, Davide, Bounous, Loredana
Safety Alert Symbol for Agricultural, Construction, and Industrial EquipmentJ284_201608 (Historical)8/2/2016
This SAE Recommended Practice covers the safety alert symbol intended for use on construction and industrial equipment as defined in SAE J1116 and on agricultural tractors and machinery as defined in ASABE S390.
HFTC2, Machine Displays and Symbols
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