Browse Topic: Radiation

Items (648)

Prediction and Optimization of Noise radiation from a Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Transmission using Statistical Energy Analysis

2025-01-005105/05/2023

Heavy Duty (HD) linehaul vehicles are majorly used in transportation of goods and heavy loads between different cities or long distances. Considering the current trend, payload capacity of these heavy-duty trucks are increasing due to constant increase in the load demand. Due to which engine torques of these HD vehicles are increasing which in turn increases the transmission input torque. At higher torque levels, gear excitation also increases and transmission becomes more susceptible towards higher noise radiation. Global vehicle pass-by noise regulations for HD commercial vehicles are becoming more stringent. Historically transmissions have been considered a secondary noise source but with overall HD vehicle noise becoming quieter, the transmission can be more of a significant noise contributor. Hence, noise radiation from the transmission is also an important factor to be considered in the design phase. Gear whine is the major concern for sound radiation from the transmission. The

Rastogi, Sarthak, Milind, T. R.

Directivity driven simulation methodology for efficient Acoustic Encapsulation

2025-01-004805/05/2023

Noise Reduction at the source level is critical to achieve the overall vehicle level interior targets. This method presents a novel approach that integrates directivity analysis with simulation techniques to optimize acoustic encapsulation design for automotive sound sources to achieve the targeted radiation levels. The foundation for this methodology is to measure the angular distribution of sound pressure levels around the noise source so called Directivity, at every frequency of interest and determine the most effective Acoustic encapsulation to achieve the targeted sound radiation. Accurate measurement of directivity in physical testing with fine angular resolutions can be complex and expensive, this study utilizes numerical simulation techniques using FEA to mitigate the challenges in mid frequency range. The scope of the study is focused on mid frequency sound pressure levels between 500-2000 Hz, which are determined to be significant contributors to overall DU noise. The first

KALUVAKOTA, SRIKANTH, Ghaisas, Nikhil, Pilz, Fernando

Hybrid 3D Sound Intensity and Simulation for Optimizing Acoustic Output of Truck Rear Axles

2025-01-010505/05/2023

This study presents a novel methodology for optimizing the acoustic performance of rotating machinery by combining scattered 3D sound intensity data with numerical simulations, focusing on the rear axle of a truck. Using Scan&Paint 3D, sound intensity data is rapidly acquired over a large spatial area with the assistance of a 3D sound intensity probe and infrared stereo camera. The experimental data is then integrated into far-field radiation simulations, enabling detailed analysis of the acoustic behavior and accurate predictions of far-field sound radiation. This hybrid approach offers a significant advantage for assessing complex acoustic sources, allowing for quick and reliable evaluation of noise mitigation solutions. While the current application focuses on the truck's rear axle far-field radiation, the same method can be extended to predict in-cabin sound pressure, providing a versatile solution for many industrial problems.

Fernandez Comesana, Daniel, Vael, Georges, Robin, Xavier, Orselli, Joseph, Schmal, Jared

Medical Lasers: When the Laser Application Requires Utmost Safety

TBMG-4695111/01/2022

Novel Radiation Therapy Delays Brain Cancer Regrowth

TBMG-4695211/01/2022

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Design and Computational Investigations of Aerobot for Titan with maneuverability using momentum wheel and propeller equipped with droppable weather stations

2022-26-119105/26/2022

Titan, Saturn’s largest moon and the only celestial body which is found to have a landmass composed of liquid hydrocarbons. Nitrogen – The building block of all life that exists on earth is found to be abundant in Titan’s atmosphere of up to 97%. Aerobots provide a great platform for exploring a celestial body with an atmosphere such as Titan. They have modest power requirements, longer mission duration, and can cover a longer distance in a shorter time. They are powered by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator for optimal mission life. Aerobot’s altitude can be altered by varying the temperature of the air inside the balloon and yaw can be controlled using Reaction Wheel and a motor-driven propeller for forwarding thrust. The proposed Aerobot will be equipped with four miniature deployable fixed weather stations that can be dropped from the aerobot to titan’s surface. They can be deployed at diverse locations such as the equator and Polar Regions to deeply explore the Titan’s climate

Raja, Manoj Kumar, Sivasankaran, Abinash Nataraj, Saravana Mohan, Haribalan, Thangavel, Sabari, R, Vijayanandh, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar

Photocatalytic Cabin IAQ System to Eliminate Viruses Encountered in a Conditioned Space

2022-01-022103/29/2022

In a photocatalytic air purifier system, the catalyst that cleans the air is typically titanium dioxide and it is energized by ultraviolet (UV) light. When UV light shines on the titanium dioxide, electrons (negatively charged particles inside atoms) are released at its surface. The electrons interact with water molecules (H2O) in the air, breaking them up into hydroxyl radicals (OH·), which are highly reactive, short-lived, uncharged forms of hydroxide ions (OH−). These small, agile hydroxyl radicals then attack bigger organic (carbon-based like virus) pollutant molecules, breaking apart their chemical bonds and turning them into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water. The author has been conducting research in these systems for the past 4 years to eliminate living organic germs, bacteria; pathogen, etc. from the cabin air. An HVAC system has been developed by using a filter impregnated by titanium di-oxide (TiO2) with UV lights to improve and maintain cabin air quality

Mathur, Gursaran

Development of Thermal detection device for Automotive vehicles to monitor human body heat

2021-26-023209/22/2021

According to research study Epidemics such as SARS, COVID-19 spread have caused huge negative impacts on population health and the economy around the globe. The outbreak placed a huge burden on international health systems that were already straining to address AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and a host of other conditions. Research has proven that if infected person is not found easily then spread of infection in society will takes the shape of large-scale community transmission. Most of the infection spared cause due to infections may go unnoticed from the infected person. One part of the access checker scans a person’s body temperature by measuring infrared radiation emitted by their skin. Fever screening by infrared thermal imaging has become more widespread following the SARS infection, and particularly during the pandemic H1N1 and COVID-19 outbreak. skin temperature measured without contact by monitoring the emitted infrared radiation. Infrared thermal camera that monitor radiations

Pajgade, Sachin Madhukarrao, Bhargava, Aashish

INRS Researchers Design the World’s Fastest UV Camera

TBMG-3863103/01/2021

Imagine being able to snap a picture of extremely fast events on the order of a picosecond. Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) captures the entire process in real time and unparalleled resolution with just one click. The spatial and temporal information is first compressed into an image and then, using a reconstruction algorithm, it is converted into a video.

High-Brightness Source of Coherent Light Spanning From the UV to THz

TBMG-3862703/01/2021

An international team of scientists reports a novel technique for a high-brightness coherent and few-cycle duration source spanning seven optical octaves from the UV to the THz.

3D Printed Bioink-Loaded Stents Treat Inflammation

TBMG-3832801/01/2021

Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk, Korea

Detector Senses X-Rays Over a Broad Energy Range

TBMG-3797311/01/2020

Getting an X-ray remains a little risky, as radiation exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cancer; however, researchers have discovered a new way to generate precise X-ray images with a lower amount of exposure.

Biomaterial Shields Against Harmful Radiation

TBMG-3764009/01/2020

Researchers have synthesized a new form of melanin enriched with selenium. Called selenomelanin, the new biomaterial shows promise as a shield for human tissue against harmful radiation.

Directional UAV Localization of Power Line Ultraviolet Corona

TBMG-3748308/01/2020

NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed a novel system that uses an ultraviolet camera to detect, inspect, and analyze a corona discharge. This discharge signifies a power line fault, making the technology ideal for use in power line inspections. When coupled to a drone, the technology offers the ability to remotely monitor power lines in a cost-effective way. Adding GPS technology results in precise location of power line faults.

Researchers Develop New X-Ray Detector

TBMG-3724707/01/2020

Scientists have identified a new class of x-ray detectors based on layered perovskites, a semiconducting material also used in some other types of applications such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The detector with the new material is 100 times more sensitive than conventional, silicon-based x-ray detectors.

Reinforcement of Low-Frequency Sound by Using a Panel Speaker Attached to the Roof Panel of a Passenger Car

2020-01-157006/03/2020

The woofer in a car should be large to cover the low frequencies, so it is heavy and needs an ample space to be installed in a passenger car. The geometry of the woofer should conform to the limited available space and layout in general. In many cases, the passengers feel that the low-frequency contents are not satisfactory although the speaker specification covers the low frequencies. In this work, a thin panel is installed between the roof liner and the roof panel, and it is used as the woofer. The vibration field is controlled by many small actuators to create the speaker and baffle zones to avoid the sound distortion due to the modal interaction. The generation of speaker and baffle zones follows the inverse vibro-acoustic rendering technique. In the actual implementation, a thin acrylic plate of 0.53ⅹ0.2 m2 is used as the radiator panel, and the control actuator array is composed of 16 moving-coil actuators. The shape of the desired speaker zone is an ellipse, and the required

Lee, Ki-Ho, Cho, Munhwan, Ih, Jeong-Guon

Durability Study of Automotive Additive Manufactured Specimens

2020-01-095704/14/2020

The long-term weathering behavior of three different 3D printable, non-stabilized, UV cure resin formulations (A and B with thiol-ene base, and C with acrylate chemistry) was studied using tensile testing, nano-indentation, and photoacoustic infrared (FTIR-PAS) spectroscopy. To this end, type I tensile bars were printed from each resin system using a 3D printer, and were post UV-cured under a broad spectrum source. Systems A and C showed a similar trend after weathering. They first experienced an increase in modulus and tensile strength, due to additional crosslinking of the residual unreacted species. This increase in mechanical properties was followed by a drop in modulus, tensile strength, and percent elongation, due to the over-crosslinking and consequent embrittlement. System B, however, showed remarkable retention of the mechanical properties before/after weathering. Nano-indentation results were in good agreement with the tensile properties, showing a similar trend in hardness

Zareanshahraki, Forough, Davenport, Amelia, Cramer, Neil, Seubert, Christopher, Lee, Ellen, Cassoli, Matthew

Human Health Risk Assessment of Space Radiation

2020-01-002003/10/2020

Mars has been the topic of colonization and discovery for the last few decades but there have been hindrances in implementing the mission. This focus on Mars colonization has only deepened after the discovery of water on its surface. The discovery of water on Mars has led researchers to believe that its sustainability of life is higher than any other uncolonized planet. Although, life can survive on Mars, it is highly unethical to send communities to Mars without acknowledging the risks, especially those concerning the well being of humans. The risks of living on Mars are slowly unraveling through extensive research, but it is evident that certain health care measures must be taken in order to prevent potentially fatal conditions. One of the biggest problems is health concerns that astronauts face after returning from Mars. Health problems in space have been increasingly difficult to deal with because of the lasting circumstances that astronauts suffer upon returning back to Earth. As

Rajkumar, Ashmita

RAD-HARD Microelectronics for Space Applications

TBMG-3607102/01/2020

For orbiting satellites, design requirements are extensive as a result of the extreme environment in space, including wide-ranging and rapidly changing temperatures, satellite body charging effects and high-energy particle bombardment and radiation. These dynamics drive the need for high-reliability engineering concepts for all system components. In the case of microelectronics, this takes a unique form and drives innovation for techniques to overcome these damaging effects.

RAD-HARD Microelectronics for Space Applications

20AERP02_0102/01/2020

Analysis of Metal Pick-Up Formation Process within Automotive Brake Pad

05-13-01-000311/19/2019

Metal Pick-Up (MPU) is a problematic phenomenon in automotive disc brakes. MPU generally forms as some metal lumps on the surface of the brake pad. If brake pads have MPU, during braking they would cause grooving of the disc rotor, generating brake noise and deteriorating the performance of the brake. The previous literature has so far reported that the source of the MPU is an Fe component from a disc rotor or brake pads. However, only a few of the generation mechanisms of MPU have been proven. We investigate MPU to completely elucidate the mechanism of MPU generation by using different analyses than the previous literature. First, to find out the source of MPU generation, we focus on the chemical reaction of a certain component with wear debris during braking, and some of the verification experiments are conducted under the conditions of simulated friction interface. Second, to clarify the change in the form of the MPU growth process, the crystal structure of MPU is analyzed in detail

Noda, Hirokazu, Takei, Takahiro

Ultraviolet Rays Quickly Bash Bacteria on Mobile Devices

TBMG-3534310/01/2019

Ultraviolet light has been used for more than 30 years as a source of disinfectant. A newly introduced product uses the technology to eliminate bacteria on cell phones, tablets and other mobile devices in 20 seconds, and is used worldwide in healthcare facilities, biotech manufacturing plants, and even food processing facilities.

Graphene Field Effect Transistors for Radiation Detection (GFET-RS)

TBMG-3514809/01/2019

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center developed novel transistor technology based on a single graphene layer coupled to a radiation absorber substrate. Unlike conventional charge-sensing detectors, the GFET-RS utilizes the sensitive dependence of graphene conductance on local change of the electric field, which can be induced by interaction of radiation with the underlying absorber substrate.

Terahertz Data Links Without Direct Line of Sight

TBMG-3514309/01/2019

Today’s cellular networks and Wi-Fi systems rely on microwave radiation to carry data but the demand for more bandwidth is quickly becoming more than microwaves can handle. That has researchers thinking about transmitting data on higher-frequency terahertz waves, which have as much as 100 times the data-carrying capacity of microwaves. But terahertz communication technology is in its infancy — there is much basic research to be done and plenty of challenges to overcome.

Precise Temperature Measurements with Invisible Light

TBMG-3513909/01/2019

A portable, stable, standards-quality radiation thermometer was invented that can measure temperatures between -50 °C (-58 °F) to 150 °C (302 °F). The corresponding infrared wavelengths are from 8 to 14 micrometers.

Method Uses Ultraviolet Light to Control Fluid Flow and Organize Particles

TBMG-3490708/01/2019

A new method uses ultraviolet light to control the flow of fluids by encouraging particles — from plastic microbeads, to bacterial spores, to pollutants — to gather and organize at a specific location within a liquid and, if desired, move to new locations.

Nominal High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Waveforms

TBMG-3487008/01/2019

Even before the Trinity nuclear test in July of 1945, physicists predicted a transient electromagnetic signal would be caused by high-energy photons released from the detonation interacting with the air around the detonation. Predictions of these signals were difficult to make due to the complexity of the physics unleashed by the detonation.

Nominal High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Waveforms

19AERP08_0808/01/2019

Calculating the characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulses created by the detonation of a nuclear device. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia Even before the Trinity nuclear test in July of 1945, physicists predicted a transient electromagnetic signal would be caused by high-energy photons released from the detonation interacting with the air around the detonation. Predictions of these signals were difficult to make due to the complexity of the physics unleashed by the detonation. Post-World War II, there was a period of active atmospheric nuclear testing until 1962, during which measurements of these signals were made in order to understand the phenomena that were previously largely viewed as an annoyance and impediment to other instrumentation. The name “electromagnetic pulse” (EMP) began to be used to refer to these signals.

Supergel System Cleans Radioactively Contaminated Structures

TBMG-3473207/01/2019

A system was developed that can remove radioactive cesium contamination from porous structures such as brick and concrete that are hard to clean, as well as contamination from metal surfaces. The Supergel system focuses on rapid response, capturing as much of the contamination as possible, as quickly as possible, and filling a technology gap immediately.

Radiometric Temperature Measurement Using a DLP-Based Pyrometer

TBMG-3438905/01/2019

Researchers at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center have identified and evaluated recently available miniature spectrometers that enable compact and robust pyrometry systems capable of measuring aircraft surface temperatures and emissivity during flight.

Measurement Method for Radioactive Methane

TBMG-3438405/01/2019

Anew method for measuring radioactive methane is an optical one based on spectroscopy. Previously, radioactive methane has been measured with accelerator mass spectrometry involving expensive machines. Optical measuring could be a cheaper and more agile method.

Technique Provides Rapid Assessment of Radiation Exposure

TBMG-3413904/01/2019

Researchers have developed a new technique that assesses radiation exposure in about an hour using an insulator material found in most modern electronics. The technique can be used to triage medical cases in the event of a radiological disaster.

Measurement Technique for Continuous-Wave, Modulated, and Pulsed Monochromatic Radiation

TBMG-3417704/01/2019

In many applications, such as remote sensing of atmospheric trace gases, monochromatic radiation with multiple discrete wavelengths is required. To date, there no instrument or technique that measures the wavelength jitters and fluctuations in real time.

Walking Robot Moves Without GPS

TBMG-3387002/27/2019

Ants are able to use polarized light and ultraviolet radiation to locate themselves in space. AntBot mimics this ability to explore its environment randomly and go home automatically, without GPS or mapping.

Enhanced X-Ray Imaging Determines Molecular Structure

TBMG-3358501/01/2019

For more than 100 years, X-rays have been used in crystallography to determine the structure of molecules. At the heart of the method are the principles of diffraction and superposition, to which all waves are subject. Light waves consisting of photons are deflected by the atoms in the crystal and overlap — like water waves generated by obstacles in a slowly flowing stream. If a sufficient number of these photons can be measured with a detector, a characteristic diffraction pattern or wave pattern is obtained from which the atomic structure of the crystal can be derived. This requires that photons are scattered coherently, meaning that there is a clear phase relationship between incident and reflected photons. This corresponds to water waves that are deflected from the obstacles without vortexes or turbulences. If photon scattering is incoherent, the fixed phase relationship between the scattered photons disperses, making it impossible to determine the arrangement of the atoms — just

Wearable “Microbrewery” Monitors Radiation Exposure

TBMG-3362601/01/2019

Radiology workers are regularly exposed to low doses of radiation when they obtain patient imagery such as X-rays. While protective gear largely keeps workers within a safe range of radiation exposure, absorbing a little bit is still inevitable. Radiation doses creeping above regulated guidelines pose risk for developing conditions such as cancer, cataracts, skin irritation, or thyroid disease.

Gated Chopper Integrator (GCI)

TBMG-3339212/01/2018

Microvolt-level signals require gains of at least a thousand. Offsets and noise in the amplifier chain will be amplified by the same amount, which can saturate the amplifier or swamp the signal so it is not resolvable. Other methods use chopping and/or autozero techniques to lower the offset and noise. The key disadvantages of these methods are they require filters before and/or after demodulation of the amplified signal and delay equalization to account for the delay through the amplifier(s) prior to the demodulator. The gain of these circuits is generally limited to fixed values determined by resistors. These methods are also susceptible to transient noise associated with the switching action of the modulator.

Technique Creates Adaptive Materials

TBMG-3309710/01/2018

A technique that enables on-demand control of composite behavior could enable a variety of new capabilities for future rotorcraft design, performance, and maintenance. The focus of the research was on controlling how molecules interact with each other; specifically, having them interact in such a way that changes at a small size, or nanoscale, could lead to observed changes at a larger size, or macroscale.

5 Ws of a Simple Nerve Gas Detector

TBMG-3285509/01/2018

First responders, soldiers, and scientists in the field.

Nuclear Radiation-Detecting Device

TBMG-2970307/01/2018

A material was developed for nuclear radiation detection that could provide a significantly less expensive alternative to the detectors now in commercial use. Specifically, the high-performance material is used in a device that can detect gamma rays — weak signals given off by nuclear materials — and easily identify individual radioactive isotopes. The device could be used in applications in homeland security such as detecting dirty bombs and the proliferation of nuclear materials.

Radiation Analysis Software

TBMG-2903506/01/2018

For emergencies involving radiation, decision-makers must have a means to swiftly assess the situation. Having analysis tools that can quickly and reliably make sense of radiation data is of the essence.

“Lighthouse” Detectors Minimize Workers’ Exposure to Dangerous Radiation

TBMG-2901506/01/2018

Innovative “lighthouse” detectors, which use a sweeping beam to pinpoint a radiation source in seconds, are reducing radiation exposure for workers and opening up new areas for robotic monitoring to avoid potential hazards.

Enhanced Low-Order Model with Radiation for Total Temperature Probe Analysis and Design

01-11-01-000305/16/2018

Analysis and design of total temperature probes for accurate measurements in hot, high-speed flows remains a topic of great interest in aerospace propulsion and a number of other engineering areas. One can apply detailed computational methods for simultaneous convection, conduction and radiation heat transfer, but such approaches are not suitable for rapid, routine analysis and design studies. For these studies, there is still a place for low-order approximate methods, and that is the subject of this article. Here, an enhanced, low-order model is presented that includes conduction with variable thermal conductivity, convection with varying convection coefficient, varying diameter (and thus area) along the length of the sensor and radiation, all implemented in a convenient MATLAB code. We have also developed a new novel procedure to integrate the enhanced low-order model with computational fluid dynamics/conjugate heat transfer (CHT/CFD) simulations to accurately predict the important

Vincent, Tyler, Schetz, Joseph, Lowe, K. Todd

Tamper Sensor for Safeguarding Radiological Sources

TBMG-2853703/01/2018

Panoramic irradiators are commonly used to disinfect and sterilize products such as medical supplies, cosmetic raw materials, food, food containers, and medical supplies. The irradiators typically use Cobalt 60 as a source of radiation — a material that could potentially be used to build a “dirty bomb.” As a result, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires installation of a security system for each irradiator; however, current electronic security systems have a short lifespan due to the fact that the radiation source must be stored in a pool of water.

Dual-Field-of-View Multiband Optics

TBMG-2815901/01/2018

Multi-spectral-band systems are steadily emerging as a desired feature in a camera system. Each spectral band offers different image characteristics. Shorter-wavelength spectral bands provide the potential for better resolution due to the smaller impact of diffraction on the size of the optics blur. This means that a smaller-aperture optical system with a shorter wavelength can be used to see a further distance than that of a longer wavelength.

Creating an Impedance Matching Method for Wireless Battery Charging

TBMG-2818901/01/2018

Keysight Technologies Santa Rosa, CA

Electromagnetic Metamaterial with Wide Angular and Broadband Spectral Absorption

TBMG-2816201/01/2018

Propagation in a waveguide requires proper termination of signals to prevent reflections from interfering with the desired circuit functionality. Conventional termination designs for a two-dimensional planar waveguide topology provide maximum signal suppression in the direction perpendicular (so-called normal incidence in optics) to the structure, and can exhibit poor performance when the signal is incident at a modest angle of incident. The purpose of the innovation is a calculable metamaterial design for an absorber or termination that has broadband frequency response and low signal reflection over large incident angles.

Fiber-Optic Environmental Radiation Dosimeter

TBMG-2769910/01/2017

An all-optical, fiber-optic-coupled remote radiation sensor was developed using luminescent, copper-doped quartz material. The key to the technology is the doped quartz material, which produces a luminescence signal that is directly proportional to the radiation dose.

ERRATUM: Enhanced Low-Order Model with Radiation for Total Temperature Probe Analysis and Design

2017-01-2047.0109/19/2017

Vincent, Tyler, Schetz, Joseph, Lowe, K. Todd

Radiation Tolerant “Smart Backplanes” for Spacecraft Avionics

TBMG-2748609/01/2017

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