The pace of a complete STOL System implementation may well be determined by the amount and character of Federal Government involvement. If the Federal Government does become the prime motivator of a national STOL program, then agencies with established aircraft, airport and airways R&D activities, especially the Department of Transportation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Defense, should be expected to be the cutting edge of this STOL development. Therefore, the role the agencies now see for themselves becomes vitally important to anyone trying to define a STOL development timetable. This paper discusses individual DOT, NASA and DOD STOL roles and missions including the supporting rationale, that will allow the agencies to collectively address STOL systems implementation and create an environment in which the free enterprise system can assume its rightful role and provide a profitable, safe, environmentally satisfactory new air transportation service that is truly responsive to the desires of the public.