Browse Topic: Oxygen

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The Sky’s the Limit... Except for FuelLIFTOFF202411/08/2024
Oxygen and Petrol
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification ForAS5258A (Current)10/13/2021
This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification ForAS5258A-TEST-REC (Historical)10/13/2021
This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Minimum Standard for Portable Gaseous, Oxygen EquipmentAS1046C (Historical)08/11/2021
This standard is intended to apply to portable compressed gaseous oxygen equipment. When properly configured, this equipment is used either for the administration of supplemental oxygen, first aid oxygen or smoke protection to one or more occupants of either private or commercial transport aircraft. This standard is applicable to the following types of portable oxygen equipment: a Continuous flow 1 Pre-set 2 Adjustable 3 Automatic b Demand flow 1 Straight-demand 2 Diluter-demand 3 Pressure-demand c Combination continuous flow and demand flow.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Aluminum Alloy Powder 4.6Cu - 3.4Ti - 1.4B - 0.75Ag - 0.27MgAMS7033 (Current)06/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Aluminum Alloy Powder 4.6Cu - 3.4Ti - 1.4B - 0.75Ag - 0.27MgAMS7033-TEST-REC (Historical)06/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Investigating the Effect of Water and Oxygen Distributions on Consistency of Current Density Using a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Model of a PEM Fuel Cell2021-01-073704/06/2021
Activation loss, mass transfer loss and ohmic loss are the three main voltage losses of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. While the former two types are relevant to concentration of oxygen in catalyst layer and the later one is associated with the water content in membrane. Distributions of water content and oxygen in a single cell are inconsistent which cause that current densities in each segment of the single cell are different. For the dry inlet gas, the water in the segments near the gas inlet channel will be carried to the segments near the gas outlet channel, which causes high ohmic loss of the segments near the gas inlet channel. In this work, a transfer non-isothermal quasi-three-dimensional model is developed to investigate inconsistency of current densities. Comprehensive physical and chemical phenomena inside the cell are included, especially the mass transfer of hydrogen, oxygen, vapor and liquid water in gas channels, gas diffusion layer and catalyst layer and
Wang, Xuhui, Lu, Yikang, Zhang, Baitao, Xu, Sichuan
Control Strategies for Prevention of PEMFC Oxygen Starvation: A Review2021-01-074304/06/2021
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) which has advantages of starting fast, high energy density, high efficiency, lower operating temperature and little pollution is widely regarded as one of the most promising energy sources. The PEMFC system includes several subsystems such as air supply subsystem, hydrogen supply subsystem, thermal management subsystem, water management subsystem, energy management subsystem and so on. The Air supply subsystem has great influence on the performance and life of PEMFC stack. Whether oxygen supply in air supply subsystem is sufficient or not will affects reaction rate of fuel, the operating temperature and degradation of PEMFC stack and so on. To solve the issue of oxygen starvation in PEMFC stack, the control strategies for improving dynamic response and preventing air shortage of the PEMFC air supply subsystem are reviewed. In this paper, the traditional proportional integral differential control, model predictive control, self-adaptive control
Gong, Dapeng, Xu, Sichuan, Zhang, Baitao
FITTING, PORT PLUG AND BLEEDERAS5169C (Historical)02/01/2021
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Generating Renewable Hydrogen Fuel from the SeaTBMG-3835801/01/2021
Researchers have integrated water purification technology into a new proof-of-concept design for a sea water electrolyzer that uses an electric current to split apart the hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules. This new method for “sea water splitting” could make it easier to turn wind and solar energy into a storable and portable fuel.
New Method Makes Computer Memory from Titanium OxideTBMG-3834001/01/2021
A team has developed a method to imbue computer chips that power machine-learning applications with more processing power by using a common material found in house paint in an analog memory device that enables highly energy-efficient machine inference operations. The material, titanium oxide, is a commonly made material used in house paint. It is an oxide, which means it already contains oxygen. Subtracting some of the oxygen creates oxygen vacancies that make the material electrically conductive. Those oxygen vacancies can now store electrical data, giving almost any device more computing power.
Terminology for Titanium MicrostructuresAS1814F (Current)07/16/2020
This list of terms, with accompanying photomicrographs where appropriate, is intended as a guide for use in the preparation of material specifications.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Lubricants for Oxygen UseAIR4071A (Current)07/14/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes two classes of lubricants which, when properly applied, can be used in oxygen systems and components.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Steel, Bars and Forgings 2.0Cr - 10Ni - 8.0Co - 1.0Mo (0.10 - 0.14C) (HY-180) Double Vacuum Melted Solution Heat Treated, Marage HardenableAMS6543G (Current)06/29/2020
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality maraging steel in the form of bars 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and over in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Bars and Forgings 2.0Cr - 10Ni - 8.0Co - 1.0Mo (0.10 - 0.14C) (HY-180) Double Vacuum Melted Solution Heat Treated, Marage HardenableAMS6543G-TEST-REC (Historical)06/29/2020
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality maraging steel in the form of bars 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and over in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Scaling Low-Cost Carbon Fiber Production with Oxidation TechnologyTBMG-3711006/01/2020
Few materials used in manufacturing today are as versatile and desirable in performance applications as carbon fiber. Also known as graphite fiber and carbon graphite, carbon fiber is made up of thin strands of carbon that vary in diameter from four to ten microns, dependent on manufacturer and use. Do not let the size of these fibers fool you. Carbon fiber is regarded as one of the lightest and strongest materials on Earth. Compared to a unit of steel, carbon fiber is up to ten times stronger, two times stiffer, and 66% lighter.
Aluminum Alloy Powder 10.0Si - 0.35MgAMS7018 (Current)05/11/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Aluminum Alloy Powder 10.0Si - 0.35MgAMS7018-TEST-REC (Historical)05/11/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Color-Changing Bandages Sense and Treat Bacterial InfectionsTBMG-3625303/01/2020
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. Sensing and treating bacterial infections earlier could help improve patients’ recovery, as well curb the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have developed color-changing bandages that can sense drug-resistant and drug-sensitive bacteria in wounds and treat them accordingly.
Evaluation of the Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Common Aircraft Electrical MaterialsTBMG-3605802/01/2020
Among all of the large-scale disinfection and/or decontamination technologies available, vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP®) is of particular interest due to its rapid sterilization, easy usage, intrinsic environmental friendliness (i.e. simple by-products composed of only water and oxygen), and compatibility with many materials and systems.
Process Synthesizes Carbon Nanotubes Using Carbon DioxideTBMG-3596102/01/2020
Carbon nanotubes are supermaterials that can be stronger than steel and more conductive than copper. The reason they're not in every application from batteries to tires is that these properties only show up in the tiniest nanotubes, which are extremely expensive. A new process was developed that can make these materials from carbon dioxide drawn from the air, in a way that is much less expensive than other methods. These materials could impact how emissions can be used in future technology.
Breathable Electronic Skin Using Nanofiber SubstrateTBMG-3580701/01/2020
Wearable electronic devices for health monitoring using electronic skin have emerged but most electronic skin-related technologies utilize materials such as plastic or rubber that can cause skin irritation or interfere with metabolism when attached to skin or biological tissue.
Superconductivity in a Nickel Oxide MaterialTBMG-3568912/01/2019
Scientists have made the first nickel oxide material that shows clear signs of superconductivity — the ability to transmit electrical current with no loss. Also known as a nickelate, it's the first unconventional superconductor that is very similar to copper oxides, or cuprates, which indicated that superconductors could someday operate at near-room-temperature and revolutionize electronic devices, power transmission, and other technologies. Those similarities may show that nickelates could also superconduct at relatively high temperatures.
Potassium-Oxygen Battery Stores Clean EnergyTBMG-3569212/01/2019
Researchers have developed a more efficient, more reliable potassium-oxygen battery with a cathode that stores the energy produced by a chemical reaction in a metal-oxygen or metal-air battery. The battery could make renewable energy sources like solar and wind more viable options for the power grid through cheaper, more efficient energy storage.
Precipitation Hardenable Steel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Powder for Additive Manufacturing 16.0Cr - 4.0Ni - 4.0Cu - 0.30NbAMS7012 (Current)11/14/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Invisible Tags Write, Read, and Erase Using LightTBMG-3526910/01/2019
A method was developed that enables information to be contained in simple plastic foils with a thickness of less than 50 μm, which is thinner than a human hair. Organic luminescent molecules are introduced into the transparent plastic foils. In the beginning, these molecules are in an inactive, dark state; by locally using ultraviolet irradiation, it is possible to turn this dark state into an active, luminescent one.
Graphene Coating Takes Oxygen Out of Lithium Battery FiresTBMG-3460106/01/2019
Lithium batteries allow electric vehicles to travel several hundred miles on one charge. Their capacity for energy storage is well known — so is their tendency to occasionally catch on fire. This “thermal runaway” occurs most frequently when the batteries overheat or cycle rapidly.
Designs to Dye for: Autonomy's New-Materials Revolution19AVEP05_0505/01/2019
From pineapples to bacteria, Envisage's research is focused on new mobility's ‘inside’ story. Evolving vehicle engineering constantly reshapes vehicle architectures. But along with electrified drive-trains and autonomous capabilities is the need for a mindset shift in materials, opening the way for new sustainable solutions in color, materials and finish (CMF). Future cabins could have pineapple, banana, coconut and eucalyptus among the material solutions-with bacteria playing a potentially positive role. All these sources are at play for research designer Sammie Mayers-Nissen and her colleagues at Envisage, the U.K.-based specialist engineering services provider helping to find sustainable alternatives to plastic, leather and harmful dyes that still meet quality, durability and cost demands. “As always, in terms of R&D of alternative materials and color, production-cost consideration is the massive driver, with performance very close behind,” said Mayers-Nissen.
Birch, Stuart
FITTING, PORT PLUG AND BLEEDERAS5169B (Historical)03/28/2019
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing, 47.5Ni - 22Cr - 1.5Co - 9.0Mo - 0.60W - 18.5FeAMS7008 (Current)03/26/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing, 60Ni - 22Cr - 2.0Mo - 14W - 0.35Al - 0.03LaAMS7013 (Current)01/03/2019
The intended upper bound of this specification is that the particle size distribution (PSD) of powders supplied shall be <60 mesh (250 µm) and that no powder (0.0 wt.%) greater than 40 mesh (425 µm) is allowed.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
New Catalyst for Plastic Production Also Creates HydrogenTBMG-3339012/01/2018
Researchers have developed a new, low-cost catalyst for plastic production that turns a biorefinery product into a starting material for the synthesis of plastics, which could represent a sustainable alternative to widespread PET. At the same time, hydrogen can also be formed during the reaction.
Numerical Investigation on Effects of Combustion Chamber Structure and Oxygen Enriched Air on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine2018-01-178609/10/2018
In order to improve the combustion and emissions for high-speed marine diesel engines, numerical investigations on effects of different combustion chamber structures combined with oxygen enriched air have to be conducted. The study uses AVL Fire code to establish three-dimensional combustion model and simulate the in-cylinder flow, air-fuel mixing and combustion process with the flow dynamics metrics such as swirl number and uniformity index, analyze the interactional effects of combustion chamber structures and oxygen enriched air against the experimental data for a part load operation at 1350 r/min, find the optimized way to improve engine performance as well as decrease the NOx and soot emissions. The novelty is that this study is to combine different oxygen concentration with different combustion chamber structures including the re-entrant chamber, the straight chamber and the open chamber. Results show that the chamber diameter, bowl depth, oxygen enrichment can greatly influence
Zhao, Changpu, Huang, Sirui, Wang, Ke
Comparing Large Eddy Simulation of a Reacting Fuel Spray with Measured Quantitative Flame Parameters2018-01-172009/10/2018
In order to reduce engine out CO2 emissions, it is a main subject to find new alternative fuels from renewable sources. For identifying the specification of an optimized fuel for engine combustion, it is essential to understand the details of combustion and pollutant formation. For obtaining a better understanding of the flame behavior, dynamic structure large eddy simulations are a method of choice. In the investigation presented in this paper, an n-heptane spray flame is simulated under engine relevant conditions starting at a pressure of 50 bar and a temperature of 800 K. Measurements are conducted at a high-pressure vessel with the same conditions. Liquid penetration length is measured with Mie-Scatterlight, gaseous penetration length with Shadowgraphy and lift-off length as well as ignition delay with OH*-Radiation. In addition to these global high-speed measurement techniques, detailed spectroscopic laser measurements are conducted at the n-heptane flame. Spontaneous Raman
Ottenwaelder, Tamara, Pischinger, Stefan
Molybdenum Alloy Bars 0.48Ti - 0.09Zr - 0.02C Arc Cast, Stress RelievedAMS7819E (Current)08/14/2018
This specification covers an arc-cast molybdenum alloy in the form of round bars 0.125 to 4.5 inches (3.00 to 112.50 mm), inclusive.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Molybdenum Alloy Bars 0.48Ti - 0.09Zr - 0.02C Arc Cast, Stress RelievedAMS7819E-TEST-REC (Historical)08/14/2018
This specification covers an arc-cast molybdenum alloy in the form of round bars 0.125 to 4.5 inches (3.00 to 112.50 mm), inclusive.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Titanium Alloy, Sheet 6Al - 2Sn - 2Zr - 2Mo - 2Cr - 0.15Si AnnealedAMS4898E (Historical)08/08/2018
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet in nominal thicknesses 0.016 through 0.1874 inch (0.41 through 4.760 mm).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Titanium Alloy, Sheet 6Al - 2Sn - 2Zr - 2Mo - 2Cr - 0.15Si AnnealedAMS4898E-TEST-REC (Historical)08/08/2018
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet in nominal thicknesses 0.016 through 0.1874 inch (0.41 through 4.760 mm).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing, 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.65NbAMS7001 (Current)06/08/2018
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Compact Termination for Structural Soft GoodsTBMG-2903306/01/2018
Space environments are particularly harsh for the high-strength fibers NASA relies on for soft structures. Kevlar, Nomex, Nylon, and other synthetic fibers are broken down by exposure to the combination of vacuum, atomic oxygen, and ultraviolet radiation. Glass fiber offers unique advantages for structural applications, but is hampered by a sensitivity to bend radius and large sewn areas in order to distribute loads appropriately. The goal of this project was to determine the geometric limits of a potted end termination, and to assess weight and volume savings over a traditional sewn pin and clevis termination.
Modelling the Variation in Precious Metal Dispersion in a Three Way Catalytic Converter after Aging2018-01-095904/03/2018
With emission legislations becoming ever more stringent, there is an increased pressure on after-treatment systems and more specifically three-way catalysts. With recent developments in emission legislations, there is a requirement for more complex after-treatment systems and understanding of the aging process. Whilst the body of understanding on catalyst deactivation and, in particular, catalyst aging is growing, there are still significant gaps in understanding, particularly how real world variations in temperature, flow rate and gas concentrations affect catalyst behavior. Under normal driving conditions, the catalyst can experience varying oxygen concentrations, such as under heavy acceleration or cruising down a hill will show a variation in oxygen from the engine emissions. The effect that varying oxygen concentrations has on the rate of aging is not fully understood and hence the total deactivation and conversion efficiencies are not known throughout the catalyst lifetime
Irwin, Kurtis, Douglas, Roy, Stewart, Jonathan David, Pedlow, Andrew, Woods, Andrew
Mechanisms of Enhanced Reactivity with Ozone Addition for Advanced Compression Ignition2018-01-124904/03/2018
Mechanisms responsible for enhanced charge reactivity with intake added ozone (O3) were explored in a single-cylinder, optically accessible, research engine configured for low-load advanced compression ignition (ACI) experiments. The influence of O3 concentration (0-40 ppm) on engine performance metrics was evaluated as a function of intake temperature and start of injection for the engine fueled by iso-octane, 1-hexene, or a 5-component gasoline surrogate. For the engine fueled by either the gasoline surrogate or 1-hexene, 25 ppm of added O3 reduced the intake temperature required for stable combustion by 65 and 80°C, respectively. An ultraviolet (UV) light absorption diagnostic was also used to measure crank angle (CA) resolved in-cylinder O3 concentrations for select motored and fired operating conditions. The O3 measurements were compared to results from complementary 0D chemical kinetic simulations that utilized detailed chemistry mechanisms augmented with O3 oxidation chemistry
Ekoto, Isaac, Foucher, Fabrice
A New Catalyzed HC Trap Technology that Enhances the Conversion of Gasoline Fuel Cold-Start Emissions2018-01-093804/03/2018
Passive in-line catalyzed hydrocarbon (HC) traps have been used by some manufacturers in the automotive industry to reduce regulated tailpipe (TP) emissions of non-methane organic gas (NMOG) during engine cold-start conditions. However, most NMOG molecules produced during gasoline combustion are only weakly adsorbed via physisorption onto the zeolites typically used in a HC trap. As a consequence, NMOG desorption occurs at low temperatures resulting in the use of very high platinum group metal (PGM) loadings in an effort to combust NMOG before it escapes from a HC trap. In the current study, a 2.0 L direct-injection (DI) Ford Focus running on gasoline fuel was evaluated with full useful life aftertreatment where the underbody converter was either a three-way catalyst (TWC) or a HC trap. A new HC trap technology developed by Ford and Umicore demonstrated reduced TP NMOG emissions of 50% over the TWC-only system without any increase in oxides of oxygen (NOx) emissions. Other HC trap
Lupescu, Jason, Xu, Lifeng, Jen, Hung-Wen, Harwell, Amy, Nunan, John, Alltizer, Chad, Denison, Gregory
Cobalt Oxygen-Evolving Catalysts for Clean Solar FuelTBMG-2871204/01/2018
By splitting a water molecule into two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen, scientists can use the Sun’s energy to make a clean fuel. Splitting a water molecule requires a metal catalyst to get the reaction started. Recently, much scientific attention has focused on cobalt, a relatively abundant and inexpensive catalyst that — in the right circumstances — can serve as an escort to an electronic connection between hydrogens and oxygens.
Tech Briefs April 201818AERP0202/01/2018
Multi-Domain Command and Control (MDC2) Changing the Face of Modern Warfare Loop Thermosyphons Gravity-Driven Two-Phase Cooling for the 21st Century CompactPCI Serial Space A New Embedded System Specification Takes on Extreme Environments Plain Bearings for Aerospace Applications Additive Manufacturing Materials for RF Components NASA CubeSats: Pushing the Boundaries of Technology Content Addressable Memory (CAM) Technologies for Big Data and Intelligent Electronics Enabled By Magneto-Electric Ternary CAM New associative memory approach based on the propagation of spikes provides ultra-low energy search operations. Natural DNA-Based Nonvolatile Resistive Switching Memory Reliable memory devices can be realized within a single macromolecule based on natural DNA. A Mechanistic Analysis of Oxygen Vacancy Driven Conductive Filament Formation in Resistive Random Access Memory Metal/NiO/Metal Structures Study could lead to more efficient electrically switchable resistive random access memory
A Mechanistic Analysis of Oxygen Vacancy Driven Conductive Filament Formation in Resistive Random Access Memory Metal/NiO/Metal Structures18AERP02_0902/01/2018
Study could lead to more efficient electrically switchable resistive random access memory devices. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices have drawn much interest in the last decade, particularly the concept of a memristor. In this case, the so-called memristance, which provides the relationship between the change in charge (time integral of the current) and flux (time integral of the voltage), is not a constant as in linear elements, but a function of the charge, resulting in a nonlinear circuit element. Applications of such two-terminal electrical devices that provide high densities and low-power operation include, for instance, neuromorphic-type computing elements. This area of research led to a study on the effects of ionizing radiation on such devices. Significant focus on filamentary- type resistive switching (RS) mechanisms emerged, where formation/rupture of a conductive filament (CF) ensures
Extrusion Method Improves Structural Properties of MagnesiumTBMG-2817201/01/2018
Magnesium is 75 percent lighter than steel, 33 percent lighter than aluminum, and is the fourth most common element on Earth behind iron, silicon, and oxygen. But despite its light weight and natural abundance, automakers have been halted in their attempts to incorporate magnesium alloys into structural car parts. To provide the necessary strength has required the addition of costly rare elements such as dysprosium, praseodymium, and ytterbium.
Ultrathin Semiconductor Materials “Rust” to Insulate CircuitryTBMG-2798212/01/2017
Silicon has several qualities that have led it to become the bedrock of electronics. One is that it features a very good “native” insulator — silicon dioxide, or silicon rust. Exposing silicon to oxygen during manufacturing gives chip makers a way to isolate their circuitry. Other semiconductors do not “rust” into good insulators when exposed to oxygen, so they must be layered with additional insulators — a step that introduces engineering challenges. Two new ultrathin materials share that trait, making them promising materials for electronics of the future.
Catalytic Characteristic and Application Performance of Catalyzed DPFs Coated with Various Content of Precious Metal in China2017-01-237910/08/2017
Recent toxicological and epidemiologic studies have shown that diesel emissions have been a significant toxic air contaminant. Catalyzed DPF (CDPF) not only significantly reduces the PM mass emissions (>90%), but also further promotes carrier self-regeneration and oxidize more harmful gaseous pollutants by the catalyst coated on the carrier. However, some ultrafine particles and potentially harmful gaseous pollutants, such as VOCs species, originally emitted in the vapor-phase at high plume temperature, may penetrate through the CDPF filter. Furthermore, the components and content of catalyst coated on the CDPF could influence the physicochemical properties and toxicity intensity of those escaping ultrafine particles and gaseous pollutants. In this work, (1) we investigated the influence of precious metal content as a variable parameter on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of the small CDPF samples. Dispersion of the precious metal on the fresh samples presented
Feng, Qian, Shen, Shu, Li, Mengliang, Li, Zhijun, Qin, Kongjian, Lou, Diming, Wang, Jiguang, Fang, Xiyu
Measurement of Soot Concentration in a Prototype Multi-Hole Diesel Injector by High-Speed Color Diffused Back Illumination Technique2017-01-225510/08/2017
A prototype multi-hole diesel injector operating with n-heptane fuel from a high-pressure common rail system is used in a high-pressure and high-temperature test rig capable of reaching 1100 Kelvin and 150 bar under different oxygen concentrations. A novel optical set-up capable of visualizing the soot cloud evolution in the fuel jet from 30 to 85 millimeters from the nozzle exit with the high-speed color diffused back illumination technique is used as a result of the insertion of a high-pressure window in the injector holder opposite to the frontal window of the vessel. The experiments performed in this work used one wavelength provide information about physical of the soot properties, experimental results variating the operational conditions show the reduction of soot formation with an increase in injection pressure, a reduction in ambient temperature, a reduction in oxygen concentration or a reduction in ambient density.
Payri, Raul, Gimeno, Jaime, Cardona, Santiago, Ayyapureddi, Sridhar
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