Browse Topic: Helmets

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Real-time Helmet Detection and Closed-Loop Enforcement System for Two-Wheelers2026-26-0650To be published on 01/16/2026
Need: In India, two-wheelers account for a significant portion of road traffic and contribute heavily to the national burden of road fatalities. Despite regulatory mandates, helmet non-compliance remains widespread due to limited enforcement reach and behavioral inertia. Currently there is no intelligent system that enforces helmet usage autonomously in a closed loop directly at the vehicle level. Motivation: The existing enforcement strategies such as traffic policing or external camera-based surveillance are reactive, infrastructure-dependent, and ineffective at scale. To overcome these limitations, we propose a real-time helmet detection and closed-loop system that is integrated into the two-wheeler itself. This approach promotes proactive safety compliance without relying on external monitoring infrastructure. Methodology: The proposed model is AI-powered, vision-based system that leverages deep learning techniques for helmet detection, supported by a custom-built dataset
Kandimalla, Om Mahalakshmi, Shah, Ravindra, Karle, Ujjwala
Helmet detection in 2-Wheeler2024-26-000701/16/2024
Wearing Helmet is a critical safety measure not only for riders but also for passengers. However, people often tend to skip wearing these protective headgears, thereby leading to, an increased risk of injury or death in the event of an accident. There is a growing necessity to develop innovative methods that automatically monitor and prevent unsafe driving. To address this issue, we have developed a computer vision-based helmet detection system that can detect if a rider has his helmet on in real-time. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art computer vision-based helmet detection systems for two-wheelers. The review covers various aspects of helmet detection, including image pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The strengths and limitations of existing approaches are analyzed, while proposing potential directions for future research. The results demonstrate that computer vision-based helmet detection systems hold significant potential to
D, Bhavanash Rai
Vehicle-Integrated Camera Based Rider Helmet Detection & Warning System2024-26-000901/16/2024
Non-usage of helmets does not cause accidents but are critical for averting fatal and grievous injuries in the event of road occurrence accidents. A report by Transport Ministry says, during 2021, a total of 46,593 persons were killed due to non-wearing of helmet, of which 32,877(70.6%) persons were drivers and 13,716 (29.4%) were passengers. Currently, traffic police use the helmet detection solution on surveillance videos to identify the vehicle number plate who’s not wearing helmets to issue challans. But on the vehicle side it is not yet implemented. At present, vehicles are neither equipped to issue warnings nor there are any safety measures taken to minimize the risk, when rider is not wearing the helmet. This paper suggests a passive safety system for two wheelers that uses an integrated camera to detect if rider is wearing a helmet or not by utilizing image processing techniques. Based on the result, if helmet is not detected, then the vehicle will issue warnings and limit
Kishor, Kaushal, Tarte, Malay, Joshi, Umita
5 Ws of Microlattice Pads for Improved HelmetsTBMG-3598402/01/2020
Football players and other athletes, motorcycle riders, soldiers, and anyone wearing protective helmets made with the new microlattice pads will have greater protection from both single hits and a series of impacts.
Safer Helmets Reduce Potential for Traumatic InjuryTBMG-3600702/01/2020
“Seventy-five percent of all fatal motorcycle accidents globally involve brain injury, with rotational forces acting on the brain being the primary cause of death,” According to NHTSA. By implementing a novel helmet design and materials set, KIRSH Helmets is to working to develop a more effective helmet for motorcycle riders, as well as in other applications. A patented design, in which fluid displacement technology replaces the typically used foam compression, utilizes a silicone liner injected with fluid. The resulting structure reduces rotational and angular forces during acceleration impacts.
Behavior of Electric Scooter Operators in Naturalistic Environments2019-01-100704/02/2019
The use of electric scooters (e-scooters), which are more generally categorized as motorized scooters, has undergone explosive growth owing to “scooter share” programs in which an e-scooter is rented for a limited period of time. The near-spontaneous ubiquity of e-scooters has prompted government and scooter share companies to address issues partly motivated by concerns related to the inclusion of a large population of e-scooters into vehicular traffic. These issues are influenced by the decisions and behaviors of the scooter operators, who, despite being licensed to drive passenger vehicles, potentially have limited experience operating an e-scooter in the presence of traffic. E-scooters are in a relative unique position where they are small enough to negotiate pedestrian traffic, yet fast enough to travel on roadways. This enables an e-scooter operator to change when and where he rides, e.g., from traveling on a sidewalk to riding in a clear traffic lane in order to avoid a group of
Todd, Jay, Krauss, David, Zimmermann, Jacqueline, Dunning, Amber
Inter-Laboratory Combat Helmet Blunt Impact Test Method ComparisonTBMG-3272608/01/2018
As the medical community learns more about brain injury, the importance of blunt impact mitigation becomes more apparent. As such, it is critical to make sure that research labs are not only capable of performing testing in this field, but also show inter-laboratory consistency and reproducibility. This study is a comparison between the two validated blunt impact testing labs (Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) and National Technical Systems (NTS) Chesapeake Testing Services (CTS)), and Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC).
Tech Briefs: August 201818AERP0808/01/2018
Designing a High-Speed Decoy Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Using Thermoplastics in Aerospace Applications In-Flight Real-Time Avionics Adaptation Using Turbine Flow Meters for Aerospace Test and Measurement Applications Communicating from Space: The Front End of Multiscale Modeling Laser-Based System Could Expand Space-to-Ground Communication Hydraulic Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite 102mm Tube Section Research could lead to development of a composite material that can be processed at a low temperature and still be used at 1000°F. Permeation Tests on Polypropylene Fiber Materials Study attempts to determine if polypropylene nanofiber materials can be used in air filtration systems to remove toxic vapors. Inter-Laboratory Combat Helmet Blunt Impact Test Method Comparison Ensuring consistent test methods could reduce the risk of head injuries.
Spoilers Optimization to Reduce the Induced Stresses on a Racing Helmet2016-01-161204/05/2016
Aerodynamics is one of the most important factors in the development of racing cars. At the speeds of formula cars reach the formula cars, the driver's neck can be subjected to stresses resulting from the aerodynamic forces acting on the helmet; developing an aerodynamic project that takes into account the comfort of the driver without affecting performance is certainly considered a challenging activity. The aim of the present work is to develop a low-pitching-momenthelmet for formula racing cars optimizing the shape and location, applying some aerodynamic appendices. This goal is pursued by adopting an approach based on both experimental and numerical activities. First, the aerodynamic configuration of an existing helmet was examined; through a testing campaign in the wind tunnel facilities of Perugia University, pressures acting on the helmet were scanned at various speeds and data about aerodynamic drag were collected. Flow visualization methods were even performed to locate the
Mariani, Francesco, Risi, Francesco, Bartolini, Nicola, Castellani, Francesco, Scappaticci, Lorenzo
Features of Fatal Cyclist Injuries in Vehicle-Versus-Cyclist Accidents in Japan2015-01-141504/14/2015
Fatal injuries suffered by cyclists in vehicle-versus-cyclist accidents are investigated to provide information for the introduction of safety countermeasures. We analyzed characteristics of cyclist injuries in real fatal accidents and compared them with severity levels of head injury in impact tests against a road surface. In the accident analyses, we investigated the main body regions whose injuries led to fatalities using a macro vehicle-cyclist accident database of the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis of Japan. Using data from 2009 to 2013, we investigated the frequency of cyclist fatalities by gender, age group, vehicle speed, and the source of fatal head injury (impact with the vehicle or road surface). Results indicated that head injuries are the most common cause of cyclist fatalities in car-cyclist accidents. The results also indicated that the percentage of fatalities due to hip injuries was significantly higher for females than for males, and
Matsui, Yasuhiro, Oikawa, Shoko
Tactical Fighting System SimulatorTBMG-1982702/01/2014
Environmental Tectonics Corporation Southampton, PA 215-355-9100
R&D Roundup: NovemberTBMG-1769811/01/2013
A team of researchers at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago has revealed clinical applications for the world’s first thought-controlled bionic vleg—a significant milestone for lower limb amputees in the rapidly growing field of bionics. Neural signals were used to safely improve limb control of the leg, which features intelligent engineering, meaning that it can learn and perform activities including seamless transitions between sitting, walking, ascending, and descending stairs and ramps and repositioning the leg while seated.
Novel Transparent Skull Implant Allows Peek at BrainTBMG-1732411/01/2013
A team of researchers from the University of California, Riverside, College of Engineering and School of Medicine have developed a novel transparent skull implant that could eventually lead to new treatment options for patients with neurological disorders like brain cancer and traumatic brain injury. Their new implant is made of the same ceramic material that is used in hip implants, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). However, the material has been processed in a way to make it transparent.
F-16 Full Mission TrainersTBMG-1702408/01/2013
L-3 Communications announced that its Link Simulation & Training (L-3 Link) division has been awarded a contract from the U.S. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center at Wright- Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. The company will build two F-16 Block 52 Full Mission Trainers (FMTs) for the Iraqi Air Force.
Realistic Simulation Makes Army Helmets SaferTBMG-1146210/01/2011
As materials, ergonomic design, and ballistics protection have evolved, the U.S. Army helmet has improved in form and function, from the M1 of WWII, to the 29-layer Kevlar PASGT (Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops), to finally the lighter Kevlar/Twaron ACH (Advanced Combat Helmet) design of today (Figure 1). Helmet liners have progressed too, from compressed paper fibers, plastic, and rayon in the early days to more sophisticated suspension-webbing systems with chin straps constructed from stronger synthetics.
Forehead-Mounted Sensor Measures Oxygen Saturation for Hypoxia Early Detection and WarningTBMG-855610/01/2010
Symptoms of hypoxia – a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues - have been documented among rotary-wing pilots and aircrew flying at altitudes as low as 8,000 feet. Effective hypoxia-related mishap prevention relies upon rapid recognition of hypoxia symptoms and expeditious execution of emergency procedures. This is particularly challenging in rotary wing aircraft, where the lack of adequate training makes reliance on hypoxia self-detection an ineffective solution. An automated warning would be preferable, but currently no military aviation platform is outfitted with a physiological monitoring system to alert pilots and aircrew of impending hypoxic episodes.
Fluid Helmet Liner for Protection Against Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain InjuryTBMG-826508/01/2010
An Advanced Combat Helmet liner design uses the novel idea of including filler materials inside channels in the liner. An energy-absorbing foam was selected for the main liner structure, and several filler material candidates of widely varying properties are being considered. To date, material has been evaluated both experimentally and numerically. Numerical studies will include coupled simulations with a detailed finite element head model, providing insight into the effect of the new liner on the brain’s response to a blast wave impact.
Jaw Loading Response of Current ATDs2009-01-038804/20/2009
Biomechanical surrogates are used in various forms to study head impact response in automotive applications and for assessing helmet performance. Surrogate headforms include those from the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) and the many variants of the Hybrid III. However, the response of these surrogates to loading at the chin and how that response may affect the loads transferred from the jaw to the rest of the head are unknown. To address part of that question, the current study compares the chin impact response performance of select human surrogates to that of the cadaver. A selection of Hybrid III and NOCSAE based surrogates with fixed and articulating jaws were tested under drop mass impact conditions that were used to describe post mortem human subject (PMHS) response to impacts at the chin (Craig et al., 2008). Results were compared to the PMHS response with cumulative variance technique (Rhule et al., 2002). A Hybrid III based surrogate
Craig, Matthew J., Viano, David C., Bir, Cynthia A.
Wireless Acceleration and Impact Recording Chips2008-01-297912/02/2008
This paper presents an overview of a new class of wireless acceleration sensor chips being developed by Evigia Systems and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) that can record the magnitude and duration of exposure to external impact without requiring any battery or any other external power source. The combination of the magnitude and duration of the acceleration event provides the information needed for quantification of the impact energy after extracting the recorded data from the sensor array. The light-weight, small form-factor, and wireless link features of these chips enables them to be readily inserted in earplugs, helmets, protective gear, on sections of vehicles. Further, their low cost, make them well suited for the Go-Kart, Sprint Car, Rally and Motocross races where the budgets are lower than IRL or NASCAR.
Yazdi, N., Knox, Ted, Plaga, John, Zhang, Y., Hower, R.
Grand Prize Winner, "Create the Future" 2007 Design ContestTBMG-273104/01/2008
Winner of $20,000
Noise-Canceling Helmet Audio SystemTBMG-191205/01/2007
A prototype helmet audio system has been developed to improve voice communication for the wearer in a noisy environment. The system was originally intended to be used in a space suit, wherein noise generated by airflow of the spacesuit life-support system can make it difficult for remote listeners to understand the astronaut’s speech and can interfere with the astronaut’s attempt to issue vocal commands to a voice-controlled robot. The system could be adapted to terrestrial use in helmets of protective suits that are typically worn in noisy settings: examples include biohazard, fire, rescue, and diving suits.
Mobile Collection and Automated Interpretation of EEG DataTBMG-134903/01/2007
A system that would comprise mobile and stationary electronic hardware and software subsystems has been proposed for collection and automated interpretation of electroencephalo- graphic (EEG) data from subjects in everyday activities in a variety of environments. By enabling collection of EEG data from mobile subjects engaged in ordinary activities (in contradistinction to collection from immobilized subjects in clinical settings), the system would expand the range of options and capabilities for performing diagnoses.
AFRL Teams With Indy Racing League® for Neck ProtectionTBMG-465004/01/2006
The bulletlike, open-wheel Indy racing cars hurtle around oval tracks at breakneck velocities, often approaching speeds of 220 mph or higher. While a crash at this speed is a violent, sometimes tragic event, it is nonetheless a key data source for AFRL researchers seeking ways to create a safer environment for Air Force (AF) fighter pilots during emergency ejection.
Measurement of 6 Degree of Freedom Movement of Human Head in Low Frequency Range2003-01-163205/05/2003
Motion-sickness is one of the major topics in research of human responses to vibration especially in the very low frequency range. For a study of this motion-sickness, measurements of 6-degree of freedom (DOF) movement of the human head for a long duration must be made. A safety helmet and accelerometers can be employed to measure the 6-DOF human head motion. This paper presents several problems and results in this approach.
Lee, Jeung-Hoon, Ko, Hong-Seok, Kim, Kwang-Joon, Jang, Han-Kee
Using PXI-Based Arbitrary Waveform Generators for Non-Standard Raster/Stroke (Vector) VideoTBMG-65005/01/2003
A number of display systems primarily used in specialized areas such as aviation, space (NASA), and military/defense employ non-standard video signal technologies such as raster/stroke analog video. Displays in cockpits of planes, pilot helmets, and ground vehicle systems, for example, employ some of these non-standard video techniques. Testing these displays requires multiple specialized video signal generators and pattern generators.
Helmet Protection: Why Not More?2002-01-335212/02/2002
Every day, people of good intention sell Americans safety helmets tested to antiquated performance standards that have failed to take advantage of test methodology and scientific advances available for the past decade. It's important to understand how and why helmet protection has failed to be “all it can be.” Let this analysis serve as a lesson to those responsible for the creation of safety standards and the design and sale of helmets. This paper is written to motivate, not criticize. Virtually every helmet sold in this country, whether it is a bicycle helmet, a football helmet or a motorcycle helmet, is designed to meet a test standard established by either a government agency or a private industry-based organization. These standards have all been derived from very primitive biomechanical work and allegorical information dating back to the 1950s and 1960s. From Darrel Stingly to Dale Earnhardt, countless injuries and death may be a by-product of myopic standardization. Let's see why
Coben, Larry E.
Lightweight Foam Pads for HelmetsTBMG-725211/01/2002
Special foam pads have been developed for use in helmets. The foams in these pads have been formulated to obtain a combination of light weight, resistance to oxidation, flame retardance, superior shock-absorbing properties, and physical comfort during long use. In the original application, the pads are intended especially for use in supporting the heads of reclining astronauts during launch, providing a slight upward tilt so that the astronauts can see critical panels, switches, and checklists more easily. Modified versions of the pads and foams may be useful on Earth in helmets for motorcyclists, athletes, and others.
Improved Dynamic Holographic Optical-Interconnection SystemTBMG-2954402/01/2001
An improved visual display system for a helmet produces two- and three-dimensional images by use of the limited domain of spatial light modulation (SLM) values. One especially notable improvement incorporated into the design of this system is a simplification in the design of dynamic holographic optical element (HOE) switches. This system can be expected to afford immediate and calculable benefits to the United States space program; similar benefits for the military and private industry are also anticipated.
Improved Suit for Protection During Abrasive BlastingTBMG-2999605/01/1999
An improved suit to be worn by a worker during abrasive blasting has been developed. Denoted an environmentally controlled abrasive-blasting suit (ECAB), it provides comprehensive protection that, heretofore, has been afforded by a set of special under- and over-garments (including a helmet) and a respirator. These garments and the respirator must be donned in a time-consuming "suit-up" procedure before abrasive blasting. After blasting, the worker must not only doff the garments and respirator but must also shower and the garments must be laundered before they are used again. In contrast, donning the ECAB takes less "suit-up" time, there in no need to wear special undergarments inside the ECAB, there is no need for a respirator, it is not necessary to shower after doffing the ECAB, and the suit does not require laundering prior to reuse.
Polyurethane, Foam-In-Place, Rigid Closed Cell, For HelmetlinersAMS3574 (Current)03/01/1995
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Fabrication Of Form-Fit Polyurethane Foam Helmet LinersARP1877 (Current)07/01/1985
This specification describes the materials, equipment, and procedures used in fabricating foam-in-place flight helmet liners.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
Polyurethane, Foam-In-Place, Rigid Closed Cell, for Helmet LinersAMS3574A (Historical)07/01/1985
This specification has been "CANCELLED" by the Aerospace Materials Division, SAE, as of March 1995. By this action, subject specification number and title will be deleted from the active specification index of Aerospace Material Specifications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Status Report of the Netherlands - 198585600701/01/1985
Dutch policy and activities regarding safety of road vehicles are reviewed. Research by private institution has increased and international requirements are being prepared. Fatalities and injuries have decreased. Safety areas under consideration include car construction for pedestrian safety and safer vehicles for the handicapped. Seat belt use, helmets and safety seats for children are being explored.
Hoekstra, Pieter W.
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