Browse Topic: High-speed rail systems

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Streamlined Tails - The Effects of Truncation on Aerodynamic Drag2020-01-067304/14/2020
Significant aerodynamic drag reduction is obtained on a bluff body by tapering the rear body. In the 1930’s it was found that a practical low drag car body could be achieved by cutting off the tail of a streamlined shape. The rear end of a car with a truncated tail is commonly referred to as a Kamm back. It has often been interpreted as implying that the drag of this type of body is almost the same as that for a fully streamlined shape. From a review of the limited research into truncated streamlined tails it is shown in this paper that, while true for some near axisymmetric bodies, it is not the case for many more car-like shapes. For these shapes the drag reduction from an elongated tail varies almost linearly with the reduction in cross section area. A CFD simulation to determine the drag reduction from a truncated streamlined tail of variable length on the simple Windsor Body is shown by way of confirmation.
Howell, Jeff, Rajaratnam, Eleanor, Passmore, Martin
A New Network Design for the “Internet from Space”20AERP02_0602/01/2020
Satellites do not yet play a major role in the world's Internet infrastructure; however, this may soon change. Within the next decade, a new generation of satellites could lay the foundations for an “Internet from space,” according to Ankit Singla, a professor at ETH Zurich's Network Design & Architecture Lab. His team is investigating how to improve the performance of large-scale computer networks including the Internet. Exploiting advances in cost-cutting technologies in the space sector, the new satellite systems would use thousands of satellites instead of the tens of satellites used in past systems. These satellites could then be linked to each other via laser light to form a network. The coverage provided by these satellites would reach remote regions that currently have no or very limited access to the Internet, since they are not connected or are only poorly connected to the intercontinental fiber optic cables that power today's Internet.
A New Network Design for the “Internet from Space”TBMG-3606602/01/2020
Satellites do not yet play a major role in the world’s Internet infrastructure; however, this may soon change. Within the next decade, a new generation of satellites could lay the foundations for an “Internet from space,” according to Ankit Singla, a professor at ETH Zurich’s Network Design & Architecture Lab. His team is investigating how to improve the performance of large-scale computer networks including the Internet.
“Light-Written” Photonic Memory DevicesTBMG-3391103/01/2019
Light is the most energy-efficient way to move information; however, light shows one big limitation: it is difficult to store. Data centers, for example, rely primarily on magnetic hard drives in which information is transferred at an energy cost that is increasing. A hybrid technology was developed that shows advantages of both light and magnetic hard drives.
Correlation Model of Subjective and Objective Evaluation Based on Grey GM(0,N) for Automobile Sound Quality02-11-02-000804/18/2018
Correlation analysis of subjective and objective evaluation for automobile sound quality is an important topic in automobile technology fields. In view of the deficiency of multi-dimensional linear regression analysis and the theoretical merits of grey system method, grey comprehensive relational degree was calculated to analyze the contribution of objective evaluation data to subjective evaluation. The main objective variables affecting the subjective feeling were determined. The variables include loudness, sharpness and shaking degrees. Grey GM(0,4) model was established as a quantitative expression for describing the subjective and objective evaluation correlation. The results of residual test and posterior-variance-test show that the established model was accurate and the model can be used to analyze and predict subjective and objective evaluation data of automobile sound quality.
Zhao, Zhendong
Biomimetics: nature leads the way on design16MEIP06_1806/01/2016
That bird flight inspired Leonardo da Vinci to conceptualize “flying machines,” only to be developed centuries later by the Wright brothers by observing pigeons in flight, is quite well known. Such imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex problems, otherwise known as biomimetics or biomimicry, is not new. Mother Nature is a great engineer that over the years has fascinated engineers and scientists alike, who have borrowed and applied its time-tested patterns and strategies. Technological advancements and continuous endeavors to push the limits of engineering have led to transformational innovations, as can be seen in some of the recent trends to catch up with nature's best assets. Velcro is perhaps the best known and commercially successful example of a nature-inspired design. After a hunting trip in the Alps in 1941, Swiss engineer Mestral's socks and dog were covered in burdock burrs. Intrigued by it, Mestral studied them under a
Interior Noise Design of a Light Rail Vehicle Using Statistical Energy Analysis2015-01-230006/15/2015
This paper addresses the NVH design of a light rail vehicle whose maximum allowable interior SPL levels at certain speeds are regulated and may vary between countries, states, and cities. The objective of this study was to predict sound pressure levels (SPL) at several interior locations across a wide range of frequencies and estimate if the current design configuration will meet the noise level limits. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) was used to predict interior SPL and to understand and rank the various noise contribution paths and give a better understanding of the physics of transmission and what types of design changes are most effective to reduce the overall interior SPL to meet targets. A typical light rail vehicle is composed of a frame-like structure covered by lightweight panels and with interior panels that are increasingly made from composites, sandwich, laminated, or honeycomb materials or extruded panels. These lightweight structures made from materials that have
Fiedler, Robert, Musser, Chadwyck, Cuchý, Petr
Characterisation of the Brake Pads Used in High-Speed Trains2013-01-202809/30/2013
It is essential to characterize the frictional properties of brake pads used in high-speed trains during the processes of development and manufacturing of the pads. This paper presents the test results of new developed composite and powder metallurgical brake pads at different sliding speeds and contact pressures with specially designed test rig. Test results show that the coefficient of friction was increased with the increasing of sliding speed up to 120km/h, but over 120km/h it was decreased with the increasing of sliding speed for the composite brake pads. For the powder metallurgical brake pads, sliding speeds had no significant effect on the friction coefficients of the brake pads. Contact pressure had significant effect on the friction coefficient of brake pads for both materials. Water on the braking contact surfaces had significant effect on the friction coefficient of powder metallurgical brake pads. Temperature had significant effect on the friction coefficient of the powder
Wang, Shuwen, Zhang, Jing-Ming, Yang, Zhenning, Chen, Kang
Design Driven Innovation and Cross-Pollination2013-01-230809/17/2013
Design Studios can work in collaboration with multidisciplinary partners throughout the whole product development process offering a unique approach for creating new products through visual integration and “cross pollination” processes. The process ranges from identifying and structuring requirements to conceptualizing and developing solutions for production. In the past three years a Lisbon based design studio has been involved in three R&D projects named “the trilogy of innovation”. The goal of the projects was to bridge competencies, experiences and synergies from companies in different transport sectors - automotive, railway and aeronautic - to develop lightweight, integrated and eco-efficient solutions focusing on the passenger experience. To tackle these challenges Project IBUS, Project ISEAT and Project LIFE required design to drive innovation through “cross-pollination” processes.
Marcelino, José Rui, castro, André
Brazilian Freight Rail Sector - An Overview of Experiences and Perspectives of Concession Model2012-36-021310/02/2012
Brazilian Freight Rail Sector emerged in the end of 19th century, when the first railways were constructed, under the first known grant system in the country. Later, in the beginning of 20th century, rail system was expanded to support the increasing economical activity related to the agroexportation business, specially coffee crops. This not planned process resulted in a non-integrated network that has undermined the economical feasibility of rail system and bankruptcy of some rail companies. This culminated with the nationalization of 42 private railways into a national company named Rede Ferroviária Federal SA - RFFSA, in 1957, with the objective to recover and improve freight transport to support activities associated to some industrial process, basically mining and related activities and, later, agricultural production for exportation (grains). During eighties, however, economical crisis and the consequent lack of public investments challenged the operational capacity of RFFSA
Barbosa, Fabio Coelho, Mafra dos Reis, Jean, Mendes de Souza, Alexandre Porto, Rodrigues, Antonio Sergio
SAE Off-Highway Engineering 2009-06-01OFHJUN0906/01/2009
The diesel engine diet Researchers correlate engine performance and durability with the properties of alternative fuels that consist of vegetable oils and animal fats. Looking at a safer future Software, other sensors will augment cameras as safety's role in the off-highway industry takes an upward spiral. Plastics expand their range From high-speed train exterior panels to powertrain components, plastics and composite materials are finding their way into more off-highway applications.
Superbus: A Novel Concept for Safe, Fast and Sustainable Mobility2009-01-059704/20/2009
Sustainable mobility in all its aspects is the philosophy of the Superbus (Fig 1), which is a new concept for public transport that consists of a new vehicle, new infrastructure and new logistics. The Superbusproject is a project started by the chair AeroSpace for Sustainable Engineering and Technology (ASSET) of the Delft University of Technology (Tu Delft) in the Netherlands. The project is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Transport and Water Management and other sponsors with the aim to prove the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable mobility does not only relate to the environmental impact (global warming, CO2 and NOx emissions, etc), but also to the use of infrastructure and the impact of infrastructure on the environment, the safety of passengers and pedestrians, and the effective utilization of he system through its logistics. With the aim to account for all such aspects, the Superbus is non-polluting as it uses four electric motors power by a battery pack; it is lightweight
Terzi, Antonia, Melkert, Joris, Ockels, Wubbo
Noise Source Imaging by Beamforming2008-36-051803/30/2008
Beamforming using phased arrays of microphones is a popular technique for noise source imaging in certain applications in aerospace. Scale models tests of airframe noise, for example use the method extensively because the acoustic source distribution is complicated and matches the assumptions of the algorithm. Beamforming can be done in the frequency domain or the time domain. The time domain version adapts easily to moving sources including aircraft flyover and ground vehicle pass-by tests. Frequency domain formulations have been extended to in many ways. Recent versions improve resolution by deconvolution and treat extended, coherent sources seen, for example, in aircraft engine tests.
Dougherty, Robert Patrick
A Light Rail Metro for the City of Edinburgh2002-01-225007/09/2002
Edinburgh is one of the fastest growing and most prosperous cities in the United Kingdom. This success has brought with it the problems of traffic congestion and pollution. The Edinburgh Metro would use the city's disused railway heritage combined with modern light rail technology to provide a popular and sustainable transport system. When this proposal was originally submitted in 1999, it seemed a worthwhile but distant possibility. However, in October 2001 and March 2002, the Scottish Executive announced preliminary funding packages that mean that significant progress is now likely. The planned system could be operating by 2009.
Low, David J.
Design of Network Based On-Board Computer System2001-01-325810/01/2001
Currently KERI is participating a project whose goal is to develop the Korean High Speed Train(KHST) with maximum speed of 350kph. KERI's responsibility is the electrical system engineering that includes engineering design of an on-board computer system for diagnosis and control of trainset and electrical/mechanical devices. A system engineering approach of the design is performed in order to guarantee the passenger safety and economically viable train for construction, operation and maintenance. This paper presents the engineering design and test of on-board computer system that ensures the safety and reliability of KHST. The design is focused at Train Communication Network(TCN) interfaced distributed processing system.
Lee, J-H, Cho, C-H, Lee, J-D, Park, D-Y, Kim, Y-J
Reliability Verification of Computer Based Control and Diagnosis Algorithm2001-01-332210/01/2001
From December of 1996, KERI is participating a project whose goal is to develop the Korean High Speed Train(KHST) with maximum speed of 350kph. KERI's responsibility is the electrical system engineering that includes engineering design of an on-board computer system for diagnosis and control of train set and electrical/mechanical devices. A system engineering approach of the design is performed in order to guarantee safety and reliability. This paper presents the simulation of on-board computer system's control and diagnosis algorithm using CASE tool. The simulation is focused on reliability verification of control and diagnosis algorithm for KHST prototype trainset's on-board computer system.
Lee, J-H, Jeon, J-W, Jeong, P-G, Park, D-Y, Kim, Y-J
Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Composite for Brake Discs2000-01-276110/01/2000
From the family of CMC's a short fibre reinforced SiC-material (C/SiC) has been developed for lightweight brake discs with high thermal load and long life time. The patented material combines good physical, mechanical and friction properties, such as corrosion resistance, low CTE and Young's Modulus, high abrasion and temperature resistance and high and constant friction characteristics in wet, cold and hot conditions. First applications in sports cars and high-speed trains have been realized. The paper shows the way of production with a high potential for serial applications and the comparison of properties between brake rotor material like grey iron, Alu-MMC, Carbon/Carbon and C/SiC. The history of the development of the first life time brake disc for the new Porsche 911 Turbo is given as well as further projects for high speed luxury cars and high speed trains like ICE and TGV. Friction properties in combination with a selection of brake pad materials like organic, sinter and semi
Krupka, Mario, Kienzle, Andreas
The French High Speed Train (TGV) Pantograph's Aeroacoustics97191805/20/1997
After 300 kph the aerodynamics noise emitted by the French High Speed Train T.G.V. (Train Grande Vitesse) becomes preponderant. The pantograph and roof environment located in the top of the rear power car are one of the sources which participate in the overall noise of the train. Investigations in an anechoi'c wind tunnel are performed firstly with a real pantograph, secondly with a fine 117 scale power car model. After a trainborne Velocimetry Laser Doppler campaign, the real turbulent boundary layer is simulated in the wind tunnel. The decreasing of the radiated noise level is obtained by modifying the geometry of both the pantograph and the roof and by adding devices on the pantograph itself. These results suggest that close attention needs to be paid to the roof geometry.
Fages, A., Bertrand, C.
Re-Examination of High Speed Transportation Impact on Economic Development95192508/01/1995
In today's rapidly evolving information age society, advancements in transportation and communications are poised to create North America's first inter-active megalopolis, where citizens and businesses will not be bound by the limited confines of the metropolitan form. This progression will only be realized with the development of High Speed Transportation (HST). If our community can correctly anticipate this change, the financial outlook for these investments will be much improved. The improvement may be so significant that needed government contributions will be substantially lowered or perhaps even eliminated. To envision this possibility, conventional demand modeling should be supplemented by another analytical tool that evaluates the value of increased accessibility.
Zavergiu, Richard M.
A Vehicle Mass Transit System for Greatly Improved Mobility Using the Existing Infrastructure95189008/01/1995
This paper presents a mass transit concept based around our current road infrastructure. It discusses the design features and configuration necessary to satisfy the demands of our modem society. The systems costs, features, and capacity are discussed and presented relative to the Los Angeles, California area. The benefits to our society are clearly pointed out.
Frank, Andrew A.
Superconducting Maglev and its Electromagnetic Characteristics95192208/01/1995
A new test line of superconducting maglev is under construction, reflecting the results of Miyazaki test line. The null flux levitation system arranging 8-figured levitation coils on the sidewall is installed about 2km long in the middle part of the 7km guideway. The characteristics of the levitation, guidance and propulsion system have been tested with the test vehicle MLU002N. The results agreed well with analytical ones. As levitation and guidance forces were larger than those of normal flux system, lower take-off speed was attained on this section. The new test line of 42.8km long adopts this null flux system, implementing those results. Vehicle and coils to be tested on the new test line are summarized as far as they are related to electromagnetic characteristics are concerned.
Fujiwara, Shunsuke
Energy Conservation in Snow-Melting System on Railway Tracks Using Feed Forward Control92926708/03/1992
The Joetsu Shinkansen line (super express railway), which runs through a heavy snowfall district, is installed with snow-melting systems whose function is to melt snow deposit on the track by sprinkling heated water over a total distance of 74km. Because of its long water path in these systems, delivery and return of the water takes a very long time, resulting in a time lag of the feedback control. In order to lessen this time lag, a control system using a feed forward algorithm has been developed and a system operation test has been carried out. It is found to be very promising as a snow-melting device from a view point of energy saving.
Sawase, Kazuhisa, Kurosaki, Yasuo, Isshiki, Naotsugu, Shimizu, Takashi
Guideway Bus in Practical Use - Seeking for a Pleasant Car Society92156208/01/1992
Japan is the largest automobile producing nation in the world, and its automobile holding has been ranked at the second place, next to the United States (U.S.). The automotive vehicle population has dramatically increased, and it has created overcrowded-situations in urban areas. An increased number of highways has somewhat improved the traffic conditions. However, a deterioration of transportation efficiency has caused poor fuel economy and air quality and it has caused serious concern for the human life in Japanese cities from the perspectives of energy conservation and environmental safety. The Guideway Bus System has been developed as an alternative transportation system to solve the Japanese urban traffic problem. The system reduces the number of cars in the city and retains the convenience of bus transportation systems currently being used in most cities in Japan. The guideway bus system uses a hybrid powerplant consisting of a diesel engine and an electric motor. The system is
Ariga, Hajime
Maglev System Design Considerations91162408/01/1991
The characteristics of maglev systems being considered for implementation in the United States are speculative. A conference was held at Argonne National Laboratory on November 28-29, 1990, to discuss these characteristics and their implications for the design requirements of operational systems. This paper reviews some of the factors considered during that conference.
Coffey, Howard T.
Test Demonstration of HSST-100 Maglev Train91162308/01/1991
This is an assessment of Japanese High Speed Surface Transport (HSST) policy, vision, goals, and magnetic levitation development and commercialization strategy. It includes a status report for a test program now underway to demonstrate the safety, reliability and economic viability of the HSST-100 maglev train system. HSST-100 is one of three types of HSST maglev trains planned for implementation in Japan: HSST-100 for 100 km/h urban service, HSST-200 for 200 km/h medium range suburban service, and HSST 300 for the 300 km/h long range interurban application. For the HSST-100 program, included are detailed specifications for the vehicle, location of the Chubu (Central Japan) test site South of Nagoya, test site guideway specifications, guideway switching concept, test site facility description, major test activities, and test event schedule. However, the scope of this paper is limited to describing and illustrating the status of the preceding topics, and does not include test results
Wyczalek, Floyd A., Ohishi, Akira
An Opportunity for High Speed Rail in Canada89170108/01/1989
This paper examines the efficiency of a high speed rail system relative to the air system over distances where rail offers a competitive transit time. As an example we consider the corridor between Toronto and Montreal. The basic result is that high speed rail is the low cost technology over relatively low demand levels. The profitability of a HSR investment is evaluated using the criterion of Net Present Value. Given the structure of our analysis, the Net Present Value is very sensitive to the revenue assumption. This suggests a role for public sector financial involvement.
Hurley, W. J., Jones, J., Wood, G.
Highlights of UMTA's Rail Program75044102/01/1975
This paper highlights the role rail research programs of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). Included are descriptions of several recently developed commuter transit cars-the state-of-the-Art Car, The Advanced Concept Train and dual-powered, gas turbine/electric cars. Also discussed are efforts by UMTA in developing test facilities for urban rail vehieles and in furthering research in tunneling technology and noise abatement.
Silien, Joseph S.
Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Progress75044402/01/1975
This paper describes the content, objectives, and status of the U.S. Dept. of Transportation's Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program (URRVS). The URRVS Program includes the following separate but interrelated programs: 1. BART Monitor. 2. State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC). 3. Advanced Concept Train (ACT-1). 4. Advanced Subsystems Development Program (ASDP). 5. Advanced Concept Train Future Planning (ACT-3).
Hervey, David E.
The Impact of New Transportation on Future Living Patterns71005402/01/1971
New transportation systems will affect living patterns in the future. Past experience indicates three principles: The availability of new transportation facilities generates new travel; commuting time has remained constant while commuting distances have steadily lengthened; population and industry locate where transportation is available. Examples substantiate each principle. Government policy has replaced terrain and geography in determining the location of transportation facilities. The implementation of multi-modal planning is necessary. Changes in all modes of transportation will occur.
Ward, Edward J.
THE FUTURE OF STOL71046402/01/1971
The pace of a complete STOL System implementation may well be determined by the amount and character of Federal Government involvement. If the Federal Government does become the prime motivator of a national STOL program, then agencies with established aircraft, airport and airways R&D activities, especially the Department of Transportation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Defense, should be expected to be the cutting edge of this STOL development. Therefore, the role the agencies now see for themselves becomes vitally important to anyone trying to define a STOL development timetable. This paper discusses individual DOT, NASA and DOD STOL roles and missions including the supporting rationale, that will allow the agencies to collectively address STOL systems implementation and create an environment in which the free enterprise system can assume its rightful role and provide a profitable, safe, environmentally satisfactory new air transportation
FitzSimmons, Richard D., Thurman, William E.
Independently Rotating Wheels for High Speed Trains70084110/05/1970
The results of an analysis of the dynamics of individually rotating wheel systems for use on high speed rail vehicles are presented in this paper. The objective of the system is to remove the hunting stability problems of conventional rail-wheel systems and thus improve ride comfort and safety. The analysis indicates that the use of independently rotating wheel systems eliminates the standard hunting instability, but it introduces a lightly damped but stable oscillation of its own. However, by increasing the yaw stiffness between the wheels and the vehicle body the frequency of this oscillation can be moved beyond the low point in the human vibration tolerance limit. When this is done the ride response is improved over that for an integral wheel system.
Kaplan, A., Hasselman, T. K., Short, S. A.
Busways – Rapid Transit for an Intermediate-Sized Metropolitan Area69004002/01/1969
As federal funds have become available for analyzing transportation problems confronting urban areas, more communities have explored rapid transit as a vital element in a transportation system. These efforts have led smaller areas, with projected 1980 populations of less than 2,000,000 people, to the conclusion that Busways may be the answer to their traffic problems. A Busways system consists of a network of buses which circulate through residential communities for local pickup, then speed over reserved trunk lines to the focal point of the community, which in most instances is the central business district. It can provide fast, comfortable service. The system can be established quicker than most other high performance rapid transit systems and at one-half to one-tenth the cost. Because of these capabilities, Busways has become the rapid transit system of the future for intermediate-sized areas. Even in large metropolitan areas where other forms of rapid transit are programed for the
Corradino, Joseph C.
The Place of the Helicopter in the Megalopolitan Transport System66033602/01/1966
The helicopter has a role to play in transportation and this is shown in comparison to the automobile, train, and airplane. Economic costs, based on fares and the value of time while traveling, have been used to determine the effectiveness of each system. Simultaneous comparison of all four systems presents definite economic boundaries between them. Each system serves a specific segment of the transportation market. In this regard, the helicopter is currently superior in serving the quantity transportation market (which is comprised of business and pleasure travelers) for ranges of 20-200 miles, and for ranges of 30-300 miles in the future.
Wood, Carlos C.
Hovercraft in the United Kingdom - A Review of Significant Events in 1964 and Some Likely Developments in the Near Future65022002/01/1965
This paper attempts to review the likely developments concerning Hovercraft that will occur in the United Kingdom in the near future. It does not attempt an exhaustive study of any one of these developments, but endeavors to give some indication of the more significant points, the solutions of which will determine success or failure for the widespread use of the Hovercraft principle.
Hassall, A. F. A.
HIGH SPEED TRAINS37002301/01/1937
Henkle, Thomas H.
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