Browse Topic: Evacuation and escape

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Impact of Harness Integrated Crash RestraintsF-0081-2025-02705/20/2025
The Crashworthy and Escape Systems Branch at NAWCAD has been developing an integrated restraint harness concept for several years, with the intent of developing a novel method of providing improved occupant protection in a crash scenario. A series of tests was conducted on the Horizontal Accelerator at NAS Patuxent River to evaluate the performance of the prototype integrated-restraint system under MIL-STD-58095 conditions with the 50th percentile male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD). While occupant flail was the primary metric being analyzed in this effort, ATD instrumentation was also captured, showing that the integrated restraint system demonstrated a significant reduction in head flail compared to five-point restraints while maintaining injury criteria within acceptable levels.
Anderson, Eric, Minnich, Shannon
Performance Standard for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective EquipmentAS8048A (Current)9/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protection from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Performance Standard for Cabin Crew Portable Protective Breathing Equipment for Use During Aircraft EmergenciesAS8047 (Current)8/9/2021
This aerospace standard (AS) defines the requirements of portable protective breathing equipment for use during smoke/fire conditions on board an aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Baggage Relating to the Emergency Evacuation of Transport Category AircraftARP4072A (Current)5/20/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides information and recommended guidelines for handling carry-on baggage prior to emergencies and during the emergency evacuation of transport category aircraft. Recommendations are provided on limiting the size, amount, and weight of carry-on baggage brought into the cabin, improved stowage of carry-on baggage to minimize hazards to passengers in flight and during emergency evacuations, and procedures to ensure carry-on baggage is not removed during an emergency evacuation.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
ITIS Phrase Lists (International Traveler Information Systems)J2540/2_202012 (Current)12/6/2020
This standard provides a table of textual messages meeting the requirements for expressing International Traveler Information Systems (ITIS) phrases commonly used in the ITS industry. The tables provided herein follow the rules of SAE J2540 and therefore allow a local representation in various different languages, media expressions, etc., to allow true international use of these phrases. The phrases are predominantly intended for use in the description of traffic-related events of interest to travelers and other traffic practitioners. Other phrases exist for other specific specialty areas of ITS, and all such phrases follow a set of encoding and decoding rules outlined in SAE J2540 to ensure that the use of these phrases in messages remain interoperable between disparate types of user equipment. Implementers are cautioned to obtain the most recent set of tables by means of the ITS data registry, a process which involves SAE and other standards-setting organizations, and which is intended to maintain and enhance the level of harmonization among ITS standards set by each of the organizations. This standard defines the normative index values to be used to provide phrases needed by ITS practitioners. This standard provides non-normative textual phrases which MAY be used by implementers to ensure intelligible results. This standard follows the formats and rules established in SAE J2540 in the expressions, manipulations, and use of such tables. It should be pointed out that within the rules established by this standard, a variety of final tables are all considered “conformant” with the standard, and may vary as fits the needs of implementers.
V2X Core Technical Committee
Flight Deck Interior Doors for Transport AircraftARP4101/8A (Current)2/18/2020
This document recommends criteria for standardizing flight deck interior doors and their operation to optimize their use under normal and emergency conditions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Stagnation Region of Aero-Engine Inlet Vanes due to Ejection Slot and Anisotropic Heat Conduction2019-01-20406/10/2019
Ice protection is important for aero-engine induction system, such as the inlet vanes. For the ice protection of such parts manufactured with low thermal conductivity polymer-based composite material, the combined heating method using interior jet impingement and exterior ejection film has certain advantages. The simulation model coupling CFD with solid heat conduction was developed and solved with the anisotropic thermal conductivities model to investigate the heat transfer enhancement in the stagnation region of aero-engine inlet vanes due to ejection slot and anisotropic heat conduction, which is related to the curved geometry, ejection slots and anisotropic heat conduction. The temperature distribution and heat flux ratio between the stagnation region on outside surface and the impingement region inside were calculated and analyzed for the configuration with different ejection angle and different materials. The results show that ejection slots and anisotropic heat conduction plays important roles of the heat transfer process. For the same ejection angles, the larger the thermal conductivity, the higher the temperature at stagnation point and the better ice protection. For the same material property, the larger the ejection angle jet, the lower the temperature at stagnation point. The configuration with the ejection angle of 5 degree has the highest stagnation point temperature and have much bigger flux ratio than 1.0. This hints that the heat transfer through the slot surface in the direction of the fiber plane is dominant here. Besides that, the ratio of the composite material is almost six times higher than of the aluminum material. This research reveals some basic heat transfer process caused by the curved geometry, ejection slots and anisotropic heat conduction and will be helpful reference for the conceptual design of such ice protection systems.
Ke, Peng, Liu, Jie, Schaeflein, Lukas, Yang, Kun, Zhou, Hongkui
Wearable Devices Allow Direct Communication by TouchTBMG-341554/1/2019
Emergency situations such as trying to escape heavy smoke from fire could leave the sense of touch as the only way to find an exit. Rather than trying to look at a smartphone screen, a smartwatch — alerted by the same alarms — begins “speaking” through the wearer’s skin, giving directions with coded vibrations, squeezes, and tugs with meanings as clear as spoken words. In other scenarios, a surgeon or a pilot might find it useful to have another channel of communication.
Emergency Portability of Slide/RaftsARP5252A (Current)3/18/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends design features for facilitating relocation of portable slide/rafts for deployment at an alternate exit under ditching conditions.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Survival Kit - Life Rafts and Slide/RaftsARP1282B (Current)3/5/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) applies to survival kits to be carried with life rafts or slide/rafts on transport category airplanes flying extended over-water routes and equipped with approved satellite alerting devices (e.g., 406 MHz Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)), available for deployment after an emergency landing.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Offshore Oil Workers Learn Survival Skills in Astronaut Training PoolTBMG-336912/1/2019
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Aircraft Parachute Recovery SystemsTBMG-337612/1/2019
BRS Aerospace South St. Paul, MN 651-457-7491
New Laser for Improving Telecommunications and ComputingTBMG-3338912/1/2018
The first laser based on the wave physics phenomenon called bound states in the continuum (BIC) has been developed. The technology could revolutionize the development of surface lasers, making them more compact and energy-efficient for communications and computing applications. The BIC lasers could also be developed as high-power lasers for industrial and defense applications.
Exits and Their Operation - Air Transport Cabin EmergencyARP488F (Current)3/14/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides design and performance recommendations for emergency exits in the passenger cabin.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Demonstration Emergency EquipmentARP6239 (Historical)1/4/2017
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the design and features of aircraft demonstration emergency equipment for use in passenger safety briefings.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Issues in Stairway Design Aboard Transport Category AirplanesAIR5670 (Historical)10/22/2016
This document contains information that can be used by the air transportation industry to evaluate the design of airplane interior stairways with respect to the safety of passengers and crew in normal operating conditions and emergency evacuations.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Aircraft Evacuation Signal SystemARP1178B (Historical)10/22/2016
This Aerospace Recommended Practice recommends general criteria for the development and installation of an aircraft emergency signal system to permit any crew member (flight or cabin) to inform all other crew members that an emergency evacuation situation exists and that an evacuation has been or should be immediately started.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Experimental Investigation on a 3D Wing Section Hosting Multiple SJAs for Stall Control Purpose2015-01-24539/15/2015
Flow control over aerodynamic shapes in order to achieve performance enhancements has been a lively research area for last two decades. Synthetic Jet Actuators (SJAs) are devices able to interact actively with the flow around their hosting structure by providing ejection and suction of fluid from the enclosed cavity containing a piezo-electric oscillating membrane through dedicated orifices. The research presented in this paper concerns the implementation of zero-net-mass-flux SJAs airflow control system on a NACA0015, low aspect ratio wing section prototype. Two arrays with each 10 custom-made SJAs, installed at 10% and 65% of the chord length, make up the actuation system. The sensing system consists of eleven acoustic pressure transducers distributed in the wing upper surface and on the flap, an accelerometer placed in proximity of the wing c.g. and a six-axis force balance for integral load measurement. A dSPACE™ hardware connected to the software environment Matlab/Simulink® and dSPACE Control-Desk® complete the test architecture. Wind tunnel experiments, on the uncontrolled wing (actuators off), are primarily performed for system identification purpose. The open-loop control operation (actuators on but no feedback) of the wing is implemented and tested, obtaining a stall delay of about 2.8 degrees of AOA. Furthermore, a closed-loop strategy, based on the wing upper surface mean pressure chord-wise distributions signature is adopted to characterize the forthcoming boundary layer detachment. This allows for triggering the controller in stall proximity only, for energy saving purpose. Pertinent results and discussion are provided along with concluding remarks and prospects for future research.
Andreoli, Danilo, Cassaro, Mario, Battipede, Manuela, Ahmadi, Goodarz, Marzocca, Piergiovanni
Slung Load Divergence Speed Predictions for Vehicle Shapes2015-01-25709/15/2015
Loads slung under aircraft can go into divergent oscillations coupling multiple degrees of freedom. Predicting the highest safe flight speed for a vehicle-load combination is a critical challenge, both for military missions over hostile areas, and for evacuation/rescue operations. The primary difficulty was that of obtaining well-resolved airload maps covering the arbitrary attitudes that a slung load may take. High speed rotorcraft using tilting rotors and co-axial rotors can fly at speeds that imply high dynamic pressure, making aerodynamic loads significant even on very dense loads such as armored vehicles, artillery weapons, and ammunition. The Continuous Rotation method demonstrated in our prior work enables routine prediction of divergence speeds. We build on prior work to explore the prediction of divergence speed for practical configurations such as military vehicles, which often have complex bluff body shapes. Results from simulations are presented for 3 vehicle shapes: one resembling a military truck, a Humvee, and a Sentinel Tactical Response Vehicle. Generic comparisons are shown where mass and sling length are held constant, across a variety of shapes. As expected, lower density causes a lower divergence speed. Between the vehicles, the flatter Humvee and the Sentinel show lower divergence speeds compared to the truck model. The results indicate that with specified inertia distributions, Froude scaling can be used to predict divergence speed for arbitrary configurations.
Liberi, Brandon, Kijjakarn, Praditukrit, Komerath, Narayanan
NASA Launch Pads Protected Against Lightning-Induced Power SurgesTBMG-2066810/1/2014
Circuit protection components Littelfuse Chicago, IL 773-628-1000
Mississippi Evacuation and Traveler’s Assistance (MSETA) SoftwareTBMG-205879/1/2014
The Mississippi Evacuation and Traveler’s Assistance (MSETA) system provides public assistance for emergency evacuation and tourism/travel. The MSETA system is composed of three major components: (1) a Web server that provides an interface to the public, (2) a GIS/backend server that retrieves data from multiple sources, and (3) a database server to store the data.
Safety Briefings for Passengers in Exit RowsARP5655 (Historical)5/2/2014
This SAE ARP provides guidance for (1) ensuring passenger suitability for being seated in an exit row and (2) the standardization of safety briefings for passengers, seated at exits, who may be responsible for opening exits on transport airplanes during an emergency. This recommendation is primarily for briefing passengers seated in the Type III overwing exit row, but may be applied to briefing passengers responsible for other exit types. In addition, these recommendations pertain to briefings on airplanes on which the flight attendants would conduct the exit row briefing, and to briefings on airplanes without flight attendants, on which pilots would conduct the briefing.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446A (Current)4/14/2014
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Hybrid Brake System Control Strategy in Typical Transient Conditions2014-01-02674/1/2014
The control in transient conditions when hydraulic brake and regenerative brake switch mutually is the key technical issue about electric vehicle hybrid brake system, which has a direct influence on the braking feel of driver and vehicle braking comfort. A coordination control system has been proposed, including brake force distribution correction module and motor force compensation module. Brake force distribution correction module has fixed the distribution results in hydraulic brake force intervention condition, hydraulic brake force evacuation condition and regenerative brake force low speed evacuation condition. Motor compensation module has compensated hydraulic system with motor system, which has fast and accurate response, thus the response of whole hybrid system has been improved. Simulation results in transient conditions show that the coordination control strategy can effectively reduce the fluctuations and deviations of total brake force, and improve braking feel of driver and vehicle braking comfort.
Zhu, Zhiting, Xiong, Lu, Jin, Chi
Oil Flow in Piston Oil Ring Groove2014-01-16704/1/2014
The oil flow in the oil ring groove was observed in order to improve the oil ejection efficiency in the oil ring groove. The oil flow was visualized with a clear head piston using fluorescing agent and particles under motoring condition. The influences of oil ring specification on the direction and the velocity of the oil flow were evaluated. The velocity of the oil ring with oil vent holes was faster than that of the oil ring without oil vent holes. In the case of the oil ring with vent holes, the reverse flow of the oil toward the front side was observed in the back clearance. Therefore, oil vent holes can change the oil flow and improve the oil ejection efficiency in the oil ring groove.
Ichinose, Shigenori, Iwade, Kiyoshi, Hata, Yoshiharu
Rivet and Bolt Injector with Bomb Bay Ejection Doors2013-01-21519/17/2013
Electroimpact's newest riveting machine features a track-style injector with Bomb Bay Ejection Doors. The Bomb Bay Ejection Doors are a robust way to eject fasteners from track style injector. Track style injectors are commonly used by Electroimpact and others in the industry. Using the Bomb Bay Doors for fastener ejection consists of opening the tracks allowing very solid clearing of an injector when ejecting a fastener translating to a more reliable fastener delivery system. Examples of when fastener ejection is needed are when a fastener is sent backwards, when there are two in the tube, or when a machine operator stops or resets the machine during a fastening cycle. This method allows fasteners to be cleared in nearly every situation when ejecting a fastener is required. Additional feature of Electroimpact's new injection system is integrated anvil tool change. Anvils with fingers are parked on each Injector and an indexing system automatically changes tools for different fastener diameter. Fundamentally, this track-style Injector has only one moving part, the Pusher, used in every fastening cycle. With the Bomb Bay Door ejection system and the integrated automatic tool change, this injection system is very flexible, and is likely one of the fastest in the industry with injection times of under a second. In addition to speed, the new eject system is a robust way to recover from common errors, adding to machine reliability. Overall the new injection system featured on Electroimpact's new riveting machines is a fast, flexible, and robust new system for fastener delivery.
Krejci, Cosmos
Flight Deck Escape Provisions for Transport AircraftARP4101/7A (Current)7/18/2013
The purpose of this document is to recommend criteria for the provision of crew escape facilities from the flight deck area.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Stowage of Flight Crew's Survival Emergency and Miscellaneous EquipmentARP4101/6A (Current)7/18/2013
This document recommends general specifications for the location, accessibility and restraint for those items of survival, emergency, and miscellaneous equipment which are intended to be used by the flight crew, and which are stowed on or near the flight deck.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Life RaftsARP1356B (Current)5/21/2013
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes criteria for the design and performance of aircraft life raft devices which will ensure their rapid and effective use as a flotation device in a water landing. This document is not intended to specify particular design methods, mechanisms, or equipment to be used to accomplish the objectives established herein.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Influence of Complying with FMVSS 226 (Ejection Mitigation) on Side Airbag Occupant Out of Position Injury Assessment2012-01-04664/16/2012
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified ejection mitigation as a top priority, issuing a final rule for FMVSS 226, Ejection Mitigation, in January of 2011 to set performance standards for a vehicle's ejection mitigation countermeasures to mitigate the risk of ejection through a vehicle's side window openings. The most likely countermeasures to be used for compliance with this standard are rollover activated curtain airbags that deploy from a vehicle's roof rail. However, this rule will most likely result in increases in the coverage area and inflator outputs of the curtain airbag; which may influence out-of-position occupant injury as measured in the test methods that have been outlined by the Side Airbag Out-of-Position Injury Technical Working Group (TWG). This paper presents a case study in which the out-of-position performance of a curtain airbag optimized for both ejection mitigation and side impact protection, as outlined per FMVSS 226 and FMVSS 214 respectively, is compared with that of one developed for side impact protection only for the same vehicle. Furthermore, the authors present a design concept that can be used to balance the requirements of FMVSS 226 with the injury risk from the deploying curtain airbag for out-of-position occupants.
Dix, Jeff, Hammoud, Selim, Cardinali, Alex, Mitchell, Abe, Fulk, Daniel
Concepts for Mechanical Abuse Testing of High-Voltage Batteries2012-01-01244/16/2012
Currently lithium-batteries are the most promising electrical-energy storage technology in fully-electric and hybrid vehicles. A crashworthy battery-design is among the numerous challenges development of electric-vehicles has to face. Besides of safe normal operation, the battery-design shall provide marginal threat to human health and environment in case of mechanical damage. Numerous mechanical abuse-tests were performed to identify load limits and the battery's response to damage. Cost-efficient testing is provided by taking into account that the battery-system's response to abuse might already be observed at a lower integration-level, not requiring testing of the entire pack. The most feasible tests and configurations were compiled and discussed. Adaptions of and additions to existing requirements and test-procedures as defined in standards are pointed out. Critical conditions that can occur during and after testing set new requirements to labs and test-rigs. A ‘thermal runaway’ may emerge from a mechanical-induced short-cut, resulting in an extreme raise in temperatures, outgassing, smoke, fire and, under adverse conditions, explosions. Potentially critical situations and safety hazards were compiled, supporting labs in mitigating and averting hazardous situations. Existing safety concepts and evacuation strategies are outlined, reducing the hazards of battery testing.
Sinz, Wolfgang, Feist, Florian, Gstrein, Gregor, Gugler, Jürgen, Tomasch, Ernst, Breitfuss, Christoph, Luttenberger, Peter, Steffan, Hermann, Gollob, Peter, Hennige, Volker
Evaluation of Variation in the Excursion Measured in the FMVSS 226 Ejection Mitigation Test Resulting from Test Vehicle Setup2012-01-00974/16/2012
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 226 outlines a component test methodology that consists of a linear impact test that uses a featureless head-form with a mass of 18 kg to impact a vehicle's side windows' daylight openings at various positions. The test measures the excursion of the head-form beyond the plane of the window glazing. The intention is to evaluate the ability of a vehicle's ejection mitigation system, such as the curtain airbag or other vehicle features, to manage the impactor energy and limit excursion. However, there are several factors which may cause variation in the amount of excursion measured in the test. These factors include how the vehicle is restrained for the test, the friction of the linear impactor shaft and the lateral deflection of the impactor shaft among others. This paper will present background information from a previous study on variability involving the impactor shaft as well as a study which identifies the effects of vehicle restraint on the excursion measured in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 226 test.
Mueller, Joe, Stein, Douglas, Dix, Jeff
Launch Escape System Advances Commercial Human SpaceflightTBMG-109889/1/2011
Launch escape system Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Hawthorne, CA 310-363-6000 www.spacex.com
Crew Test Module Provides Launch Escape SystemTBMG-91652/1/2011
New Shepard rocket-propelled vehicle Blue Origin Kent, WA 253-872-0411
Three Methods of Detection of HydrazinesTBMG-79305/1/2010
Three proposed methods for measuring trace quantities of hydrazines involve ionization and detection of hydrazine derivatives. These methods are intended to overcome the limitations of prior hydrazine-detection methods.
Exits and Their Operation – Air Transport Cabin EmergencyARP488E (Historical)4/14/2010
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides design and performance recommendations for emergency exits in the passenger cabin.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Probabilistic Multi-Factor Interaction Model for Complex Material BehaviorTBMG-76113/1/2010
Complex material behavior is represented by a single equation of product form to account for interaction among the various factors. The factors are selected by the physics of the problem and the environment that the model is to represent. For example, different factors will be required for each to represent temperature, moisture, erosion, corrosion, etc. It is important that the equation represent the physics of the behavior in its entirety accurately.
Improved Aerogel Vacuum Thermal InsulationTBMG-56299/1/2009
An improved design concept for aerogel vacuum thermal-insulation panels calls for multiple layers of aerogel sandwiched between layers of aluminized Mylar (or equivalent) poly(ethylene terephthalate), as depicted in the figure. This concept is applicable to both the rigid (brick) form and the flexible (blanket) form of aerogel vacuum thermal-insulation panels.
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Baggage Relating to the Emergency Evacuation of Transport Category AircraftARP4072 (Historical)8/4/2009
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides information and recommended guidelines for handling carry-on baggage prior to emergencies and during the emergency evacuation of transport category aircraft. Recommendations are provided on limiting the size, amount, and weight of carry-on baggage brought into the cabin, improved stowage of carry-on baggage to minimize hazards to passengers in flight and during emergency evacuations, and procedures to ensure carry-on baggage is not removed during an emergency evacuation.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446 (Historical)6/12/2008
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Safety Considerations of Carry-On Items During the Emergency Evacuation of Transport AircraftAIR4072A (Current)11/19/2007
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information about and suggests guidelines for handling carry-on items prior to and during the emergency evacuation of transport aircraft.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Flight Deck Escape Provisions for Transport AircraftARP4101/7 (Historical)7/10/2007
The purpose of this document is to recommend criteria for the provision of crew escape facilities from the flight deck area.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Stowage of Flight Crew’s Survival Emergency and Miscellaneous EquipmentARP4101/6 (Historical)7/10/2007
This document recommends general specifications for the location, accessibility and restraint for those items of survival, emergency, and miscellaneous equipment which are intended to be used by the flight crew, and which are stowed on or near the flight deck.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Flight Deck Interior Doors for Transport AircraftARP4101/8 (Historical)7/10/2007
This document recommends criteria for standardization of flight deck interior doors and their operation which will provide optimum use under normal and emergency conditions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Emergency Portability of Slide/RaftsARP5252 (Historical)1/18/2007
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends design features for facilitating relocation of portable slide/rafts for deployment at an alternate exit under ditching conditions.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Forecasting of Storm-Surge Floods Using ADCIRC and Optimized DEMsTBMG-126912/1/2006
Increasing the accuracy of storm-surge flood forecasts is essential for improving preparedness for hurricanes and other severe storms and, in particular, for optimizing evacuation scenarios. An interactive database, developed by WorldWinds, Inc., contains atlases of storm-surge flood levels for the Louisiana/Mississippi gulf coast region. These atlases were developed to improve forecasting of flooding along the coastline and estuaries and in adjacent inland areas. Storm-surge heights depend on a complex interaction of several factors, including: storm size, central minimum pressure, forward speed of motion, bottom topography near the point of landfall, astronomical tides, and, most importantly, maximum wind speed.
Spacecraft Escape CapsuleTBMG-105610/1/2006
A report discusses the Gumdrop capsule — a conceptual spacecraft that would enable the crew to escape safely in the event of a major equipment failure at any time from launch through atmospheric re-entry. The scaleable Gumdrop capsule would comprise a command module (CM), a service module (SM), and a crew escape system (CES). The CM would contain a pressurized crew environment that would include avionic, life-support, thermal control, propulsive attitude control, and recovery systems. The SM would provide the primary propulsion and would also supply electrical power, life-support resources, and active thermal control to the CM. The CES would include a solid rocket motor, embedded within the SM, for pushing the CM away from the SM in the event of a critical thermal-protection system failure or loss of control. The CM and SM would normally remain integrated with each other from launch through recovery, but could be separated using the CES, if necessary, to enable the safe recovery of the crew in the CM. The crew escape motor could be used, alternatively, as a redundant means of de-orbit propulsion for the CM in the event of a major system failure in the SM.
AFRL Teams With Indy Racing League® for Neck ProtectionTBMG-46504/1/2006
The bulletlike, open-wheel Indy racing cars hurtle around oval tracks at breakneck velocities, often approaching speeds of 220 mph or higher. While a crash at this speed is a violent, sometimes tragic event, it is nonetheless a key data source for AFRL researchers seeking ways to create a safer environment for Air Force (AF) fighter pilots during emergency ejection.
Ball Bearings Equipped for In Situ Lubrication on DemandTBMG-8483/1/2005
In situ systems that provide fresh lubricants to ball/race contacts on demand have been developed to prolong the operational lives of ball bearings. These systems were originally intended to be incorporated into ball bearings in mechanisms that are required to operate in outer space for years, in conditions in which lubricants tend to deteriorate and/or evaporate. These systems may also be useful for similarly prolonging bearing lifetimes on Earth.
Validation of Earplug Accelerometers as a Means of Measuring Head Motion2004-01-353811/30/2004
To test whether earplugs used by IRL and CART accurately measure the head accelerations under impact conditions, manikins and human volunteers were impacted on the AFRL Horizontal Impact Accelerator (HIA) up to -10 Gx, and 150 ms duration. Manikin heads contained 3 linear and 3 angular accelerometers while the humans used a bite bar containing 3 linear and one (Ry, pitch) angular accelerometer. Each subject wore the custom made instrumented earplugs. Wavelet analysis showed that the head accelerations during the primary response were linearly correlated with left and right earplugs at from .964 to .991. The earplugs provide a good measure of primary head acceleration.
Knox, Ted
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