Browse Topic: Evacuation and escape

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EDITORIAL: Farewell and thanks, Mr. Birch21AUTP06_0401/27/2025
“We pay close attention to the SAE magazines because your guy in Europe writes interesting articles,” a BMW engineering executive told me one year at the Frankfurt Motor Show. He was referring to Stuart Birch, our veteran European Editor, who has recently decided - after nearly 37 years of outstanding reporting for SAE International - to hang up his keyboard and spend more time with his wife, Kim, their family and friends in the British countryside, and his classic Porsche 911. Our staff had been dreading the day that Stuart would announce his retirement, foremost because he's been a great friend as well as a colleague. And because journalists with his qualities - professionalism, perspective, a powerful work ethic and great wit - are increasingly rare in the mobility-technology space. As SAE's global audience knew, Stuart Birch delivered compelling technical and business information. He covered product, processes and people with equal poise. And he thrived on the R&D beat: Virtual
Brooke, Lindsay
Magazine Article
Performance Standard for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective EquipmentAS8048A (Current)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protection from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Performance Standard for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective EquipmentAS8048A-TEST-REC (Historical)09/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protection from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Performance Standard for Cabin Crew Portable Protective Breathing Equipment for Use During Aircraft EmergenciesAS8047 (Current)08/09/2021
This aerospace standard (AS) defines the requirements of portable protective breathing equipment for use during smoke/fire conditions on board an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Technical Standard
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Baggage Relating to the Emergency Evacuation of Transport Category AircraftARP4072A (Current)05/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides information and recommended guidelines for handling carry-on baggage prior to emergencies and during the emergency evacuation of transport category aircraft. Recommendations are provided on limiting the size, amount, and weight of carry-on baggage brought into the cabin, improved stowage of carry-on baggage to minimize hazards to passengers in flight and during emergency evacuations, and procedures to ensure carry-on baggage is not removed during an emergency evacuation.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Flight Deck Interior Doors for Transport AircraftARP4101/8A (Current)02/18/2020
This document recommends criteria for standardizing flight deck interior doors and their operation to optimize their use under normal and emergency conditions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Wearable Devices Allow Direct Communication by TouchTBMG-3415504/01/2019
Emergency situations such as trying to escape heavy smoke from fire could leave the sense of touch as the only way to find an exit. Rather than trying to look at a smartphone screen, a smartwatch — alerted by the same alarms — begins “speaking” through the wearer’s skin, giving directions with coded vibrations, squeezes, and tugs with meanings as clear as spoken words. In other scenarios, a surgeon or a pilot might find it useful to have another channel of communication.
Magazine Article
Emergency Portability of Slide/RaftsARP5252A (Current)03/18/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends design features for facilitating relocation of portable slide/rafts for deployment at an alternate exit under ditching conditions.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
Survival Kit - Life Rafts and Slide/RaftsARP1282B (Current)03/05/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) applies to survival kits to be carried with life rafts or slide/rafts on transport category airplanes flying extended over-water routes and equipped with approved satellite alerting devices (e.g., 406 MHz Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)), available for deployment after an emergency landing.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
Aircraft Parachute Recovery SystemsTBMG-3376102/01/2019
BRS Aerospace South St. Paul, MN 651-457-7491
Magazine Article
Offshore Oil Workers Learn Survival Skills in Astronaut Training PoolTBMG-3369102/01/2019
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Magazine Article
Exits and Their Operation - Air Transport Cabin EmergencyARP488F (Current)03/14/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides design and performance recommendations for emergency exits in the passenger cabin.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Demonstration Emergency EquipmentARP6239 (Historical)01/04/2017
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the design and features of aircraft demonstration emergency equipment for use in passenger safety briefings.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
Issues in Stairway Design Aboard Transport Category AirplanesAIR5670 (Historical)10/22/2016
This document contains information that can be used by the air transportation industry to evaluate the design of airplane interior stairways with respect to the safety of passengers and crew in normal operating conditions and emergency evacuations.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Information Report
Aircraft Evacuation Signal SystemARP1178B (Historical)10/22/2016
This Aerospace Recommended Practice recommends general criteria for the development and installation of an aircraft emergency signal system to permit any crew member (flight or cabin) to inform all other crew members that an emergency evacuation situation exists and that an evacuation has been or should be immediately started.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
NASA Launch Pads Protected Against Lightning-Induced Power SurgesTBMG-2066810/01/2014
Circuit protection components Littelfuse Chicago, IL 773-628-1000
Magazine Article
Mississippi Evacuation and Traveler’s Assistance (MSETA) SoftwareTBMG-2058709/01/2014
The Mississippi Evacuation and Traveler’s Assistance (MSETA) system provides public assistance for emergency evacuation and tourism/travel. The MSETA system is composed of three major components: (1) a Web server that provides an interface to the public, (2) a GIS/backend server that retrieves data from multiple sources, and (3) a database server to store the data.
Magazine Article
Safety Briefings for Passengers in Exit RowsARP5655 (Historical)05/02/2014
This SAE ARP provides guidance for (1) ensuring passenger suitability for being seated in an exit row and (2) the standardization of safety briefings for passengers, seated at exits, who may be responsible for opening exits on transport airplanes during an emergency. This recommendation is primarily for briefing passengers seated in the Type III overwing exit row, but may be applied to briefing passengers responsible for other exit types. In addition, these recommendations pertain to briefings on airplanes on which the flight attendants would conduct the exit row briefing, and to briefings on airplanes without flight attendants, on which pilots would conduct the briefing.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446A (Current)04/14/2014
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Flight Deck Escape Provisions for Transport AircraftARP4101/7A (Current)07/18/2013
The purpose of this document is to recommend criteria for the provision of crew escape facilities from the flight deck area.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Stowage of Flight Crew's Survival Emergency and Miscellaneous EquipmentARP4101/6A (Current)07/18/2013
This document recommends general specifications for the location, accessibility and restraint for those items of survival, emergency, and miscellaneous equipment which are intended to be used by the flight crew, and which are stowed on or near the flight deck.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Life RaftsARP1356B (Current)05/21/2013
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes criteria for the design and performance of aircraft life raft devices which will ensure their rapid and effective use as a flotation device in a water landing. This document is not intended to specify particular design methods, mechanisms, or equipment to be used to accomplish the objectives established herein.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
SATPLOT for Analysis of SECCHI Heliospheric Imager DataTBMG-1466209/01/2012
Determining trajectories of solar transients such as coronal mass ejections is not always easy. White light images from SECCHI’s (Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation) heliospheric imagers are difficult to interpret because they represent a lineof- sight projection of optically thin solar wind structures. A structure’s image by itself gives no information about its angle of propagation relative to the Sunspacecraft line, and an image may show a superposition of several structures, all propagating at different angles. Analyzing SECCHI heliospheric imager data using plots of elongation (angle from the Sun) versus time at fixed position angle (aka “Jplots”) has proved extremely useful in understanding the observed solar wind structures. This technique has been used to study CME (coronal mass ejection) propagation, CIRs (corotating interaction regions), and blobs.
Magazine Article
Launch Escape System Advances Commercial Human SpaceflightTBMG-1098809/01/2011
Launch escape system Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Hawthorne, CA 310-363-6000 www.spacex.com
Magazine Article
Software Displays Data on Active Regions of the SunTBMG-1093809/01/2011
The Solar Active Region Display System is a computer program that generates, in near real time, a graphical display of parameters indicative of the spatial and temporal variations of activity on the Sun. These parameters include histories and distributions of solar flares, active region growth, coronal mass ejections, size, and magnetic configuration.
Magazine Article
Crew Test Module Provides Launch Escape SystemTBMG-916502/01/2011
New Shepard rocket-propelled vehicle Blue Origin Kent, WA 253-872-0411
Magazine Article
Emergency Notification System Enables Coordinated Communication Across FacilitiesTBMG-860310/01/2010
The Communicator! NXT emergency notification system PlantCML, an EADS North America company Franklin, TN 951-719-2423 www.plantcml-eads.com
Magazine Article
Three Methods of Detection of HydrazinesTBMG-793005/01/2010
Three proposed methods for measuring trace quantities of hydrazines involve ionization and detection of hydrazine derivatives. These methods are intended to overcome the limitations of prior hydrazine-detection methods.
Magazine Article
Exits and Their Operation – Air Transport Cabin EmergencyARP488E (Historical)04/14/2010
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides design and performance recommendations for emergency exits in the passenger cabin.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Probabilistic Multi-Factor Interaction Model for Complex Material BehaviorTBMG-761103/01/2010
Complex material behavior is represented by a single equation of product form to account for interaction among the various factors. The factors are selected by the physics of the problem and the environment that the model is to represent. For example, different factors will be required for each to represent temperature, moisture, erosion, corrosion, etc. It is important that the equation represent the physics of the behavior in its entirety accurately.
Magazine Article
Integrated Modeling of Spacecraft Touch-And-Go SamplingIntegrated Modeling of Spacecraft Touch-And-Go SamplingTBMG-566609/01/2009
An integrated modeling tool has been developed to include multi-body dynamics, orbital dynamics, and touch-and-go dynamics for spacecraft covering three types of end- effectors: a sticky pad, a brush-wheel sampler, and a pellet gun.
Magazine Article
Improved Aerogel Vacuum Thermal InsulationTBMG-562909/01/2009
An improved design concept for aerogel vacuum thermal-insulation panels calls for multiple layers of aerogel sandwiched between layers of aluminized Mylar (or equivalent) poly(ethylene terephthalate), as depicted in the figure. This concept is applicable to both the rigid (brick) form and the flexible (blanket) form of aerogel vacuum thermal-insulation panels.
Magazine Article
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Baggage Relating to the Emergency Evacuation of Transport Category AircraftARP4072 (Historical)08/04/2009
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides information and recommended guidelines for handling carry-on baggage prior to emergencies and during the emergency evacuation of transport category aircraft. Recommendations are provided on limiting the size, amount, and weight of carry-on baggage brought into the cabin, improved stowage of carry-on baggage to minimize hazards to passengers in flight and during emergency evacuations, and procedures to ensure carry-on baggage is not removed during an emergency evacuation.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Robert W. Moorehead, Director of Space Flight Systems, John H. Glenn Research CenterTBMG-339711/01/2008
Robert W. Moorehead served as NASA’s chief investigator for the Space Shuttle Challenger accident in 1986 and managed the Space Station Freedom program from 1989 to 1993. He has also held the title of NASA’s Chief Engineer, developing system architectures for the Space Shuttle’s replacement. He is currently Director of Space Flight Systems at the John H. Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
Magazine Article
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446 (Historical)06/12/2008
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Items During the Emergency Evacuation of Transport AircraftAIR4072A (Current)11/19/2007
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information about and suggests guidelines for handling carry-on items prior to and during the emergency evacuation of transport aircraft.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Information Report
Flight Deck Interior Doors for Transport AircraftARP4101/8 (Historical)07/10/2007
This document recommends criteria for standardization of flight deck interior doors and their operation which will provide optimum use under normal and emergency conditions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Flight Deck Escape Provisions for Transport AircraftARP4101/7 (Historical)07/10/2007
The purpose of this document is to recommend criteria for the provision of crew escape facilities from the flight deck area.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Stowage of Flight Crew’s Survival Emergency and Miscellaneous EquipmentARP4101/6 (Historical)07/10/2007
This document recommends general specifications for the location, accessibility and restraint for those items of survival, emergency, and miscellaneous equipment which are intended to be used by the flight crew, and which are stowed on or near the flight deck.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Recommended Practice
Emergency Portability of Slide/RaftsARP5252 (Historical)01/18/2007
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends design features for facilitating relocation of portable slide/rafts for deployment at an alternate exit under ditching conditions.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
Forecasting of Storm-Surge Floods Using ADCIRC and Optimized DEMsTBMG-126912/01/2006
Increasing the accuracy of storm-surge flood forecasts is essential for improving preparedness for hurricanes and other severe storms and, in particular, for optimizing evacuation scenarios. An interactive database, developed by WorldWinds, Inc., contains atlases of storm-surge flood levels for the Louisiana/Mississippi gulf coast region. These atlases were developed to improve forecasting of flooding along the coastline and estuaries and in adjacent inland areas. Storm-surge heights depend on a complex interaction of several factors, including: storm size, central minimum pressure, forward speed of motion, bottom topography near the point of landfall, astronomical tides, and, most importantly, maximum wind speed.
Magazine Article
AFRL Teams With Indy Racing League® for Neck ProtectionTBMG-465004/01/2006
The bulletlike, open-wheel Indy racing cars hurtle around oval tracks at breakneck velocities, often approaching speeds of 220 mph or higher. While a crash at this speed is a violent, sometimes tragic event, it is nonetheless a key data source for AFRL researchers seeking ways to create a safer environment for Air Force (AF) fighter pilots during emergency ejection.
Magazine Article
Decision Support for Emergency Operations CentersTBMG-77506/01/2005
The Flood Disaster Mitigation Decision Support System (DSS) is a computerized information system that allows regional emergency-operations government officials to make decisions regarding the dispatch of resources in response to flooding. The DSS implements a real-time model of inundation utilizing recently acquired lidar elevation data as well asreal-time data from flood gauges, and other instruments within and upstream of an area that is or could become flooded. The DSS information is updated as new data become available. The model generates real-time maps of flooded areas and predicts flood crests at specified locations. The inundation maps are overlaid with information on population densities, property values, hazardous materials, evacuation routes, official contact information, and other information needed for emergency response. The program maintains a database and a Web portal through which real-time data from instrumentation are gathered into the database. Also included in the
Magazine Article
Decision Support for Emergency Operations CentersTBMG-89906/01/2005
The Flood Disaster Mitigation Decision Support System (DSS) is a computerized information system that allows regional emergency-operations government officials to make decisions regarding the dispatch of resources in response to flooding. The DSS implements a real-time model of inundation utilizing recently acquired lidar elevation data as well as real-time data from flood gauges, and other instruments within and upstream of an area that is or could become flooded. The DSS information is updated as new data become available. The model generates real-time maps of flooded areas and predicts flood crests at specified locations. The inundation maps are overlaid with information on population densities, property values, hazardous materials, evacuation routes, official contact information, and other information needed for emergency response. The program maintains a database and a Web portal through which real-time data from instrumentation are gathered into the database. Also included in the
Magazine Article
Ball Bearings Equipped for In Situ Lubrication on DemandTBMG-84803/01/2005
In situ systems that provide fresh lubricants to ball/race contacts on demand have been developed to prolong the operational lives of ball bearings. These systems were originally intended to be incorporated into ball bearings in mechanisms that are required to operate in outer space for years, in conditions in which lubricants tend to deteriorate and/or evaporate. These systems may also be useful for similarly prolonging bearing lifetimes on Earth.
Magazine Article
Validation of Earplug Accelerometers as a Means of Measuring Head Motion2004-01-353811/30/2004
To test whether earplugs used by IRL and CART accurately measure the head accelerations under impact conditions, manikins and human volunteers were impacted on the AFRL Horizontal Impact Accelerator (HIA) up to -10 Gx, and 150 ms duration. Manikin heads contained 3 linear and 3 angular accelerometers while the humans used a bite bar containing 3 linear and one (Ry, pitch) angular accelerometer. Each subject wore the custom made instrumented earplugs. Wavelet analysis showed that the head accelerations during the primary response were linearly correlated with left and right earplugs at from .964 to .991. The earplugs provide a good measure of primary head acceleration.
Knox, Ted
Technical Paper
Passenger Evacuation Devices - Civil Air TransportARP495D (Current)05/21/2004
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes criteria for design and installation of devices which will ensure rapid and effective occupant evacuation in the event of an emergency. This ARP deals with emergency evacuation devices installed for the purpose of rapidly assisting the occupants to the ground or water from emergency exits and/or wings. NOTE: This document is not intended to specify design methods, mechanisms or equipment to be used in accomplishment of the objectives set forth herein.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Recommended Practice
Enhanced Security Flight Deck Doors-Commercial Airplanes2003-01-301809/08/2003
In the wake of the 9/11/2001 hijacking events, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has emphasized the need for enhanced flight deck doors on commercial airplanes. The paper describes enhanced flight deck door, which meets the new FAA requirements for intrusion resistance and ballistic protection. In addition, the new door meets the existing requirements for rapid decompression, flight crew security and rescue.
Movsesian, Sami
Technical Paper
Computational Analyses of Ejection Seat Cushions for Optimal Control of Spinal Injuries2003-01-300109/08/2003
Investigations were made on computational analyses of ejection seat cushions, which include the characterization of the impact properties of ejection seat cushions, computational modeling of an ejection seat cushion system using a rigid multi-body dynamics program, parametric optimization of the cushion impact properties, and global sensitivity analysis of the safety performance of a cushion to its impact properties. The results indicate that computational analyses can be used to effectively evaluate and improve the cushion performance in the prevention and reduction of spinal injuries.
Cheng, Zhiqing, Rizer, Annette L., Pellettiere, Joseph A.
Technical Paper
Emergency Placarding - Internal and ExternalARP577D (Historical)01/30/2003
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides criteria for the development and standardization of placards containing signs, symbols and/or instructions for locating and operating exits and emergency equipment that might be used or operated by cabin occupants and rescue personnel under emergency conditions. In addition, this ARP gives guidance in the selection and development of warning placards. The placards are intended to be seen and understood by occupants within and, in the case of external exit placards, by persons outside of the airplane.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Recommended Practice
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