Browse Topic: Protective equipment

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Recycled Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Automotive Components: A World-First to Reduce Single-Use Medical Plastic Waste2022-01-090703/29/2022
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly increased the amount of single-use plastic, especially as personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, disinfecting wipes, and medical-grade facemasks have become common among the general public. The need for public health, however, has ushered in a pandemic of another kind: one of environmental harm. Although efforts have been made to prolong use or otherwise reduce waste of these items, many areas have already seen negative effects of both properly discarded and littered PPE. It is estimated 89 million masks are used globally per month, and in the U.S. alone, the healthcare system generates 5 million tons of medical waste annually, not including drastic scale-up during the pandemic. Other countries have up to eighteen times that amount, far exceeding capacity at disposal facilities. To reduce the environmental threat from these items, which have become necessary to maintain public health, the Hyundai-Kia Materials Development Department
Nummy, Amanda
Performance Standard for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective EquipmentAS8048A (Current)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protection from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Performance Standard for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective EquipmentAS8048A-TEST-REC (Historical)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protection from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007 (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007-TEST-REC (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Minimum Standard for Portable Gaseous, Oxygen EquipmentAS1046C (Current)08/11/2021
This standard is intended to apply to portable compressed gaseous oxygen equipment. When properly configured, this equipment is used either for the administration of supplemental oxygen, first aid oxygen or smoke protection to one or more occupants of either private or commercial transport aircraft. This standard is applicable to the following types of portable oxygen equipment: a Continuous flow 1 Pre-set 2 Adjustable 3 Automatic b Demand flow 1 Straight-demand 2 Diluter-demand 3 Pressure-demand c Combination continuous flow and demand flow.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Performance Standard for Cabin Crew Portable Protective Breathing Equipment for Use During Aircraft EmergenciesAS8047 (Current)08/09/2021
This aerospace standard (AS) defines the requirements of portable protective breathing equipment for use during smoke/fire conditions on board an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Human Engineering - Principles and PracticesHEB1D (Current)04/14/2021
This Engineering Bulletin and its annexes provide guidance on the application of Human Engineering principles and practices to the analysis, design, development, testing, fielding, support, accident investigation, and training for military and commercial products throughout their intended life cycles.
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Empowering Soldiers Through ISPDSTBMG-3853802/01/2021
According to research conducted by Markets and Markets (Northbrook, IL), the military wearables market is projected to grow from $4.2 billion in 2019 to $6.4 billion by 2025. That’s a 7.2% growth from 2019 in six short years. Soldier modernization programs that increase soldier coordination, rising asymmetric warfare, and potential geopolitical conflicts are all factors fueling the growth of this market.
New Capabilities for Grasp-Assisting GlovesTBMG-3852202/01/2021
NASA is developing the next generation of spacesuits for future missions including the optimization of spacesuit gloves that, when coupled to a pressurized suit, tend to limit the range of motion of an astronaut’s hand to as little as 20%. Many of NASA’s future missions will be in challenging environments where hand dexterity of the astronaut will be critical for the success of the missions.
Respirator 2.0: New N95-Alternative Introduces Sensors for a Better FitTBMG-3856002/01/2021
Investigators from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been working to design a better, reusable respirator that could serve as an alternative to an N95 respirator. In the latest iteration of their work, they have introduced sensors to inform the user if the respirator is on properly and whether the filters are becoming saturated. The team tested the respirator, known as the transparent, elastomeric, adaptable, long-lasting (TEAL) respirator, at the Brigham and at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and reports a 100 percent success rate for fit testing among 40 participants, with feedback demonstrating exceptional fit, breathability, and filter exchange. Results are published in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.
Adapting to Manufacturing Challenges of COVID-19TBMG-3855502/01/2021
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused great changes and challenges, disrupting not only the global marketplace but also the supply chains that keep people and essential businesses healthy and functioning. For example, amid an already growing market for infection-control gear and hygienic products made of nonwoven thermoplastic fabrics, COVID-19 has greatly strained and helped to reshape the global supply chain for nonwoven personal protective equipment (PPE).
Autonomous HVAC System Measures Facial TemperatureTBMG-3833901/01/2021
COVID-19 is changing the way indoor spaces are used, presenting challenges for those who manage those spaces, from homes to offices and factories. Not least among these challenges is heating and cooling — the largest consumer of energy in American homes and commercial buildings. There’s a need for smarter, more flexible climate control that keeps people comfortable without heating and cooling entire empty buildings.
Inexpensive Method Decontaminates Personal Protective EquipmentTBMG-3836201/01/2021
Supply-chain problems stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic caused limited supplies of filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 masks. Yet strategies to decontaminate personal protective equipment (PPE) remain unresolved in many hospitals with limited resources, both in the United States and abroad.
Device Camouflages Wearer from Heat-Detecting SensorsTBMG-3821512/01/2020
Researchers developed a wearable technology that can hide its wearer from heat-detecting sensors such as night vision goggles, even when the ambient temperature changes. The technology can adapt to temperature changes in just a few minutes, while keeping the wearer comfortable.
Upper Body Robotic ExoskeletonTBMG-3817312/01/2020
A soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment was designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was developed to provide effective upper extremity motor rehabilitation for patients with neurological impairments (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke).
Oxygen System and Component CleaningARP1176B (Current)10/19/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended practices for the cleaning of aircraft oxygen equipment, both metallic and non-metallic articles, such as oxygen lines (tubes, hoses, etc.), components (including regulator and valve parts), cylinders, and ground-based equipment that may be used to support aircraft oxygen systems. This document also specifies work area details, methods for selecting suitable cleaning agents, cleaning methods, and test methods for verifying levels of cleanliness. The cleanliness coding scheme specified in this document provides a method for documenting minimum cleanliness level requirements and for identifying compliance.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Oxygen System and Component CleaningARP1176B-TEST-REC (Historical)10/19/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended practices for the cleaning of aircraft oxygen equipment, both metallic and non-metallic articles, such as oxygen lines (tubes, hoses, etc.), components (including regulator and valve parts), cylinders, and ground-based equipment that may be used to support aircraft oxygen systems. This document also specifies work area details, methods for selecting suitable cleaning agents, cleaning methods, and test methods for verifying levels of cleanliness. The cleanliness coding scheme specified in this document provides a method for documenting minimum cleanliness level requirements and for identifying compliance.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Products of Tomorrow: October 2020TBMG-3780010/01/2020
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Test Method for Catalytic Carbon Brake Disk OxidationAIR5567A (Current)09/16/2020
The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, airport operators, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating environment.
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
Adapting Under COVID: Expansion and Implementation of PPE TestingTBMG-3757809/01/2020
We currently live in unprecedented times; the global spread of coronavirus has led to a dramatic increase in hospitalizations and a renewed focus on protecting our healthcare workers. Personal protective equipment, more commonly known as PPE, is being consumed faster than it can be produced, with suppliers struggling to keep up with demand. To help meet the growing need, companies with manufacturing capabilities in other industries have been converting their existing facilities and equipment to begin producing PPE and other medical supplies. Regardless of the pace of production, quality control testing is still required to ensure that the products being sent to our front lines will perform as required.
Case Study: Increasing Ventilator Display Mount Production to Meet COVID-19 DemandsTBMG-3768209/01/2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged today’s global manufacturers to meet extremely intense demands for a broad range of critical medical equipment and healthcare-related products, from N95 masks and other personal protective equipment to crucial laboratory reagents, viral testing kits, and even swabs.
Are You Ready for the Next UDI Deadline?TBMG-3758109/01/2020
As summer 2020 gives way to fall and we continue grappling with unprecedented challenges, healthcare industry efforts persist to ensure that medical supplies are available when and where they are needed and can be tracked through distribution and use.
Liquid-Repelling Substance Works on All SurfacesTBMG-3762309/01/2020
Acting like an invisible force field, a new liquid coating may provide an extra layer of protection for front-line healthcare workers. The coating repels nearly all substances off a surface, enabling cleaning of personal protective equipment a bit easier.
Preliminary Development of an Integrated Mobility, Lethality, and Survivability Soldier Performance Testing Platform20AERP08_0708/01/2020
Developing a methodology that incorporates objective measures of performance and is sensitive to changes in soldier-system equipment could help guide equipment manufacturers during product development and acquisition. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts In 2017, the US Army announced their modernization priorities as a means of maintaining their military strength. Six specific areas were targeted for focus improvement and development, with the first five being specific technologies or end products. The sixth was “Soldier Lethality” or a soldier's ability to shoot, move, communicate, protect and sustain by improving human performance and decision making. In an effort to support this priority area for those trying to make clothing and individual equipment (CIE) acquisition and development decisions, there is a desire for an integrated or holistic objective tool to measure soldier performance, specifically mobility, lethality and
Preliminary Development of an Integrated Mobility, Lethality, and Survivability Soldier Performance Testing PlatformTBMG-3737808/01/2020
In 2017, the US Army announced their modernization priorities as a means of maintaining their military strength. Six specific areas were targeted for focus improvement and development, with the first five being specific technologies or end products. The sixth was “Soldier Lethality” or a soldier’s ability to shoot, move, communicate, protect and sustain by improving human performance and decision making. In an effort to support this priority area for those trying to make clothing and individual equipment (CIE) acquisition and development decisions, there is a desire for an integrated or holistic objective tool to measure soldier performance, specifically mobility, lethality and survivability incorporating underlying measures of human factors, biomechanics and cognition.
Engineers Design a Reusable, Silicone Rubber Face MaskTBMG-3735908/01/2020
Researchers at MIT and Brigham and Women’s Hospital have designed a new face mask that they believe could stop viral particles as effectively as N95 masks. Unlike N95 masks, the new masks were designed to be easily sterilized and used many times.
5 Ws of Slip-Resistant Shoe CoatingsTBMG-3747608/01/2020
Anyone walking on icy or slippery surfaces.
Durable, Washable Textile Coating Repels VirusesTBMG-3746008/01/2020
Masks, gowns, and other personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential for protecting healthcare workers; however, the textiles and materials used in such items can absorb and carry viruses and bacteria, inadvertently spreading the disease the wearer sought to contain. When the coronavirus spread amongst healthcare professionals and left PPE in short supply, finding a way to provide better protection while allowing for the safe reuse of these items became paramount.
Development and Verification of Body Armor Target Geometry Created Using Computed Tomography ScansTBMG-3736708/01/2020
This research involved a new process developed to support the rapid development of computer-aided design (CAD) geometry to model personal protective equipment (PPE). The armor was developed and used in modeling and simulation for analysis of the Tier 4 Soldier Protection System (SPS) compared to the Improved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV). The goal of modeling the PPE CAD geometry was to create a representation of the armor system to scale relative to the Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment (ORCA) man model and place the armor system in the correct location relative to anatomical landmarks.
Development and Verification of Body Armor Target Geometry Created Using Computed Tomography Scans20AERP08_1208/01/2020
Previous methods of target geometry modeling involving manual measurement of armor systems and the translation of those measurements into computer-aided design geometry could be replaced by more accurate computer scanning technology. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland This research involved a new process developed to support the rapid development of computer-aided design (CAD) geometry to model personal protective equipment (PPE). The armor was developed and used in modeling and simulation for analysis of the Tier 4 Soldier Protection System (SPS) compared to the Improved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV). The goal of modeling the PPE CAD geometry was to create a representation of the armor system to scale relative to the Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment (ORCA) man model and place the armor system in the correct location relative to anatomical landmarks. To reduce production time and increase accuracy of armor placement for vulnerability/lethality
Pandemic PPE: What Good Will Come of the COVID-19 Crisis?TBMG-3724207/01/2020
Right about 50 years ago, in April 1970, the Apollo 13 space mission went into crisis mode. An explosion prompted the astronauts and their support team at Mission Control, all acting around the clock under tremendous pressure, to resort to backup systems and improvised solutions. The spacecraft, its supplies, and equipment had to be used in ways that far exceeded manufacturers’ specifications. Survival depended on it. “I don’t care about what anything was designed to do. I care about what it can do,” NASA Flight Director Gene Kranz famously said, as portrayed in the movie Apollo 13.
Wool Mask Used to Fight Fires in Space Improves Fire Equipment on EarthTBMG-3702706/01/2020
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
EDITORIAL: Lending a hand to healthcare20TOFHP06_0606/01/2020
The past three months have been taxing, to put it mildly, for companies in the commercial vehicle and heavy equipment sectors. Businesses had to quickly convert operations to remote and virtual environments, where possible. Many manufacturers, such as German drive-systems supplier Deutz (see page 13), were forced to temporarily halt portions of their production to ensure the safety of their workers. And, of course, the pandemic has created a severe economic strain across industries. But one development arising from the crisis has singularly demonstrated the resiliency of those in the mobility sectors: the widespread deployment of engineering and manufacturing expertise to help provide critical supplies to the overwhelmed healthcare industry.
Gehm, Ryan
Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites with Electrical and Thermal CharacteristicsTBMG-3703906/01/2020
Materials used for military personal protection gear may also be tough enough for vehicles, potentially improving how unmanned vehicles dissipate energy. Researchers are studying the use of the polymers as matrix material for incorporation into lightweight composites in unmanned vehicle systems.
Wearable Air ConditioningTBMG-3684405/01/2020
One day, soldiers could cool down on the military battlefield — preventing heat stroke or exhaustion — by using wearable air conditioning, an on-skin device that offers numerous human healthcare applications such as the ability to monitor blood pressure, electrical activity of the heart, and the level of skin hydration.
PTW Passive Safety: Numerical Study of Standard Impact Scenarios with Rider Injury Risk Assessment2020-01-093004/14/2020
Powered two-wheeler (PTW) riders and passengers are among the group of vulnerable road users (VRU). This group uses the road transportation system together with other better-protected users such as passenger cars and truck drivers. The main vulnerability of PTW rider lies in their unequal position during the crash, due to the inability of application of the crashworthiness concept during the PTW vehicle design. This inequality could be somehow mitigated by the design of personal protective equipment (PPE). Mostly the design of the PPE’s is led by the standards which often are obsolete and takes into account only simple drop-tests (ECE 22.05). Those tests did not take into account complicated kinematics of the motorcycle accidents and biomechanics of the human body (the assessment is based only on the linear acceleration of the headform center of gravity). The authors propose a virtual approach for the PTW rider injury risk assessment, which coupled with the pre-impact conditions, could
Bonkowski, Tomasz, Hyncik, Ludek, Lv, Wenle
Material Combination Strengthens Body ArmorTBMG-3638604/01/2020
A new combination of materials was developed that can prevent weaknesses in body armor. By adding a tiny amount of silicon to boron carbide (a material commonly used for making body armor) bullet-resistant gear can be made substantially more resilient to high-speed impacts.
Real Time Physiological Status MonitoringTBMG-3661704/01/2020
Dismounted, foot-mobile soldiers currently use a wide variety of wearable technologies, e.g., GPS (global positioning system) /PNT (position, navigation, timing), night vision goggles (NVGs), rangefinders, radios, other Nett Warrior items, etc. These wearable technologies, i.e., electronic systems carried and used by soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines, constitute the individual soldier’s technological ecosystem.
Production Method for High-Performance PolymerTBMG-3619703/01/2020
A method was developed to produce a polymer material called PBO — known commercially as Zylon — that’s used in bulletproof vests and other high-performance fabrics. The new approach could be useful in making PBO products that resist degradation — a problem that has plagued PBO-based materials in the past.
Threads Detect Gases When Woven into ClothingTBMG-3598902/01/2020
A fabrication method was developed to create dyed threads that change color when they detect a variety of gases. The threads can be read visually or even more precisely by use of a smartphone camera, to detect changes of color due to analytes as low as 50 parts per million. Woven into clothing, the gas-detecting threads could provide a reusable, washable, and affordable safety asset in medical, workplace, military, and rescue environments.
5 Ws of Microlattice Pads for Improved HelmetsTBMG-3598402/01/2020
Football players and other athletes, motorcycle riders, soldiers, and anyone wearing protective helmets made with the new microlattice pads will have greater protection from both single hits and a series of impacts.
‘Hyper Glue’ Could Be Used for Medical ImplantsTBMG-3601502/01/2020
Researchers hope to make everything from protective clothing to medical implants stronger and more corrosion resistant thanks to a newly developed hyper glue formula. The team of chemists and composite materials researchers discovered a broadly applicable method of bonding plastics and synthetic fibers at the molecular level in a procedure called cross-linking. The cross-linking takes effect when the adhesive is exposed to heat or long-wave UV light making strong connections that are both impact-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Even with a minimal amount of cross linking, the materials are tightly bonded.
Durable Polyimide AerogelsTBMG-3572712/01/2019
Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed polyimide aerogel technologies that are 500 times stronger than traditional silica aerogels. These durable polyimide aerogels are highly flexible and foldable in contrast to traditional silica aerogels, which shed dust particles and are notoriously fragile and brittle. Polyimide aerogels possess remarkable strength, flexibility, and moisture resistance and make excellent “wrappable” insulators. No other aerogel possesses the compressive and tensile strength of this organic polyimide aerogel while still retaining its ability to be flexibly folded to contour to whatever shape is needed such as automotive shields, pipeline insulation, and protective clothing.
Unpowered, Lightweight Ankle ExoskeletonTBMG-3571712/01/2019
A lightweight, low-profile, inexpensive ankle exoskeleton could be widely used among elderly people, those with impaired lower-leg muscle strength, and workers whose jobs require substantial walking or running.
Heat-Regulating Material for Next-Generation Space BlanketTBMG-3572012/01/2019
Drawing design inspiration from the skin of squid, researchers developed an adaptive space blanket that gives users the ability to control their temperature. The drawback to current Mylar heat-regulating blankets is static. The new material has changeable properties to regulate how much heat is trapped or released.
Pearl-Like Coating Enhances Lightweight ArmorTBMG-3545311/01/2019
By mimicking the outer coating of pearls (nacre or mother of pearl), researchers created a lightweight plastic that is 14 times stronger and eight times lighter (less dense) than steel. It could be applicable to vests, helmets, and other types of body armor as well as protective armor for ships, helicopters, and other vehicles.
CONTI SUITS UP19AUTP10_0110/01/2019
A team of young innovators aims to transform a critical piece of safety equipment - and create new business - through collaboration. Few colors shock the human brain into attention more than high-visibility Yellow. “Hi-viz” as it's known in the safety-apparel industry, is an on-the-job requirement for first responders, road workers, tow-truck drivers, linesmen, loggers, couriers, coast guard deck crews - any all-weather vocation for which being seen in low-visibility situations can make the difference between life and death. Included are overnight package-delivery drivers who must sprint across busy city streets - at night, in the fog and rain - to deliver the goods. But hi-viz, even when combined with reflective fabrics, is often not sufficient for wearers to be seen.
Brooke, Lindsay
Inductive Power Transfer for Spaceflight SystemsTBMG-3491308/01/2019
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed technology that uses inductive power transfer (IPT) for wireless power interfaces between spaceflight elements (such as the payload, vehicle, and pad). Current spaceflight systems require traditional hardwire connections for power interfaces. This introduces risk of failure due to such factors as bent pins and contact contamination, as well as other disadvantages.
U.S. Army Aeromedical Research LaboratoryTBMG-3463606/01/2019
In October 1962, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Unit was established with a goal of providing specialized medical and physiological support to help close the gap between Army combat aviation needs and human capabilities, and to protect aviators from altitude, climate, noise, acceleration, impact, and other stressors in a growing hostile environment. In 1969, the Army re-designated the unit as the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL).
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