The correct setting and adjustment of fuel injection pumps requires standardized testing conditions. This SAE Standard summarizes the design and operating parameters for test benches so that, using certain information supplied by the pump manufacturer, the pump test schedule, and certain information supplied by the test bench manufacturer, it can be determined whether a particular test bench is suitable for driving a particular injection pump. This document is in most cases a summary of the ISO Standard 4008, Parts 1, 2, and 3 and is intended to provide its critical aspects. Standard ISO 4008 should be referred to for more details.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Tamper Resistance for Adjustable Parameters on Diesel Fuel Injection Pumps

J2317_202103 (Current)

03/17/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a guideline for the fuel injection pump designer to select appropriate fastener designs which are considered to be tamper-resistant. It applies to fuel injection pumps used on diesel engines.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Diesel Injection Pump Testing - Part 1: Calibrating Nozzle and Holder Assemblies

J968/1_202103 (Current)03/17/2021

This part of SAE J968 specifies two types of calibrating nozzle and holder assemblies intended for the testing and setting of diesel injection pumps on test benches. It applies to: a A calibrating nozzle and holder assembly with a single hole orifice plate; b A calibrating nozzle and holder assembly with a delay pintle type nozzle. The approximate range of the calibrating nozzle and holder assembly is up to: a 300 mm3/stroke with the single hole orifice plate; b 150 mm3/stroke with the delay pintle type nozzle. Setting and maintenance requirements are specified in ISO 4008/3.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Diesel Fuel Injection Pump - Validation of Calibrating Nozzle Holder Assemblies

J1549_202103 (Current)

03/17/2021

The fuel injection pump is intended to validate the accuracy of calibrating nozzle and holder assemblies for applications using 0.4 - 0.8 mm diameter orifice plates and to assist in identifying problems in fuel injection pump test stands. This SAE Recommended Practice is divided into two parts: Part I—Design, Description and Specifications of the Fuel Injection Pump; and Part II—Test Procedures for Using the Fuel Injection Pump.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Diesel Injection Pump Testing—Part 2: Orifice Plate Flow Measurement

J968/2_202103 (Current)03/17/2021

This part of SAE J968 specifies the flow measuring system, including the fixture, to be used for flow testing the single hole orifice plates used in an orifice plate type nozzle and holder assembly (described in SAE J968/1) which is intended for testing and setting diesel fuel injection pumps on test benches. The flow measuring system and fixture ensure accurate flow testing of the entire range of orifices from 0.4 to 0.8 mm diameter as specified in SAE J968/1. It is intended primarily for use by the manufacturers of single hole orifice plates.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

STANDARD FOR IN-TANK ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPS

USCAR13-1 (Current)

11/19/2020

This standard covers the operational characteristics, environment, durability procedures, and test procedures for in-tank electric fuel pumps for automotive gasoline applications. Specific performance and test criteria used in conjunction with this procedure are specified on the pump drawing. Particular sections of this document may be required for all applications. This standard is intended to evaluate specific characteristics as a supplement to normal material inspections, dimensional checking, and in-process controls, and should in no way adversely influence other inspection operations.

USCAR

Design and Development of Ultra-Low Friction High-Power Density Diesel Engine for the Indian Market

2020-01-083404/14/2020

Diesel engines are known for their excellent low-end torque, drivability, performance and fuel economy. The ever-increasing customer demands push the diesel engines continuously to deliver higher torque and power. However, the requirement of higher power and torque puts a great challenge on the mechanical friction which can greatly influence the vehicle level fuel economy in a negative way. This paper explains the methodology to design a high power-density diesel engine capable of 180 bar peak firing pressure yet achieving the lowest level of mechanical friction. The base engine architecture consists of 8mm crank-offset which is an optimized value to have the lowest piston side forces. The honing specification is changed from a standard plateau honing to an improved helical slide honing with optimized Rz, Rpk and Rvk values. The cumulative tangential force of the piston rings are reduced to an extreme value of 24 N. A rectangular special coated top ring and a low-friction architecture

Vellandi, Vikraman, Namani, Prasad, Bagavathy, Suresh, Chalumuru, Madhu Kishore

Zinc Die Casting Alloys

J469_201712 (Current)

12/20/2017

Because of the drastic chilling involved in die casting and the fact that the solid solubilities of both aluminum and copper in zinc change with temperature, these alloys are subject to some aging changes, one of which is a dimensional change. Both of the alloys undergo a slight shrinkage after casting, which at room temperature is about two-thirds complete in five weeks. It is possible to accelerate this shrinkage by a stabilizing anneal, after which no further changes occur. The recommended stabilizing anneal is 3 to 6 h at 100 °C (212 °F), or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C (185 °F), or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C (158 °F). The time in each case is measured from the time at which the castings reach the annealing temperature. The parts may be air cooled after annealing. Such a treatment will cause a shrinkage (0.0004 in per in) of about two-thirds of the total, and the remaining shrinkage will occur at room temperature during the subsequent few weeks. Stabilizing results in a decrease in dimensions of

Metals Technical Committee

Approaches of NVH Improvements for Fuel Pump Noise Issues

2017-01-044203/28/2017

With the increasing expectation of customer for a quiet and comfortable ride, automobile manufacturers need to continuously work upon to improve automobile powertrain NVH. Today’s customer has become so aware of vehicle related noises that in-tank fuel pump noise is no exception to the checklist of evaluating cabin NVH. In-tank fuel pump, that is responsible for delivering the fuel from fuel storage tank to delivery rail, uses an electric driven motor. The rotating parts such as rotor, etc. produce vibrations that may traverse to tank body & subsequently vehicle body. Since noise is essentially an audible vibration at its root, these structure borne vibrations may be perceived as noise inside passenger cabin. Additionally, the noise may also be produced by fuel flow pulsations if transferred through piping to vehicle body. This paper focuses on various approaches to reduce the fuel pump generated noise heard inside passenger cabin. Some of the approaches used for the aforementioned are

Aneja, Harchetan Singh, Tripathi, Manas, Singh, Harmeet, Parmar, Aashish

Development of High-resolution Exciting Source Identification System

2016-01-132504/05/2016

We have developed an excitation source identification system that can distinguish excitation sources on a sub-assembly level (around 30mm) for vehicle components by combining a measurement and a timing analysis. Therefore, noise and vibration problems can be solved at an early stage of development and the development period can be shortened. This system is composed of measurement, control, modeling, and excitation source identification parts. The measurement and the excitation source identification parts are the main topics of this paper. In the measurement part, multiple physical quantities can be measured in multi-channel (noise and vibration: 48ch, general purpose: 64ch), and these time data can be analyzed by using a high-resolution signal analysis (Instantaneous Frequency Analysis (IFA)) that we developed. The main difference from the conventional method (Short Time Fourier Transform Analysis (STFT)) is the calculation of the instantaneous frequency from temporal changes in phase

Watanabe, Masanori, Tanabe, Yosuke, Yoneya, Naoki

Diesel Engines - Steel Tubes for High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pipes (Tubing)

J1958_201511 (Current)11/24/2015

This SAE Standard specifies dimensions and requirements for single-wall steel tubing intended for use as high-pressure fuel injection pipes on a wide range of engines (Class A), and for fuel injection pump testing (Class B, Reference SAE J1418). Tubing shall be cold drawn, annealed or normalized, seamless tubing suitable for cold swaging, cold upsetting, and cold bending.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Fuel Injection Pumps - High Pressure Pipes (Tubing) for Testing

J1418_201511 (Current)11/24/2015

This SAE Standard specifies the dimensional requirement of a range of high pressure pipes for use in the bench testing and setting of fuel injection pumps. Only dimensions and requirements affecting the hydraulic characteristic of the pipes are defined. Other requirements, such as the type of end connections and shape of the pipes when bent, are not included. These depend on the connections provided at pump outlets and injector inlets, and on the design features of individual pumps and test benches.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Fuel Injection Equipment Nomenclature 0614

J830_201511 (Current)11/24/2015

This SAE Standard establishes a vocabulary and definitions relating to the components used in fuel injection systems for compression ignition (diesel) engines. Definitions are separated into six sections by topic as follows: Section 3--Fuel Injection Pumps Section 4--Fuel Injectors Section 5--Unit Injectors Section 6--Governors Section 7--Timing Devices Section 8--High Pressure Pipes and Connections NOTE: When the word fuel is used in the terms listed it may be omitted providing there can be no misunderstanding.

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Diesel Fuel Injection - End-Mounting Flanges for Fuel Injection Pumps

J626_201511 (Current)11/24/2015

This SAE Standard specifies dimensional requirements for eight types of end-mounting flange for fuel injection pumps for use in diesel (compression ignition) engines.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Tapers for Shaft Ends and Hubs for Fuel Injection Pumps

J1419_201511 (Current)11/24/2015

This SAE Standard specifies the dimensional requirements necessary for the interchangeability of tapered shaft ends and hubs for fuel injection pumps of diesel engines.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Influence of Supply Voltage and Fuel Conductivity in the Lifetime of Commutation System by Brushes in Electric Flex Fuel Pumps

2015-36-044909/22/2015

One of the usual measures to increase the energy efficiency in automotive vehicles has been the adoption of generators with variable voltage systems, commanded by the vehicle control unit. Thus, the vehicle system voltage no longer remains constant during operation of the engine, but becomes variable as needed to charge the vehicle electrical system and better use of available engine torque. A study using the Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) methodology was performed in order to understand the influence of the supply voltage and of the fuel conductivity in the lifetime of fuel pump commutation system by brushes. Durability tests were conducted in bench test, where parameters of temperature, current draw, voltage and fuel conductivity were monitored, correlating them with the results of wear in the pump commutation system. The conclusion of the study shows how the fuel pump life varies according to the supply voltage and the conductivity of the fuel used, given that the conductivity can be

Yoshioka, Leonardo, Watanabe, Alberto K., Horowitz, Ricardo O., Urakawa, Rogério, Fávero, Celso Eduardo, de Oliveira Melo, Lázaro Benedito, Pinheiro, Renato Rigo

Diesel Injection Pump Testing—Part 2: Orifice Plate Flow Measurement

J968/2_201509 (Historical)09/22/2015

This part of SAE J968 specifies the flow measuring system, including the fixture, to be used for flow testing the single hole orifice plates used in an orifice plate type nozzle and holder assembly (described in SAE J968-1) which is intended for testing and setting diesel fuel injection pumps on test benches. The flow measuring system and fixture ensure accurate flow testing of the entire range of orifices from 0.4 to 0.8 mm diameter as specified in SAE J968-1. It is intended primarily for use by the manufacturers of single hole orifice plates.

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Diesel Fuel Injection Pump - Validation of Calibrating Nozzle Holder Assemblies

J1549_201509 (Historical)09/22/2015

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Tamper Resistance for Adjustable Parameters on Diesel Fuel Injection Pumps

J2317_201509 (Historical)09/22/2015

Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee

Synchronous Channel Fuel Pump

2015-01-127004/14/2015

In the current state of the art automotive fuel pumps there is only one channel on each side of the impeller. For high flow and pressure applications the size of such pumps becomes excessive. In order to reduce the size to a manageable level it may be necessary to have two or more channels on each side. But the problem with a multichannel pump is that the peak efficiency of each channel happens at a different operating point and the overall pump efficiency may not be that good. This problem can be overcome by synchronizing the channels. In a synchronous pump the channel diameter and cross sectional area of channels are such that the peak efficiency happens at the same operating point and the overall pump efficiency is improved. In this paper we derive the governing equations for flow, pressure and efficiency and layout a methodology for synchronizing the channels.

Anderson, Philip, Aslam, Mohammed, Jeswani, Partab

Improving STL Performance of Automotive Carpets with Multi-layering and Effective Decoupling

2015-26-013601/14/2015

Automotive floor carpet serves the purpose of insulating airborne noises like road-tire noise, transmission noise, fuel pump noise etc. Most commonly used automotive floor carpet structure is- molded sound barrier (PE, vinyl etc.) decoupled from the floor pan with an absorber such as felt. With increasing customer expectations and fuel efficiency requirements, the NVH requirements are increasing as well. The only possible way of increasing acoustic performance (Specifically, Sound Transmission Loss, STL) in the mentioned carpet structure is to increase the barrier material. This solution, however, comes at a great weight penalty. Theoretically, increasing the number of decoupled barrier layers greatly enhances the STL performance of an acoustic packaging for same weight. In practice, however, this solution presents problems like- ineffectiveness at lower frequencies, sudden dip in performance at modal frequencies. Also, practical constraints in achieving ideal decoupling limit the

Mahajan, Deepak, Sandilya, Arnab, Khandelwal, Lokesh, Srivastava, Sameer

Testing Particle Counters for Detection of Fuel Contamination

TBMG-2034708/01/2014

Fuel quality assurance is accomplished by conducting periodic fuel sampling for the condition monitoring of aviation fuel by detecting, measuring, and reporting the levels of contaminants in the fuel. Current methods have several drawbacks including operator subjectivity, lack of detailed analysis, limitations in providing reliable data, and the turnaround time needed to get the test results.

More Electric, Integrated Fuel Systems

TBMG-1941604/01/2014

Global warming and environmental friendliness considerations have recently been key for multiple global industries. In the commercial aviation industry, reduction of aircraft emissions, including CO2 and noise, is an urgent priority. Both aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturers are striving to improve design to accommodate the needs of commercial airlines. Engine manufacturers in particular have worked long and hard to improve each engine component, e.g., compressors, turbines, combustors, etc.

More Electric, Integrated Fuel Systems

14AERP04_0204/01/2014

Engine system reliability can be improved by advanced electric architectures, while the reduction of hydraulic components, fuel tubes, and fittings can enhance the maintainability of the engine and minimize pilot workload. Global warming and environmental friendliness considerations have recently been key for multiple global industries. In the commercial aviation industry, reduction of aircraft emissions, including CO2 and noise, is an urgent priority. Both aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturers are striving to improve design to accommodate the needs of commercial airlines. Engine manufacturers in particular have worked long and hard to improve each engine component, e.g., compressors, turbines, combustors, etc. However, the need for another approach to further improve engine efficiency motivated researchers from IHI Aerospace to focus on the system approach, including the control system, fuel system, or other engine systems, ultimately resulting in an MEE (more electric engine).

PUMP, FUEL, MOUNTING PAD AND DRIVE

AS47B (Current)12/19/2013

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

Corrosion on Electric Fuel Pump Housing at Durability Test in Test Bench

2013-36-062210/07/2013

For lifetime verification in automotive components it is necessary to simulate their operation in test benches that reproduce the conditions of vehicular application, according to the boundary conditions defined in the project. In durability tests of electric fuel pumps for Otto cycle engines, test benches are often used comprised of fuel tanks made of stainless steel provided with a fuel temperature control system. They also have a hydraulic system that allows simulating the fuel circulation loop of the vehicle consisting of fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator. Moreover, they are also equipped with flow meters and fuel pressure for monitoring the test. It has been observed in test bench durabilities that fuel pumps of Flex Fuel type are likely to present high levels of corrosion on their outer housing, even higher than expected after this kind of test. However this behavior has not been found in automotive vehicles under real conditions of use and after a long period of running

Fávero, Celso Eduardo, de Souza, Leandro Barcellos, Pacheco, Fabiane, Pereira, Mário Celso Duarte

More Electric Architecture for Engine and Aircraft Fuel System

2013-01-208009/17/2013

The authors are currently developing the MEE (More Electric Engine) electric motor-driven fuel pump system for aircraft engines. The electric fuel system will contribute to the reduction of engine power extraction to drive the fuel pump; thus, an improvement in engine efficiency will be expected. In addition, the engine system reliability will be improved by introducing advanced electric architecture, and the reduction of hydraulic components, fuel tubes and fittings is effective to enhance the maintainability of the engine. Although it is considered that the MEE electric fuel system will realize several benefits, there are technical challenges to introduce such new electric system into aircraft. One of the key technical challenges is to construct a redundant and simplified electric fuel system, because continuous operation of the fuel pump system is crucial for aircraft safety. The authors consider that integration of the aircraft fuel system and engine fuel system will provide a

Morioka, Noriko, Oyori, Hitoshi

A Representative Testing Methodology for System Influence on Automotive Fuel Filtration

2013-01-089104/08/2013

Filtration of diesel and gasoline fuel in automotive applications is affected by many external and internal parameters, e.g. vibration, temperature, pressure, flow pulsation, and engine start-stop. Current test procedures for automotive fuel filters, proposed by most of the researchers and organizations including Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), do not apply the previously mentioned real-world-conditions. These operating conditions, which are typical for an automotive fueling system, have a significant effect on fuel filtration and need to be considered for the accurate assessment of the filter. This requires the development of improved testing procedures that will simulate the operating conditions in a fuel system as encountered in the real world. Although researchers have studied this topic in the past, they did not address the analysis of individual and combined effects of all the relevant fuel system parameters, which

Khadilkar, Sumit, Soliman, Ahmed, Schuetzbach, Peter, Kustic, Marko

Diesel Vehicle Cold Operability: Design of Fuel System Essential Besides Fuel Properties

2012-01-159209/10/2012

Cold operability is estimated by fuel's cold filter plugging point (CFPP). However, correlation of CFPP with diesel vehicle performance originates from a period when simple in-line or distributor fuel injection systems were applied and fuels did not contain biocomponents. Today, common rail fuel injection systems are used and there seem to be remarkable differences in their design between vehicle models. Seven cars were tested in a climate chamber. The best cars operated down to 8°C below fuel's CFPP but the worst get into problems 5°C above CFPP with the same fuel. It is challenging to define what CFPP is needed in order to guarantee trouble-free winter performance because there are big differences between car models. It is fundamental to get the fuel temperature of a vehicle's fuel filter above the fuel's cloud point during driving, and this depends on fuel system design factors, such as location and size of fuel filter and fuel heater if it is used. Oil companies prefer diesel fuels

Mikkonen, Seppo, Kiiski, Ulla, Saikkonen, Pirjo, Sorvari, Jari

LED Luminaires

TBMG-1482009/01/2012

MaxLite® (West Caldwell, NJ) has introduced a number of new outdoor LED fixtures. New additions to the company’s exterior lighting line will include: induction lighting; small LED floods; LED parking area lights and large flood luminaires; LED parking garage and fuel pump canopy luminaires with new control and battery backup options; and roadway LED cobra heads.

Transient Thermal Analysis of Diesel Fuel Systems

2012-01-104904/16/2012

In this paper, a transient thermal analysis model for Diesel fuel systems is presented. The purpose of this work is to determine the fuel temperature at various locations along the system, especially inside the tank and at the returned fuel inlet to the tank. Due to the fact that the fuel level is continuously changing during any driving condition, the fuel mass inside the tank is also continuously changing. Consequently, the fuel temperature will change even under steady driving or idle conditions, therefore, this problem should be analyzed using transient thermal analysis models. Effective thermal management requires controlling the surface temperature of the fuel tank, fuel lines and the fuel temperature at the fuel return line as well as inside the tank [1, 2]. Based on the thermal analysis results, it is possible to determine the major source of heat input at several locations of the fuel system. If necessary, a cooling module can be designed to bring down the returned fuel

El-Sharkawy, Alaa

A Motor Control Design for the More Electric Aero Engine Fuel System

2011-01-261910/18/2011

This paper describes a concept related to fault-tolerant design for a redundant motor control system. The design comprises components driven by an electric motor, a motor controller, and a power source, referred to as the More Electric Aero Engine (or MEE). The MEE dramatically improves the engine efficiency and reduces fuel burn and CO2 emissions. However, the MEE system must demonstrate that it can ensure engine safety and reliability before it can take the place of conventional systems. The proposed unique redundant system presented in this paper incorporates Active-Active control and multi-winding motors. Engine fuel flow is controlled by the motor speed control of the MEE electric fuel pump, which uses this redundant system. This concept provides a solution for helping to ensure engine safety and reliability, since it enables a complete one-fail operational engine fuel system for the MEE. Another key technology for the MEE system involves a power generating solution. A new system

Oyori, Hitoshi, Morioka, Noriko, Seta, Manabu, Shimomura, Yukio, Saito, Hiroshi

Investigation of the Gel Formation and Filter Solutions in the Fuel System for Flex-Fuel Vehicles

2011-36-021710/04/2011

At flex fuel technology introduction in the Brazilian market, new technical issues came-up due to ethanol chemical reaction with component materials developed only for gasoline aging. One of these items was the gel formation at fuel system. This gel flows through the fuel systems and clogs the fuel filters. And, as final result, the fuel pump is lost due to overpressure working condition. To implement solutions against this way of failure, it was necessary to understand gel formation mechanism in laboratory level. In this investigation, many boundary conditions were changed and analyzed in order to identify contribution of each factor during gel formation process. As result, it was possible to implement a laboratory gel formation test for fuel filters, not depending any more from field tests and allowing test repeatability to develop an improved fuel filter.

Cordeiro, Sandra Matos, Yoshino, Fernando Jun

The Effect of Using Ethanol-blended Gasoline on the Performance and Durability of Fuel Delivery Systems in Classic Automobiles

2010-01-213510/25/2010

Currently, a majority of the ‘gasoline’ sold at the pumps in the United States is a nominal blend of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol. This mixture is commonly referred to as E10. This paper reports on a study conducted to determine the effects of E10 on the fuel system performance of vintage automobiles. The study focused on the potential degradation in performance of the carburetors and fuel pumps due to exposure to E10. Six fuel systems were selected for study including the 1948 Flathead Ford, 1958 Volkswagen Beetle, 1962 Ford Falcon, 1969 Chevrolet Bel Air and 1970 Chrysler New Yorker. The components tested were either rebuilt original equipment or new aftermarket replacement parts, depending on availability. Although the components tested were not all original equipment parts, they represent a reasonable sample of the types of parts likely to be found in vintage vehicles currently on the road. The fuel system components were tested under both dynamic and static conditions. The dynamic

Davis, Gregory, Hoff, Craig

The Influence of Cellulosic Liquefaction Fuel, FAME and Diesel Fuel Mixture on Diesel Engine Performance

2010-32-007909/28/2010

The cellulosic liquefaction fuel (CLF) was made from woods by the direct liquefaction process. The compression ignition did not occur when neat CLF was supplied for diesel engines, because CLF mainly consisted of aromatic compounds. CLF could not be completely mixed with diesel fuel, however, CLF and diesel fuel could be blended when FAME was mixed as a solvent. Coconuts-oil methyl ester (CME) was used and 5 wt% that was allowed mixing ratio to diesel fuel in JIS was mixed. To clarify a desirable CLF fraction for diesel engines, CLF was divided into two fractions by the fractional distillation: 473 to 523 K (CLF1), 523 to 573 K (CLF2). The purpose of this study is to analyze ignition characteristics and performance of diesel fuel-CME-CLF blends and the tested weight mixing ratio of CLF were 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. It was confirmed engine could be stably operated for both CLF1 and CLF2 mixed fuels. The brake thermal efficiency of CLF mixed fuel was almost equal to that of diesel fuel

Ozawa, Yuya

Euro-3 Compliant Diesel Engine Using a Cost Effective Fuel Injection Pump without Electronics

2010-01-150405/05/2010

Emission norms are introduced to limit exhaust pollutants from vehicular engines to improve and control ambient air quality. Thermodynamic simulation results showed the possibility of upgradation from Euro-2 to Euro-3 emission norms using a low pressure inline fuel injection pump. Geometric parameters of piston bowl, injection nozzle were adjusted and the combustion parameters like swirl start of injection, controlled injection and jet penetration were fine tuned to achieve the emission norms using the cost effective inline fuel injection pump. This fuel injection system is tolerant to indifferent fuel quality as it is lubricated by engine oil and the clearances within the pump do not demand exceptional lubricity or cleanliness of the fuel. The exhaust is polished off soluble organic fractions, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons using a lightly loaded diesel oxidation catalyst that is tolerant to 500 ppm sulphur in fuel. Data from 20 engines showed emission is consistent. Experiments in

Babu, P. Sahaya Surendira, Lakshminarayanan, P. A., Setty, K. L. S., Selvakumar, N. Augustin, Karthik, R., Srinivasan, G., Nain, Ajay, Pendalwar, Santosh, Mahesh, P.

Mathematical Models for Predicting Vehicle Refueling Vapor Generation

2010-01-127904/12/2010

Mathematical models were developed for estimating refueling vapor generation as a function of tank fuel and dispensed fuel Reid vapor pressures and temperatures, and fill type (bottom fill vs. top fill). Since refueling vapor generation is a strong function of fill type (bottom fill vs. top fill), simple illustrative diagrams are presented to explain the mechanism of higher vapor generation from bottom fill type fuel tanks. The models are useful for estimating refueling vapor generation in any real world ambient conditions and with any fuel. The models have been verified with published experimental data.

Reddy, Sam R.

Spatial-Temporal Characterization of Alternative Fuel Sprays from a Second-Generation Common-Rail Fuel Injection System for Euro4 Passenger Car Application

2009-01-185606/15/2009

GM Powertrain Europe and Istituto Motori CNR have undergone a research project aimed at studying the effects on engine performance, emissions and fuel consumption of alternative diesel fuels, from both first (FAME) and second (GTL) generation. The present paper reports some of the results achieved studying the impact on injection and spray behavior of rapeseed and soybean methyl-esters, as well as of GTL diesel blends. The test were performed on a Bosch second generation common rail solenoid-driven fuel injection system capable of 1600bar maximum injection pressure, fitted on GM 1.9L Euro4 diesel engine for passenger cars. The characterization of the injection process has been carried out in terms both of fuel injection rate, as well as of spatial and temporal fuel distribution in a quiescent non-evaporative optically accessible chamber. The injection schedules that have been analyzed, as well as the gas density in the spray bomb, have been chosen as representative of different engine

Allocca, L., Montanaro, A., Cipolla, G., Vassallo, A.

Prize-winning plastics

AUTODEC08_0212/01/2008

Lower cost, lighter weight solutions highlight the 2008 SPE Automotive Innovation Awards. In a year of news dominated by the topics of fuels and emissions-reduction, it's appropriate that a new vehicle fuel tank with excellent environmental performance won the highest honor in the 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers' (SPE) Automotive Innovation Awards competition. BMW's twin-sheet blow-molded tank system used on the company's 2009 7 Series luxury sedan earned the SPE's prestigious Grand Award, beating 25 other finalists. It also topped the Process/Assembly/Enabling Technologies category The sophisticated tank is permanently sealed to thwart evaporative emissions, and contains all system hardware within.

Brooke, Lindsay

Personal Watercraft Fuel Systems

J2046_200808-TEST-REC (Historical)08/05/2008

This SAE Standard applies to permanently installed gasoline fuel systems in personal watercraft as defined in 2.2, except fuel systems on outboard engines.

Personal Watercraft Committee

Personal Watercraft Fuel Systems

J2046_200808 (Historical)

08/05/2008

This SAE Standard applies to permanently installed gasoline fuel systems in personal watercraft as defined in 2.2, except fuel systems on outboard engines.

Personal Watercraft Committee