This document establishes the minimum requirements for an environmental test chamber, and test procedures to carry out anti-icing performance tests according to the current materials specification for aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. The primary purpose for such a test method is to determine the anti icing endurance under controlled laboratory conditions of AMS1424 Type I and AMS1428 Type II, III, and IV fluids.

G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids

Landing Gear Component Heat Damage

AIR5913B (Current)

11/11/2025

The purpose of this report is to outline types of in-service heat damage that have been observed in high strength steel landing gear components, with an emphasis on a particular type that is referred to as “Ladder Cracking” which can develop in landing gear shock struts. The report discusses how ladder cracking can be detected visually and evaluated by non-destructive inspection methods, and how it can be repaired at overhaul with the prior approval of the Original Equipment Manufacturer. This report also describes the use of a bearing material that has resolved this problem without introducing other problems. Examples of other types of service induced heat damage are also discussed.

A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings CommitteeNEW

SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Smarter Automotive Testing with AI and Simulation

1352207/03/2025

The new test track isn't asphalt--it's AI and simulation. From hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) to real-time performance analytics, new innovations are reshaping how vehicles are designed, validated, and brought to market. At the forefront of this transformation is A&D Technology, a leader in integrated test automation and lab management solutions for the transportation and energy markets. By integrating AI-driven analytics with high-fidelity simulation environments, the company is empowering automotive engineers to streamline testing workflows, reduce physical prototypes, and accelerate innovation in everything from EV powertrains to autonomous systems. To learn more, we sat down with Mike Uhl, President & CEO, to discuss how A&D Technology's work in simulation and test automation is helping engineers bring the next generation of mobility technologies to life. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget

Hineman, Marcie

Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement

2024-01-3356

04/23/2025

ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative analysis and comparison of fuel economy and performance of a series hybrid electric HMMWV (High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) military vehicle with a conventional HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking. In this paper, a methodology is presented by which the fuel economy gains due to optimized engine are isolated from the fuel economy gains due to regenerative braking. Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking of the hybrid HMMWV is analyzed in terms of efficiency from the kinetic energy at the wheels to the portion of regenerative power which is retrievable by the battery. The engine operation of both the series hybrid and conventional HMMWV are analyzed using a 2-D bin analysis methodology. Finally, the vehicle model is used to make

Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus

3D-Printed Reactor Core Makes Solar Fuel Production More Efficient

TBMG-5219312/01/2024

In recent years, engineers at ETH Zurich have developed the technology to produce liquid fuels from sunlight and air. In 2019, they demonstrated the entire thermochemical process chain under real conditions for the first time, in the middle of Zurich, on the roof of ETH Machine Laboratory. These synthetic solar fuels are carbon neutral because they release only as much CO2 during their combustion as was drawn from the air for their production. Two ETH spin-offs, Climeworks and Synhelion, are further developing and commercializing the technologies.

Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement

2024-01-3356-TEST-REC11/15/2024

Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Solar Powered Boating on the Great Lakes

1346707/23/2024

With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, Michigan plays a large role in the future of maritime mobility. Recreational boating, commercial shipping, ports, and harbors serve a crucial role in the economic vitality of Michigan's coastal communities and the Great Lakes. That's why the Michigan Economic Development Corporation recently launched the Fresh Coast Maritime Challenge to help decarbonize the state's waterways. As part of this grant, Lilypad Labs, a startup based in Holland, Mich., launched the Lilypad, a sharable, 100 percent solar powered boat that provides a quiet, sustainable, and pollution-free boating experience. To learn more about the importance of sustainable recreational and commercial boating, we sat down with Justine Johnson, Michigan's Chief Mobility Officer, Michigan Economic Development Corporation, and Dana Lowell, CEO, Lilypad Labs, to discuss how the public and private sectors are working together to decarbonize the Great Lakes waterways. If you'd like to get

Hineman, Marcie

A Predictive Approach to Estimate Tyre Wear Characteristics

2024-26-031301/16/2024

Tyre wear is a significant concern for the automotive industry due to multiple reasons that include vehicle performance, safety, economy, environmental (particulate matter emission) aspects, etc. Therefore, ensuring higher tyre tread wear resistance is one of the most important criteria while developing a new tyre. Tyre wear phenomenon is influenced by various factors, such as, road conditions, driving habits, maintenance practices and tyre design parameters (construction, geometry and material). The wear assessment through classical field-testing approach consumes significant time and resources. Therefore, digital predictive tools are very useful in predicting wear characteristics at the early stage of tyre development process. In this study, an attempt has been made to capture the impact of tread geometry, tread material, vehicle geometry, vehicle speed, test track geometry, etc. on tyre wear. A commercial finite element code, Abaqus was utilized for tyre structural simulation and

Bedi, Vinay Kumar, Rana, Kashif, Mahata, Pundarik, Ghosh, Prasenjit, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra

Engine Modelling with Smart Online DoE

2024-26-033801/16/2024

The implementation of TREM/CEV 5 emission norms on farm equipment will bring in cost pressure due to the need for exhaust after treatment systems. This cost increase needs to be reduced by bringing in more efficient and effective processes to shorten the development phase and to provide better fuel efficiencies. In this work ETAS ASCMO Online DoE with Constraint Modelling (ODCM) to execute smart online DoE on a new common rail diesel engine with EGR, whose exact bounds of operation was not available. A Global test plan with ASCMO Static was created without much focus on detailed constraints of engine operation, other than the full load curve. The parameters which were selected were Speed, Torque, Rail Pressure, Main Timing, EGR Valve Position, Pilot Separation and Quantity and Post Quantity and Separation. For these parameters, the safe operating bounds were not available. This ASCMO Static test plan is automated and executed on engine test cell with ETAS INCAFlow. ODCM at each step

Paulraj, Lemuel Srinivasan, Varsha, Anuroopa, Karadi, Subramanya, KUMAR, DEVENDRA

Cab RLDA using VI & MI approach: A Co-Simulation of ADAMS & FEMFAT Lab VI/MI

2024-26-005101/16/2024

The current approach of hybrid RLDA is typically incapable of providing accurate dynamic loads coming on cab at chassis-to-cab load transfer locations, primarily due to following two reasons. Firstly, all of the model parameters of the vehicle, which is put on the four post, are not known. Secondly, MBS (Multi-body System) Cab model is multi degree of freedom with rigid bodies, flex bodies, contacts and non-linear force elements. Therefore, if the system identification is to be performed manually it becomes an arduous and humanly impossible task. Towards generating an accurate dynamic loads on cab, an approach using FEMFAT LAB - VI & MI has been developed which involves a two-step process: a) Generating MBS excitation by back calculating from measured frame response - VI (Virtual iterations). b) Fine tuning modelling parameters to match measured cab response - MI (Model Improvement). To execute the VI & MI approach for calculating dynamic loads on cab through 4-poster & 7-poster

Singh, Prempal, PRASAD, TEJ

Development challenges for Hydrogen test cell facility requirements and safety constraints

2024-26-018001/16/2024

The globe moving towards setting up targets, greenhouse gas emissions in the long-term for 2050 and especially in the short-term for 2030, efforts in ICE domain has been accelerating to find an alternative way and H2 is among one of them leading! This paper helps understand the basic properties of Hydrogen which are critical for deriving safety aspects to be considered while designing an engine test cell to handle H2 as fuel. This paper summarizes the survey of relevant reference standards to be considered while designing and developing an H2 engine test cell. It elaborates typical test cell facilities and utilities to give an idea about the critical sub-systems required for an engine test cell. The hydrogen storage considerations, its handling from storage till engine test cell are studied and summarized. Also, the critical sub-systems which are required for safe handling of H2 as fuel inside the engine test cell are discussed and elaborated. Various reference standard guidance is

Phadke, Abhijit N, Mokhadkar, Rahul Prakash

Study and analysis of dynamic seat pressure distribution by human subjects during vehicle running state on test tracks

2024-26-035401/16/2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct dynamic seat pressure mapping on vehicle seats during its operation on different test tracks under ambient environmental conditions for a defined speed. The test track comprises of pave roads, high frequency track, low frequency track and twist track. The variations in pressure distribution on seat during diverse road load inputs help to understand the seat cushion and back comfort for unique percentiles of human subjects ranging from 50th to 95th percentile population. For conducting the study, a sport utility vehicle (SUV) loaded with leatherette seats has chosen. Totally six participants (human subjects), five male and one female selected for the study based on their BMI (Body mass index) and body morphology. Pressure mats suitable for taking dynamic load inputs and able to log the data at a defined sampling rate mounted on seats and secured properly. The pressure mats should cover the seat cushion, bolster areas and back seat completely. The

Arthanathan, Sankaranarayanan

Accelerated Lab Test facility for NRS Leaf Spring bracket for HCV Application

2024-26-034401/16/2024

In the modern automotive sector, durability and reliability are the most common terms. Customers are expecting a highly reliable product but at low cost. Any product that fails within its useful life leads to customer dissatisfaction and affects the reputation of the OEM. To eradicate this, all automotive components undergo stringent validation protocol, either in proving ground or in lab. This paper tails on developing an accelerated lab test methodology for NRS leaf spring bracket by simulating field failure. Initially, potential failure causes for spring bracket were analyzed. Road load data was then acquired at proving ground and customer site to evaluate the damage on the spring bracket. To simulate the field failure, lab test facility was developed, reproducing similar boundary conditions as in vehicle. Field failure was simulated with the existing design samples and Improved design of spring bracket was validated in the same test conditions and compared with the life of existing

G, Manthiramoorthy

Framework for the Verification & Validation (V&V) of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

2024-26-002201/16/2024

Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) systems play a critical role in ensuring vehicle safety by detecting potential rear-end collisions and automatically applying brakes to mitigate or prevent accidents. This paper focuses on establishing a framework for the Verification & Validation (V&V) of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) by testing & verifying the functionality of a RADAR-based AEB ECU. A comprehensive V&V approach was adopted, incorporating both virtual and physical testing. For virtual testing, closed-loop Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) simulation technique was employed. The AEB ECU was interfaced with the real-time hardware via CAN. Data for the relevant target such as the target position, velocity etc. was calculated using an ideal RADAR sensor model running on the real-time hardware. The methodology involved conducting a series of test scenarios, including various driving speeds, obstacle types, and braking distances. Automation was leveraged to perform automated testing and

Bhagat, Ajinkya, Kale, Jyoti Ganesh, Pachhapurkar, Ninad, Karle, Manish, R, Manish, Karle, Ujjwala

ONE DIMENSIONAL (1-D) SIMULATION MODEL FOR RIDE AND COMFORT EVALUATION OF A TWO AXLE TRUCK.

2024-26-029901/16/2024

In automotive industry, testing and validation teams are highly dependent on availability of prototype vehicles for testing and evaluation of ride & comfort behavior of vehicles. Special test tracks surfaces are also used (namely Tar road, Belgian random track, Express way and driving over a Cleat) to evaluate the ride & comfort through jury evaluation (subjective evaluation). Ride is largely affected by transmissibility of road excitations to the driver and other occupant's seats, influence of suspension, bushes and tire are the major contributors in the transfer path of vibrations. A configurable 1-D simulation model of a Two Axle Truck is developed for quick evaluation of the ride & comfort behavior which is need of the hour for the testing team in optimizing the number of iterations in physical testing. These simulations will help in understanding the ride & comfort behavior and its sensitivity to changes in the component's characteristics in absence of physical test vehicles. The

SONI, YASH, Bagal, Vikram, GHANWAT, HEMANT, Mullapudi, Dattatreyudu, Chaskar, Mithun

Acoustic characterization of AC motor using sound intensity in standard laboratory environments

2025-01-001005/05/2023

Sound power is commonly used metric to quantify acoustic sources like AC motor in electrified powertrain. This testing is often performed in an anechoic environment to create free-field conditions around the unit. To eliminate the influence of extraneous noise sources, the anechoic facilities must be further isolated from driver and absorber dynamometers. These dynamometers are needed for running the AC motors in the desired speed and load conditions. For early detection of potential issues, it is advantageous to have the capability for engineers to conduct acoustic tests in standard laboratory environments. These may include non-acoustically treated rooms, presence of extraneous noise sources (e.g., driver and absorber dynos), etc. In such environments, sound intensity-based sound power determination methods could be utilized. The sound intensity-based approach is covered in ISO 9614 standard. The norm is to sweep an intensity probe on a sound source in constant speed condition to

Kumar, Aditya, Ippili, Rajani

Application of blocked force methodology to an electrified beam axle from a medium-duty truck in vehicle and in a dynamometer test cell

2025-01-005405/05/2023

The recent shift in propulsion choice away from internal combustion engines has increased the relevance of sound and vibration from electric motors and gearboxes. Electrified beam axles require different metrics from conventional beam axles for noise and vibration because they have multiple sources of vibration energy, including an electric motor and sometimes multiple reduction gearsets. They also require different metrics from electric drive units because they have stiff suspension connections and lack significant isolation. Blocked force is a good candidate because it can completely characterize the vibration energy transmitted into a receiver and is especially useful because it is theoretically independent of the vehicle-side structure. While the blocked force methodology is not new, its application to beam axles is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper demonstrates a case study of blocked force measurement of an electrified beam axle from a battery electric medium

Shaw, Matthew D, Grimmer, Michael J

Pass-by noise comparison of two test facilities with vehicles operating in electric mode

2025-01-000505/05/2023

Outdoor test facilities for light vehicle exterior noise regulatory measurement need to have surfaces certified to meet ISO 10844. A recent study considered plug-in-hybrid vehicles operating purely in electric mode to compare results at two facilities, one in Japan and in the U.S. This emphasizes the pavement contribution. Overall results are generally similar, with a few differences which are discussed.

Sorenson, Steve, Shao, Guangxin

The DANA EV NVH Laboratory

2025-01-000705/05/2023

A cutting-edge EV powertrain NVH laboratory has been established at DANA Incorporation’s world headquarters in Maumee, enhancing their capabilities in EV powertrain NVH development. This state-of-the-art and industry lead laboratory is designed to meet various NVH requirements for EV powertrain development and sign-off processes. This laboratory supports the use of a live motor for input and is equipped with an input module that allows for detailed examination of NVH characteristics of new powertrain configurations before prototype motors are available, significantly reducing development time for new drivetrain systems. Key features of the laboratory include a hemi-anechoic chamber, two AC asynchronous load motors, an acoustically isolated high-speed input motor, and two battery emulators that cover both low and high voltage requirements. The NVH laboratory enables engineers to assess system performance and correlate it with digital twin models. DANA engineers can develop and optimize

Cheng, Ming-Te, Zugo, Chris

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Sustainable Rubber Hits the Road

1337902/03/2023

When the rubber hits the road, one tire company stands out among the rest. From raw material traceability to supply chain transparency, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is not only helping to do what's good for business, but what's good for the planet, too. Driven by an ambitious sustainability strategy, Goodyear has set goals to develop a tire made of 100% sustainable materials by 2030 and using only renewable energy in its manufacturing facilities and operations by 2040. The company is even working to develop a domestic source of natural rubber from a specific species of dandelion in collaboration with the Department of Defense, the Air Force Research Lab, BioMADE and Farmed Materials. To learn more about Goodyear's impressive sustainability journey, we sat down with Ellis Jones, Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer. He discusses the company's uniquely strong culture, the importance of working collaboratively with small farms, and the development of new sustainable tire

Hineman, Marcie

Faster Cool-Down of a Reefer Unit by Optimizing the System Losses through Experimental Investigation

2022-28-044211/09/2022

Refrigerated shipping containers are one of the four segments of the cold chain; cooling and storage; refrigerated transport; distribution centre and refrigerated display in super markets. The term reefer has become an established term to refer refrigerated shipping containers. It is one of the emerging areas in transport segments. With the onset of ongoing pandemic this area has further drawn global attention recently and due focus is being given to the development and improvement of reefer unit Hence with the growing demand in this field the energy consumption is also leapfrogging day by day. Primary energy sources (fossil fuel) are depleting and their environmental impact is raising anxiety around the world. In order to minimize unnecessary energy waste in refrigerated shipping container system, it needs to be designed to be energy efficient and provide high cooling capacity to ensure rapid pull down to carriage temperature and to maintain product quality at idle. Improper operation

Sen, Somnath

Locking Side Pull Hoist Ring

TBMG-46916

11/01/2022

Q&A

22AUTP10_1010/01/2022

In June 2022, Hyundai Motor America broke ground for its Safety Test and Investigation Laboratory (STIL), an industry-unique testing facility dedicated to root-cause crash investigations and electric vehicle/future-product analysis activities at its Michigan R&D campus west of Detroit. Not long after the $51.6-million STIL's inauguration, the company named Brian Latouf as its first-ever Global Chief Safety Officer to “integrate the engineering resources of Hyundai and HMNA by combining safety field investigations, safety data analysis and safety-engineering performance into a streamlined global technical function.” At the STIL groundbreaking, SAE Mobility Media editorial director Bill Visnic spoke with Latouf about Hyundai's crash-safety vision.

Allison's now open for hydrogen testing

22TOFHP10_0510/01/2022

With the atomic number 1, hydrogen is the lightest element in the Periodic Table, but it's rapidly becoming a heavyweight for the mobility future. Development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) and hydrogen-fueled combustion engines for commercial-vehicle use is driving demand for specialized testing and validation facilities. Allison Transmission is in the vanguard of this movement, recently launching a comprehensive hydrogen test capability at its 60,000-ft2 (5,575-m2) Vehicle Electrification + Environmental Test Center in Indianapolis. Prior to its official debut, SAE Media was provided an exclusive look at the new facility - which also includes compressed natural gas (CNG) testing - courtesy of David Proctor, the test center's general manager, and Tim Szilveszter, Allison's sales account manager.

Brooke, Lindsay

Design of a Laboratory Sampling System for Brake Wear Particle Measurements

2022-01-117909/19/2022

Brake wear is one of the dominant sources of traffic-related particulate matter emissions and is associated with various adverse environmental and health hazards. To address this issue, the UNECE mandated the Particle Measurement Program to develop a harmonized methodology for sampling and measuring brake wear particles with a full-flow dilution tunnel on a brake dynamometer. Here we present the design of a novel, fully PMP compliant sampling tunnel. The dimensions and general layout of the tunnel are based on minimization of super-micron particle losses and consideration of space limitations in brake-dynamometer setups as well as the need for efficient utilization of the test facilities (reduced testing times). Numerical calculations suggested that the critical section of the system is the sampling train from the sample probes to the instrumentation inlet/filter holder. An optimal sampling train flow of ~10 l/min was identified and formed the basis for the design of a dedicated PM

Mamakos, Athanasios, Huber, Michael Peter, Arndt, Michael, Reingruber, Herbert, Steiner, Gerald, Weidinger, Christoph

Virginia Tech College of Engineering

TBMG-4651109/01/2022

Founded in 1872, Virginia Tech is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, VA. From artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and manufacturing to health sciences, robotics, and more, the Virginia Tech College of Engineering offers an advanced engineering curriculum.

Estimation of Advisory Vehicle Speed For Low Curvatures Assuming Ideal Steering Behaviour

2022-01-111003/29/2022

In the current scenario, the vehicle is integrated with infotainment maps and a telematics module, which provide extensive information regarding the terrain, including the radii of curvature (R). The transportation authority had imposed stringent guidelines regarding the range of advisory vehicle speeds (AVS) (e.g. [15 25] MPH for R = 18.4m), but a unique value of AVS for a definite curvature is not recommended. The maximum allowable speeds for R = 8.34m (U-turn) is 6.7m/s (15mph), whereas for R = 42.57m (cloverleaf interchange) is 11.17m/s (25mph). Also, in the existing literature, the mathematical models developed to estimate the AVS does not include all the steering parameters [speed, RRC, yaw rate, lateral acceleration]. Therefore, in this article, the concept of Ideal Steering Behavior (ISB) was proposed, and driver behaviour vector (DBV) was utilised to adapt “human-like” driving to estimate a unique AVS for a definite R. The DBV was retrieved using the 2019 Cadillac Escalade

Jim, YaugerPresenter, Hay, Curtis L., Malik, Hafiz, Evans, Sally

Methodology and application on load monitoring using strain-gauged bolts in brake calipers

2022-01-112103/29/2022

As technology evolves, the number of sensors and available data on vehicles grow exponentially. In this context, it is essential to use sensors for monitoring key components, increasing safety and reliability, and gathering data useful for mechanical dimensioning and control systems. This paper presents an application of strain-gauged bolts brake calipers fixation of two electric vehicles. With this approach it was possible to obtain the loads applied to the brake pads and correlate them with braking behavior, therefore gaining insights on braking conditions and system state. The goal of the study is analyzing the strengths and limitations of the method and proposing developments to deploy it in real applications. This topic is particularly important and novel for electric vehicles, where powertrains can create positive and negative torques and generate complex interactions with braking system. Strain-gauges are a long-known technology applied in many fields, and its usage in bolts and

de Carvalho Pinheiro, Henrique, Sisca, Lorenzo, Carello, Massimiliana, Ferraris, Alessandro, Airale, Andrea Giancarlo, Falossi, Marco, Carlevaris, Alberto

Proving Ground Durability Test Schedule Development for Electrified Vehicle Drivelines using Virtual Simulations

2022-01-079003/29/2022

A new method is presented for developing proving ground durability tests for electrified vehicle (xEV) drivetrains. For xEVs, the durability tests must be able to capture the added driveline torques due to regenerative braking, customer battery charge/recharge usage, and battery power degradation over time. In terms of xEV duty cycle test schedule development, using actual vehicle data from specific proving ground test events might prove to be costly and time consuming. Furthermore, newer electrified prototype vehicles might not be available for trackside testing while still undergoing the design stage. The new method presented here aims to reduce the complexities of xEV proving ground duty cycle development with the use of a high-fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation model for electrified powertrains. The xEV model uses a mixture of forward (to predict speeds, given torque demands) and inverse dynamics (to predict torques, given constant speed requirements) to predict driveline

Mohamed, Richard, Salvatori, David, Ramakrishnan, Venkat, Magistrali, Stefano

Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Structural behavior of Truck Frame Rail Sections

2022-01-091403/29/2022

The sequence of manufacturing processes involved in the making of ladder shaped truck frame rail assembly leave certain amount of manufacturing and assembly imperfections in the form of plastic deformation and residual stresses in some areas of frame rail ‘C’ sections. The plastic deformation and the resulting residual stress should not be allowed to cross the safer limit as it would affect the structural behaviour of the frame rail while interacting with the externally induced loading stresses from extreme road operating conditions. If the combined stress level crosses the yield limit of the frame material, it may lead to premature failure of frame rail much before it gives the expected life. One such manufacturing induced premature failure in a truck frame rail assembly during proving ground trials was studied in detail using experimental analyses and presented in this paper. As part of this study, the local material crowding due to plastic deformation occurring at certain sections

K, Chinnaraj, KR, Balaji, Gopal, Gopi

Loading classification for fatigue design applied to automotive time-series

2022-01-029903/29/2022

This study focuses on variable amplitude loadings applied to automotive chassis parts experiencing carmaker’s specific proving grounds. They are measured with respect to time at the wheel centres and composed of the six forces and torques at each wheel, within the standard vehicle reference frame. In the scope of high cycle fatigue, the loadings considered are supposedly acting under the structure yield stress. Among the loadings encountered during the vehicle lifetime, two classes stand out: • Driven Road: loads measured during the vehicle manoeuvre (cornering, braking). • Random Road: random loads mainly coming from the road asperity. To separate both effects, a frequency decomposition method is proposed before applying any lifetime assessment methods. The usual rainflow counting method is applied to the Driven Road signal. These loadings, depending on the vehicle dynamic, are time-correlated. Thus, the load spectra is set only thanks to the vehicle accelerations time-measurement

Bellec, Enora, Doudard, Cédric, Facchinetti, Matteo, Calloch, Sylvain, Moyne, Sylvain

US EPA NVFEL Repeatable-Vehicle Program – Emission Lab Testing System Performance Quality Monitoring

2022-01-068903/29/2022

According to US FCR the vehicle emission testing system must be monitored and checked periodically, and NVFEL TATD has developed a quality control monitoring program named “Repeatable-Vehicle Program”, the current vehicle selected is a proper sized and featured sedan, so called RepCar. The vehicle emission lab cell test used a chassis dyno to simulate some road driving conditions, a CVS system to collect exhaust sample and analyzed by a group of chemical benches. The testing condition is satisfied the FCR requirement and controlled during the testing procedure. A specific driving cycle including two phases was designed to evaluate vehicle power system at different speed load performance and measurement instruments accuracy under different concentration range. The phase1 is modified FTP505, phase2 is the most aggressive part of US06, and at the end of phase2 driving trace had a 30-second constant 75 mph cruising followed by a coast down. The RepCar equipped a data logger recording few

Tang, Xiaoguo

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Test Tracks of Reality: Applied Intuition and the Simulated Road, Warehouse and Port

1318101/20/2022

What if you could test hundreds of thousands of traffic and road scenarios before your autonomous vehicles ever even touched asphalt? Imagine billions of miles and an untold number of road events encountered in the virtual world before your car or truck even left the factory floor. Talk about a head start when it comes to safety and efficiency. Using a comprehensive suite of products created from the best practices in software development, the minds at Applied Intuition work with clients to design virtual test environments that simulate everything the road can throw at them. They are creating a world where software-enabled vehicles are an integral part of society across all industries where there are vehicles - roads, yes, but also factories and ports as well. In this episode of SAE Tomorrow Today, Qasar Younis, Co-Founder and CEO, and Peter Ludwig, Co-Founder and CTO of Applied Intuition, discussed how they're combining Detroit engineering know-how with Silicon Valley digital

Hineman, Marcie

Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) Thick

AMS2630E (Current)

11/09/2021

This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.

AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee