Browse Topic: Smart materials

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Numerical Investigation of Autonomous Camber Morphing of a Helicopter Rotor Blade using Shape Memory AlloysF-0077-2021-168985/10/2021
ABSTRACT
Karakalas, Anargyros, Lagoudas,  Dimitris, Ferede, Etana, Gandhi,  Farhan
Smart Fabrics Monitor Body by Changing ColorTBMG-373488/1/2020
Researchers have developed biomaterial-based inks that respond to and quantify chemicals released from the body (e.g., in sweat and potentially other biofluids) or in the surrounding environment by changing color. The inks can be screen printed onto textiles such as clothes, shoes, or even face masks in complex patterns and at high resolution, providing a detailed map of human response or exposure.
Tiny, Magnetically Powered Implant Stimulates Brain Without BatteryTBMG-373448/1/2020
Rice University neuroengineers have created a tiny surgical implant that can electrically stimulate the brain and nervous system without using a battery or wired power supply.
Smart Textiles Powered by Soft Transmission LinesTBMG-373568/1/2020
EPFL researchers have developed electronic fibers that, when embedded in textiles, can collect a wealth of information about our bodies by measuring subtle and complex fabric deformations. Their technology relies on transmission line theory and offers a host of applications, such as in healthcare and robotics.
A Multi-Resonant Speed Piezoelectric Beam Device for Harvesting Energy from Vehicle Wheels2020-01-12364/14/2020
This work analyzes a cantilevered piezoelectric beam device for harvesting energy from the simultaneous rotation and translational vibration of vehicle wheels. The device attaches to the wheel rim so that it displaces tangentially during operation. A lumped-parameter analytical model for the coupled electromechanical system is derived. The device has one natural frequency that is speed-dependent because of centripetal acceleration affecting the total stiffness of the device. Even though the device has one natural frequency, it experiences three resonances as the rotation speed varies. One resonance occurs when the rotation speed coincides with the speed-dependent natural frequency of the device. The other two resonances are associated with excitations from the vibration of the vehicle wheel. The device’s parameters are chosen so that these three resonances occur when the wheel travels near 30 mph, 55 mph, and 70 mph. There are two excitation frequencies that give these resonant speeds, and both choices differ from the conventional selection of the device’s natural frequency to match the excitation frequency. Instead, the device’s natural frequency must be either above or below the natural frequency for these resonances to occur at the intended speeds. The maximum energy harvested by the device is more than 45 milliwatts at each resonance. The speed bandwidths are quantified near each resonance, and, even though the resonances are linear, bandwidths of a few mph demonstrate the robustness of the device to changing vehicle speeds. The sensitivity of the power harvested by the device to the input vibration frequency and equivalent resistance of the electrical load is numerically examined. The power harvested by this device is sufficiently large to permit sensing and communication for next generation intelligent tire applications.
Cooley, Christopher
JLR tackles weight with structural electronics20AUTP03_103/1/2020
Ashutosh Tomar, electrical research technical manager at Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) said he has absolute confidence in the potential of structural electronics (SE) now being pioneered by the company. Dubbed LESA (Lightweight Electronics in Simplified Architecture), the technology is expected in upcoming JLR models, though its use in the next-generation Jaguar XJ to be launched in 2020 has not been confirmed. JLR is completing a successful R&D program into printed SE, initially to introduce curved dashboard screens. The company claims an industry first that has the potential to radically alter vehicle interiors, with other applications forthcoming. SE is not a new technology. Decades ago the aerospace industry was considering it as part of aircraft-surface morphing capability to adapt to varying flight conditions.
Birch, Stuart
High-Performance, Piezoelectric, Hybrid Synthetic Jet ActuatorsTBMG-361813/1/2020
NASA Langley Research Center has invented three serial high-performance, piezoelectric, hybrid synthetic jet actuators to provide active flow control for current and future wing-borne vehicles in subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow. Effective active flow control results in reduced vehicle drag and the prevention of events that can lead to catastrophic loss.
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Yolita Wildman Nugent, Director, Advanced Soft Systems Integration, FlexTBMG-362503/1/2020
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Ekaterina Tkatchouk, Principal Engineer, Edwards LifesciencesTBMG-363103/1/2020
What led you to choose science and/or engineering as a career, particularly in the medical device industry?
Shape-Shifting Robot Uses New Locomotion StrategyTBMG-359942/1/2020
Building conventional robots typically requires combining components like motors, batteries, actuators, body segments, legs, and wheels. A new approach builds a robot entirely from smaller robots called smarticles. The 3D-printed smarticles (smart active particles) can only flap their two arms. But when five of them are confined in a circle, they begin to nudge one another, forming a robophysical system known as a supersmarticle that can move by itself. Adding a light or sound sensor allows the supersmarticle to move in response to the stimulus — and even be controlled well enough to navigate a maze.
Q&A: Electrically Conductive Coated Yarn for Wearable, Washable FabricsTBMG-359822/1/2020
Professor Genevieve Dion, Director of Drexel University's (Philadelphia, PA) Center for Functional Fabrics, is collaborating with other experts to coat yarn with the highly conductive, two-dimensional material MXene. They demonstrated that the yarn could be used with standard textile manufacturing techniques to create wearable conductive fabric.
Energy Harvesting for Soft-Matter Machines and ElectronicsTBMG-360592/1/2020
Air Force (AF) materials capable of dramatic changes in shape and rigidity require soft-matter electronics that support functionality without interfering with the mechanics of the host structure. This program introduced a new class of soft, multifunctional materials that can be used to power these systems by converting elastic strain energy from large deformations into electricity. These materials are composed of soft elastomers embedded with a suspension of liquid metal (LM) droplets that control the electrical properties of the composite.
Q&A: A Shape-Morphing, Self-Healing Soft CompositeTBMG-357881/1/2020
Carmel Majidi, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, and his team has developed a material with a unique combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity, with actuation and self-repair capabilities that are unlike any other soft composite.
Double-Sided Tape for Tissues Could Replace Surgical SuturesTBMG-357811/1/2020
Inspired by a sticky substance that spiders use to catch their prey, MIT engineers have designed a double-sided tape that can rapidly seal tissues together.
Facility Focus: NASA John H. Glenn Research CenterTBMG-3569812/1/2019
Originally established as the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (AERL) — part of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) — in 1941, NASA's Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, OH became a national resource for innovations in aircraft engine technology that influenced commercial and military propulsion systems. Lewis Research Center became part of the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958. In 1999, NASA Lewis was renamed the John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.
Shape Memory Alloy with Adjustable, Wide-Ranging Actuation TemperaturesTBMG-3571112/1/2019
Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new Nickel Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) with additions of Hafnium (Hf) and Zirconium (Zr) that offers a broader transformation temperature range and greater dimensional stability than any other SMA on the market. In spite of their many unique properties, broad commercial success of SMAs has remained elusive due to limited phase transformation temperatures and dimensional instability in high cycle applications.
Optically Fixable Shape Memory PolymersTBMG-3571612/1/2019
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli-responsive materials that remember an original “permanent shape” that can be recovered from a temporary fixed shape by exposure to external stimuli such as heat, electricity, moisture, solvent, or a magnetic field. Shape fixing is most commonly observed by heating the polymeric material above a transition temperature that can be the glass transition (Tg), melting (Tm), or crystalline clearing temperature (Tcl). Recent work has demonstrated that polymeric materials with multiple transitions can exhibit two-way shape memory (2W-SM) behavior and so-called triple shape memory in systems possessing both chemical and physical crosslinking.
Q&A: Refrigeration by Twisting FibersTBMG-3571312/1/2019
Dr. Ray Baughman, Director of the Alan G. MacDiarmid Nano Tech Institute at the University of Texas, Dallas, and his team discovered a new technology for refrigeration that is based on twisting and untwisting fibers.
New Silk Materials Can Wrinkle into Detailed Patterns, Then Unwrinkle to Be “Reprinted”TBMG-3562012/1/2019
Researchers at Tufts University School of Engineering have developed silk materials that can wrinkle into highly detailed patterns — including words, textures, and images as intricate as a QR code or a fingerprint. The patterns take about one second to form, are stable, but can be erased by flooding the surface of the silk with vapor, allowing the researchers to “reverse” the printing and start again. In an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers demonstrate examples of the silk wrinkle patterns, and envision a wide range of potential applications for optical electronic devices.1
Researchers Compare Shape-Memory AlloysTBMG-3563312/1/2019
Researchers have compared two copper-based SMAs of the same composition but fabricated differently. After annealing, the samples were cooled at different rates. Then both samples were heated inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM), so that scientists could observe the martensitic phase transition in real time.
Shape Memory Alloy Art (SMArt)TBMG-3570112/1/2019
Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an educational device and method for creating letters, numbers, characters, symbols, or a combination, using shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The device, which is a small, portable apparatus, goes through a prescribed heating sequence that will train the SMA wire to remember the shape set by the user (e.g. a star, heart, etc.). After the heating and cooling sequence of the device is complete, the user extracts the shape and can distort the trained shape memory alloy wire. Upon application of heat, the wire will transform back into the trained shape.
Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) ActuatorTBMG-3572412/1/2019
The Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator is a low-cost piezoelectric device designed for controlling vibration, noise, and deflections in composite structural beams and panels. It is an encapsulated, high-performance, in-plane, piezoelectric fiber composite strain device that consists of rectangular piezoelectric fibers sandwiched between layers of adhesive and electrode polyimide film.
Critical Wear Assessment of AA8011/Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites with Surface Amendment Using Friction Stir Process2019-28-009610/11/2019
Friction Stir Process (FSP) was employed for surface modification of steel, titanium, aluminum and magnesium-based alloy has been significantly revised through the last decade. Friction Stir Process can improve surface properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance, ductility, strength, fatigue life, corrosion resistance and formability without upsetting the bulk properties of the material. The aluminum alloy having low ductility and softness characteristics are restricted because of their poor tribological properties. Preliminary studies reveal that, an ideal circumstance is to improve the aluminum alloy material life cycles by the way of strengthening the surface layer which can be modified through reinforcing nanoparticles through FSP. The main objective of the study is to improve the surface properties of AA8011 by adding nanoparticles such as SMA and silicon nitrate (Si3N4) through friction stir process. By the way, this experiment was carried out to obtain three set of samples like virgin AA8011, AA8011 with shape memory alloy and AA8011 along with shape memory alloy and silicon nitride during FSP under optimal process parametric condition. The nanoparticles distribution was improved after each FSP pass and improvement in mechanical properties was observed. On the other hand, to assess the tribological performance of prepared hard surface, three samples were taken for tribo meter test. During this study the influenced process parameters were varied out with 10,20,30,40 N of load and 1000, 2000m sliding distance and responses were calculated on wear rate and co-efficient of friction. The wear rate and friction coefficient for alloy, composite and hybrid composite decrease with increase in sliding distance. Further increase in the applied load, the wear rate increased, and friction coefficient decreased. Hybrid composites of AA8011 along with shape memory alloy and silicon nitride specimen have shown significant tribological outcome than other samples. This hybrid FSP sample makes them as reliable alternate material for aerospace and automotive application components in tribological areas.
Ranganathan, Soundararajan, Ramachandran, Shri Vignesh, Palanivelu, Ramprakash, Ramasamy, Saravanakumar
Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Vehicles19AERP10_0110/1/2019
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning technologies in autonomous vehicles is on the rise. Helping to drive this trend is the availability of a new class of embedded AI processors. A good example is NVIDIA's Jetson family, which includes small form factor system on modules (SoMs) that provide GPU-accelerated parallel processing. These high-performance, low-power devices are designed to support the deep learning and computer vision capabilities needed to build software-defined autonomous machines. They derive massive computing capabilities from the use of a parallel processing GPU device with many cores, enabling next-gen computing devices to take on many of the tasks that were historically handled by humans or multiple, traditional computers. How AI provides navigation and obstacle avoidance for autonomous vehicles on land, air, and sea gets a lot of attention, but machine learning is also being used in other ways on unmanned vehicles. These machine learning applications are usually related to the types of sensors that are on board a particular platform. For example, a number of our customers are using AI engines in unmanned situational awareness airborne applications, taking and processing data from different types of sensors, such as cameras, radars, and lidars, which are used for surveillance and detection, and then report that data back to operators.
Smart, Hybrid Actuators Combine Nanometer Precision, Large Forces, and Long Travel Ranges with High DynamicsTBMG-3529010/1/2019
The characteristics of hybrid drives present a practical solution when a position needs to be detected with high precision and moved repeatedly over long travel ranges, or when a target position needs to be reached with nanometer precision. Application areas include precision movement of telescopes, microscopy, surface inspection, semiconductor manufacturing, and laser technology.
Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous VehiclesTBMG-3536010/1/2019
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning technologies in autonomous vehicles is on the rise. Helping to drive this trend is the availability of a new class of embedded AI processors. A good example is NVIDIA’s Jetson family, which includes small form factor system on modules (SoMs) that provide GPU-accelerated parallel processing. These high-performance, low-power devices are designed to support the deep learning and computer vision capabilities needed to build software-defined autonomous machines. They derive massive computing capabilities from the use of a parallel processing GPU device with many cores, enabling next-gen computing devices to take on many of the tasks that were historically handled by humans or multiple, traditional computers.
Hydrogel Fights Orthopedic Bone InfectionsTBMG-3532910/1/2019
Researchers have a developed a double-duty hydrogel that both attacks the bacteria and encourages bone regrowth with a single application containing two active components.
Hydrogel Adhesive Helps in Wound HealingTBMG-3534710/1/2019
Cuts, scrapes, blisters, burns, splinters, and punctures — there are a number of ways our skin can be broken. Most treatments for skin wounds involve simply placing a barrier over them (usually an adhesive gauze bandage) to keep it moist, limit pain, and reduce exposure to infectious microbes, but do not actively assist in the healing process. A new, scalable approach to speeding up wound healing has been developed based on heat-responsive hydrogels that are mechanically active, stretchy, tough, highly adhesive, and antimicrobial: active adhesive dressings (AADs). Created by researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Harvard's John A. Paulson School for Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and McGill University, AADs can close wounds significantly faster than other methods and prevent bacterial growth without the need for any additional apparatus or stimuli. The research is reported in Science Advances.
Tiny Vibration-Powered Robots Can Work TogetherTBMG-350929/1/2019
Researchers have created a new type of tiny 3D printed robot that moves by harnessing vibration from piezoelectric actuators, ultrasound sources, or even tiny speakers. Swarms of these “micro-bristle-bots” might work together to sense environmental changes, move materials, or perhaps one day repair injuries inside the human body.
Conductive Textiles Connect Multiple WearablesTBMG-350939/1/2019
Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a completely new way for wearable devices to interconnect. They incorporated conductive textiles into clothing to dynamically connect several wearable devices at once. This “wireless body sensor network” allows devices to transmit data with 1,000 times stronger signal than conventional technologies, meaning the battery life of all devices is dramatically improved. Wireless networks of these wearable devices on a body have future applications in health monitoring, medical interventions, and human-machine interfaces.
Nitinol-Actuated, Normally Open Valve Assembly (NOVA)TBMG-348948/1/2019
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the NOVA zero-leak, permanent isolation valve that helps prevent leaks in space propulsion systems with operating pressures less than or equal to 500 psia. The actuator is made from nitinol, a heat-activated, non-explosive, shape memory alloy and the result is a valve that is much safer than the currently used pyrovalve.
Effects of Tube Processing on the Fatigue Life of Nitinol: Part 1TBMG-349718/1/2019
With medical devices approved for more demanding cardiovascular applications such as transcatheter aortic and mitral valve repair (TAVR/TMVR), the long-term structural integrity of the substrate remains of paramount concern. With these considerations in mind, much attention has been paid to factors affecting the fatigue life of nitinol in order to ensure long-term device efficacy. High-cycle fatigue life of unique material is of particular interest.2–5
Multistep Self-Assembly for Reconfigurable MaterialsTBMG-347487/1/2019
Self-assembling synthetic materials come together when tiny, uniform building blocks interact and form a structure; however, nature lets materials like proteins of varying size and shape assemble, allowing for complex architectures that can handle multiple tasks.
Chemists Develop Nanoscale Bioabsorbable Wound DressingTBMG-348027/1/2019
Scientists at Texas A&M University are harnessing the combined power of organic nanomaterials-based chemistry and a natural product found in crustacean exoskeletons to help bring emergency medicine one step closer to a viable solution for mitigating blood loss, from the hospital to the battlefield.
Self-Assembled Micro-Organogels Enable 3D Printing of Silicone StructuresTBMG-347527/1/2019
For the millions of people every year who have or need medical devices implanted, an advancement in 3D printing technology could enable significantly quicker implantation of devices that are stronger, less expensive, more flexible, and more comfortable than anything currently available. Such devices are molded, which could take days or weeks to create customized parts designed to fit an individual patient. The 3D printing method cuts that time to hours; additionally, small and complex devices such as pressure-sensitive valves, simply cannot be molded in one step.
Ingestible, Expanding Pill Monitors the Stomach for Up to a MonthTBMG-346246/1/2019
An ingestible pill was developed that, upon reaching the stomach, quickly swells to the size of a soft, squishy ping-pong ball big enough to stay in the stomach for an extended period of time. The inflatable pill is embedded with a sensor that continuously tracks the stomach's temperature for up to 30 days. If the pill needs to be removed from the stomach, a patient can drink a solution of calcium that triggers the pill to quickly shrink to its original size and pass safely out of the body.
A Sensor that Fits Like a GloveTBMG-345896/1/2019
We recently had a discussion with Sri Peruvemba, VP of Strategy at BeBop Sensors (Berkeley, CA), about the technology and applications for their two-dimensional fabric sensor material. I started by asking Sri about the unusual name for the company.
Q&A: 3D-Printed Hydrogel Blocks Can Aid Robotics and DiagnosticsTBMG-346316/1/2019
Ian Y. Wong, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Engineering, Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology at Brown University in Providence, RI. He and colleagues have developed a new type of hydrogel blocks that can be assembled like LEGO®s.
Soft Tissue Substitute Offers Fewer Side EffectsTBMG-345536/1/2019
Researchers have invented a synthetic soft tissue substitute that is well tolerated and encourages the growth of soft tissue and blood vessels. This new material retains its shape without being too dense, overcoming challenges with current tissue fillers that tend to be either too soft or not porous enough to let cells move in and start regrowing tissue.
Autonomous Camber Morphing of a Helicopter Rotor Blade with Temperature Change using Integrated Shape Memory AlloysF-0075-2019-147265/13/2019
The present study proposes and explores a new autonomous morphing concept, whereby an increase in helicopter rotor blade camber of the order of 12-13° is realized over the inboard section of the blade with increase in ambient temperature. The camber change is achieved through a proper integration of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) on the lower surface of the blade aft of the leading-edge spar. For a reference rotor (no-SMA) generating 21,000 lbs thrust, operation in hot conditions resulted in a 2,590lb loss in lift. When the SMA camber morphing section extends from the blade root to 50% span, the rotor recovered up to 43% of the lift loss at high temperature. If the camber-morphing section is further extended to 75% span, up to 82% of the lost lift can be recovered.
DiPalma, Matthew, Gandhi, Farhan
Method Shrinks Objects to the NanoscaleTBMG-344085/1/2019
Existing techniques for creating nano-structures are limited in what they can accomplish. Etching patterns onto a surface with light can produce 2D nano-structures but doesn’t work for 3D structures. It is possible to make 3D nano-structures by gradually adding layers on top of each other, but this process is slow and challenging. And while methods exist that can directly 3D-print nanoscale objects, they are restricted to specialized materials like polymers and plastics that lack the functional properties necessary for many applications. Also, they can only generate self-supporting structures; for example, the technique can yield a solid pyramid, but not a linked chain or a hollow sphere.
Transparent, Self-Healing Electronic SkinTBMG-344115/1/2019
Scientists have taken inspiration from underwater invertebrates like jellyfish to create an electronic skin with similar functionality. Like a jellyfish, the electronic skin is transparent, stretchable, touch-sensitive, and self-healing in aquatic environments.
Bendable Electronic Paper Displays a Range of ColorsTBMG-343825/1/2019
The combination of conductive polymers on nanostructures was demonstrated as suited to creating electronic displays as thin as paper. The “paper” is similar to the Kindle tablet. It does not light up like a standard display, but rather reflects the external light that illuminates it; therefore, it works very well where there is bright light such as sunlight, in contrast to standard LED displays that work best in darkness. At the same time, it needs only a tenth of the energy that a Kindle tablet uses, which itself uses much less energy than a tablet LED display.
Investigating Collaborative Robot Gripper Configurations for Simple Fabric Pick and Place Tasks2019-01-06994/2/2019
Fiber composite materials are widely used in many industrial applications - specially in automotive, aviation and consumer goods. Introducing light-weighting material solutions to reduce vehicle mass is driving innovative materials research activities as polymer composites offer high specific stiffness and strength compared to contemporary engineering materials. However, there are issues related to high production volume, automation strategies and handling methods. The state of the art for the production of these light-weight flexible textile or composite fiber products is setting up multi-stage manual operations for hand layups. Material handling of flexible textile/fiber components is a process bottleneck. Consequently, the long term research goal is to develop semi-automated pick and place processes for flexible materials utilizing collaborative robots within the process. Collaborative robots allow for interactive human-machine tasks to be conducted. The immediate research is to assess standard and modified grippers for basic material pick and place tasks via sets of experimental tasks. Pick and place experiments with flat carbon fiber fabric and two gripper configurations are tested with a YuMi 14000 ABB collaborative robot to determine the gripper characteristics and performance on the pickup, thread damage, material wrinkling, and slippage for two gripping forces, and two travel speeds. It is shown that using a silicone sleeve reduces the observed damage, material slippage, and wrinkling for most conditions.
Alebooyeh, Morteza, Wang, Bowen, Urbanic, Ruth Jill, Djuric, Ana, Kalami, Hamed
Thin, Durable Heating PatchesTBMG-341404/1/2019
Thin, durable heating patches were created using intense pulses of light to fuse tiny silver wires with polyester. Their heating performance is nearly 70 percent higher than similar patches. The inexpensive patches can be powered by coin batteries and can generate heat where the human body needs it since they can be sewed on as patches.
Silver Nanowires Promise More Comfortable Smart TextilesTBMG-342744/1/2019
Researchers have developed a simple, scalable, and low-cost capillary-driven self-assembly method to prepare flexible and stretchable conductive fibers that have applications in wearable electronics and smart fabrics.
Smart Microrobots Adapt to SurroundingsTBMG-341154/1/2019
Researchers, drawing inspiration from bacteria, have designed smart, bio-compatible microrobots that are highly flexible. Because these devices are able to swim through fluids and modify their shape when needed, they can pass through narrow blood vessels and intricate systems without compromising on speed or maneuverability.
See-Through Film Rejects 70 Percent of Incoming Solar HeatTBMG-341664/1/2019
A heat-rejecting film was developed that could be applied to a building’s windows to reflect up to 70 percent of the Sun’s incoming heat. The film remains highly transparent below 32 °C (89 °F). Above that temperature, the film acts as an “autonomous system” to reject heat. If every exterior-facing window in a building were covered in this film, air conditioning and energy costs could drop by 10 percent.
Lightweighting in Aerospace Component and System DesignTBMG-339143/1/2019
Lightweighting design is an extensively explored and utilized concept in many industries, especially in aerospace applications, and is associated with the green aviation concept. The contribution of aviation to global warming phenomena and environmental pollution has led to ongoing efforts for the reduction of aviation emissions. Approaches to achieve this target include increasing energy efficiency. An effective way to increase energy efficiency and reduce fuel consumption is reducing the mass of aircraft, as a lower mass requires less lift force and thrust during flight. For example, for the Boeing 787, a 20% weight savings resulted in 10 to 12% improvement in fuel efficiency. In addition to reduction of carbon footprint, flight performance improvements such as better acceleration, higher structural strength and stiffness, and better safety performance could also be achieved by lightweight design.
5 Ws of 3D-Printing Piezoelectric MaterialsTBMG-339203/1/2019
Piezoelectric materials are used in everything from cellphones and wearables, to robotics, energy harvesting, and tactile sensors.
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