Browse Topic: Alternative fuel engines

Items (442)

Experimental Analysis of Pressure Pulsation Noise Phenomenon in a CNG-Powered Passenger Vehicle

2025-01-011205/05/2023

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) engine has proved itself to be a worthy replacement for conventional fuels like gasoline & diesel in heavy commercial and passenger transport applications all over the world. Natural gas can be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions while the global distribution of natural gas allows energy independence for regions with gas rather than oil reserves. In India, infrastructure development of CNG distribution and stringent emission regulations have increased the interest shown by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to concentrate towards development of CNG vehicles in every segment. From noise & vibration perspective, CNG powered vehicles are expected to maintain the same level of cabin refinement as their fossil fuel equivalents. However, one of the major challenges associated with CNG vehicles is the excitation due to additional components like CNG Pressure Regulator, Injector et al. The operational metallic / pulsation noises are generally higher as

Chatterjee, Joydeep, Ravindran, Mugundaram

Advanced Turbulence Model for SI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty NG Engine

2022-01-046203/29/2022

In the recent years, the interest in heavy-duty engines fuelled with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is increasing due to the necessity to comply with the stringent CO2 limitation imposed by national and international regulations. Indeed, the reduced number of carbon atoms of the NG molecule allows to reduce the CO2 emissions compared to a conventional fuel. The possibility to produce synthetic methane from renewable energy sources, or bio-methane from agricultural biomass and/or animal waste, contributes to support the switch from conventional fuel to CNG. To drive the engine development and reduce the time-to-market, the employment of numerical analysis is mandatory. This requires a continuous improvement of the simulation models toward real predictive analyses able to reduce the experimental R&D efforts. In this framework, 1D numerical codes are fundamental tools for system design, energy management optimization, and so on. The present work is focused on the improvement of the

Riccardi, Marco, De Bellis, Vincenzo, Bozza, Fabio, Sforza, Lorenzo, Beatrice, Carlo, Lucchini, Tommaso, Fraioli, Valentina, Golini, Stefano, Mirzaeian, Mohsen, Langridge, Simon

Research on neural network-based prediction model for CNG engine intake charge

2022-01-018403/29/2022

Based on the sample data obtained from the bench test of a four-cylinder naturally aspirated CNG engine, three different neural networks, BP, SVM and GRNN, were used to develop the intake charge prediction model for the intake system of this engine, in which engine speed, intake manifold pressure and intake temperature, VVT angle and gas injection time were taken as input parameters and intake charge was used as output parameter. The comparative analysis of the experimental data and model prediction data showed that the mean absolute error (MAE) of BP model, SVM model, and GRNN model were 2.69, 5.13, and 8.11, and the root mean square error (MSE) were 3.53, 7.17, and 9.29, respectively. BP neural network has smaller prediction error and higher accuracy than SVM and GRNN neural network, which is more suitable for the prediction of the intake charge of this type of four-cylinder naturally aspirated CNG engine.

zhang, peng, Ni, Jimin, Shi, Xiuyong

Optimized TWC for emission control on a heavy duty stoichiometric CNG engine

2022-01-070603/29/2022

Compressed natural gas (CNG) engines have attracted increasing attention in the heavy duty (HD) vehicle market as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel often due to the abundance and low price of CNG. However, it is challenging to meet the increasingly stringent China VI legislation, particularly for hydrocarbons (mainly CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3). In this work, approaches were explored in which a gasoline three-way catalyst (TWC) was modified through the optimization of materials and design. The optimized TWC was evaluated in a laboratory reactor and with a HD stoichiometric CNG engine. Lab reactor results showed improve CH4 light off performance. Ammonia (NH3) is a by-product during the operation of three-way catalysts (TWC) on a stoichiometric CNG engine. Catalytic modifications are discussed which were demonstrated to reduce NH3 emissions due to the relatively low NH3 limit for China VI legislation. Data are reported demonstrating the

Qiao, Dongsheng, Wang PhD, Jingwen, Chuma, Hellen, Hu, Hao, Ji, Hongyu, Andersen, Paul, Xu, Shi, Li, Qin

Effect of Different Fuel Supply System on Combustion Characteristics in Hydrogen SI Engine

2022-32-009201/09/2022

In recent years, internal combustion engine using hydrogen gas, has attracted attention as one solution to the problem of global warming. Hydrogen gas has excellent combustion characteristics such as wide limits of inflammability and fast burning velocity because of high diffusion rate. Therefore, it has been made to obtain stable ignition and combustion by adding hydrogen with lean mixture in spark ignition engines using hydrocarbon fuels and to be attempted efficient operation by engine researchers. The purpose of this study is to reduce cooling loss in a gas engine using hydrogen gas and hydrogen Mixer system (Mixer) engine was remodeled to hydrogen Port Injection (PI) system engine. In this report, the heterogeneity of hydrogen mixture is clarified by comparing the combustion characteristics of the Mixer and the PI, and the effect of the difference in hydrogen supply systems on cooling loss is system. Ignition delay of the PI system is shorter than that of the Mixer. This is to

Koshikawa, Shoi, Matsuya, Yuki, Sekine, Tsukasa, Matsumura, Eriko, Senda, Jiro, Morita, Gin, Nakazono, Toru

Development of Dual Fuel (Diesel + CNG) Engine for Off-Road Application

2021-26-011909/22/2021

The evolution of engine technology has so far seen the most beneficial side of progress in the fields of transportation, agriculture and mobility. With the advent of innovation, there is also an impact on our environment that needs to be balanced. This is where fuels like CNG, LPG, LNG, etc. outperform the conventional fossil fuels in terms of pollution & operational cost. This paper enlightens on the use of innovative dual fuel technology where diesel & CNG fuels are used for combustion simultaneously inside the combustion chamber. Dual fuel system adaptation for farm application ensures self-reliance of the farmer where he can generate bio-CNG to use the renewable fuel for farming making him less dependent on conventional fossil fuel thus promoting a green economy. The dual fuel system is adapted on the existing in-use diesel engine with minimum modifications. This makes it feasible to retro-fit a CNG fuel system on existing diesel engine so as to operate it on dual fuel mode. Major

Singh, Gagandeep, Dogra, DaljitSingh, Ramana, Ramandeep, Chawla, Jatinder, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sagare, Vinayak Shivalink, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Kavathekar, Kishorkumar, Rairikar, Sandeep, Thipse, Sukrut S

The Study and Deep Insights of Port Injection Turbocharged CNG Engine Development for Trucks and Buses

2021-26-021409/22/2021

The intensifying demand of cleaner fuelled vehicles considering current norms of BSIV and upcoming stringent norms of BSVI with low cost solutions has promoted the development of CNG and dual fuel vehicles. CNG vehicle is anticipated to discover its extensive use for environment fortification and effective deployment of energy capitals. Thus, CNG vehicles can be pretty effective in averting environment deterioration. CNG has low carbon to hydrogen ratio, this leads to very low CO2 emissions compared to gasoline and diesel vehicles. CNG engines have the potential of low NOx and particulate emissions. Natural gas vehicle development has been directed on the way to current use of direct injection and port injection with S.I. engines. Generally for low cost development, all OEMs prefer optimization of existing engines. Similarly for this project, a diesel engine was converted to S.I. engine for development of low emission CNG engine. All required changes from diesel to CNG engine have been

Gambhir, Himanshu, Barman, Jyotirmoy

Experimental Analysis of Heavy Duty CNG Engine based on its Aspiration and Fuel System

2021-26-011709/22/2021

Engine calibration involves the interaction of Electronic components with various engine systems like intake system, exhaust system, ignition system, etc. Emissions are the byproducts of combustion of fuel and air inside the combustion chamber. After-treatment systems generally take up the responsibility to scrape out harmful emissions from the engines. However, a good engine calibration will focus on emission reduction at source i.e. during the combustion itself. Thus, the intake of air and fuel in proper amount at each engine operating point is crucial for optimized engine performance and minimal emissions. The Intake system is an integral part of any internal combustion engine and it plays an important role to improve its performance and emission. Generally, for an SI engine, maintaining the stoichiometric A/F ratio is a challenging endeavor from an operational standpoint. Engine power, BSFC, torque and harmful emissions are much influenced by geometric aspect of intake manifold and

bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, S D, Kavathekar, Kishorkumar, Thipse, Sukrut S, Kshirsagar, Chinmay, Kale, Samir

Challenges overwhelmed to Meet BS VI Emissions with SPFI Fuel System for Heavy-Duty CNG Engine Application

2021-26-010209/22/2021

As competent and low-pollution alternative fuel, compressed natural gas (CNG) has revealed its excellence over engine performance and emissions. In recent years, CNG is considered as the diesel engine alternative fuel for heavy-duty engine applications due to its lower emissions and cost effective after-treatment systems. Due to the implementation of stricter emission norms over the years, the evolution of the fuel supply system has become more robust and electronically controlled. In the case of CNG engines, most of the engines were equipped with MPFI fuel system, for its precise fuel control abilities and controlling emission parameters. However, this MPFI system encompasses severe design changes in the intake manifold and is cost worthy to OEMs over the SPFI fuel system. MPFI system adds on the overall cost of the engine unit and its maintenance when compared to SPFI system. SPFI fuel system had proved its robustness to achieve BSIV emission norms but, due to challenging test

bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, S D, Kavathekar, Kishorkumar, Thipse, Sukrut S, Kshirsagar, Chinmay, Kale, Samir

Effect of CCV and OCV system in Heavy Duty CNG Engine on the Particulate Emissions

2021-26-011609/22/2021

Due to increasing pollution and climatic cries, newly implemented BS VI emission norms in India have stressed on the reduction of emission. For which many automobiles have been shifted to alternate fuels like CNG. Also, Indian Automotive market is fuel economy cautious. This challenges to focus on improving fuel economy but without increase in emissions. Crankcase blowby gases can be an important source of particulate emission as well as other regulated and unregulated emission. They can also contribute to the loss of lubricating oil and to fouling of surface and engine components. Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) or Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) is capable to reduce the particulate emissions by removing the oil mist that caused mainly due to blowby in combustion chamber. This paper work is focused, to measure the effect of the CCV and OCV systems on the engine out emissions, primarily on the particulate emissions. A comparative analysis of these crankcase ventilation systems is

Sutar, Prasanna S, bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, S D, Kavathekar, Kishorkumar, Thipse, Sukrut S, Kale, Samir, Kshirsagar, Chinmay

Study on the Pre-Chamber Fueling Ratio Effect on the Main Chamber Combustion Using Simultaneous PLIF and OH* Chemiluminescence Imaging

2020-01-202409/15/2020

Pre-chamber combustion (PCC) enables leaner air-fuel ratio operation by improving its ignitability and extending flammability limit, and consequently, offers better thermal efficiency than conventional spark ignition operation. The geometry and fuel concentration of the pre-chamber (PC) is one of the major parameters that affect overall performance. To understand the dynamics of the PCC in practical engine conditions, this study focused on (i) correlation of the events in the main chamber (MC) with the measured in-cylinder pressure traces and, (ii) the effect of fuel concentration on the MC combustion characteristics using laser diagnostics. We performed simultaneous acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) from the side, and OH* chemiluminescence imaging from the bottom in a heavy-duty optical engine. Two different PC Fueling Ratios (PCFR, the ratio of PC fuel to the total fuel), 7%, and 13%, were investigated. The “negative” regions of the PLIF fields were used to visualize

Sampath, Ramgopal, Tang, Qinglong, Echeverri Marquez, Manuel, Sharma, Priybrat, Hlaing, Ponnya, Ben Houidi, Moez, Cenker, Emre, Chang, Junseok, Johansson, Bengt, Magnotti, Gaetano

Annual Product Guide

20TOFHP06_1206/01/2020

SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles

E-JOURNAL-1405/20/2020

Formerly SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains Editor-in-Chief: Simona Onori, Ph.D., Stanford University, USA Indexed in CNKI Engineering Village (Ei Compendex) ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index, Web of Science) IET Inspec JSTOR Sustainability Collection Scopus 2.7 2020CiteScore 62nd percentile Powered by Author Resources Call for Papers Library Recommendation Form Published Volumes for Electrified Vehicles Published Volumes for Alternative Powertrains Subscription Options Aims and Scope The SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles (formerly SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains) provides a forum for peer-reviewed scholarly publication of original research and survey papers that address novel modeling tools, control and optimization methods applied to components, systems, and technologies concerning electrified powertrains (hybrid or full electric)—ground, aerial, and naval. Topics of interest include battery—BMS, fast charging, aging

Pre-design Investigation of Resonant Frequency Effects on Gas Exchange Efficiencies of a One-kW Natural-Gas Linear Engine Alternator

2020-01-048804/14/2020

Performance of a natural gas two-stroke engine incorporated in a 1-kW free-piston oscillating Linear Engine Alternator (LEA) - a household electricity generator - was investigated under different resonant frequencies for pre-design phase purposes. To increase the robustness, power density, and thermal efficiencies, the crank mechanism in free-piston LEA is omitted and all moving parts of the generator operate at a fixed resonant frequency. Flexure springs are the main source of the LEA’s stiffness and the mass-spring dynamics dominates the engine’s speed. The trade-off between the engine’s performance, mass-spring system limits, and power and efficiency targets versus the LEA speed is very crucial and demands a careful investigation specifically at the concept design stages to find the optimum design parameters and operating conditions. CFD modeling was performed to analyze the effects of resonant frequency on the engine’s gas exchange behavior. To take combustion effects into account

Zamani Meymian, Nima, Darzi, Mahdi, Johnson, Derek, Famouri, Parviz

The Potential of Gasoline Fueled Pre Chamber Ignition Combined with Elevated Compression Ratio

2020-01-0279-TEST-REC04/14/2020

Pre-chamber ignition is a method to simultaneously increase the thermal efficiency and to meet ever more stringent emission regulations at the same time. In this study, a single cylinder research engine is equipped with a tailored pre-chamber ignition system and operated at two different compression ratios, namely 10.5 and 14.2. While most studies on gasoline pre-chamber ignition employ port fuel injection, in this work, the main fuel quantity is introduced by side direct injection into the combustion chamber to fully exploit the knock mitigation effect. Different pre-chamber design variants are evaluated considering both unfueled and gasoline-fueled operation. As for the latter, the influence of the fuel amount supplied to the pre-chamber is discussed. Due to its principle, the pre-chamber ignition system increases combustion speeds by generating enhanced in-cylinder turbulence and multiple ignition sites. This property proves to be an effective measure to mitigate knocking effects

Stadler, Andreas, Sauerland, Henning, Härtl, Martin, Wachtmeister, Georg

Controlling Strategy for the Performance and NOx Emissions of the Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines with a Turbocharger

2020-01-025604/14/2020

Hydrogen fuel is a future energy to solve the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Hydrogen internal combustion engines can combine the advantage of hydrogen without carbon pollution and the main basic structure of the traditional engines. However, the power of the port fuel injection hydrogen engines is smaller than the same volume gasoline engine because the hydrogen occupies the volume of the cylinder and reduces the air mass flow. The turbocharger can increase the power of hydrogen engines but also increase the NOx emission. Hence, a comprehensive controlling strategy to solve the contradiction of the power, BTE and NOx emission is important to improve the performance of hydrogen engines. This paper shows the controlling strategy for a four-stroke, 2.3L hydrogen engine with a turbocharger. The controlling strategy divides the operating conditions of the hydrogen engine into six parts according to the engine speeds and loads. Solving the main contradiction of the

Luo, Qinghe, Lee, Chia-Fon

The Potential of Gasoline Fueled Pre Chamber Ignition Combined with Elevated Compression Ratio

2020-01-0279

04/14/2020

Stadler, Andreas, Sauerland, Henning, Härtl, Martin, Wachtmeister, Georg

Piston Bowl Design Optimization to Improve Low End Rated Torque in BS-VI Diesel Engine Based on Multi-Dimensional Combustion Simulation

2020-01-024104/14/2020

In cylinder combustion and emission characteristics are dependent on piston bowl geometry design. In-cylinder fuel air mixing and flame front movement are influenced by piston bowl shape and design. These phenomena in turns affect the combustion behavior and the power developed by the diesel engine. In this study piston bowl geometry optimization of a LMD diesel engine is carried out to improve the torque and BSFC output at low end rated operating zones. The optimized bowl geometry is also incorporated in the engine and validated on the test bed. In this work, a commercially available CFD code AVL FIRE is used for combustion simulation and bowl geometry optimization. The validation of in-cylinder combustion simulation of a 2 liter Turbocharged LMD BS-VI diesel engine with base piston bowl geometry is carried out with the available test data. The validation of combustion simulation is performed for four engine operating speed points covering rated torque to rated power operating

Appukuttan, Anish, Bisht, Jasvir, Kaundabalaraman, Kaarthic, Rathi, Hemantkumar

Investigation of Diesel-CNG RCCI Combustion at Multiple Engine Operating Conditions

2020-01-080104/14/2020

Past experimental studies conducted by the current authors on a 13 liter 16.7:1 compression ratio heavy-duty diesel engine have shown that diesel-Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion targeting low NOx emissions becomes progressively difficult to control as the engine load is increased. This is mainly due to difficulty in controlling reactivity levels at higher loads. For the current study, CFD investigations were conducted in CONVERGE using the SAGE combustion solver with the application of the Rahimi mechanism. Studies were conducted at a load of 5 bar BMEP to validate the simulation results against RCCI experimental data. In the low load study, it was found that the Rahimi mechanism was not able to predict the RCCI combustion behavior for diesel injection timings advanced beyond 30 degCA bTDC. This poor prediction was found at multiple engine speed and load points. To resolve this, multiple reaction mechanisms were evaluated and a

Dahodwala, Mufaddel, Joshi, Satyum, Koehler, Erik, Franke, Michael, Tomazic, Dean, Naber, Jeffrey

Isuzu dual-fuel system simplifies fuel changeovers

20TOFHP02_0902/01/2020

Isuzu is making it easier for equipment owners to switch fuels from natural gas to liquid propane, letting users switch by merely sending a signal to the engine. Released in October 2019, the dual-fuel 4HV1 engines and power units also have a higher compression ratio that helps conserve fuel. The alternative fuel engines, designed for non-emergency and emergency standby generator applications and multi-speed applications, let operators switch fuel sources without reconfiguring the base engine. This feature helps to reduce downtime on site, according to Isuzu, which plans to feature the dual-fuel system at ConExpo-Con/Agg in March (South Hall 4, S85406).

Costlow, Terry

Effects of Sub-Chamber Configuration on Heat Release Rate in a Constant Volume Chamber simulating Lean-burn Natural Gas Engines

2019-32-055101/24/2020

Sub-chamber is a useful device with regard to sustaining stable operation of compressed natural gas (CNG) engines under lean burn conditions. In our previous studies, we applied a sub-chamber injection system to CNG engines, in which a single injector and a spark plug are mounted in a small sub-chamber. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the sub-chamber configuration on heat release in the main combustion chamber. 11 types of sub-chamber with different nozzle number, nozzle diameter, and sub-chamber volume were examined under a condition that pressure is 2.3 MPa, and global equivalence ratio is 0.6. When the sub-chamber with smaller nozzles are used, the penetration velocity of burned gas jet increases. In addition, the velocity also increases with an increasing sub-chamber volume. The high-speed penetration of burned gas jet shortens the period of initial flame development. This is because the high-temperature burned gas quickly reaches to side wall of main chamber

Nada, Yuzuru, Kidoguchi, Yoshiyuki, Yamashita, Yuto, Furukawa, Ryo, Kaya, Ryu, Nakano, Hideaki, Kobayashi, Shinichi

Design and Development of a High-Efficiency Single Cylinder Natural Gas-Fueled Jet Ignition Engine

2019-32-056501/24/2020

The current energy climate has created a push toward reducing consumption of fossil fuels and lowering emissions output in power generation applications. Combined with the desire for a more distributed energy grid, there is currently a need for small displacement, high efficiency engines for use in stationary power generation. An enabling technology for achieving high efficiencies with spark ignited engines for such applications is the use of jet ignition which enables ultra-lean (λ > ~1.6) combustion via air dilution. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development of a 390cc, high efficiency single cylinder natural gas-fueled jet ignition engine operating ultra-lean. The engine was developed as part of the Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (DOE ARPA-E) GENSETS program. Design choices for minimizing friction are highlighted as well as test results showing further friction reduction through downspeeding. Extensive hardware optimization of the

Peters, Nathan, Subramanyam, Sai Krishna Pothuraju, Bunce, Michael, Blaxill, Hugh, Pihl, Josh, Moses-Debusk, Melanie, Vishwanathan, Gokul, Tew, David

Hydrogen as a Combustion Enhancer for Highly Efficient Ultra-Lean Spark-Ignition Engines

2019-01-225812/19/2019

Performance of lean burn gasoline spark-ignition engines can be enhanced through hydrogen supplementation. Thanks to its physicochemical properties, hydrogen supports the flame propagation and extends the dilution limits with improved combustion stability. These interesting features usually result in decreased emissions and improved efficiencies which is of the utmost importance for future SI engines targeting ultra-lean conditions at λ ≥ 2 and brake thermal efficiencies above 50%. Compared to previous studies of hydrogen supplementation, this article aims at demonstrating how hydrogen can support the combustion process with a modern combustion system optimized for extreme dilution rates and high efficiency.Experimental investigations performed with a single cylinder engine are reported and show that the minimal amount of hydrogen required to reach λ = 2 is in the range of 2 to 4% of the total intake volume flow rate. At low load, NOx emissions can be lowered down to 33 ppm at λ = 2

Zaccardi, Jean-Marc, Pilla, Guillaume

Specifics of the Combustion Phenomenon Inside a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Converted to Natural Gas Lean-Burn Spark Ignition Operation

2019-01-222112/19/2019

The conversion of existing diesel engines to natural gas with the least amount of modifications can reduce the dependence on conventional oil and enhance national energy security. This study investigated such engine conversion using an experimental platform that consisted of a single-cylinder diesel engine modified for lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation through the addition of a gas injector and a spark plug. Following steady-state experiments at several operating conditions that changed spark timing, mixture equivalence ratio, and engine speed, the experimental results suggested that the combustion phenomena in diesel engines retrofitted to lean-burn natural gas spark ignition presents significant differences compared to that in a conventional stoichiometric spark ignition engine. For example, the apparent heat release rate inferred from recorded pressure data is the addition of two separate, sequential combustion events: a fast burn inside the piston bowl and a slow event

Liu, Jinlong, Dumitrescu, Cosmin E., Bommisetty, Hemanth

Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Brake Mean Effective Pressures up to 30 bar on the Behavior of a Large Bore Otto Gas Engine

2019-01-222412/19/2019

For large bore Otto gas engines a high specific power output and therefore high engine load promises a rise in engine efficiency on one hand and on the other hand a reduction of the performance-related investment. However, this can negatively affect the emissions performance, operating limits especially in regards to knocking, and component life. For this reason at the Chair of Internal Combustion Engines (LVK) of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) experiments with a 4.77 l single-cylinder research engine were carried out to investigate the boundary conditions, potentials and downsides of combustion processes with a brake mean effective pressure beyond current series engines and higher than 30 bar. The objective in this investigations was to achieve BMEP > 30 bar with an engine configuration that widely represents the current series-production status. Hence, an unscavenged prechamber spark plug, a series Piston and Valve timing were used. To shift the knocking limit to more fuel

Eicheldinger, Stefan, Bartkowski, Tomas, Schröder, Alexander, Prager, Dr.-Ing. Maximilian, Wachtmeister, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg

Particle and Gaseous Emissions from a Heavy-Duty SI Gas Engine over WHTC Driving Cycles

2019-01-222212/19/2019

The use of gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines is increasing, due to several reasons, first of all their low environmental impact, large availability and low cost. Nevertheless, the need to reduce emissions also from gas engines is an important aspect to be considered in order to comply with future engine emissions regulations. In this scenario, an extensive experimental activity was performed to fully characterize an heavy duty spark ignition engine, under development for Euro VI compliance and designed to run with gaseous fuels. Two separate sets of experiments were carried out, in order to analyze the engine behavior when burning LPG and CNG, respectively. To this aim, the engine was installed on a dynamic test bench, accurately instrumented to characterize the combustion evolution, performance and exhaust pollutant emissions, along the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), the new European driving homologation cycle. The main part of the manuscript addresses the

Napolitano, Pierpaolo, Guido, Chiara, Beatrice, Carlo, Fraioli, Valentina, Alfuso, Salvatore

Engine Fuel Economy Optimization for Different Hybrid Architectures Using 1-D Simulation Technique

2019-28-249611/21/2019

Hybridization of off road vehicles is in its early phase but it is likely to increase in coming years. In order to improve fuel economy and overall emission of the 3.3 litre tractor model, various kinds of engine hybridization is studied. This paper presents a methodology to predict vehicle fuel consumption and emission using 1-D software by coupling Ricardo Wave and Ricardo Ignite. Initially, An acceptable agreement within 5% deviation between simulation and experimental is established for engine steady state points, both for engine performance and NOx emission parameters. Engine fuel consumption and emission maps are predicted using Ricardo WAVE model. These maps are used as an input to IGNITE model for predicting cumulative fuel consumption. Same calibrated model is used further for studying idle start stop and fully hybrid P0 type hybrid architecture. The hybrid P0 type involves idle start stop, e-boost and regeneration. Model predicts overall significant reduction in cumulative

Nain, Ajay, Nene, Devendra

Enhancement of Performance and Emission Characteristics of SI Engine Using Multi Ground Spark Plug with Alcohol Fuel Blends

2019-28-015410/11/2019

Limited fossil fuel reserves, steadily rising prices, incremental vehicle population and increased environmental concerns have sparked a need to evaluate alternate fuels for internal combustion engine vehicles. Alcohol fuels with high oxygen content and higher octane number become an attractive option for spark ignition (SI) engines. In practice, there are so many techniques to improve the engine performance and emission characteristics with alcohol and gasoline fuel blends. However, continuous operation of single ground electrode causes erosion of electrodes that loosens its ignitability which intern leads to higher emissions and reduced performance. Hence, there is a need to explore the influence of spark plug design for further improvement in engine performance and emission reduction. This paper provides an insight on the effect of potential alternative fuels like methanol blends and their influence on the performance and emission characteristics of a SI engine using a multi ground

Tappa, Raju, Shaik, Amjad, Rao, Raghav Gopal, Talluri, Srinivasa Rao

Turbocharger Thermal Transfer Model Initialization: Quasi-Adiabatic Map Calculation

2019-24-023210/07/2019

To comply with the evermore stringent polluting emission regulation, such as Euro 6c and its new homologation WTLP cycle, the use of turbochargers, already high in Diesel engines, is steeply rising in Gasoline ones. Turbochargers come into a large variety of implementations such as single/two stage(s) or even parallel. In the meantime, car manufacturers intend to decrease development cost and time by using more and more simulation over experimental measurements. However, usual turbocharger models have not followed this trend of modernity. While the heating part of the standard driving test cycle becomes a major topic, turbocharger models are still map based, built from turbocharger manufacturer’s data and measured only in hot conditions. To improve their accuracy, new turbocharger models need to take into account the thermal transfers. The phenomenon has been widely studied, and different models have been proposed to solve this problem but they require specific data for their

Goumy, Guillaume, Marty, Pierre, Chesse, Pascal, Perrot, Nicolas, Dubouil, Rémi, Salameh, Georges

Assessing Exhaust Toxicity with Biological Detector: Configuration of Portable Air-Liquid Interface Human Lung Cell Model Exposure System, Sampling Train and Test Conditions

2019-24-005009/09/2019

Air pollution remains to be one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, with significant share attributed to particulate matter and reactive nitrogen compounds from mobile sources. Due to discrepancies between legislative metrics and health effects, and between laboratory tests and real driving, health-relevant metric applicable to real driving conditions are sought to evaluate the effects of emerging legislation, technologies and fuels. Models of human lung air-liquid interface have been recently explored to simulate effects of exposure to the whole exhaust. In this study, a compact exposure system, utilizing commercially available inserts with 3D in-vitro model of human lung cells, has been designed and fabricated in-house with the vision of mobile use, minimizing size and power consumption. Preliminary tests were done on a Euro 6 direct injection spark ignition engine operating at speeds and throttle positions corresponding to the WLTC cycle. A sample of diluted exhaust

Vojtisek-Lom, Michal, Pechout, Martin, Macoun, David, Rameswaran, Rajesh, Praharaj, Kalpita Kumar, Cervena, Tereza, Topinka, Jan, Rossner, Pavel

Development of a Dedicated CNG Three-Way Catalyst Model in 1-D Simulation Platforms

2019-24-007409/09/2019

A growing interest towards heavy-duty engines powered with NG, dictated by stringent regulations in terms of emissions, has made it essential to study a specific Three-Way Catalyst (TWC). Oxygen storage phenomena characterize the catalytic converter efficiency under real world driving operating conditions and, consequently, during strong dynamics in Air-to-Fuel ratio (AFR). A numerical “quasi-steady” model has been set-up to simulate the chemical process inside the reactor. A dedicated experimental campaign has been performed in order to evaluate the catalyst response to a defined λ variation, thus providing the data necessary for the numerical model validation. In fact, goal of the present research activity was to investigate the effect of very fast composition transitions of the engine exhaust typical of the mentioned driving conditions (including fuel cutoffs etc.) on the catalyst performance and on related emissions. A surface reactions kinetic mechanism, representing CH4, CO, H2

Di Maio, Dario, Beatrice, Carlo, Fraioli, Valentina, Golini, Stefano, Rutigliano, Francesco Giovanni

The Methane Fuel Based Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine in a Hybrid Powertrain - An Efficient Synergy

2019-24-020109/09/2019

There is no doubt that the modern internal combustion engine (ICE) is approaching its theoretical limits in terms of efficiency. Owed to the fact that the conversion of fuel-bound chemical energy into effectively usable power by combustion is largely defined by the fuel properties, the combustion process and the implicit phenomenon of abnormal combustion is a governing factor that limits further efficiency increases. However, the use of a knock-resistant fuel such as methane is leading to a significant raise in the average combustion pressure and total engine efficiency. In turn this requires a base engine architecture that is specially designed to cater the increased thermal and mechanical requirements so that the positive fuel properties can be fully exploited. Furthermore, an improvement of the energy balance is achieved by utilizing the kinetic energy stored in the vehicle by means of electrical recovery. In consequence, a positive synergy can be observed when mating this type of

Stoffels, Harald, Weber, Carsten, Graf, Friedrich, Lauer, Stefan, Ehrhard, Jan, Moretti, Manuel, Neveling, Matthias

Hybrid Powertrain Technology Assessment through an Integrated Simulation Approach

2019-24-019809/09/2019

Global automotive fuel economy and emissions pressures mean that 48 V hybridisation will become a significant presence in the passenger car market. The complexity of powertrain solutions is increasing in order to further improve fuel economy for hybrid vehicles and maintain robust emissions performance. However, this results in complex interactions between technologies which are difficult to identify through traditional development approaches, resulting in sub-optimal solutions for either vehicle attributes or cost. The results presented in this paper are from a simulation programme focussed on the optimisation of various advanced powertrain technologies on 48 V hybrid vehicle platforms. The technologies assessed include an electrically heated catalyst, an insulated turbocharger, an electric water pump and a thermal management module. The novel simulation approach undertaken uses an integrated toolchain capturing thermal, electrical and mechanical energy usage across all powertrain sub

Dalby, Joshua, Fiquet, Fabien, Ward, Andrew, Stoffels, Harald, Burke, Richard, Zaldua-Moreno, Naroa, Neveling, Matthias, Liu, Yang, Pace, Lorenzo

Emissive Behavior of a Heavy-Duty SI Gas Engine During WHTC

2019-24-012109/09/2019

In the arduous aim to reduce petroleum fuel consumption and toxic emissions, gaseous fuels can represent an alternative solution for heavy duty applications with respect to conventional liquid fuels. At the same time, the imposition of more stringent emission regulations in the transport sector, is a crucial aspect to be taken into account during the development of future gas engines. Aim of the present paper was to characterize a heavy duty spark ignition engine, under development for Euro VI compliance, with a particular focus on exhaust particulate emissions. In this sense, the engine was installed on a dynamic test bench, accurately instrumented to analyze combustion evolution, performance and exhaust pollutant emissions, along the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC). The emissions diagnostic devices included a gas analysis system for the measurement of regulated species, a photo-acoustic sensor and a fast particulate spectrometer for on-line soot, particle number (PN) and

Guido, Chiara, Fraioli, Valentina, Napolitano, Pierpaolo, Alfuso, Salvatore, Beatrice, Carlo

CFD Investigation of the Effects of Gas’ Methane Number on the Performance of a Heavy-Duty Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Engine

2019-24-000809/09/2019

Natural gas (NG) is an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines. In addition to its cleaner combustion, recent breakthroughs in drilling technologies increased its availability and lowered its cost. NG consists of mostly methane, but it also contains heavier hydrocarbons and inert diluents, the levels of which vary substantially with geographical source, time of the year and treatments applied during production or transportation. To investigate the effects of NG composition on engine performance and emissions, a 3D CFD model of a heavy-duty diesel engine retrofitted to NG spark ignition simulated lean-combustion engine operation at low speed and medium load conditions. The work investigated three NG blends with similar lower heating value (i.e., similar energy density) but different Methane Number (MN). The results indicated that a lower MN increased flame propagation speed and thus increased in-cylinder pressure and indicated mean effective pressure. In addition, a low MN increased

Ambrogi, Luca, Liu, Jinlong, Battistoni, Michele, Dumitrescu, Cosmin, Gasbarro, Lorenzo

A Novel 1D Co-Simulation Framework for the Prediction of Tailpipe Emissions under Different IC Engine Operating Conditions

2019-24-014709/09/2019

The accurate prediction of pollutant emissions generated by IC engines is a key aspect to guarantee the respect of the emission regulation legislation. This paper describes the approach followed by the authors to achieve a strict numerical coupling of two different 1D modeling tools in a co-simulation environment, aiming at a reliable calculation of engine-out and tailpipe emissions. The main idea is to allow an accurate 1D simulation of the unsteady flows and wave motion inside the intake and exhaust systems, without resorting to an over-simplified geometrical discretization, and to rely on advanced thermodynamic combustion models and kinetic sub-models for the calculation of cylinder-out emissions. A specific fluid dynamic approach is then used to track the chemical composition along the exhaust duct-system, in order to evaluate the conversion efficiency of after-treatment devices, such as TWC, GPF, DPF, DOC, SCR and so on. This co-simulation environment is validated against a real

Cerri, Tarcisio, D'Errico, Gianluca, Montenegro, Gianluca, Onorati, Angelo, Koltsakis, Grigorios, Samaras, Zissis, Michos, Konstantinos, Tziolas, Vasileios, Zingopis, Nikolaos, Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Panayotis, Papetti, Viola, Rojewski, Jakub, Soltic, Patrik

Knock and Pre-Ignition in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled by Different Blends of Jojoba Bio-Gasoline with Kerosene

2019-01-504605/17/2019

In the present article, the knock tendency and pre-ignition resistance (PIR) were determined experimentally for different blends of kerosene and jojoba bio-gasoline. The effects of varying equivalence ratios, rotational speed, inlet air temperature and pressure, and ignition timing on knock tendency and PIR were investigated. The influence of compression ratio on PIR was also studied. Jojoba bio-gasoline was synthesized using transesterification method through performing a chemical reaction between well-stirred jojoba raw oil and alcohol. Experiments were carried out on a Ricardo E6/MS variable compression ratio spark-ignition (SI) engine fuelled by jojoba bio-gasoline/kerosene blends of volumetric percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% jojoba bio-gasoline. The onset of pre-ignition and knock were detected by observing the pressure oscillations using a piezoelectric pressure transducer, a synchronizing magnetic sensor, and a degree-marking probe. The results showed that increasing

Radwan, M.S., Attai, Youssef A., Hassan, Y.I.

High Power-Density, High Efficiency, Mechanically Assisted, Turbocharged Direct-Injection Jet-Ignition Engines for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

01-12-01-000205/02/2019

More than a decade ago, we proposed combined use of direct injection (DI) and jet ignition (JI) to produce high efficiency, high power-density, positive-ignition (PI), lean burn stratified, internal combustion engines (ICEs). Adopting this concept, the latest FIA (Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile) F1 engines, which are electrically assisted, turbocharged, directly injected, jet ignited, gasoline engines and work lean stratified in a highly boosted environment, have delivered peak power fuel conversion efficiencies well above 46%, with specific power densities more than 340 kW/liter. The concept, further evolved, is here presented for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. Results of simulations for a new DI JI ICE with rotary valve, being super-turbocharged and having gasoline or methanol as working fuel, show the opportunity to achieve even larger power densities, up to 430 kW/liter, while delivering a near-constant torque and, consequently, a nearly linear power curve

Boretti, Alberto

Performance, Fuel Economy, and Economic Assessment of a Combustion Concept Employing In-Cylinder Gasoline/Natural Gas Blending for Light-Duty Vehicle Applications

03-12-03-001904/25/2019

In current production natural gas/gasoline bi-fuel vehicles, fuels are supplied via port fuel injection (PFI). Injecting a gaseous fuel in the intake port significantly reduces the volumetric efficiency and consequently torque as compared to gasoline. In addition to eliminating the volumetric efficiency challenge, direct injection (DI) of natural gas (NG) can enhance the in-cylinder flow, mixing, and combustion process resulting in improved efficiency and performance. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to model high-pressure gaseous injection was developed and validated against X-ray data from Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source. NG side and central DI of various designs and injection strategies were assessed experimentally along with CFD correlation. Significant effects on combustion metrics were quantified and explained via improved understanding of the in-cylinder flow effects due to NG injection. On-demand in-cylinder blending using E10 PFI and NG DI provides an additional

Wallner, Thomas, Pamminger, Michael, Scarcelli, Riccardo, Powell, Christopher, Simeu, Severin Kamguia, Wooldridge, Steven, Boyer, Brad, Iqbal, Asim, Reese, Ron

Gaseous Fuels Variation Effects on Combustion and Emissions of a Small Direct Injection Natural Gas Engine

2019-01-056004/02/2019

Our research focused on the assessment of fuel variation effects on performance of a 34 cc two-stroke, natural gas combustion engine designed for use as the prime mover in either slider-crank or novel linear generator applications. Nearly two-thirds of US homes have either natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas available at low pressures. We tested the engine with three different natural gas blends, pure methane, and pure propane. In order to reduce fuel compression power, we modified the engine to use low-pressure direct injection (LPDI) of gaseous fuels. We examined regulated gaseous emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and combustion trends over a range of delivered air fuel ratios. Start of Injection (SOI) occurred at either 180 or 190 CA BTDC and efficiency improved by reducing fuel slip. However, for natural gas blends, the predominant emissions were methane - a potent greenhouse gas. We showed that while propane had the highest CO2 emissions, it also produced the lowest CO2

Darzi, Mahdi, Johnson, Derek, Bade, Mehar, Famouri, Parviz

The Impact of Engine Displacement on Efficiency Loss Pathways in a Highly Dilute Jet Ignition Engine

2019-01-033004/02/2019

Internal combustion engines currently face increasing regulatory reform which has motivated investigation of alternative combustion modes, particularly for spark ignition engines. Fuel economy regulations, among others, are presently driving the need for technological advances in the automotive sector. Stationary power generation is facing emissions standards that will be increasingly difficult to achieve with combustion-based current practices, particularly in the case of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ultra-lean (λ > ~1.6; air-fuel ratio > 23:1) combustion via air dilution is one such combustion mode that provides the benefits of reduced fuel consumption and reduced NOx emissions. Jet ignition is a pre-chamber-based combustion system that enables enleanment beyond what is achievable with traditional spark ignition engines. Previous studies of MAHLE’s Jet Ignition® concept have primarily focused on light-duty gasoline engines. With increasing demand for fuel flexibility, particularly in power

Peters, Nathan, Bunce, Michael, Blaxill, Hugh

Optimized Driving Cycle Oriented Control for a Highly Turbocharged Gas Engine

2019-01-019304/02/2019

The article is focused on a 1-D drive dynamic simulation of a highly turbocharged gas engine. A mono fuel CNG engine has been developed as a downsized replacement of the diesel engine for a medium size van. The basic engine parameters optimization is provided in a steady state operation and a control adjustment is applied to a dynamic vehicle model for a transient response improvement in highly dynamic operation modes of the WLTC (world light duty test cycle), selected for investigation. Vehicle simulation model with optimized control system is used for driving cycle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions predictions compared with the basic engine settings.

Dolecek, Vit, Vavra, Jiri, Skarohlid, Marcel

Development of a Natural Gas Engine with Diesel Engine-like Efficiency Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2019-01-022504/02/2019

Present day natural gas engines have a significant efficiency disadvantage but benefit with low carbon-dioxide emissions and cheap three-way catalysis aftertreatment. The aim of this work is to improve the efficiency of a natural gas engine on par with a diesel engine. A Cummins-Westport ISX12-G (diesel) engine is used for the study. A baseline model is validated in three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The challenge of this project is adapting the diesel engine for the natural gas fuel, so that the increased squish area of the diesel engine piston can be used to accomplish faster natural gas burn rates. A further increase efficiency is achieved by switching to D-EGR technology. D-EGR is a concept where one or more cylinders are run with excess fueling and its exhaust stream, containing H2 and CO, is cooled and fed into the intake stream. With D-EGR although there is an in-cylinder presence of a reactive H2-CO reformate, there is also higher levels of dilution. A new

Moiz, Ahmed Abdul, Abidin, Zainal, Mitchell, Robert, Kocsis, Michael

The Emission of a Diesel Engine in Different Coolant Temperature during Cold Start at High Altitude

2019-01-073004/02/2019

Emissions of diesel engine have been received much more attention since the Volkswagen Emission Scandal. The Euro VI emission standard has already included cold start emissions in the legislative emission driving cycles which is one of the hardest part of emission control. High altitude performance is also considered in the latest regulations which will be stricter in the future. Heating the coolant is one of the most common method to improve the cold start performance. But researches focus on the emission of a diesel engine in different coolant temperature at high altitude which up to 4500m have not been seen. The present research investigated the effect of coolant temperature on performance and exhaust emissions (gaseous and particulate emissions) during the cold start of a diesel engine. A plateau simulation system controlled the inlet and exhaust pressure to create altitude environments from 0m to 4500m, and the coolant temperature was controlled from 20°C to 60°C. The engine

Fang, Liang, Lou, Diming, Hu, Zhiyuan, Tan, Piqiang

Particle Emission Measurements in a SI CNG Engine Using Oils with Controlled Ash Content

2019-01-005301/15/2019

Clean combustion is one of the inherent benefits of using a high methane content fuel, natural gas or biogas. A single carbon atom in the fuel molecule results, to a large extent, in particle-free combustion. This is due to the high energy required for binding multiple carbon atoms together during the combustion process, required to form soot particles. When scaling up this process and applying it in the internal combustion engine, the resulting emissions from the engine have not been observed to be as particle free as the theory on methane combustion indicates. These particles stem from the combustion of engine oil and its ash content. One common practice has been to lower the ash content to regulate the particulate emissions, as was done for diesel engines. For a gas engine, this approach has been difficult to apply, as the piston and valvetrain lubrication becomes insufficient. However, the low particle emissions from the combustion of CNG does allow for an investigation of particle

Adlercreutz, Ludvig, Cronhjort, Andreas, Stenlaas, Ola

Durability Improvement of Cylinder Head in Alternate Fuel Engines

2018-32-005510/30/2018

Alternate fuels like LPG and CNG are beneficial in terms of operating cost and emissions as well. They also contribute to reduce CO2 emissions. These gas fuels are known for its problems in engines including wear of parts. Cylinder head valve - seat wear is higher in gas engines. This paper discusses the experimental work on reduction of valve -seat wear in 3 wheeler engine. In the development of new higher power version of the gas engine valve-seat interface wear is observed. Effect of this wear on performance, leak and emissions were studied, qualitative measurements of valve temperatures were studied at different conditions with different fuels. Combustion gas and part temperatures are higher in gas engines. Simulation test cycle is developed for the wear test and various solutions to reduce wear at the valve - seat interface were evaluated. Cost effective solution is implemented with minimum changes in engine.

Thiruvallur Loganathan, Balasubramanian, Elumalai, Duraikkannan, Kumaraswamy, Phaneesh, Lakshminarasimhan, V

Improving Combustion and Emission Characteristics in Heavy-Duty Natural-Gas Engine by Using Pistons Enhancing Turbulence

2018-01-168509/10/2018

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), because of its low cost, high H/C ratio, and high octane number, has great potential in automotive industry, especially for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. However, relative slow flame speed of natural gas leads to long combustion duration and low thermal efficiency and tends to cause knock combustion at high load, which will aggravate engine thermal load and reliability. Enhancing turbulence intensity in combustion chamber is an effective way to accelerate flame propagation speed and improve combustion performance. In this study, the flow simulations of several piston bowls with different inner-convex forms were carried out using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) software CONVERGE. The numerical results showed the piston bowls with inner-convex could disturb the charge swirl motion and enhance turbulence of different intensity. A hexagram geometry bowl was proved to have the best function in strengthening turbulence intensity. Hence

Li, Fubai, Liu, Changpeng, Song, Heping, Wang, Zhi

In-Use Efficiency of Oxidation and Three-Way Catalysts Used in High-Horsepower Dual Fuel and Dedicated Natural Gas Engines

03-11-03-002607/01/2018

Directional drilling rigs and hydraulic stimulation equipment typically use diesel fueled compression ignition (CI) engines. The majority of these engines are compliant with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tier 2 standards. To reduce fuel costs, industry is investing in dual fuel (DF) and dedicated natural gas (DNG) engines. DF engines use diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) to reduce CO and NMHC emissions. DNG engines may be either lean-burn or rich-burn and the latter uses three-way catalysts (TWC) to reduce CO, NMHC, and NOx emissions. This research presents in-use catalyst efficiency data collected pre- and post-catalyst for three DF engines and two DNG engines. One DF engine was converted earlier and did not include a DOC. Data were collected from six Tier 2 engines, two CI drilling engines converted to operate as DF, two CI hydraulic fracturing engines converted to operate as DF, and two SI DNG drilling engines. DF engines with DOCs were able to reduce CO and NMHC during

Johnson, Derek, Darzi, Mahdi, Clark, Nigel, Nix, Andrew, Heltzel, Robert

Fuel Composition Effects in a CI Engine Converted to SI Natural Gas Operation

2018-01-113704/03/2018

Low-carbon fuels such as natural gas (NG) have the potential to lower the demand of petroleum-based fuels, reduce engine-out emissions, and increase IC engine thermal efficiency. One of the most rapid and efficient use of NG in the transportation sector would be as a direct replacement of the diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines without any major engine modifications to the combustion chamber such as new pistons and/or engine head. An issue is the large variation in NG composition with the location and age of the gas well across U.S., which would affect engine operation, as well as the technology integration with emissions after treatment systems. This study used a conventional CI engine modified for spark ignition (SI) NG operation to investigate the effects of methane and a C1-C4 alkane blend on main combustion parameters like in-cylinder pressure, apparent heat release rate, IMEP, etc. Steady-state engine experiments were conducted at several operating conditions that

Bommisetty, Hemanth, Liu, Jinlong, Kooragayala, Rahul, Dumitrescu, Cosmin

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Diluted Combustion in a Direct Injection CNG Engine Featuring Post- Euro-VI Fuel Consumption Targets

2018-01-114204/03/2018

The present paper is concerned with part of the work performed by Renault, IFPEN and Politecnico di Torino within a research project founded by the European Commission. The project has been focused on the development of a dedicated CNG engine featuring a 25% decrease in fuel consumption with respect to an equivalent Diesel engine with the same performance targets. To that end, different technologies were implemented and optimized in the engine, namely, direct injection, variable valve timing, LP EGR with advanced turbocharging, and diluted combustion. With specific reference to diluted combustion, it is rather well established for gasoline engines whereas it still poses several critical issues for CNG ones, mainly due to the lower exhaust temperatures. Moreover, dilution is accompanied by a decrease in the laminar burning speed of the unburned mixture and this generally leads to a detriment in combustion efficiency and stability. The optimization of in-cylinder turbulence plays a

Baratta, Mirko, Misul, Daniela, Goel, Prashant, Laurenzano, Danilo, Lecointe, Betrand, Rouleau, Loic, Ravet, Frederic, Christou, Panagiotis

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