Browse Topic: Test facilities

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Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement2024-01-335604/23/2025
ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative analysis and comparison of fuel economy and performance of a series hybrid electric HMMWV (High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) military vehicle with a conventional HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking. In this paper, a methodology is presented by which the fuel economy gains due to optimized engine are isolated from the fuel economy gains due to regenerative braking. Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking of the hybrid HMMWV is analyzed in terms of efficiency from the kinetic energy at the wheels to the portion of regenerative power which is retrievable by the battery. The engine operation of both the series hybrid and conventional HMMWV are analyzed using a 2-D bin analysis methodology. Finally, the vehicle model is used to make
Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus
Technical Paper
3D-Printed Reactor Core Makes Solar Fuel Production More EfficientTBMG-5219312/01/2024
In recent years, engineers at ETH Zurich have developed the technology to produce liquid fuels from sunlight and air. In 2019, they demonstrated the entire thermochemical process chain under real conditions for the first time, in the middle of Zurich, on the roof of ETH Machine Laboratory. These synthetic solar fuels are carbon neutral because they release only as much CO2 during their combustion as was drawn from the air for their production. Two ETH spin-offs, Climeworks and Synhelion, are further developing and commercializing the technologies.
Magazine Article
Scientists Fuse Simulations and Machine Learning to Accelerate Novel Additively Manufactured MaterialsTBMG-5212712/01/2024
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, have demonstrated a novel approach for applying machine learning to predict microstructures produced by a widely used additive manufacturing technique. Their approach promises to dramatically reduce the time and cost of developing materials with tailored physical properties and will soon be implemented on a NASA-funded effort focused on creation of a digital twin.
Magazine Article
Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement2024-01-3356-TEST-REC11/15/2024
ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative analysis and comparison of fuel economy and performance of a series hybrid electric HMMWV (High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) military vehicle with a conventional HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking. In this paper, a methodology is presented by which the fuel economy gains due to optimized engine are isolated from the fuel economy gains due to regenerative braking. Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking of the hybrid HMMWV is analyzed in terms of efficiency from the kinetic energy at the wheels to the portion of regenerative power which is retrievable by the battery. The engine operation of both the series hybrid and conventional HMMWV are analyzed using a 2-D bin analysis methodology. Finally, the vehicle model is used to make
Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus
Technical Paper
Accelerated Lab Test facility for NRS Leaf Spring bracket for HCV Application2024-26-034401/16/2024
In the modern automotive sector, durability and reliability are the most common terms. Customers are expecting a highly reliable product but at low cost. Any product that fails within its useful life leads to customer dissatisfaction and affects the reputation of the OEM. To eradicate this, all automotive components undergo stringent validation protocol, either in proving ground or in lab. This paper tails on developing an accelerated lab test methodology for NRS leaf spring bracket by simulating field failure. Initially, potential failure causes for spring bracket were analyzed. Road load data was then acquired at proving ground and customer site to evaluate the damage on the spring bracket. To simulate the field failure, lab test facility was developed, reproducing similar boundary conditions as in vehicle. Field failure was simulated with the existing design samples and Improved design of spring bracket was validated in the same test conditions and compared with the life of existing
G, Manthiramoorthy
Technical Paper
Application of blocked force methodology to an electrified beam axle from a medium-duty truck in vehicle and in a dynamometer test cell2025-01-005405/05/2023
The recent shift in propulsion choice away from internal combustion engines has increased the relevance of sound and vibration from electric motors and gearboxes. Electrified beam axles require different metrics from conventional beam axles for noise and vibration because they have multiple sources of vibration energy, including an electric motor and sometimes multiple reduction gearsets. They also require different metrics from electric drive units because they have stiff suspension connections and lack significant isolation. Blocked force is a good candidate because it can completely characterize the vibration energy transmitted into a receiver and is especially useful because it is theoretically independent of the vehicle-side structure. While the blocked force methodology is not new, its application to beam axles is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper demonstrates a case study of blocked force measurement of an electrified beam axle from a battery electric medium
Shaw, Matthew D, Grimmer, Michael J
Technical Paper
Pass-by noise comparison of two test facilities with vehicles operating in electric mode2025-01-000505/05/2023
Outdoor test facilities for light vehicle exterior noise regulatory measurement need to have surfaces certified to meet ISO 10844. A recent study considered plug-in-hybrid vehicles operating purely in electric mode to compare results at two facilities, one in Japan and in the U.S. This emphasizes the pavement contribution. Overall results are generally similar, with a few differences which are discussed.
Sorenson, Steve, Shao, Guangxin
Technical Paper
Acoustic characterization of AC motor using sound intensity in standard laboratory environments2025-01-001005/05/2023
Sound power is commonly used metric to quantify acoustic sources like AC motor in electrified powertrain. This testing is often performed in an anechoic environment to create free-field conditions around the unit. To eliminate the influence of extraneous noise sources, the anechoic facilities must be further isolated from driver and absorber dynamometers. These dynamometers are needed for running the AC motors in the desired speed and load conditions. For early detection of potential issues, it is advantageous to have the capability for engineers to conduct acoustic tests in standard laboratory environments. These may include non-acoustically treated rooms, presence of extraneous noise sources (e.g., driver and absorber dynos), etc. In such environments, sound intensity-based sound power determination methods could be utilized. The sound intensity-based approach is covered in ISO 9614 standard. The norm is to sweep an intensity probe on a sound source in constant speed condition to
Kumar, Aditya, Ippili, Rajani
Technical Paper
The DANA EV NVH Laboratory2025-01-000705/05/2023
A cutting-edge EV powertrain NVH laboratory has been established at DANA Incorporation’s world headquarters in Maumee, enhancing their capabilities in EV powertrain NVH development. This state-of-the-art and industry lead laboratory is designed to meet various NVH requirements for EV powertrain development and sign-off processes. This laboratory supports the use of a live motor for input and is equipped with an input module that allows for detailed examination of NVH characteristics of new powertrain configurations before prototype motors are available, significantly reducing development time for new drivetrain systems. Key features of the laboratory include a hemi-anechoic chamber, two AC asynchronous load motors, an acoustically isolated high-speed input motor, and two battery emulators that cover both low and high voltage requirements. The NVH laboratory enables engineers to assess system performance and correlate it with digital twin models. DANA engineers can develop and optimize
Cheng, Ming-Te, Zugo, Chris
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Sustainable Rubber Hits the Road1337902/03/2023
When the rubber hits the road, one tire company stands out among the rest. From raw material traceability to supply chain transparency, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is not only helping to do what's good for business, but what's good for the planet, too. Driven by an ambitious sustainability strategy, Goodyear has set goals to develop a tire made of 100% sustainable materials by 2030 and using only renewable energy in its manufacturing facilities and operations by 2040. The company is even working to develop a domestic source of natural rubber from a specific species of dandelion in collaboration with the Department of Defense, the Air Force Research Lab, BioMADE and Farmed Materials. To learn more about Goodyear's impressive sustainability journey, we sat down with Ellis Jones, Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer. He discusses the company's uniquely strong culture, the importance of working collaboratively with small farms, and the development of new sustainable tire
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Faster Cool-Down of a Reefer Unit by Optimizing the System Losses through Experimental Investigation2022-28-044211/09/2022
Refrigerated shipping containers are one of the four segments of the cold chain; cooling and storage; refrigerated transport; distribution centre and refrigerated display in super markets. The term reefer has become an established term to refer refrigerated shipping containers. It is one of the emerging areas in transport segments. With the onset of ongoing pandemic this area has further drawn global attention recently and due focus is being given to the development and improvement of reefer unit Hence with the growing demand in this field the energy consumption is also leapfrogging day by day. Primary energy sources (fossil fuel) are depleting and their environmental impact is raising anxiety around the world. In order to minimize unnecessary energy waste in refrigerated shipping container system, it needs to be designed to be energy efficient and provide high cooling capacity to ensure rapid pull down to carriage temperature and to maintain product quality at idle. Improper operation
Sen, Somnath
Technical Paper
Locking Side Pull Hoist RingTBMG-4691611/01/2022
null, null
Magazine Article
Allison's now open for hydrogen testing22TOFHP10_0510/01/2022
With the atomic number 1, hydrogen is the lightest element in the Periodic Table, but it's rapidly becoming a heavyweight for the mobility future. Development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) and hydrogen-fueled combustion engines for commercial-vehicle use is driving demand for specialized testing and validation facilities. Allison Transmission is in the vanguard of this movement, recently launching a comprehensive hydrogen test capability at its 60,000-ft2 (5,575-m2) Vehicle Electrification + Environmental Test Center in Indianapolis. Prior to its official debut, SAE Media was provided an exclusive look at the new facility - which also includes compressed natural gas (CNG) testing - courtesy of David Proctor, the test center's general manager, and Tim Szilveszter, Allison's sales account manager.
Brooke, Lindsay
Magazine Article
Q&A22AUTP10_1010/01/2022
In June 2022, Hyundai Motor America broke ground for its Safety Test and Investigation Laboratory (STIL), an industry-unique testing facility dedicated to root-cause crash investigations and electric vehicle/future-product analysis activities at its Michigan R&D campus west of Detroit. Not long after the $51.6-million STIL's inauguration, the company named Brian Latouf as its first-ever Global Chief Safety Officer to “integrate the engineering resources of Hyundai and HMNA by combining safety field investigations, safety data analysis and safety-engineering performance into a streamlined global technical function.” At the STIL groundbreaking, SAE Mobility Media editorial director Bill Visnic spoke with Latouf about Hyundai's crash-safety vision.
Magazine Article
Design of a Laboratory Sampling System for Brake Wear Particle Measurements2022-01-117909/19/2022
Brake wear is one of the dominant sources of traffic-related particulate matter emissions and is associated with various adverse environmental and health hazards. To address this issue, the UNECE mandated the Particle Measurement Program to develop a harmonized methodology for sampling and measuring brake wear particles with a full-flow dilution tunnel on a brake dynamometer. Here we present the design of a novel, fully PMP compliant sampling tunnel. The dimensions and general layout of the tunnel are based on minimization of super-micron particle losses and consideration of space limitations in brake-dynamometer setups as well as the need for efficient utilization of the test facilities (reduced testing times). Numerical calculations suggested that the critical section of the system is the sampling train from the sample probes to the instrumentation inlet/filter holder. An optimal sampling train flow of ~10 l/min was identified and formed the basis for the design of a dedicated PM
Mamakos, Athanasios, Huber, Michael Peter, Arndt, Michael, Reingruber, Herbert, Steiner, Gerald, Weidinger, Christoph
Technical Paper
Shaping Light Enables 2D Microscopes to Capture 4D DataTBMG-4598406/01/2022
Super temporal resolution microscopy allows imaging of fluorescent molecules 20 times faster than traditional lab cameras normally allow. A general method has been developed to let a microscope capture 3D spatial information along with the fourth dimension: molecular movement over time. This will help scientists who study dynamic processes view where molecules of interest are located and how fast they move; for example, within living cells.
Magazine Article
Methodology and application on load monitoring using strain-gauged bolts in brake calipers2022-01-112103/29/2022
As technology evolves, the number of sensors and available data on vehicles grow exponentially. In this context, it is essential to use sensors for monitoring key components, increasing safety and reliability, and gathering data useful for mechanical dimensioning and control systems. This paper presents an application of strain-gauged bolts brake calipers fixation of two electric vehicles. With this approach it was possible to obtain the loads applied to the brake pads and correlate them with braking behavior, therefore gaining insights on braking conditions and system state. The goal of the study is analyzing the strengths and limitations of the method and proposing developments to deploy it in real applications. This topic is particularly important and novel for electric vehicles, where powertrains can create positive and negative torques and generate complex interactions with braking system. Strain-gauges are a long-known technology applied in many fields, and its usage in bolts and
de Carvalho Pinheiro, Henrique, Sisca, Lorenzo, Carello, Massimiliana, Ferraris, Alessandro, Airale, Andrea Giancarlo, Falossi, Marco, Carlevaris, Alberto
Technical Paper
Estimation of Advisory Vehicle Speed For Low Curvatures Assuming Ideal Steering Behaviour2022-01-111003/29/2022
In the current scenario, the vehicle is integrated with infotainment maps and a telematics module, which provide extensive information regarding the terrain, including the radii of curvature (R). The transportation authority had imposed stringent guidelines regarding the range of advisory vehicle speeds (AVS) (e.g. [15 25] MPH for R = 18.4m), but a unique value of AVS for a definite curvature is not recommended. The maximum allowable speeds for R = 8.34m (U-turn) is 6.7m/s (15mph), whereas for R = 42.57m (cloverleaf interchange) is 11.17m/s (25mph). Also, in the existing literature, the mathematical models developed to estimate the AVS does not include all the steering parameters [speed, RRC, yaw rate, lateral acceleration]. Therefore, in this article, the concept of Ideal Steering Behavior (ISB) was proposed, and driver behaviour vector (DBV) was utilised to adapt “human-like” driving to estimate a unique AVS for a definite R. The DBV was retrieved using the 2019 Cadillac Escalade
Jim, YaugerPresenter, Hay, Curtis L., Malik, Hafiz, Evans, Sally
Technical Paper
Proving Ground Durability Test Schedule Development for Electrified Vehicle Drivelines using Virtual Simulations2022-01-079003/29/2022
A new method is presented for developing proving ground durability tests for electrified vehicle (xEV) drivetrains. For xEVs, the durability tests must be able to capture the added driveline torques due to regenerative braking, customer battery charge/recharge usage, and battery power degradation over time. In terms of xEV duty cycle test schedule development, using actual vehicle data from specific proving ground test events might prove to be costly and time consuming. Furthermore, newer electrified prototype vehicles might not be available for trackside testing while still undergoing the design stage. The new method presented here aims to reduce the complexities of xEV proving ground duty cycle development with the use of a high-fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation model for electrified powertrains. The xEV model uses a mixture of forward (to predict speeds, given torque demands) and inverse dynamics (to predict torques, given constant speed requirements) to predict driveline
Mohamed, Richard, Salvatori, David, Ramakrishnan, Venkat, Magistrali, Stefano
Technical Paper
Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Structural behavior of Truck Frame Rail Sections2022-01-091403/29/2022
The sequence of manufacturing processes involved in the making of ladder shaped truck frame rail assembly leave certain amount of manufacturing and assembly imperfections in the form of plastic deformation and residual stresses in some areas of frame rail ‘C’ sections. The plastic deformation and the resulting residual stress should not be allowed to cross the safer limit as it would affect the structural behaviour of the frame rail while interacting with the externally induced loading stresses from extreme road operating conditions. If the combined stress level crosses the yield limit of the frame material, it may lead to premature failure of frame rail much before it gives the expected life. One such manufacturing induced premature failure in a truck frame rail assembly during proving ground trials was studied in detail using experimental analyses and presented in this paper. As part of this study, the local material crowding due to plastic deformation occurring at certain sections
K, Chinnaraj, KR, Balaji, Gopal, Gopi
Technical Paper
Loading classification for fatigue design applied to automotive time-series2022-01-029903/29/2022
This study focuses on variable amplitude loadings applied to automotive chassis parts experiencing carmaker’s specific proving grounds. They are measured with respect to time at the wheel centres and composed of the six forces and torques at each wheel, within the standard vehicle reference frame. In the scope of high cycle fatigue, the loadings considered are supposedly acting under the structure yield stress. Among the loadings encountered during the vehicle lifetime, two classes stand out: • Driven Road: loads measured during the vehicle manoeuvre (cornering, braking). • Random Road: random loads mainly coming from the road asperity. To separate both effects, a frequency decomposition method is proposed before applying any lifetime assessment methods. The usual rainflow counting method is applied to the Driven Road signal. These loadings, depending on the vehicle dynamic, are time-correlated. Thus, the load spectra is set only thanks to the vehicle accelerations time-measurement
Bellec, Enora, Doudard, Cédric, Facchinetti, Matteo, Calloch, Sylvain, Moyne, Sylvain
Technical Paper
US EPA NVFEL Repeatable-Vehicle Program – Emission Lab Testing System Performance Quality Monitoring2022-01-068903/29/2022
According to US FCR the vehicle emission testing system must be monitored and checked periodically, and NVFEL TATD has developed a quality control monitoring program named “Repeatable-Vehicle Program”, the current vehicle selected is a proper sized and featured sedan, so called RepCar. The vehicle emission lab cell test used a chassis dyno to simulate some road driving conditions, a CVS system to collect exhaust sample and analyzed by a group of chemical benches. The testing condition is satisfied the FCR requirement and controlled during the testing procedure. A specific driving cycle including two phases was designed to evaluate vehicle power system at different speed load performance and measurement instruments accuracy under different concentration range. The phase1 is modified FTP505, phase2 is the most aggressive part of US06, and at the end of phase2 driving trace had a 30-second constant 75 mph cruising followed by a coast down. The RepCar equipped a data logger recording few
Tang, Xiaoguo
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Test Tracks of Reality: Applied Intuition and the Simulated Road, Warehouse and Port1318101/20/2022
What if you could test hundreds of thousands of traffic and road scenarios before your autonomous vehicles ever even touched asphalt? Imagine billions of miles and an untold number of road events encountered in the virtual world before your car or truck even left the factory floor. Talk about a head start when it comes to safety and efficiency. Using a comprehensive suite of products created from the best practices in software development, the minds at Applied Intuition work with clients to design virtual test environments that simulate everything the road can throw at them. They are creating a world where software-enabled vehicles are an integral part of society across all industries where there are vehicles - roads, yes, but also factories and ports as well. In this episode of SAE Tomorrow Today, Qasar Younis, Co-Founder and CEO, and Peter Ludwig, Co-Founder and CTO of Applied Intuition, discussed how they're combining Detroit engineering know-how with Silicon Valley digital
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) ThickAMS2630E-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Material Specification
Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) ThickAMS2630E (Current)11/09/2021
This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Material Specification
TEST METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTIPURPOSE BRACKET VALIDATION FOR HCV APPLICATION2021-26-046709/22/2021
In the modern automotive sector, durability and reliability are two terms of utmost importance and relevance. The ever improving standards and cut throat competition has led to customers expecting highly reliable products at low costs. Any product that fails within its useful life leads to customer dissatisfaction and affects the OEM’s reputation. To eradicate this, all automotive components undergo stringent validation protocol, either in proving ground or in lab. The multipurpose bracket is one of the most important and critical aggregate in the vehicle assembly. It encompasses various mounting components such as FUPD bracket, steering mounting bracket, front spring front bracket, cab mount bracket, cab tilt cylinder mounting bracket, front cross member, footstep bracket, FSM and bumper. All these components experience various degrees of vibration and fatigue during its running period. The multipurpose bracket has to be designed and tested to withstand these multi-dimensional forces
G, Manthiramoorthy, K, Karthick, N, Gopi Kannan, Narasimman, Obuli Karthikeyan, R, Suresh
Technical Paper
Component S/N Curve Testing Methodology for Exhaust System Validation2021-26-045109/22/2021
The exhaust system design and development needs to be more flexible and easily adaptable for the dynamic changes with the introduction of new emission and noise regulations. Conventionally, bending moment testing is used to validate significant components like inlet and outlet pipe/cone joints and bend pipes through Bi-Ax test rig. Road load re-production test is an improvement of the conventional approach to predict component durability. However, it is more time consuming and involves the sequential process of acquiring road load data such as sensor instrumentation, strain measurement at the test track, data processing and input to Bi-Ax testing. S/N Curve testing is introduced recently as an alternate method to minimize the use of RLDA. It can be done upfront during vehicle unavailability and other challenging conditions and also as a parallel activity along with RLDA. Our objective is to show the simulation and validation process of Component S/N Curve testing with a LNT+DPF system
Rajadurai, Sivanandi, Natarajan, Suresh, Srivatsan, Rajesh, Sivalingam, Ananth
Technical Paper
Front Axle Kingpin Bush - Evaluation of Wear Rate in Operating Conditions2021-26-047309/22/2021
In automobiles, front axle assembly is a main load bearing member and houses steering linkages. Front axle assembly has two main parts viz. axle beam and axle arm, interconnected by a kingpin. This kingpin allows the rotation of axle arm during steering events. To avoid metal to metal contact between axle arm and kingpin, bushes are housed on the top and bottom half of the axle arm & in axle beam. Due to radial load and steering rotation, as a weak member, bushes will wear out faster. This affects the proper functioning of steering mechanism. Hence, the bushes need to be evaluated prior to its implementation in vehicle. In general, bushes are evaluated using Pin-On-Disc test as a comparative study, but it does not simulate exact boundary conditions as in vehicle. Next option is vehicle level validation but leads to more lead time and testing cost. Hence, as an optimized solution, the same vehicle operating conditions can be replicated in component level testing. Considering the
Bakthavachalam, Sathish Kumar, N, Gopi Kannan, Narasimman, Obuli Karthikeyan, R, Suresh
Technical Paper
Coastdown Road Load Coefficients of Passenger Vehicles – Variation Analysis and its Correlation with Temperature2021-26-048709/22/2021
Road Load parameters (rolling resistance & aerodynamic drag) of a vehicle have strong impact on overall Vehicle Emissions & Fuel Economy. The road load coefficients are simulated on chassis dynamometer to carryout emission & fuel economy measurement and are hence required to be found beforehand. A realistic measure of road load parameters can be obtained by conducting a coastdown test. Coastdown test results are hugely impacted by various environmental parameters like ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed etc. Though performed in standard boundary conditions, results of multiple tests performed on a vehicle vary from one another due to variations in the mentioned environmental parameters over & above standard test to test variation. This paper aims at studying the variation in test results due to ambient temperature as one of the parameters responsible. For this study, road load coefficients from more than 100 coastdown tests conducted on oval test track for almost 30
Kuhar, Saurabhh, Pattalwar, Ashutosh, Gupta, Parveen
Technical Paper
Aerodynamic performance prediction using a novel approach of Ansys Mosaic mesh & revolutionary GEKO turbulence model, and application of Adjoint Solver for aerodynamic Optimisation of a car2021-26-035309/22/2021
In the present scenario, wherein the cost of transportation is continuously increasing, achieving optimum fuel efficiency is key area of focus for many Automotive OEMs. Aerodynamic drag is prominent form of resistance any vehicle encounters while it is in motion, and this particularly increases at higher speeds and overtakes all other forms of resistive forces acting on vehicle. Hence, predicting and improving aerodynamic performance of a car forms a very important aspect in overall product design cycle. Engineers and designers around the world try different methods for predicting and improving the aerodynamics of a car, including rigorous wind tunnel & test track testing. However, in our current paper, we will be discussing a novel approach to predict and improve the aerodynamics drag for an academic test vehicle (Ford-Ka) model. The paper will contain two sections, first section will showcase usage of a new meshing technology, Mosaic Mesh, and a revolutionary breakthrough turbulence
Patil, Tushar, Patil, Vivek
Technical Paper
Virtual simulation method to predict farm tractor durability load cycles for proving ground tests2021-26-009709/22/2021
Agriculture machinery industries have always relied on conventional product development process such as laboratory tests, accelerated durability track tests and field tests. Now a days the competitive nature seen in industry concerns need to enhance product quality, time to market and development cost. Utilization of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods not only provide solution but also could play key role in tractor development process. The objective is to assess the performance of virtual simulation model of mid segment farm tractor using Multibody System Model (MBS) for predicting the durability loads on virtual proving ground test tracks. Multibody simulation software MSC ADAMS is used to develop a virtual tractor model. Durability test tracks and simulation is carried out as per company testing standards. Data measurement is done using Wheel force Transducer (WFT) to study front and rear spindle forces and moments to evaluate the virtual model performance. Spindle vertical
Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, N, Balaramakrishna, Londhe, Abhijit, Redkar, Dinesh, Arun, G
Technical Paper
Reliability Program StandardJA1000_202108 (Current)08/10/2021
This SAE standard establishes the requirement for suppliers to plan a reliability program that satisfies the following three requirements: a The supplier shall ascertain customer requirements b The supplier shall meet customer requirements c The supplier shall assure that customer requirements have been met
G-41 Reliability
Recommended Practice
Flexible Organic PhotovoltaicsTBMG-3960908/01/2021
Organic solar cells rely on carbon-based materials including polymers — as opposed to hard, inorganic materials like silicon — to capture sunlight and translate it into current. Organics are also thin, lightweight, semi-transparent, and inexpensive. While commercial silicon-based solar cells perform at about 22 percent efficiency, organics top out at around 15 percent.
Magazine Article
Inspection, Ultrasonic, Wrought Metals, Process forAMSSTD2154E-TEST-REC (Historical)07/15/2021
The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform methods for the ultrasonic inspection of wrought metals and wrought metal products.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Material Specification
Inspection, Ultrasonic, Wrought Metals, Process forAMSSTD2154E (Current)07/15/2021
The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform methods for the ultrasonic inspection of wrought metals and wrought metal products.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Material Specification
Horiba MIRA's Vision for World-Class AV Testing21AVEP03_0703/01/2021
A new autonomous vehicle development center called Assured CAV boasts a lengthy list of assets and capabilities. It is a bold company that uses the description “globally unique,” but that's the label engineering research and test provider Horiba MIRA has attached to its new AV development center. Called Assured CAV (connected/automated vehicle), it is scheduled to formally open in March 2021. The new complex is designed to cover multiple autonomous vehicle (AV) validation, verification and research, ranging from high-speed, at-the-limit controllability on its highway system, to automated valet parking in a multi-story facility. Its city section offers urban and suburban environments. There is a 5G mobile private network supported by Vodafone, an extensive digital replicas portfolio to help enable scaled technology, and robotic targets and junction layouts to meet ADAS protocols. The Assured CAV facility has been designed to incorporate the world's most advanced infrastructure and
Birch, Stuart
Magazine Article
Reconfigurable Electronics Based on Multiferroics and Nanomagnetism21AERP02_0902/01/2021
Research could lead to the development of new materials with large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling for next-generation multifunctional devices, including, multi-state (neuromorphic-like) circuits and memories, and E-field tunable microwave resonators for secure communications. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials with high exchange represent a missing “holy grail” of materials physics. To combine polarization and magnetization in the same solid is nothing short of actually controlling the fundamental nature of electromagnetism in matter. Although magnetoelectricity (ME) is an intrinsic phenomenon in some natural materials at low temperature, such single-phase materials suffer from an extremely weak ME exchange. In contrast, composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases can feature dramatically larger ME coefficients. This proposed program focuses on achieving the disruptive potential of emerging multifunctional
Magazine Article
Reconfigurable Electronics Based on Multiferroics and NanomagnetismTBMG-3853902/01/2021
Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials with high exchange represent a missing “holy grail” of materials physics. To combine polarization and magnetization in the same solid is nothing short of actually controlling the fundamental nature of electromagnetism in matter. Although magneto-electricity (ME) is an intrinsic phenomenon in some natural materials at low temperature, such single-phase materials suffer from an extremely weak ME exchange.
Magazine Article
Biocontainment Unit for Virus-Sized ParticlesTBMG-3833201/01/2021
Researchers have created an individual biocontainment unit (IBU) that uses negative pressure to suction the air from around a patient and filter out viral particles. This prevents environmental contamination and limits exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In addition to guarding against COVID-19, the IBU could be rapidly deployed to isolate patients with any respiratory illness such as influenza, MERS, or tuberculosis.
Magazine Article
Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”TBMG-3823812/01/2020
Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at midlatitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application.
Magazine Article
Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”20AERP12_0612/01/2020
Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at mid-latitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application. “Previous methods to observe these structures were insufficient for identifying and tracking these structures over large regions,” said Ken Obenberger, research physicist at AFRL. “It would be advantageous to actively identify where these structures are, where they are going, and how dense they are and we thought we could find a better way.”
Magazine Article
Design of New Piezoelectric Composites Using Nanocellulose20AERP12_1012/01/2020
Using cellulose crystals as building blocks for the design and development of new low-density functional polymer composites. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia This research project focused on cellulose crystals as building blocks for the design and development of new low-density functional polymer composites. Although the piezoelectricity of cellulose has been predicted from its noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, it has not been measured accurately, nor has cellulose been properly exploited as a piezoelectric material. If it is proven, it could enable novel low-density electroactive materials capable of surpassing the performance of the best synthetic piezoelectric polymer such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). To fulfill this objective, a systematic study was required to judiciously manipulate dipoles of individual cellulose nanocrystals to produce polar ordering at the macroscale and accurately characterize the nano-to-mesoscale structural ordering and
Magazine Article
Configuration Control for Maintaining Correlation of Gas Turbine Engine Test CellsARP6028A (Current)10/21/2020
The FAA has issued Advisory Circular, AC43-207, that recommends re-correlation, trending or period checks. The FAA, AC43-207 bases their recommendation on ARP741. This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the configuration control requirements to maintain test cell correlation status. This is necessary to maintain performance measurement integrity, particularly when correlation approval is achieved by statistical trending. The configuration of a test facility that exists at the time when a correlation is being carried out should be "base lined" as a condition of correlation approval acceptance, and, be maintained during the time period that the respective correlation approval lasts. This defines test facility configuration control. This is due to the fact that a change in configuration may have the potential to change the established correlation factors and measured engine performance. If such a change occurs then this should be judged by the respective OEMs or
EG-1E Gas Turbine Test Facilities and Equipment
Recommended Practice
Determining When to Outsource Your Medical Device TestingTBMG-3784110/01/2020
As manufacturers continue to work hard bringing medical devices and supplies to market, they are facing not only the challenges of pressing regulatory timelines but also disrupted operations due to the pandemic. The recent EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) extension may feel like a relief to project timelines but be aware of congestion and capacity constraints across the board — from production to approval. Industry experts are urging manufacturers to complete testing as soon as possible to avoid costly and time-consuming barriers.
Magazine Article
Algorithm Protects Networks by Detecting Adversarial ActionsTBMG-3780310/01/2020
Researchers developed a novel algorithm to protect networks by allowing for the detection of adversarial actions that can be missed by current analytical methods. A higher-order network could look for subtle changes in a stream of data that could point to suspicious activity.
Magazine Article
Quantum Error Correction MethodTBMG-3765509/01/2020
An Army project devised a novel approach for quantum error correction that could provide a key step toward quantum computing that would enable the military to potentially solve previously intractable problems or deploy sensors with higher magnetic and electric field sensitivities. The approach, developed by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Army funding, could mitigate certain types of the random fluctuations, or noise, that are a longstanding barrier to quantum computing. These random fluctuations can eradicate the data stored in such devices.
Magazine Article
Electronic Diodes Demonstrate Performance Beyond 5GTBMG-3764209/01/2020
Researchers have developed a new gallium nitride-based electrical component called a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) with performance beyond the anticipated speed of 5G. The RTDs compare well in both frequency and output power to RTDs of different materials. The diodes enable extremely fast transport of electrons to take advantage of a phenomenon called quantum tunneling. In this tunneling, electrons create current by moving through physical barriers, taking advantage of their ability to behave as both particles and waves.
Magazine Article
Correlational Analysis of Speech Intelligibility Tests and Metrics for Speech Transmission20AERP08_0908/01/2020
Analysis of the common methods of evaluating the quality and limitations of speech could serve as a resource for users of standard speech intelligibility measurement methods. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Speech is a form of language (communication code) that uses vocally produced sounds to convey thoughts, meanings, and feelings. To communicate by speech, speech sounds must be both produced and perceived. Speech production refers to the process by which predetermined vocalized sounds are produced by the talker and organized in sequences forming communication signals. Speech perception is the process by which the listener is able to hear and interpret (understand) the message encoded in the speech signals. The effective design and use of audio communication systems requires some knowledge of the physical properties of speech and the rules that govern the human perception of speech. The two main physical descriptors of speech signal are its sound intensity
Magazine Article
Correlational Analysis of Speech Intelligibility Tests and Metrics for Speech TransmissionTBMG-3737508/01/2020
Speech is a form of language (communication code) that uses vocally produced sounds to convey thoughts, meanings, and feelings. To communicate by speech, speech sounds must be both produced and perceived. Speech production refers to the process by which predetermined vocalized sounds are produced by the talker and organized in sequences forming communication signals. Speech perception is the process by which the listener is able to hear and interpret (understand) the message encoded in the speech signals.
Magazine Article
SAE STANDARDS NEWS20AUTP08_0507/01/2020
The best part of my job as editor of SAE Standards News is engaging with the various committee members who volunteer their time for the good of industry, and the SAE staffers who support them. All have a focus and enthusiasm for their work that's essentially unique in the industry. A recent highlight was collaborating with the SAE J3300 Driving Skills Committee, whose four-year effort has produced the first-ever global driving skills certification standard. The new SAE J3300 is aimed at professional drivers but also is available for the public. It serves as a foundation to certify fundamental driving skill levels and can be used by those pro drivers seeking employment or other professional activity. The certification levels have long been in demand by test facilities, vehicle-development teams and other organizations.
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