Browse Topic: Inspections

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Development of a New Methodology for Measuring the Dimensions of Lighting Components in Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEVs) as per IS/ISO 12509:2004 using 3-Dimensional Planar Laser.2026-26-0145To be published on 01/16/2026
The light and light signalling devices installation test as per ISO 12509:2004 for Earth Moving Machinery / Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEV’s) is a mandatory test to ensure the safety of both road users and operators. Considering the shape and size of CEV’s, accurate measurement of lighting installation requirements is crucial for ensuring safety and regulatory compliance. The international standard ISO 12509:2004 specifies detailed criteria for these installations, including precise dimensional measurements of lighting components to guarantee optimal visibility and safety. Considering shape and Size of CEV’s, the accurate measurement of lighting installation requirements is crucial for regulatory compliance. ISO 12509:2004 outlines specific criteria for these installations requirements of lighting components, including the precise measurement of various dimensions to ensure optimal visibility and safety. Among these dimensional requirements, the dimension 'E' i.e., the “distance
Ghodke, Dhananjay Sunil, Belavadi Venkataramaiah, Shamsundara, Tambolkar, Sonali Ameya
Hard Anodic Coating of Magnesium AlloysAMS2466D (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers the requirements for a hard anodic coating on magnesium alloys.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Hard Anodic Coating on Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysAMS2469J (Current)12/08/2025
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Guidelines for Repair Process Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Composite Bonded StructureAIR6292 (Current)11/26/2025
The SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to be used as a process verification guide for evaluating implementation of key factors in bonded repair of fiber reinforced composite structure in a repair shop environment. The guide will be used in conjunction with a regulatory approved and substantiated repair, and is intended to promote consistency and reliability.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Guidelines for Repair Process Evaluation of Aluminum Bonded StructureAIR6291A (Current)11/26/2025
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to be used as a process verification guide for evaluating implementation of key factors in repair of metal bond parts or assemblies in a repair shop environment. This guide is to be used in conjunction with a regulatory approved and substantiated repair, and is intended to promote consistency and reliability.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 54Co - 25.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 7.5W, As-CastAMS5382L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 50.5Co - 26Cr - 15Ni - 6.0Mo, As-CastAMS5380H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Investment Castings 73ni - 12cr - 4.5mo - 2.0cb - 0.70ti - 0.05c - 6.0al - 0.010b - 0.10zr, Vacuum Cast, As-CastAMS5377H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
NASA’s Inspection Technology for Spacecraft Tests Quality of Seacraft HullsTBMG-5222312/05/2024
Shipbuilders didn’t have the option of fiberglass when the nonprofit American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) was established 160 years ago to help safeguard life and property on the seas. Fortunately, technology to help better ensure the safety of ocean vessels has also come a long way in that time, in part because people have become a spacefaring species.
Hard Anodic Coating on Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysAMS2469K (Historical)04/09/2024
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Development of Transmission adaptor for diesel engine application2024-26-033601/16/2024
Transmission adapter is solid, located on cylinder block , on which sits the transmission housing. The function of a flexplate is to provide a mounting point for a torque converter which is used to couple the engine and transmission together when an automatic transmission is used. Transmission adapter provide access for torque convertor and flexplate assembly and protect the flexplate from external environment. Transmission adapter is also support and locate the starter. This study deals with different alloy grade material use, improvement in process to reduce porosity. Porosity observed in first samples of the proposed grade material. The study represents investigation of Transmission adaptor porosity root cause. This also included visual observation, radiography -X ray testing , analysis,3D scan, dimensional inspection, chemical analysis and comparison, tensile testing, truck testing validation tasks. Make sure critical parameter of the clearance meet between flexplate and
Karale, Pranjali
Intelligent analysis of components with regard to significant features for subsequent classification2023-01-121306/26/2023
The knowledge explosion in all areas, including the automotive industry, is both an opportunity and a risk. In order to shape the effects as positively as possible and create sustainable added value, the amount of information must be processed in a targeted manner and important content must be separated from ignorable content. In the automotive industry and especially in the development of new components, it is possible to look back on many past projects and thus knowledge. However, the decisive factor is whether this information is available in a suitably processed form or the knowledge is even held by just a single expert. A new and intelligent method is therefore required to analyze existing data appropriately and at the same time prepare it ideally for further applications, such as use within forecast models based on artificial intelligence. To achieve the aforementioned goal, several steps need to be taken. First, the voxelization of the component takes place, which results in the
Nüßgen, Alexander, Degen, René, Irmer, Marcus, Richter, Fabian, Boström PhD, Cecilia, Ruschitzka PhD, Margot
The Validation of an Empirical Disc Brake Model with Full-Vehicle Brake Tests2022-01-508210/06/2022
The brake of a vehicle is of particular importance for vehicle safety. Brake inspection is an essential part of the periodic technical inspection and contributes to road safety. The current vehicle brake inspection methods are mostly tied to brake tester and check the vehicle brake in a workspace that does not have much practical relevance. Therefore, an attempt is made to develop dynamic inspection methods for automotive brakes, which are based on driving tests. To develop these dynamic inspection methods, a vehicle model is used, which includes an empirical brake model that takes into account the various dependencies of the coefficient of friction of the friction pairing of automotive disc brakes. The model is later validated with full-vehicle brake maneuvers from different velocities and under different conditions and shows good results.
Schramm, Tobias, König, Pascal, Kubenz, Jan, Prokop, Günther
An Artificial Intelligence System to Identify Objects in Cluttered ScenesTBMG-4595606/01/2022
Robotic vision has come a long way, reaching a level of sophistication with applications in complex and demanding tasks, such as autonomous driving and object manipulation. However, it still struggles to identify individual objects in cluttered scenes where some objects are partially or completely hidden behind others. Typically, when dealing with such scenes, robotic vision systems are trained to identify the occluded object based only on its visible parts. But such training requires large datasets of objects and can be tedious.
USE OF AI BASED VISUAL INSPCTION FOR AEROSPACE PARTS INSPECTION AND MANUFACTURING APPLICATION Govind Yadav Siva Bavisetti Honeywell Technology Solutions Bangalore, Karnataka, India2022-26-122505/26/2022
ABSTRACT Aircraft manufacturing processes typically include one or more steps where the product is visually inspected for defects. Typically, visual inspection is a highly manual process that can be time consuming and prone to errors. Over the years, rule-based visual inspection machines have also emerged. However, each approach has drawbacks. Manual inspection requires the presence of a person, an inspector who performs assessment of the entity under question and passes judgement on it according to some training or previous knowledge. No equipment is required except the naked eye of the trained inspector. Visual inspection errors in manufacturing take one of two forms — missing an existing defect or incorrectly identifying a defect that does not exist (false positive). Misses tend to occur much more frequently than false alarms). Misses can lead to loss in quality, while false positives can cause unnecessary production costs and overall wastage. This paper studies the limitations of
Yadav, Govind, Bavisetti, Siva
SMART Manufacturing with Augmented Reality2022-26-124005/26/2022
Aircraft Manufacturing procedures are very critical and always required skillful engineer who need to follow different process and procedure during daily work. The challenge is not only to identify right tools and manuals but also to keep track of operator usage data and behavior. With Augmented reality, intelligent tools, and analytics we can provide a new lease of life to first-line assembly engineers. The objective is how AR can help us to reduce rework or scrap with the concept of Industry 4.0 were integrating with cutting edge technologies like machine learning, and the Internet of things to meet the fundamental requirements during manufacturing. Smart Manufacturing consists of four major components Cyber-physical systems, IoT, Cloud computing, and Cognitive computing. Integrating AR with IoT our objective is to achieve Cyber-physical systems connectivity and fill the gap between the smallest physical assets to be connected with digital infrastructure. It can help us to Increase
Sahu, Parimal
Two dimensional measurements of soot size and concentration in diesel ames by laser based optical methods2022-01-049703/29/2022
Soot particle size, particle concentration and volume fraction were measured by laser based methods in optically dense, highly turbulent combusting diesel sprays under engine conditions. Experiments were done in the Chalmers high pressure, high temperature spray rig under isobaric conditions and combusting commercial diesel fuel. Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), Elastic Scattering and Light Extinction were combined quasi-simultaneously to quantify particle characteristics spatially resolved in the middle plane of a combusting spray at two instants after the start of combustion. The inuence that fuel injection pressure, gas temperature and gas pressure exert on particle size, particle concentration and volume fraction were studied. Probability density functions of particle size and two-dimensional images of particle diameter, particle concentration and volume fraction concerning instantaneous single-shot cases and average measurements are presented. High injection pressure led to a
Otxoterena, Paul, Andersson, Mats, Andersson, Sven
Field Safety Performance of Micro-mobility Devices2022-01-103103/29/2022
Micro-mobility devices, such as E-scooters and E-bikes, have become a prominent mode of transportation in urban environments. Even in a single location, a variety of suppliers, each with a different design, may be available for use. When new, the safety performance of the devices should be consistent for a given make, however, over time, braking performance may diminish. Acceleration characteristics may vary between suppliers, and could diminish over the life of the device, or possibly be dependent on the current state of charge of the device. Since the rider does not own or maintain the device, they would have limited understanding of the performance of a particular device in emergency conditions. A sample of publicly available E-scooters and E-bikes were tested to determine whether differences in acceleration and hard braking capabilities may be expected. The condition of the device tires and controls, and the battery state of charge, were inspected and documented. The findings are
Larson, Robert, Kuzel, Michael
PACKING, PREFORMED, HYDROCARBON FUEL RESISTANT, "O" RINGAS29513C (Current)11/09/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Metric Thread Rolling ScrewsJ1237_202111 (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Standard covers material, dimensional, performance, and test requirements for metric thread rolling screws suitable for use in general engineering applications.
Fasteners Committee
Bolts and Screws, Steel, Corrosion Resistant 125000 psi Tensile Strength Roll ThreadedAS7472B (Current)11/09/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Metric Thread Rolling ScrewsJ1237_202111-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
This SAE Standard covers material, dimensional, performance, and test requirements for metric thread rolling screws suitable for use in general engineering applications.
Fasteners Committee
Bolts and Screws, Steel, Corrosion Resistant 125000 psi Tensile Strength Roll ThreadedAS7472B-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
O-RING MOLDED FROM AMS7259 MATERIALAS83248/2A (Current)11/09/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
O-RING, MOLDED FROM AMS7379 RUBBER FOR USE WITH AS5202 PORTSAS6203A (Current)11/09/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
O-RING MOLDED FROM AMS7268 (SILICONE) MATERIALAS5728B (Current)11/08/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
M83461 O-RING MOLDED FROM AMS-P-83461 RUBBERAS83461/1C (Current)11/08/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
GASKET, METALLIC, ENCASED, ANNULAR, COPPERAS35769B (Historical)10/15/2021
THIS STANDARD ESTABLISHES THE DIMENSIONAL AND VISUAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS, LOT REQUIREMENTS, AND PACKAGING AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC-ENCASED COPPER GASKETS MANUFACTURED PER AMS-HH-G-101 TYPE III - STYLE J. IT SHALL BE USED FOR PROCUREMENT PURPOSES.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
GASKET, METALLIC, ENCASED, ANNULAR, COPPERAS35769B-TEST-REC (Historical)10/15/2021
THIS STANDARD ESTABLISHES THE DIMENSIONAL AND VISUAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS, LOT REQUIREMENTS, AND PACKAGING AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC-ENCASED COPPER GASKETS MANUFACTURED PER AMS-HH-G-101 TYPE III - STYLE J. IT SHALL BE USED FOR PROCUREMENT PURPOSES.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Elastomer: Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Synthetic Oil Resistant Compression Seals, 65 to 75 Type A Hardness for Products in Engine Oil SystemsAMS7289 (Current)10/12/2021
This specification covers a nitrile rubber (NBR) in the form of molded compression seals such as O-rings, T-seals, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications. For sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes, use the AMS3786 specification, which is intended for that use.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Elastomer: Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Synthetic Oil Resistant Compression Seals, 65 to 75 Type A Hardness for Products in Engine Oil SystemsAMS7289-TEST-REC (Historical)10/12/2021
This specification covers a nitrile rubber (NBR) in the form of molded compression seals such as O-rings, T-seals, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications. For sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes, use the AMS3786 specification, which is intended for that use.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Gaining Approval for Seats with Integrated Electronics in Accordance with AC 21-49 Section 7.bARP6448A (Historical)10/06/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a framework for establishing methods and stakeholder responsibilities to ensure that seats with integrated electronic components (e.g., actuation system, reading light, inflatable restraint, inflight entertainment equipment, etc.) meet the seat TSO minimum performance standard. These agreements will allow seat suppliers to build and ship TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. The document presents the roles and accountabilities of the electronics manufacturer (EM), the seat supplier, and the TC/ATC/STC applicant/holder in the context of AC 21-49 Section 7.b (“Type Certification Using TSO-Approved Seat with Electronic Components Defined in TSO Design”). This document applies to all FAA seat TSOs C39( ), C127( ), etc. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the procurement of electronics, their integration on a TSO-approved seat, and the seat’s installation on an aircraft
Aircraft SEAT Committee
Rubber: Fluorocarbon Elastomer (FKM) Aircraft Engine Oil, Fuel and Hydraulic Fluid Resistant 70 to 80 Shore Type A Hardness Low Temperature Sealing Tg -47 °F (-43.9 °C) for Elastomeric Seals in Aircraft Engine, Fuel and Hydraulic SystemsAMS7410 (Current)10/06/2021
This specification covers high temperature, compression set, and fluid resistant fluorocarbon (FKM) elastomer in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber: Fluorocarbon Elastomer (FKM) Aircraft Engine Oil, Fuel and Hydraulic Fluid Resistant 70 to 80 Shore Type A Hardness Low Temperature Sealing Tg -47 °F (-43.9 °C) for Elastomeric Seals in Aircraft Engine, Fuel and Hydraulic SystemsAMS7410-TEST-REC (Historical)10/06/2021
This specification covers high temperature, compression set, and fluid resistant fluorocarbon (FKM) elastomer in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Gaining Approval for Seats with Integrated Electronics in Accordance with AC 21-49 Section 7.bARP6448A-TEST-REC (Historical)10/06/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a framework for establishing methods and stakeholder responsibilities to ensure that seats with integrated electronic components (e.g., actuation system, reading light, inflatable restraint, inflight entertainment equipment, etc.) meet the seat TSO minimum performance standard. These agreements will allow seat suppliers to build and ship TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. The document presents the roles and accountabilities of the electronics manufacturer (EM), the seat supplier, and the TC/ATC/STC applicant/holder in the context of AC 21-49 Section 7.b (“Type Certification Using TSO-Approved Seat with Electronic Components Defined in TSO Design”). This document applies to all FAA seat TSOs C39( ), C127( ), etc. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the procurement of electronics, their integration on a TSO-approved seat, and the seat’s installation on an aircraft
Aircraft SEAT Committee
Terms Used in Aerospace Metals SpecificationsAS7766 (Current)09/15/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines and clarifies terms used in aerospace materials and process specifications, standards, and recommended practices.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Bolts and Screws, Steel, UNS S66286 Tensile Strength 160 ksi, Procurement SpecificationAS4506C (Current)09/01/2021
This document covers bolts and screws made from a corrosion and heat resistant, precipitation hardenable iron base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Bolts and Screws, Steel, UNS S66286 Tensile Strength 160 ksi, Procurement SpecificationAS4506C-TEST-REC (Historical)09/01/2021
This document covers bolts and screws made from a corrosion and heat resistant, precipitation hardenable iron base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Bolts and Screws, Steel, UNS S66286 1650 °F Solution Heat Treated Precipitation Heat Treated Before Roll ThreadedAS7479E (Current)08/27/2021
This specification covers bolts and screws made from a corrosion and heat resistant, precipitation hardenable iron base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286, and of 130000 psi tensile strength at room temperature, with maximum test temperature of parts at 1200 °F.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Bolts and Screws, Steel, UNS S66286 1650 °F Solution Heat Treated Precipitation Heat Treated Before Roll ThreadedAS7479E-TEST-REC (Historical)08/27/2021
This specification covers bolts and screws made from a corrosion and heat resistant, precipitation hardenable iron base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286, and of 130000 psi tensile strength at room temperature, with maximum test temperature of parts at 1200 °F.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Recommended Design and Test Requirements for Hydraulic Thermal Expansion Relief ValvesARP4835A (Current)08/26/2021
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for the design and test requirements for a hydraulic thermal relief valve. The thermal relief valve is intended for use in a civil or military aircraft hydraulic system with a rated system pressure up to 5000 psi (34500 kPa).
A-6C5 Components Committee
Studs, Steel, Low Alloy Heat Treated, Roll ThreadedAS7456C (Current)08/12/2021
This procurement specification covers aircraft quality studs made from a low alloy steel of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS G87400, and of a series of room temperature tensile strengths ranging from 125000 to 185000 psi.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Recommended Design and Test Requirements for Hydraulic Check ValvesARP4946A (Current)08/12/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for the design and test requirements for a spring-loaded, normally-closed hydraulic check valve. The check valve is intended for use in a civil or military aircraft hydraulic system with a rated system pressure up to 5000 psi (34500 kPa).
A-6C5 Components Committee
Disposition of Landing Gear Components Involved in Accidents/IncidentsARP4915B (Current)08/05/2021
This document establishes a procedure for disposition of landing gear components that have been involved in accidents/incidents. The recommendations in this document apply to components made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. The recommendations in this document do not apply to components made of non metallic composite materials.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Disposition of Landing Gear Components Involved in Accidents/IncidentsARP4915B-TEST-REC (Historical)08/05/2021
This document establishes a procedure for disposition of landing gear components that have been involved in accidents/incidents. The recommendations in this document apply to components made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. The recommendations in this document do not apply to components made of non metallic composite materials.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Rubber: Silicone [VMQ] Non-Oil Resistant Low Compression Set, 65 - 75 Type A HardnessAMS7268D (Current)07/28/2021
This specification covers a silicone rubber in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications. For sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes, use AMS3307 specification, which is intended for that use.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber: Silicone [VMQ] Non-Oil Resistant Low Compression Set, 65 - 75 Type A HardnessAMS7268D-TEST-REC (Historical)07/28/2021
This specification covers a silicone rubber in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications. For sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes, use AMS3307 specification, which is intended for that use.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber: Ethylene Propylene (EP) Phosphate Ester Resistant Low Temperature -75 °F (-59 °C), 75 to 85 Type M Hardness For Seals in Hydraulic SystemsAMS7361 (Historical)07/23/2021
This specification covers an ethylene propylene rubber in the form of molded rings, molded compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber: Ethylene Propylene (EP) Phosphate Ester Resistant Low Temperature -75 °F (-59 °C), 75 to 85 Type M Hardness For Seals in Hydraulic SystemsAMS7361-TEST-REC (Historical)07/23/2021
This specification covers an ethylene propylene rubber in the form of molded rings, molded compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
O-Ring Molded from AMS7267 Silicone (VMQ) RubberAS9386B (Current)07/07/2021
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings molded from AMS7267 rubber. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
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