This SAE Recommended Practice applies to all commercial, self-propelled, or towed motor vehicles which transport property or passengers in interstate commerce in which the gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weight rating exceeds 4550 kg (10 000 lb).

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Measurements of Time-Resolved Mass Injection Rates for a Multi-Hole and an Outward Opening Piezo GDI Injector

2015-01-09294/14/2015

Time-resolved mass injection rates of an outward opening piezo-actuated and a solenoid actuated multi-hole GDI injector were measured to investigate (1) the influence of both hardware and software settings and (2) the influence on the injection rates from a wide range of operational parameters and (3) discuss limitations and issues with this measurement technique. The varied operating parameters were fuel pressure, back-pressure, electrical pulse width, single/double injection and injection frequency. The varied hardware/software parameters were injector protrusion, upstream fuel pressure condition and the cut-off frequency of the software's low-pass filter. Signal quality was found to be dependent on both hardware and software settings, especially the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter. Measurements with high signal quality were not possible for back-pressures lower than 0.5 MPa. For the smallest possible injections, the piezo-actuated injector was found to be superior since it can inject very small amounts of fuel very accurately with little fuel pressure dependency. For engine realistic back-pressures, the multi-hole injector was found to be back-pressure independent. The piezo injector however was found to be strongly influenced by the back-pressure. The dynamic range was found to be much higher for the piezo injector, and the non-linear flow area was much larger for the multi-hole injector. Both injectors were capable of double injections but the piezo can use shorter dwell times. Effects of upstream fuel pressure fluctuations, especially on the second injection of a double injection, must be carefully taken into account.

Dahlander, Petter, Iemmolo, Daniele, Tong, Yifei

PVC vs. Polyurethane: A Tubing Comparison

TBMG-21705

3/1/2015

PVC and polyurethane are thermoplastic materials that can be formed into a variety of shapes, including tubing and reinforced hose. Both materials are useful in numerous applications. But depending on factors such as temperature, chemical compatibility and plasticizer use, one product may perform better than the other in a particular application. This article examines each material’s benefits, drawbacks, and common uses as they pertain to products that are generally available for variety of industries.

Fuel Tank - Level Sensor Technology Selection Based on Engineering Criteria and Application Environment

2014-36-01289/30/2014

The proper technology selection, depending on the application environment, will be discussed and exemplified in this paper through the analysis of the fuel level sensor technology selection applied to the Latin America environment. Commercial vehicles have a very particular requirement when it comes to fuel tanks configuration, depending on usage (autonomy), road conditions, weight distribution and application. The most common layout is the dual tank configuration where two tanks are connected to each other by means of communication vessels. After the selection of the fuel tank layout, the challenge is to correctly select the level sensor system, which provides useful information to the vehicle driver. If this measurement is not correctly performed, a significant logistic issue is raised, as usually, a commercial vehicle with full load carries up to 1200 liters of diesel (it will depend on the desired range). Even though the selection of the sensor technology is sometimes neglected during the product development, in this particular case its wrong choice can lead to errors and, as mentioned before, logistics issues. This paper will describe the system characteristics, simulation / experimental test results and available solutions in order to propose the best combination selection based on engineering criteria.

Mazzorana, Rafael Hilario Fonseca, da Silva Junior, Olício, de Oliveira, Roberson Assis

FAST FILL FUELING INSTALLATION FOR OFF-ROAD SELF-PROPELLED WORK MACHINES

J176_201409 (Current)9/9/2014

This SAE Standard applies to off-road self-propelled work machines as categorized in SAE J1116. Fast fill fueling typically applies to self-propelled machines with a fuel capacity over 380 L, although fast fill fueling can be used on machines with smaller fuel capacity.

Machine Technical Steering Committee

Snowmobile Fuel Tanks

J288_201404 (Historical)4/16/2014

To provide minimum performance requirements for non-pressurized fuel tanks used on snowmobiles as defined in SAE J33.

Snowmobile Technical Committee

More Electric, Integrated Fuel Systems

TBMG-194164/1/2014

Global warming and environmental friendliness considerations have recently been key for multiple global industries. In the commercial aviation industry, reduction of aircraft emissions, including CO2 and noise, is an urgent priority. Both aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturers are striving to improve design to accommodate the needs of commercial airlines. Engine manufacturers in particular have worked long and hard to improve each engine component, e.g., compressors, turbines, combustors, etc.

Influence of Innovative Diesel-Ethanol Blend on Combustion, Emission and Fuel-Carrying Components

2013-01-269610/14/2013

The strong demand for diesel fuel is producing a surplus of gasoline fractions in Europe. Despite new vehicles using less energy, the rising volume of traffic will lead to more diesel being consumed. European legislation demands that renewable fuels cover 10% of energy consumed in the transport sector. The present strategy of dividing biofuels in equal shares between diesel and gasoline does not help to improve this situation. It seems reasonable not only to add FAME but also ethanol to diesel. Unfortunately, fuel blends containing ethanol cannot be used in existing cars without hardware modifications. This is because of ethanol's characteristics and well-known from the experience gathered with gasoline cars. As such, the first part of this study investigates material compatibility, focusing on corrosion and changes to the mechanical properties of the materials used in diesel engines. Alongside tests for material compatibility with ethanol-RME blends, it also includes a comparison of RME and SME fuels. This first part concludes by explaining the modifications necessary to fuel lines and fuel-tank systems to make them safe for use with diesel-FAME-ethanol blends. In a second part, investigation characterizes the properties of the selected RME-ethanol-diesel blend, showing its potential in a single-cylinder research engine. It evaluates five operating points representative of the engine map. The aim is to assess changes in engine operation in a EU5 combustion system and define the recalibration measures needed to meet base-line performance. One aspect of investigating recalibration is to find out whether the better soot levels gained with oxygenated fuels can be translated into attaining lower NOx emission in line with the EU6 emission target.

Puschmann, Heike, Diezemann, Matthias, Mueller, Sven

More Electric Architecture for Engine and Aircraft Fuel System

2013-01-20809/17/2013

The authors are currently developing the MEE (More Electric Engine) electric motor-driven fuel pump system for aircraft engines. The electric fuel system will contribute to the reduction of engine power extraction to drive the fuel pump; thus, an improvement in engine efficiency will be expected. In addition, the engine system reliability will be improved by introducing advanced electric architecture, and the reduction of hydraulic components, fuel tubes and fittings is effective to enhance the maintainability of the engine. Although it is considered that the MEE electric fuel system will realize several benefits, there are technical challenges to introduce such new electric system into aircraft. One of the key technical challenges is to construct a redundant and simplified electric fuel system, because continuous operation of the fuel pump system is crucial for aircraft safety. The authors consider that integration of the aircraft fuel system and engine fuel system will provide a solution for the technical issue, and propose a concept of an integrated electric fuel system in this paper.

Morioka, Noriko, Oyori, Hitoshi

Small Diameter Fuel Line Permeation Test Procedure

J2996_201301 (Current)1/14/2013

Small Engine and Powered Equipment Committee

Titles, SAE Subcommittee G-3E Aerospace Tubing Installation Documents, Selection Of

ARP1987/3 (Current)1/2/2013

The scope of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to establish the procedure for creating titles of aerospace tubing and clamp installation documents generated by SAE Subcommittee G-3E.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Iso-Stoichiometric Ternary Blends of Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol: Investigations into Exhaust Emissions, Blend Properties and Octane Numbers

2012-01-15869/10/2012

Iso-stoichiometric ternary blends - in which three-component blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol are configured to the same stoichiometric air-fuel ratio as an equivalent binary ethanol-gasoline blend - can function as invisible "drop-in" fuels suitable for the existing E85/gasoline flex-fuel vehicle fleet. This has been demonstrated for the two principal means of detecting alcohol content in such vehicles, which are considered to be a virtual, or software-based, sensor, and a physical sensor in the fuel line. Furthermore when using such fuels the tailpipe CO₂ emissions are essentially identical to those found when the vehicle is operated on E85. Because of the fact that methanol can be made from a wider range of feed stocks than ethanol and at a cheaper price, these blends then provide opportunities to improve energy security, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to produce a fuel blend which could potentially be cheaper on a cost-per-unit-energy basis than gasoline or diesel. The present work extends the validation process for these blends by presenting exhaust emissions measured from a vehicle fitted with a physical alcohol sensor and operated on several ternary blends equivalent to E85. These results show that existing emissions control technology can easily manage exhaust gas aftertreatment when a vehicle is operated on such blends. This is an important finding with regard to their manufacturer and regulatory acceptance. Also, the impact of the methanol-containing nature of ternary blends was investigated. In order to do this, target ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol were prepared with the low oxygen content Coordinated European Council (CEC) emissions reference fuel CEC RF-02-03 and results of physicochemical analyses are presented. These include water tolerance, blend stability, thermal and oxidative stability, volatility and density. Nitrile rubber, Viton and silicone rubber seal swell properties are presented and discussed. In order to investigate octane effects, iso-stoichiometric blends equivalent to E15 were prepared and analyzed, and utilizing molar octane blending modeling the expected E85-equivalent blend octane indices can be predicted. As a result of this work observations are made on air-quality and materials compatibility impacts, and the attractiveness of the approach from a governmental and customer viewpoint.

Turner, James W G, Pearson, Richard J, Bell, Arthur, de Goede, Stefan, Woolard, Christopher

Comparative Analysis of Two Injection Systems Fueled with Biodiesel

2012-01-16579/10/2012

The paper presents experimental results concerning the fueling of two injection systems for D.I. Diesel engines with biodiesel fuel. The neat biodiesel (B100) was obtained from waste vegetable oil (collected from a local branch of McDonald's), using the base catalyzed method; diesel fuel was also used in order to test the injection equipments and obtain reference values. The in-line fuel injection pumps used during the tests were RO-PES4A90D410RS2240 and PES5MW55/320/RS/120403 (Bosch), with the corresponding high-pressure fuel lines and injectors. The injection equipment was mounted on a MIRKOZ test bed, equipped with pressure transducers, rotation angle transducer and a BOSCH injection rate meter. The tests were performed at different pump speeds and displacements of the injection pump control rack. The following injection characteristics were investigated: cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration, pressure wave propagation time, average injection rate, peak injection pressure. For the both types of injection equipment, cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration and peak injection pressure increased when biodiesel was used as fuel (compared to diesel fuel), while the average injection rate and pressure wave propagation time decreased.

Rosca, Radu, Manolache, Gheorghe, Carlescu, Petru, Tenu, Ioan

Transient Thermal Analysis of Diesel Fuel Systems

2012-01-10494/16/2012

In this paper, a transient thermal analysis model for Diesel fuel systems is presented. The purpose of this work is to determine the fuel temperature at various locations along the system, especially inside the tank and at the returned fuel inlet to the tank. Due to the fact that the fuel level is continuously changing during any driving condition, the fuel mass inside the tank is also continuously changing. Consequently, the fuel temperature will change even under steady driving or idle conditions, therefore, this problem should be analyzed using transient thermal analysis models. Effective thermal management requires controlling the surface temperature of the fuel tank, fuel lines and the fuel temperature at the fuel return line as well as inside the tank [1, 2]. Based on the thermal analysis results, it is possible to determine the major source of heat input at several locations of the fuel system. If necessary, a cooling module can be designed to bring down the returned fuel temperature to an acceptable limit. Other thermal protection options that are investigated, in this work, include shielding the fuel tank, fuel supply and return lines and modifying the fuel system materials and dimensions. The results of the mathematical models are compared to test data from physical vehicle testing with respect to various driving scenarios A Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) process is applied in this work for evaluation robust design and determination of most influential design factors.

El-Sharkawy, Alaa

Medical Robotics Experts Help Advance NASA’s Satellite Surgery Project

TBMG-133174/1/2012

Johns Hopkins engineers, recognized as experts in medical robotics, are helping NASA with a space dilemma: How can the agency fix valuable satellites that are breaking down or running out of fuel? One option — sending a human repair crew into space — is costly, dangerous, and sometimes not even possible for satellites in a distant orbit.

Dimensional Analysis to Parameterise Ice Accretion on Mesh Strainers

2011-01-279510/18/2011

Water is always present in jet fuel, usually in a mixture of forms. At very low temperatures this phenomenon can lead to the formation of ice crystals within the aircraft fuel system, which can then stay in suspension within the entire volume of fuel. Pumps within the fuel system transfer fuel around the system. Pumps such as boost pumps that are typically used in fuel systems are protected by a weave type filter mesh at the inlet. Ice accretion on the surface of this mesh has operational implications as it can cause non optimal fuel flow. In this investigation, two fundamental tools are being used: 1) a high fidelity MATLAB model of a mesh strainer, pick-up line and pump, and 2) a test rig of the modelled system. The model is being used to investigate fuel system performance when exposed to fuel containing water/ice contaminants at cold temperatures. The test rig will be used to validate the model and to provide the necessary data to define a set of equations that may theoretically quantify ice accretion on the mesh. The strategy of experimentation on the test rig is being optimized using dimensional analysis (DA) to reduce the number of key variables. Predicting the amount of ice accretion in the pump inlet mesh, is a complex task as the phenomenon depends on a number of factors. There is an extensive list of variables belonging to each of these factors, any of which may affect ice formation on the mesh. Through the use of dimensional analysis and careful design of experimentation (DOE), it is being possible to derive a set of non-dimensional combinations of variables without any direct or explicit knowledge of the laws of physics describing the phenomenon. The development and refinement of the afore mentioned tools will allow the users to investigate ice accretion on the strainer, and predict the resulting system performance.

Baena, Solange, Lawson, Craig, Lam, Joseph Kah-Wah

Investigation of the Gel Formation and Filter Solutions in the Fuel System for Flex-Fuel Vehicles

2011-36-021710/4/2011

At flex fuel technology introduction in the Brazilian market, new technical issues came-up due to ethanol chemical reaction with component materials developed only for gasoline aging. One of these items was the gel formation at fuel system. This gel flows through the fuel systems and clogs the fuel filters. And, as final result, the fuel pump is lost due to overpressure working condition. To implement solutions against this way of failure, it was necessary to understand gel formation mechanism in laboratory level. In this investigation, many boundary conditions were changed and analyzed in order to identify contribution of each factor during gel formation process. As result, it was possible to implement a laboratory gel formation test for fuel filters, not depending any more from field tests and allowing test repeatability to develop an improved fuel filter.

Cordeiro, Sandra Matos, Yoshino, Fernando Jun

Halogen Free Synthetic Elastomer Blend to Meet Properties of Fuel Hose Outer Cover (Return Line) Application

2011-01-22339/13/2011

Diesel engine fuel hose return line is considered as a low pressure line and consists of two layers. The inner layer is used to carry the excess fuel, thereby hose material shall have resistance to fuel and its residues. The outer layer is used to protect inner layer from heat, ozone and oil spillage, thereby outer cover material shall have resistance against the heat, ozone and engine oil. Currently NBR PVC, NBR and FKM materials have been used as inner layer materials in diesel engine fuel hose outer cover application, according to service temperature. Halogen contained CSM material has been used for outer cover application and the production of CSM material was withdrawn by one of the major manufacturer recently. Current global challenge is to use environment friendly material in vehicle components to make hazardous free environment. To replace CSM material, which contains Halogen, the available options are CPE, CR, HNBR and AEM materials. CPE and CR contain Halogen but HNBR and AEM do not. HNBR and AEM can be used in high temperature application however they are more expensive than other materials. Considering all these factors a halogen free and viable synthetic elastomer blend was developed to replace CSM material. It is well known that blends of elastomers containing polar groups are not compatible with hydrocarbon synthetic elastomers. Hence, the challenge lies in blending of these materials. Attempt was made in blending of NBR/Ethylene based synthetic elastomer and XNBR/Ethylene based synthetic elastomer to meet the requirements of fuel hose outer cover. Prior work has resulted in inferior and inconsistent mechanical properties and latter work has led to successful blending of polar and non polar material thereby mechanical properties were achieved.

Sivakumar, Anandan, Gopal, Raghvendra

Effect of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel on Fuel Supply System

2011-01-19508/30/2011

This paper investigates the effects of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel (FTD) (a completely a paraffinic fuel) on the fuel supply system in automotive applications. In particular, the effects of Gas to Liquid (GTL) (an FTD synthesized from natural gas) on the elastomer components has been investigated by laboratory scale tests and field trials. In the field trials, GTL was supplied to a commercial vehicle operator and the effect of real running conditions was observed. Also, the laboratory scale testing to simulate the actual condition of usage of a commercial vehicle was conducted under stringent conditions, and a correlation with the field trials was investigated. As a result, no negative effects related to GTL were found.

Masuko, Masachika, Sakamoto, Yoriko, Okabe, Nobuhiro, Uchida, Noboru, Kitano, Koji, Sakata, Ichiro

Tire Chain Clearance - Trucks, Buses (Except Suburban, Intercity, and Transit Buses), and Combinations of Vehicles

J683_201105 (Current)

5/17/2011

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to set up a guide as to body, frame, and wheel housing clearance to accommodate tire chains, and also the minimum bogie spacing to permit using chains on both axles. These dimensions apply to trucks, buses, and combinations of vehicles 10 001 lb (4535.06 kg) GVW and over, and are based upon recommendations of the Tire and Rim Association and of the National Association of Chain Manufacturers. The diagram shows clearance for chains over the tire ONLY and allowance must be made for spring deflections in determining fender clearance. See Figure 1 and Table 1.

Truck and Bus Total Vehicle Steering Committee

Ground Clearance Simulation at GM Europe using Hyperworks/MotionView

2011-01-07354/12/2011

The early evaluation of vehicle and subsystem concepts, the reduction of the number of necessary test runs, the verification of multiple variants and the possibilities to do quick parameter studies are critical issues in modern engineering where sophisticated simulation methods are used to improve and to fasten the engineering process. Given the future legal requirements for CO2 emissions and the correlated measures to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicle the evaluation of ground clearance is one of the most important topics for the development of future passenger cars. This paper describes how the multi-body simulation environment at GM Europe (GME) - consisting of the Hyperworks/MotionView pre-processing, the Virtual Modeling Components (ViMC) library and the Adams solver - is used to simulate ground clearance load cases (e.g. driving over curbs, ramps and speed humps with distinct speed and with distinct steering angles). Since it is important to use a high-performance tire model that models the deflection of the tire when driving over curbs or edges, the FTire tire model is used. A multi-body simulation with a full vehicle model based on the modular built GME vehicle dynamic master model is run to calculate the trajectories of the underbody. Using the CAD models of the chassis and the underbody and specific clearance tools critical points at the underbody are predicted and critical driving maneuvers are identified. Furthermore, the ground clearance performance is visualized in specific video sequences for more detailed analysis purposes.

Riede, Dr. Peter, Beer, Mark, Erb, Peter, Halfmann, Christoph

The Effect of Using Ethanol-blended Gasoline on the Performance and Durability of Fuel Delivery Systems in Classic Automobiles

2010-01-213510/25/2010

Currently, a majority of the ‘gasoline’ sold at the pumps in the United States is a nominal blend of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol. This mixture is commonly referred to as E10. This paper reports on a study conducted to determine the effects of E10 on the fuel system performance of vintage automobiles. The study focused on the potential degradation in performance of the carburetors and fuel pumps due to exposure to E10. Six fuel systems were selected for study including the 1948 Flathead Ford, 1958 Volkswagen Beetle, 1962 Ford Falcon, 1969 Chevrolet Bel Air and 1970 Chrysler New Yorker. The components tested were either rebuilt original equipment or new aftermarket replacement parts, depending on availability. Although the components tested were not all original equipment parts, they represent a reasonable sample of the types of parts likely to be found in vintage vehicles currently on the road. The fuel system components were tested under both dynamic and static conditions. The dynamic tests were designed to study the operational performance of the components. For dynamic testing, two sets of components were acquired for each model fuel system. The components were assembled in test rigs that mimicked their operation in a vehicle. One set was tested using straight pump-grade gasoline (E0) and the other set was tested using pump-grade E10. The systems were operated for 1600 to 2400 hours at a 25 percent duty cycle. In addition to the run hours, the fuel systems were allowed to sit idle and exposed to fuel for an additional 2600 hours between run cycles, for a total exposure time of 4200 hours. Periodically the fuel pump flow rates and pressure heads were measured. All systems were found to be performing normally throughout the test period. After completion of the testing each component was disassembled and examined for signs of material damage. The most common observation was staining and tarnishing. Nothing was found that would suggest the imminent failure of a part. The static exposure tests were designed to identify material damage caused by alternately wetting and drying the components. These tests were conducted on a third set of components which were cut into sections and periodically sprayed with either E0 or E10. The periodic exposure, a 5 minute soaked followed by a 55 minute dry time exposure in air, was intended to accelerate potential swelling/shrinking problems with seals/gaskets and corrosion problems on metals. After 3000 hours of exposure minor changes were noted, but nothing that would suggest imminent failure of a part.

Davis, Gregory, Hoff, Craig

Hose and Hose Assemblies for Marine Applications

J1942_200907 (Historical)7/29/2009

SAE J1942, developed through the cooperative efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard and SAE, became effective August 28, 1991, as the official document for nonmetallic flexible hose assemblies for commercial marine use. This SAE Standard covers specific requirements for several styles of hose and/or hose assemblies in systems on board commercial vessels inspected and certificated by the U.S. Coast Guard. It is intended that this document establish hose constructions and performance levels that are essential to safe operations in the marine environment. Refer to SAE J1273 for selection, installation, and maintenance of hose and hose assemblies. Refer to SAE J1527 Marine Fuel Hose for hose to convey gasoline or diesel fuel aboard small craft, including pleasure craft and related small commercial craft regulated directly or by reference under 33 CFR 183 Subpart J, and boats and yachts meeting American Boat and Yacht Council standards. SAE J1942-1 -- Qualified Hoses for Marine Applications is a listing of the products which have been certified for use in the applications described in SAE J1942, Table 1 -- HOSE APPLICATION/CONSTRUCTION, for Fluid Power, Fuel Oil, Lube Oil, Water, and Pneumatic systems. SAE J1942-1 is updated yearly and is available from SAE as a single copy document.

Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee

Implementation and Evaluation of a Coriolis Flow Meter

2009-01-06634/20/2009

The Micro Motion CMF010P flow meter is a Coriolis-type mass flow meter used to measure dynamic and static flow rate. A detailed review of this system and five other mass flow rate measuring devices was previously completed at Ford Motor Company’s Powertrain and Fuel Subsystems Laboratory [1, 2]. The comparison analyzed the dynamic mass flow rate results of a high-pressure gasoline fuel injector. The Micro Motion flow meter proved to be easy to use while providing sufficient accuracy and repeatability at a reasonable price. The meter’s inherent technology measures the change in flow tube oscillation frequency and twist to obtain highly accurate density and flow rate measurements. Unfortunately, the operating principle can be subject to resonance. Therefore, the resonant frequencies need to be identified and avoided when taking measurements. A gage R&R (Repeatability & Reproducibility) study confirmed that the system is capable of providing repeatable and reproducible measurements of mass flow through an injector once the system has been properly optimized. The objective of this report is to provide details regarding the implementation of the meter and to present a detailed analysis of its performance in the gage R&R study.

Simms, Vera, Gandhi, Anand, Sommer, Craig

Push-On Hose and Mating Hose Fittings

J2552_200903 (Historical)3/4/2009

This SAE standard provides limited, dimensional and general performance requirements for low pressure, field attachable, push-on hose and their mating hose fittings. The intended application is for fluid and pneumatic power used with petroleum base hydraulic fluids, lube oils, water glycols and air, within the temperature ranges listed in Table 1. The maximum working pressure is 1.7 MPa (see Table 2). For air applications the maximum working pressure is at 0.7 MPa. Hose and hose fittings are manufactured within certain dimensions with tolerance ranges in order to provide the proper gripping and sealing. SAE J2552 hose from one manufacturer may not be compatible with J2552 hose fittings supplied by another manufacturer. It is the responsibility of the fabricator to consult the manufacturers' written assembly instructions or the manufacturers directly before intermixing hose and hose fittings from two manufacturers. Always follow the manufacturers' instructions for proper preparation and fabrication of hose assemblies. Hose assemblies made to this standard shall not be used in dynamic motion, vibrating or impulsing applications, nor for brake hoses or fuel lines.

Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee

Personal Watercraft Fuel Systems

J2046_200808 (Historical)

8/5/2008

This SAE Standard applies to permanently installed gasoline fuel systems in personal watercraft as defined in 2.2, except fuel systems on outboard engines.

Personal Watercraft Committee