Browse Topic: Congestion

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Revolutionizing Mass Mobility: Sustainable, Safe, and Smart Transport Ecosystems2026-26-03601/16/2026
Mass Mobility Systems are critical for a sustainable and progressive society. As the world confronts the serious challenges of global warming and urban traffic congestion, efficient mass mobility solutions become critical in reducing carbon footprints and enabling equitable access. Advancement in mass mobility is not limited to electric buses alone but also includes innovations across conventional ICE vehicles, autonomous vehicles, Trains and other integrated transport networks. Safety, and accessibility for users remain critical to the sustainability of future mass mobility concepts. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in public transportation, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more resilient systems. Road safety, passenger well-being, and hygienic standards must be deeply embedded into future mobility solutions. Furthermore, strong last-mile connectivity will be essential to ensure that mass mobility truly meets the needs of all citizens. An effective Mass Mobility
Vasudevan, M, Kumar S, Ashok, Sridevi, M, Kumar, Rajiv, Kumar, Om
Intelligent Transportation Systems in India: Current Trends, Infrastructure Development, and Future Prospects2026-26-02721/16/2026
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) play a transformative role in enhancing the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of India’s transportation networks. As urbanization and vehicle ownership continue to grow, Indian cities face increasing demands on their infrastructure, resulting in challenges such as traffic congestion, pollution, and travel delays. ITS leverages advanced technologies-including real-time data analytics, communication networks, and automation-to optimize traffic management, improve public transport services, and provide timely information to commuters. In the Indian context, ITS applications such as electronic toll collection, adaptive traffic signals, smart parking solutions, and incident management systems have begun to demonstrate positive impacts on mobility and road safety. Government initiatives and policy frameworks are actively promoting the integration of ITS with ongoing infrastructure development projects, fostering innovation and encouraging
Bhat, Goutam, Bai N, Niha, Kumar, Vikas, Patil, Vishnureddy
Dynamic Integration of Bilateral and Adaptive Cruise Control for Intuitive Vehicle Behavior and Congestion Mitigation2026-26-00371/16/2026
Bilateral Cruise Control (BCC) is a new concept that has been shown to reduce traffic congestion and enhance fuel/energy efficiency compared to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). BCC considers both lead and trailing vehicles to determine the ego vehicle’s acceleration, effectively dampening any disturbance down the vehicle string and reducing possibilities for congestion. Despite the advantages demonstrated with BCC, one major limitation is its non-intuitive behavior, which stems from the fact that the BCC reacts not just to the lead vehicle but also to the trailing vehicle’s movement. This paper identifies key issues with BCC control and proposes solutions that retain the benefits of BCC while maintaining intuitive behavior. Specifically, a novel switching strategy is proposed to switch between ACC and BCC control modes by critically analyzing the driving conditions. The proposed system ensures acceptable driving behavior with predictable braking and acceleration, resulting in an
A, Arya, A, Aishwarya, D, Vishal Mitaran, M, Senthil Vel, Kumar, Vimal
Establishing a Scalable Virtual Framework for ADAS Validation: Traffic Jam Pilot with Real-World Scene Integration2026-26-05061/16/2026
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are instrumental in improving road safety and minimizing traffic-related incidents. However, their development and validation processes are resource-intensive, requiring substantial time, cost, and domain-specific expertise. Moreover, real-world testing introduces significant safety challenges. To address these issues, virtual simulation platforms offer high-fidelity environments for the secure and efficient testing of ADAS functions. This research presents a virtual validation framework for a Traffic Jam Pilot (TJP) algorithm utilizing such simulators. The framework features detailed models of camera and radar sensors, capturing essential parameters like detection range and field of view, alongside a vehicle plant model and road infrastructure modeling that includes elements such as curvature, slope, banking angles, and varying lane widths. A perception stack is developed using synthetic sensor data and is integrated with the TJP control
Agrawal, Mridul, Ithape, Avinash, Sharma, Prashant, Trivedi, Abhishek
Revolutionizing Urban Mobility in India: The Emergence of the 2-3 Wheel Combi Vehicle and the L2-5 Regulatory Framework.2026-26-01871/16/2026
Urban mobility in India is evolving rapidly under the pressures of population growth, increasing congestion, and the demand for innovative transportation solutions. With infrastructure development and urbanization accelerating, there is a growing need for versatile vehicles that can adapt to both personal and commercial purposes while addressing urban vehicle density. To meet this demand, the 2-3 Wheel Combi Vehicle has emerged as a groundbreaking modular mobility solution, enabling seamless transitions between two-wheeled (2W) and three-wheeled (3W) configurations. This is world's 1st class changing vehicle, exemplified by Hero's SURGE. It offers a single, multi-functional platform that supports agile urban mobility, e-commerce deliveries, and income generation. This innovation is underpinned by India's pioneering and newly created L2-5 category, a unique regulatory framework established by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) under the Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR
Ali Khan, Feroz, Gupta, Eshan
The Scope of Autonomous Vehicle Mobility with an Indian Context2024-26-00871/16/2024
The advent of autonomous vehicles promises to revolutionize the transportation sector globally, and India, as one of the world's fastest-growing economies, stands at the forefront of this transformative technology. This abstract presents a brief overview of the current state and potential implications of autonomous vehicles in the Indian context. With its densely populated cities, diverse traffic conditions, and complex road infrastructure, India presents unique challenges and opportunities for the deployment of autonomous vehicles. This technology has the potential to address critical issues such as road safety, congestion, and pollution while transforming the mobility experience for millions of people. However, several hurdles must be overcome to fully harness its benefits. The abstract explores key considerations for the implementation of autonomous vehicles in India. These include adapting the technology to navigate chaotic traffic scenarios, addressing infrastructure limitations
Shetty, Sharan Harish
A smart transportation system for existing vehicles and roads infrastructure to ease traffic and toll problems in India2024-26-01811/16/2024
India is a highly populous country. The traffic problems faced by the people here are not uncommon. The increase in traffic leads to increase in accidents, pollution, inconvenience and frustration. It also comes with costs of additional fuel and time. Though public transport is extensively available in India, still it isn't sufficient for the population of India. Especially in Metro cities, public transport services are often crowded. So, to travel peacefully people are opting for commuting in their own vehicles. And as a result, more vehicles are coming on roads. Other major reasons for increasing traffic are lack of proper implementation of traffic rules and traffic signals out of sync. In addition to city traffic, congestion is also seen on highways, mainly at toll plazas. Although implementation of FASTag has reduced it to some extent, some toll plazas still face traffic congestion issues. This paper provides an idea to ease the traffic problems in the city and on the highways too
Jain, Pritesh
Parking Planning with Genetic Algorithm for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles2022-01-00893/29/2022
The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of autonomous parking technology, since it has promising capacity to improve traffic efficiency and reduce the burden on drivers. However, it is prone to the trap of self-centeredness when each vehicle is automated parking in isolation. And it is easy to cause traffic congestion and even chaos when multiple autonomous vehicles require of parking into the same lot. In order to address the multiple vehicle parking problem, we propose a parking planning method with genetic algorithm. Firstly, an optimal mathematic model is established to describe the multiple autonomous vehicle parking problem. Secondly, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the optimization problem. Thirdly, illustrative examples are developed to verify the parking planner. The performance of the present method indicates its competence in addressing parking multiple autonomous vehicles problem.
Luo, Chagen, Xu, Feng, Zeng, Dequan, Hu, Yiming, Deng, Zhenwen, Fu, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhuoren, Zhang, Peizhi
A guidance strategy for parking space of autonomous valet parking with cooperative vehicle infrastructure system2022-01-01713/29/2022
Lots of invalid volume of traffic occurs as the vehicle repeatedly seeking the valid berth location, due to the existence of information island, which reduces traffic efficiency, increases traffic congestion and the emission of pollutants. Aiming at eliminating the existence of information island, this paper proposed a guidance strategy for parking space of autonomous valet parking, as taking merits of cooperative vehicle infrastructure system. The guidance strategy consists of an optimal guidance model and an adaptive ant-colony algorithm. Firstly, the optimal guidance model takes the minimum total parking cost as the objective function and the capacity of parking space as the constraints. Both the objective costs of parking and the subjective cost of customer are taken into accounts in the objective function. Secondly, comparing with traditional method, the adaptive ant-colony algorithm taking two improvements, in order to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm and avoid falling
Zeng, Dequan, Deng, Zhenwen, Hu, Yiming, Li, Zhuoren, Fu, Zhiqiang, Zhang, Peizhi
TMC Controller - Method to improve RDS TMC live traffic experience 2022-01-01633/29/2022
RDS TMC displays traffic information such as traffic congestion, accidents and road works on the map screen by receiving FM multiplex broadcasting from a RDS-TMC station. This system is intended to improve safety and promote environmental conservation by providing traffic information that enables smoother traffic flow. If vehicles are getting drive in country border area or location where multiple service providers available, It would create workload to map provider to collect and render display as per regular update. TMC traffic list are getting populated based on service provider(SID), country code (CC) and Location (LTN/LTNE) etc. Introducing a TMC Controller - method to improve the RDS TMC live traffic experience by reducing the workload of the map provider to minimize station switching ,and avoid clearing the traffic list.
Uddin, Saif, Tiwari, Vishal, Saha, Arko, Ravi, Sabarinathan, Alagesan, Muthukumar
Feasibility of heating the air in a hybrid power unit with the pneumatic engine for a compact wheeled vehicle2021-01-12469/21/2021
The article proves the necessity for heating the air in the pneumatic engine of a hybrid power unit designed for moving a compact wheeled vehicle. The aim is to improve the pneumatic engine operation indicators by heating the compressed air before it is supplied to the cylinder using the obtained theoretical and experimental studies. For the easy-to-use of assessing the effectiveness of heating the air supplied to a pneumatic engine, the experiments were carried out by two speed indicators p_s = 0.7MPa and p_s = 0.9MPa, according to them the testing of a pneumatic unit was conducted without heating the compressed air at the temperature equal to the ambient temperature T_s = 293K. Also, during the experiments a pneumatic engine was tested at other temperatures while supplying the compressed air at the inlet to the engine cylinder. So, at an inlet pressure p_s = 0.7MPa, the compressed air was heated up to the temperature T_s = 383K, and at a pressure p_s = 0.9MPa it was heated up to the
Leontiev PhD, Dmitry, Voronkov, Oleksandr, Nikitchenko, Igor, Korohodskyi, Volodymyr, Ryzhykh, Leonid, Rudenko, Nataliia, Makarova, Tamara
Stepping Into SAE Level 321AVEP05_095/1/2021
Honda and Toyota release new advanced driver-assistance systems that help to demarcate - or blur - the differences between SAE Level 2 and Level 3 capability. Honda and Toyota each recently announced the release of new, more-sophisticated driver-assistance systems for a special range of vehicles available in Japan starting in March 2021. Honda attracted global attention in November 2020, when it announced the Honda Legend fitted with Honda Sensing Elite would be the first vehicle ever awarded “type designation” from Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) for a driver-assistance system of SAE Level 3 capability. The Legend is joined by Toyota's 2022 Mirai and Lexus LS500h equipped with Advanced Drive, a system that, according to the company, embodies its “Mobility Teammate Concept.” This is an automated driving concept unique to Toyota that “seeks to enhance communication between drivers and cars, enable them to reach out to each other for mutual assist
Visnic, Bill
Arrangement and Control Method of Cooperative Vehicle Platoon2021-01-01134/6/2021
With the development of cellular communication technology and for the sake of reducing drag resistance, the multi-lane platoon technology will be more prosperous in the future. In this article, the cooperative vehicle platoon method on the public road is represented. The method’s architecture is mainly composed of the following parts: decision-making, path planning and control command generation. The decision-making uses the finite state machine to make decision and judgment on the cooperative lane change of vehicles, and starts to execute the lane change step when the lane change requirements are met. In terms of path planning, with the goal of ensuring comfort, the continuity of the vehicle state and no collision between vehicles, a fifth-order polynomial is used to fit every vehicle trajectory. In terms of control command generation module, a model predictive control algorithm is used to solve the multi-vehicle centralized optimization control problem. We use the two DOF vehicle
Chen, Guosheng, Wu, Jian, Li, Shuai, Zhang, Jinghua, Du, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guojun, Chen, Zhicheng
Quantum Switch Turns Metals into InsulatorsTBMG-3781510/1/2020
Most modern electronic devices rely on tiny, finely tuned electrical currents to process and store information. These currents dictate how fast computers run, how regularly pacemakers tick, and how securely money is stored in the bank. Researchers have demonstrated a new way to precisely control such electrical currents by leveraging the interaction between an electron's spin (the quantum magnetic field it inherently carries) and its orbital rotation around the nucleus.
Optimal Lane Management in Heterogeneous Traffic Network Using Extremum Seeking Approach2020-01-00864/14/2020
This paper is focused on modeling and control of a heterogeneous traffic network consisting of human-driven and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we consider the autonomous vehicles as controllable agents while the human-driven vehicles are considered as rational but non-controllable agents. The fundamental traffic diagram for such heterogeneous traffic networks is developed wherein the capacity and jam density of the road is determined as a function of the penetration rate and the headways of autonomous and human-driven vehicles. A cost function is defined to maximize the average flow-rate within the network. Considering the rationality of the human-driven vehicles as well as the controllability of the autonomous vehicles, a series of constraints are imposed on the cost function. We employed an extremum seeking control approach to determine the optimal flow-rate between the sub-networks so that the mobility of the network improves. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness
Karimi Shahri, Pouria, Ghasemi, Amir H., Izadi, Vahid
Algorithm Helps Swarming Robots Avoid CollisionsTBMG-363604/1/2020
For self-driving vehicles to become an everyday reality, they need to safely and flawlessly navigate one another without crashing or causing unnecessary traffic jams. To help make this possible, researchers have developed the first decentralized algorithm with a collisionfree, deadlock-free guarantee.
Congestion-busting with Autonomous Shuttles20AVEP03_103/1/2020
GoMentum is safety-testing two Local Motors shuttles at AAA's expansive NorCal proving grounds and new V2X lab. It was uneventful when an eight-passenger, low-speed driverless shuttle crawled at about 10 mph (16 km/h) toward the intersection at the GoMentum Station AV proving grounds in Concord, Calif. The crisp morning temperatures didn't get any more exciting when a mechanical pedestrian-dummy intentionally moved in the self-driving vehicle's path. The shuttle's six lidars, six radars and two military-grade GPS units brought the slow-moving vehicle gently to a stop within a courteous distance usually not granted by human drivers. The demo was dull for the handful of journalists on hand. But Jay Rogers, the chief executive of Local Motors-the producer of the shuttle dubbed “Olli” - was bubbling with enthusiasm. Rogers believes that the potential for low-speed connected and autonomous shuttles outweighs the promise of conventional vehicles transformed into full-stack robo-taxis.
Berman, Bradley
Still Unsettled on Vehicle Connectivity Standard19AVEP03_103/1/2019
As data and data-sharing become more crucial to the transportation evolution, the auto sector has yet to gain consensus on the best connectivity format. As autonomous vehicles inch closer to reality, a diverse range of companies and public entities are exploring ways to maximize their positive impact on traffic flows and congestion. Communication at all levels, both between vehicles and between public and private interest groups, will be an important element for improving efficiency.
Costlow, Terry
Impacts of Drive Cycle and Ambient Temperature on Modelled Gasoline Particulate Filter Soot Accumulation and Regeneration2018-01-09494/3/2018
Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are used as an efficient solution to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions on gasoline vehicles. GPFs are ceramic wall-flow filters and are normally located downstream of conventional three-way catalysts (TWC) [1]. The study in this paper is intended to evaluate the impact of drive cycle and ambient temperature on modelled GPF soot accumulation and regeneration. The test data were obtained through real road testing in Chinese cities including Nanjing, Hainan and Harbin. Five 2.0 L gasoline turbo direct-injection (GTDI) prototype vehicles from several China Stage 6 applications were employed for the road tests. The results of the testing indicated that a drive cycle with low engine speed and engine load, like a typical city road in rush hour traffic in Nanjing, had a low probability of generating high GPF temperatures (> 600 °C) and sufficient oxygen to regenerate the GPF. However, the soot accumulation model performed as expected [2] and the soot
Yue, Hongchao, Lehmen, Allen, Van Nieuwstadt, Michiel, Mason, Gregory, Barwick, Matt, Warm, David, Pebley, Kirk
Evaluation of Hitachi Electric Vehicle Combined Battery System Lifespan in India2018-01-04474/3/2018
We have developed a drive cycle (DC) to test Hitachi’s combined battery system (CBS) for electric vehicles (EVs) having battery lifespan enhancements. Conventionally EV batteries consist of high energy density cells, and we call them as energy cells (EC). A major issue with the EVs is high operational costs mainly due to short lifespan of the ECs. CBS almost doubles the EC and thus overall battery system lifespan, as per the evaluation over a WLTP based method. We want to test the CBS under Indian conditions which has predominantly hot weather, and traffic jam scenarios. Battery deterioration and thus its lifespan is sensitive to traffic conditions and ambient temperature. Hence, it was needed to evaluate the CBS over an Indian DC and use 40°C as ambient temperature. However, it was difficult to carry out the tests since there is no standard Indian DC for small / light weight four wheelers. Hence, we decided to synthesize a DC and collected over 1.5 million OBD data samples from four
Chandra, Rishi, Yamauchi, Shin
THE NAVIGATOR17AUTP11_0811/1/2017
The uncanny valley of partially-automated driving Automated driving has the potential to be the most disruptive force in transportation since Henry Ford rolled out the Model T. The potential impact on an industry that generates an estimated $4 trillion in annual revenues globally is enormous. No company wants to be left without a chair when the music stops. However, in that rush to win the automation race, are automakers producing interim products that might be better left parked in the storage lot behind the research labs?
Abuelsamid, Sam
Real World Driving: Emissions in Highly Congested Traffic2017-01-238810/8/2017
The emissions from vehicles in real world driving are of current concern, as they are often higher than on legislated test cycles and this may explain why air quality in cities has not improved in proportion to the reduction in automotive emissions. This has led to the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation in Europe. RDE involves journeys of about 90km with roughly equal proportion of urban, rural and motorway driving. However, air quality exceedances occur in cities with urban congested traffic driving as the main source of the emissions that deteriorate the air quality. Thus, the emissions measured on RDE journeys may not be relevant to air quality in cities. A Temet FTIR and Horiba exhaust flow measurement system was used for the mass emissions measurements in a Euro 4 SI vehicle. A 5km urban journey on a very congested road was undertaken 29 times at various times so that different traffic congestion was encountered. Each journey was split into ten sections in order that the
Khalfan, Ahmad, Andrews, Gordon, Li, Hu
The Effect Factors and Location Planning Method Study of a Novel Car-Sharing Network2017-01-02493/28/2017
With the development of the Internet for vehicles, the Car-sharing has been developed rapidly in recent years. This paper focuses on the network programming and distribution for Car-sharing, which helps to clarify the characteristics and basic law of Car-sharing network development, as well as the main approaches to construct it. Firstly, by analyzing the effect factors and expanding ways of Car-sharing network, characteristics of the development of Car-sharing industry and its network, as well as main Car-sharing users and services, the influence factors of Car-sharing demand and the main demand points in a city are summarized. Secondly, in order to better evaluate the network programming and distribution for Car-sharing, this paper proposes an optimization decision method of the car-sharing network planning by evaluating the possible alternatives in a same scale. The assessment index of Car-sharing network planning is constructed. Then the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and grey
Mi, Jia, Jie, Hu, Zhu, Hao, Liu, Hao, Zhang, Yuzhou
Design and Research of Micro EV Driven by In-Wheel Motors on Rear Axle2016-01-19509/18/2016
As is known to all, the structure of the chassis has been greatly simplified as the application of in-wheel motor in electric vehicle (EV) and distributed control is allowed. The micro EV can alleviate traffic jams, reduce the demand for motor and battery capacity due to its small size and light weight and accordingly solve the problem that in-wheel motor is limited by inner space of the wheel hub. As a result, this type of micro EV is easier to be recognized by the market. In the micro EV above, two seats are side by side and the battery is placed in the middle of the chassis. Besides, in-wheel motors are mounted on the rear axle and only front axle retains traditional hydraulic braking system. Based on this driving/braking system, distribution of braking torque, system reliability and braking intensity is analyzed in this paper. In order to coordinate with traditional hydraulic ABS control to ensure the braking stability of the vehicle, model following control (MFC) is adopted to
Zhuo, Guirong, Zhang, Subin, Xiong, Kun
Delphi launches driverless pilot program in Singapore, aims for SAE Level 4 operation by 201916AUTP09_099/1/2016
Delphi Automotive on August 1 announced an extensive autonomous-vehicle pilot program in Singapore, aimed at demonstrating cloud-based fully automated mobility on demand (AMoD) capability “at the [SAE] Level 4 performance level” by late 2019, said Glen DeVos, Vice President of Delphi's Business Services Unit based in Mountain View, CA. Operational capability is expected by 2022. Delphi is partnering with the Singapore government's Land Transport Authority (LTA) on the multi-phase project. The initial phase, to be conducted through 2019, will involve a fleet of six modified production vehicles operating at low speed on fixed routes in the island nation's “one north” area, a business park that is currently serving as a test bed for autonomous-vehicle development, DeVos explained in a recent media briefing.
Brooke, Lindsay
Aerial Commuter Architecture Using Slung LoadsF-0072-2016-113615/17/2016
Evading traffic congestion by personal flying vehicle is still a far fetched dream. Recent advancements in predicting divergence speeds of slung loads using the Continuous Rotation Method (CRM) of airloads measurement has made is possible to obtain complete aerodynamic load maps of objects. In turn this enables on-the-fly system identification and dynamics predictions to ensure safety and smooth rides with slung loads. A concept is proposed for an air-lift service which can transport people with their personal road vehicles over congested areas. QFD and OEC analyses are used to compare different VTOL options for such a system. A pure conventional helicopter with internal or external carriage, a quadrotor, a lighter-than-air (LTA) platform with a quadrotor, and an LTA with cycloidal rotors are compared. The last two are found to be feasible, with only the LTA-cycloidal meeting all requirements when downwash and noise constraints are imposed. A streamlined carriage concept with
Shukla, Dhwanil, Hiremath, Nandeesh, Komerath, Narayanan
Self-Driving Intelligent Vehicle to Increase Road Safety, Lower Congestion Rates and Decrease Emissions2016-01-01614/5/2016
This study presents the design and development of a vehicle platform with intelligent sensors that has the capabilities to drive independently and cooperatively on roads. An integrated active safety system has been designed to optimize the human senses using ultrasonic infrared sensors and transmitter/receiver modules, to increase the human vision, feel and communication for increased road safety, lower congestion rates, and decrease CO2 emissions. Ultrasonic sensors mounted on the platform, emitted longitudinal 40 kHz waves and received echoes of these sound waves when an object was within its direction. The duration was converted to a distance measurement to detect obstacles as well as using distance measurement threshold values to implement adaptive cruise control. Infrared sensors equipped with an IR LED and a bipolar transistor detected a change in light intensity to identify road lanes. The wireless modules were used for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, where vehicles
Soloiu, Valentin, Augusma, Imani, Lucien, Deon, Thomas, Mary, Alba-Flores, Roccio
Driver Perceived Threat and Behavior in Rear End Collision Avoidance Situations2015-01-14144/14/2015
The focus of this paper is the threat assessment of perceived threat by drivers in collision avoidance situations. The understanding of the decision making process with regards to the initiation of a driver intervention is a crucial step to gain insight into driver's steering and braking behavior in case of an imminent threat (rear-end collision). Hence a study with various test subjects and a test vehicle has been conducted. The study has helped to understand how drivers behave in potential rear-end collision situations arising from the traffic situation (e.g. start of a traffic jam). This information is of major importance for designing autonomous collision avoidance systems and an important step towards autonomous driving. Autonomous driving in vehicles require system interventions to be initiated as early and safely as possible in order to avoid the collision and to avoid unstable vehicle dynamics situations. In parallel, collision avoidance maneuvers need to be balanced between
Shah, Jitendra, Benmimoun, Mohamed
A Unique and Novel Approach for Increasing the Life of Automotive Audio Signaling Device2014-01-02374/1/2014
Automotive Audio Signaling system is very vital and is controlled by local regulatory requirements. In India, usage of horn is very frequent due to highly congested traffic conditions, and is in the order of 10 to 12 times per kilometer. This results in the deterioration of the “contact”, which enables the functioning of the device. Hence the device requires premature replacement or frequent tuning, which are time consuming and results an increase in warranty costs and cost of service as well. Thus, to overcome this problem a unique and novel approach is proposed in this paper which enhances the life of the automobile horn, by implementing an additional pair of Contacts on circuit breakers, providing a parallel path for the power supply. This effort ensures that the life of the horn is increased by 5 times than the existing design. In addition, this approach completely eliminates the problems of premature failure or frequent tuning, yet without any change in the physical dimensions of
Yerraguntla, Prasad Rao, Kulkarni, Shashi, Asthana, Deepak
Improving Stability of a Narrow Track Personal Vehicle using an Active Tilting System2014-01-00874/1/2014
A compact sized vehicle that has a narrow track could solve problems caused by vehicle congestion and limited parking spaces in a mega city. Having a smaller footprint reduces the vehicle's total weight which would decrease overall vehicle power consumption. Also a smaller and narrower vehicle could travel easily through tight and congested roads that would speed up the traffic flow and hence decrease the overall traffic volume in urban areas. As an additional benefit of having a narrow track length, a driver can experience similar motorcycle riding experience without worrying about bad weather conditions since a driver sits in a weather protected cabin. However, reducing the vehicle's track causes instability in vehicle dynamics, which leads to higher possibility of rollovers if the vehicle is not controlled properly. A three wheel personal vehicle with an active tilting system is designed in MapleSim. The vehicle is driven by constant rotational input which is applied to the rear
Kim, Shinhoon, McPhee, John, Lashgarian Azad, Nasser
NOx Engine Exhaust Emissions Generated from Diesel (CI) Passenger Cars Registered from 2000 to 20122014-01-16204/1/2014
Real world engine emissions measurements were carried out from the University of Antwerp in Belgium and more than 600 passenger cars were measured when entering and leaving two different University campuses. All measurements were done according to the European Commission Directive 2010/48/EU on roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers. A database, including a wide variety of vehicles with completely different engine specifications and technological characteristics (engine size, emissions standards exhaust after-treatment devices etc.) has been created and various parameters influencing emissions will be examined. The influence of various parameters on NOx emissions was considered and discussed in this paper. Important conclusions have been made for diesel vehicles and presented in this work. Cold and hot start engine emissions were taken and analyzed in order to determine the percentage that NOx emission increased over the years. A comparison of different generation
Savvidis, Dimitrios, Bounos, Konstantinos, Loakimidis, Christos
Lateral Control for Automated Vehicle Following System in Urban Environments2014-01-01614/1/2014
In contrast to highway, there are some sections not well maintained in urban roads. In these sections, there may be faint lane marks or static obstacles due to construction or some other reasons. Therefore, an automated vehicle following system such as traffic jam assistant should consider these sections to guarantee the safety of the system. In order to achieve this purpose, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme has been developed. The objectives of MPC are to compute the sequence of optimal steering input for vehicle following with obstacle avoidance. For this, the MPC uses the lead vehicle's state and obstacle's position obtained by lidars. For this purpose, a simplified nonlinear model of the vehicle was used to predict the future evolution of the system. Based on this prediction, performance index is optimized under operating constraints at each time step. A test vehicle equipped with two lidars on left and right corner of the front bumper has been developed. And the performance
Kim, Dongwook, Kim, Hakgu
Modeling Weather Impact on Airport Arrival Miles-in-Trail Restrictions2013-01-23019/17/2013
When the demand for either a region of airspace or an airport approaches or exceeds the available capacity, miles-in-trail (MIT) restrictions are the most frequently issued traffic management initiatives (TMIs) that are used to mitigate these imbalances. Miles-in-trail operations require aircraft in a traffic stream to meet a specific inter-aircraft separation in exchange for maintaining a safe and orderly flow within the stream. This stream of aircraft can be departing an airport, over a common fix, through a sector, on a specific route or arriving at an airport. This study begins by providing a high-level overview of the distribution and causes of arrival MIT restrictions for the top ten airports in the United States. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the frequency, duration and cause of MIT restrictions impacting the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) from 2009 through 2011. Then, machine-learning methods for predicting (1) situations in which MIT
Wang, Yao, Grabbe, Shon
Optimization Potential for a State of the Art 8-Speed AT2013-01-12724/8/2013
The legislative and market pressure for CO2 reduction and fuel efficient powertrains lead to a variety of automatic transmission concepts in recent years. The CVT technology, the dual clutch technology (DCT) and optimized architectures of torque converter / planetary gear based automatic transmissions (AT), such as 6, 7, and 8 speed ATs entered the market in the last decade. Also different hybrid technologies have entered the market offering further improvement for fuel consumption especially in city driving. Helpful for OEMs and suppliers to flexibly meet market demands proofed the use of modular hybrid solutions. Clear demand to meet were packages of existing vehicles and powertrains with AT and hybrid transmission (HT), e.g. the modular transmission kit based on the ZF 8 speed AT. Hybrid technology is offering fuel efficiency benefits, but there are also reasons for a slow market penetration. Major obstacles are weight, battery performance, cost, complexity and low benefits for
Dick, Albert, Greiner, Juergen, Locher, Anton, Jauch, Friedemann
Audi Urban Intelligent Assist13MOMD0401_034/1/2013
The three-year joint effort between Audi AG, the Volkswagen Group Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL) in Belmont, CA, the University of Southern California, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of California at San Diego aimed at improving drivers' information and decision-making capabilities. AUDI UNVEILED ITS IDEAS FOR STREAMLINING AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORTATION at the Los Angeles auto show when it introduced new technologies aimed at improving drivers' information and decision-making capabilities. The Audi Urban Intelligent Assist project is a three-year joint effort between Audi AG, the Volkswagen Group Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL), in Belmont, CA; the University of Southern California; the University of California at Berkeley; and the University of California at San Diego. The University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute also participated initially but has left the project.
Carney, Dan
Everything's looking up for aircraft with Internet connections12AERD0815_018/15/2012
Satellites will make global connectivity possible. NOW THAT PORTABLE COMPUTERS ARE UBIQUITOUS, Internet connectivity is becoming a requirement for many consumers. Aircraft companies are racing to give passengers unique abilities to go online for entertainment, information, and business activities in an effort to gain market share and revenue. Both commercial and private aircraft are increasingly carrying antennas that link them to communications satellites or terrestrial towers that link planes to the Worldwide Web. Ground-based systems are popular now, but satellite links are widely considered to be the future for global connectivity. Many market watchers feel this trend has reached critical mass, beginning the spiral of rising volumes and falling prices that makes systems affordable enough for mainstream markets.
Costlow, Terry
Modeling Weather Impact on Ground Delay Programs2011-01-268010/18/2011
Scheduled arriving aircraft demand may exceed airport arrival capacity when there is abnormal weather at an airport. In such situations, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) institutes ground-delay programs (GDP) to delay flights before they depart from their originating airports. Efficient GDP planning depends on the accuracy of prediction of airport capacity and demand in the presence of uncertainties in weather forecast. This paper presents a study of the impact of dynamic airport surface weather on GDPs. Using the National Traffic Management Log, effect of weather conditions on the characteristics of GDP events at selected busy airports is investigated. Two machine learning methods are used to generate models that map the airport operational conditions and weather information to issued GDP parameters and results of validation tests are described.
Wang, Yao, Kulkarni, Deepak
A Personal Plane Air Transportation System - The PPlane Project2011-01-269710/18/2011
The seventh European Framework Program (FP7) “Personal Plane” project (PPlane) aims at developing system ideas to enable personal air transport in the long term (2030 and beyond). Such a system will avoid the ever increasing congestion on European roads and offer an alternative to the current conventional transport system across Europe, in particular in those states that still have poor highway and railway networks. The preliminary assumption made in the PPlane project is that automatisms should be developed to enable a “regular Joe” to use a personal aircraft, in various weather conditions, without any command and control difficulties, using a “push button” navigation interface. An on-board automatic system will take care of the complex issues of integration into the airspace (other sky users, class of airspace, Special Use Airspace…), navigation and emergency management. A systematic and innovative approach has been developed and implemented within the PPlane project in order to
Le Tallec, Claude, Joulia, Antoine, Harel, Moshe
The i-REAL Personal Mobility Vehicle2011-39-72425/17/2011
The need for small personal mobility vehicles is growing as urbanization, the aging of society, traffic congestion, and parking become major issues, particularly in inner-city areas. The aging of society also means that more short trips within communities will be made. The i-REAL personal mobility vehicle is a next-generation single-passenger electric vehicle that enables the driver to move around town using a smaller amount of energy. This compact EV has three wheels: two front wheels driven by in-wheel motors and one rear wheel. According to the driver's needs, the i-REAL switches driving modes by changing its wheelbase. It can go slowly, allowing the driver to meet the eyes of passers-by when driving in parks, on sidewalks, or inside shopping malls. When on the road, it can lower its height and drive quickly like a bicycle or motorcycle. The body of the i-REAL leans automatically based on the speed and the turn angle to maintain the balance of the vehicle for any driver. For safety
Akihiro, Yanaka, Makoto, Morita, Takeo, Moriai
Hitting the ground running10AEID0119_081/19/2010
Delphi technology chief Dr. Andrew Brown Jr. ascends to SAE's highest office and helps position the organization for long-term success. As Executive Director and Chief Technologist for Delphi Corp. and a 17-year member of SAE International, including stints on several SAE boards and committees, Dr. Andrew Brown Jr. has a wealth of personal experience to rely upon as SAE International's 2010 President. Rather than rely solely on his own experience, however, prior to taking office, Brown reached out to key constituents across SAE's three sectors to gain insight into how SAE can better meet their needs and provide more value.
Monaghan, Matt
Evaluation of Four Methods of Reconfiguring an FPGATBMG-50624/1/2009
A study was performed to evaluate the relative merits of four methods of reconfiguring a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in response to detection of a faulty configurable logic block (CLB). As used here, “reconfiguration” signifies replacing the faulty CLB by disconnecting it and connecting, in its stead, a previously unused CLB. This study was a major part of an effort to develop a circuit-reconfiguration system (CRS) that could utilize any of the four methods to implement fault tolerance in the FPGA.
System-Level Integration of Mass MemoryTBMG-338211/1/2008
A report discusses integrating multiple memory modules on the high-speed serial interconnect (IEEE 1393) that is used by a spacecraft’s inter-module communications in order to ease data congestion and provide for a scalable, strong, flexible system that can meet new system-level mass memory requirements.
Thermal Technology System Acquires Heat Data to Count PeopleTBMG-491110/1/2008
The Flowslide, developed by Royal Boon Edam Group Holding BV, is a combination of a revolving door and curved sliding panels, installed at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris. The Flowslide offers a complete physical separation between two crossing passenger flows on a single floor, allowing arriving and departing passengers to use a single door. The entry and exit points open and close alternatively within the curved wall of the revolving door, while keeping the passengers separate. As the two sets of passengers never come into contact with each other — despite using the same doorway — the Flowslide has enabled today's higher levels of security to be met, without the need to redevelop the terminal.
Thermal Technology System Acquires Heat Data to Count PeopleTBMG-TB-00491110/1/2008
A non-intrusive people-counting system uses thermal detection. The Flowslide, developed by Royal Boon Edam Group Holding BV, is a combination of a revolving door and curved sliding panels, installed at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris. The Flowslide offers a complete physical separation between two crossing passenger flows on a single floor, allowing arriving and departing passengers to use a single door. The entry and exit points open and close alternatively within the curved wall of the revolving door, while keeping the passengers separate. As the two sets of passengers never come into contact with each other - despite using the same doorway - the Flowslide has enabled today's higher levels of security to be met, without the need to redevelop the terminal.
Improving UDP/IP Transmission Without Increasing CongestionTBMG-18839/1/2006
Datagram Retransmission (DGR) is a computer program that, within certain limits, ensures the reception of each datagram transmitted under the User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol. [User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is considered unreliable because it does not involve a reliability- ensuring connection-initiation dialogue between sender and receiver. UDP is well suited to issuing of many small messages to many different receivers.] Unlike prior software for ensuring reception of UDP datagrams, DGR does not contribute to network congestion by retransmitting data more frequently as an ever-increasing number of messages and acknowledgements is lost. Instead, DGR does just the opposite: DGR includes an adaptive timeout- interval-computing component that provides maximum opportunity for reception of acknowledgements, minimizing retransmission. By monitoring changes in the rate at which message-transmission transactions are completed, DGR detects changes in the level of congestion and responds
Development of a New Black-face Cluster with Transparent Electroluminescent (EL) Display2001-01-08393/5/2001
We have developed a New Black-face Cluster with Transparent EL Display, positioned on the speedometer, to display driver support information within the cluster; mass production of this DUAL VISION CLUSTER commenced in September 1999. The following were two requirements for implementing this cluster. 1) Selection of display device 2) Positioning of cluster in front of speedometer, using Transparent EL Display In this session, we will explain how we resolved the issues involved in development of this new Black-face Cluster. We will also describe the structure of the cluster.
Kumazawa, Katsuhiro, Tominaga, Hiroshi, Kumon, Hitoshi, Hattori, Koji
ProductivityS Next Dimension - The Mobile Office Computing Platform2000-01-C02711/1/2000
Mobile professionals have longed for a true office on wheels because they are productive everywhere except in the place that they spend the most significant amount of time - the vehicle. With traffic congestion ever increasing, the more time the mobile professional is spending in the vehicle. This lack of productivity in the vehicle results in a significant loss of revenue and income for the mobile professional. This paper examines who the mobile professional is, identifies the requirements of the mobile professional, shows the hardware and software architecture for the in-vehicle portion of the mobile office, and identifies the challenges to overcome to create a true mobile office.
Kanemitsu, Dean
Using Simulation to Design a Lean Material Delivery System in an Automotive Body Shop1999-01-16435/10/1999
A simulation study was undertaken to help design a material delivery system to support lean manufacturing in an automotive body shop. Since this was a greenfield facility, simulation analysis was employed in the very early design phase of the system to determine and quantify the limiting parameters of the proposed lean material delivery system. The simulation analysis evolved with the changes in the design parameters and assumptions of the facility. The updated information from the simulation model helped the designers to evaluate alternate concepts and understand some parameters better such as, traffic congestion, manpower, and storage area requirement.
Azim, Muhammad A.
Interactive Information Delivery Navigation System98C02910/19/1998
In the past few years, car navigation and cellular phone system are rapidly increased in Japan and vehicle information and communication system (VICS), the public traffic information service started in 1996, accelerates realization of ITS world. This rapid movement causes drivers to want more information on not only traffic jam but also other versatile items like parking availability, weather report and the latest news, etc. via cellular phone network. This paper describes the on-demand information service with the interactive human interface by operators and the development of the information center and the in-vehicle system to realize it.
Hirabe, Masakazu, Ishikawa, Masahiro, Hirano, Motoki
Assessing the Acceptability of IVHS: Some Preliminary Results91281110/1/1991
While much of the current research on Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) focuses on its technological aspects and economic benefits, little consideration is being given to the potential non-economic benefits of IVHS to individuals and society and the related issue of acceptability of the system among various user groups. Three stages of research dealing with the non-economic benefits of IVHS and user acceptance are discussed. Next, the results of a recently completed survey exploring these topics are reviewed. Survey findings cover the potential usefulness of various traffic advisories and the willingness of drivers to pay for them. Sentiments of drivers experiencing varying degrees of traffic congestion and stress in their commuting are considered as are feelings about IVHS as a solution to traffic congestion. Finally, implications of findings and directions for future research on user acceptance and non-economic benefits are discussed.
Marans, Robert W., Yoakam, Cyrus
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