Browse Topic: Odors

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Organic Semiconductor Thin-Film Sensors Detect Disease Markers in BreathTBMG-348958/1/2019
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have emerged as a new class of electronic materials promising a wide range of applications including organic field-effect transistors (OFET), solar cells, thermoelectrics, electronic skins, and chemical and mechanical sensors by virtue of their chemical versatility, solution processability, and mechanical flexibility.
Designs to Dye for: Autonomy's New-Materials Revolution19AVEP05_055/1/2019
From pineapples to bacteria, Envisage's research is focused on new mobility's ‘inside’ story. Evolving vehicle engineering constantly reshapes vehicle architectures. But along with electrified drive-trains and autonomous capabilities is the need for a mindset shift in materials, opening the way for new sustainable solutions in color, materials and finish (CMF). Future cabins could have pineapple, banana, coconut and eucalyptus among the material solutions-with bacteria playing a potentially positive role. All these sources are at play for research designer Sammie Mayers-Nissen and her colleagues at Envisage, the U.K.-based specialist engineering services provider helping to find sustainable alternatives to plastic, leather and harmful dyes that still meet quality, durability and cost demands. “As always, in terms of R&D of alternative materials and color, production-cost consideration is the massive driver, with performance very close behind,” said Mayers-Nissen.
Birch, Stuart
A Modeling Study on the Influence of Aromatic Fluorescence Tracers on Compression Ignition Engine Operation2018-01-17849/10/2018
Aromatic substances, which are added to the fuel as fluorescing tracers, are in widespread use as a means of investigating mixing and reaction processes in IC engines by laser-based visualization techniques. The fuel/tracer/air mixture may differ from the pure fuel/air mixture in its chemical and its physical properties, and both aspects can be equally relevant for engine operation. They may, furthermore, interact due to the dependence of chemical reaction on physical conditions. In this paper, we study the overall influence of toluene as an exemplary aromatic tracer on engine performance by numerical modeling. The used model features a semi-detailed treatment of chemical reactions for both the fuel and the tracer, as well as their mutual chemical kinetics interactions. The dependence of engine performance parameters like auto-ignition timing and maximum pressures on these parameters is investigated by performing a large set of parametric simulations. To highlight the difference between physical and chemical influence of the tracer, we compare the case of engine operation with pure fuel/air mixture and with a tracer-fuel/air mixture under different aspects: First, a comparison is made based on equal physical conditions, namely equal temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio. In contrast, a second way of comparison is based on equal engine operation parameters. While the first highlights the kinetic aspect of the tracer-fuel interaction, the latter additionally includes the modification of the physical conditions of the mixture by addition of the tracer. The objective of the paper is the theoretical investigation of these aspects based on a widely evaluated chemical kinetic mechanism to improve the understanding and applicability of tracer-LIF diagnostics towards instationary reactive conditions like in compression induced auto-ignition in IC engines.
Schiessl, Robert A., Sommerer, Jörg
NASA's Robotic Sniffer Finds Space Station LeakTBMG-328369/1/2018
Stanford Research Systems Sunnyvale, CA
The Ultimate ‘Smell Test’: Device Sends Rotten Food Warning to SmartphonesTBMG-328709/1/2018
When it comes to the “smell test,” the nose isn't always the best judge of food quality. Now in a study appearing in ACS’ journal Nano Letters, scientists report that they have developed a wireless tagging device that can send signals to smartphones warning consumers and food distributors when meat and other perishables have spoiled. They say this new sensor could improve the detection of rotten food, so it can be tossed before consumers eat it.
Automotive Engineering: July 7, 201616AUTD077/7/2016
Technology report Quest for 'new-car smell' dictates interior-materials changes Doing it again-this time with 10 After a successful decade-long collaboration on 6-speed transaxles, Ford and GM partner again on an all-new 10-speed automatic. Here's a look inside the gearbox and the project. Large-scale additive manufacturing for rapid vehicle prototyping A case study from Oak Ridge National Laboratory bridges the 'powertrain-in-the-loop' development process with vehicle systems implementation using big area additive manufacturing (BAAM). Global Vehicles Steel-intensive Mazda CX-9 sheds mass, debuts novel turbo setup
Colorimetric Indicator for Detection of AF-M315ETBMG-242504/1/2016
An easy and instant method of detection was needed for AF-M315E, a “green” propellant that produces very little vapor. This makes it hard to detect by smell or other active sensors.
Deodorant, Aircraft ToiletAMS1476C (Historical)1/12/2016
This specification covers a biodegradable deodorant in the form of a liquid concentrate, solid, or gel.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Analysis of Microorganism Causing Odor in an Air-Conditioning System2015-01-03544/14/2015
This study has been conducted to analyze microbial diversity and its community by using a method of NGS(Next generation sequencing) technique that is not rely on cultivation for microbial community in an core evaporator causing odor of car air conditioner. The NGS without any cultivation method of cultivation, has been developed recently and widely. This method is able to research a microorganism that has not been cultivated. Differently with others, it can get a result that is closer to fact, also can acquire more base sequence with larger volume in relatively shorter time. According to bacteria population analysis of 23 samples, It can be known limited number of bacteria can inhabit in Evaporator core, due to small exposure between bacteria and evaporate, as well as its environmental characteristics. With the population analysis, only certain group of it is forming biofilm in proportion.
Kim, Ji Wan, Lee, Tae Hee
Experimental Investigation of Factors Affecting Odors Generating from Mobile AC Systems Equipped with Idling-Time Reduction Systems2015-01-03594/14/2015
In last 10 years or so, a number of OEMs are designing vehicles with start-stop function to save energy and to reduce pollution. For these systems, the situations in which air-conditioning systems are used have been changing with a significant increase in adoption of idle-time reduction systems (no idling-system). Blower fan remains operating at idle condition while compressor stops in most cases for these systems. In this case, the air temperature at the vent outlets increases. The increase in the air temperature under range of thermal boundary conditions around the evaporator causes a concern of odor to occur. This paper describes and explains experimental studies on changes in heat and humidity at the air outlets according to the switching operation of compressor and root cause analyses of odor coming from air-conditioning system for vehicles with start-stop function.
Uematsu, Satoki, Uehara, Toshiyuki, Uchida, Toshiya, Mathur, Gursaran D.
Advanced Rolling Mechanics Analysis (AROMA) 1.0TBMG-218654/1/2015
AROMA uses a boundary-element formulation to calculate normal and shear pressure distributions and sub-surface stresses for elastic bodies in contact. In addition to handling static normal and sheer loading, it also solves the contact problem for rolling elements such as bearings, traction drives, and wheel-to-rail interfaces. AROMA is a powerful and flexible tool for studying the tractive forces that arise during rolling in combination with kinematic effects, such as creepage and spin that are related to rolling element alignment. This GUI-based tool was developed in MATLAB, and can run within the MATLAB environment or as a standalone application.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane for Healthcare ApplicationsTBMG-165376/1/2013
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is well known and specified in the medical industry for advanced medical and healthcare products, due to its high performance characteristics. Because of its excellent mechanical properties, durability, and resistance against oils and chemicals, TPU is very desirable for medical applications. Since TPU does not contain plasticizers, it also offers the medical industry an environmentally friendly replacement to PVC without sacrificing flexibility. Ether TPU types also meet the requirements of National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 61, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 21 CFR for certain food contact applications, and USP Class VI classification.
Nano-Ceramic Coated PlasticsTBMG-165936/1/2013
Plastic products, due to their durability, safety, and low manufacturing cost, are now rapidly replacing cookware items traditionally made of glass and ceramics. Despite this trend, some still prefer relatively expensive and more fragile ceramic/glassware because plastics can deteriorate over time after exposure to foods, which can generate odors, bad appearance, and/or color change. Nano-ceramic coatings can eliminate these drawbacks while still retaining the advantages of the plastic, since the coating only alters the surface of the plastic. The surface coating adds functionality to the plastics such as self-cleaning and disinfectant capabilities that result from a photocatalytic effect of certain ceramic systems. These ceramic coatings can also provide non-stick surfaces and higher temperature capabilities for the base plastics without resorting to ceramic or glass materials.
Primer, Anodic Electrodeposition for Aircraft ApplicationsAMS3144 (Historical)11/27/2012
This specification establishes the requirements for a waterborne, corrosion inhibiting, chemical and solvent resistant, anodic electrodeposition epoxy primer capable of curing at 200 to 210 °F (93 to 99 °C).
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Deodorizer, Aircraft, Deactant-Type Aerosol PackagedAMS1478B (Current)10/11/2012
This specification covers one type of a biodegradable, deactant-type deodorizer in the form of an aerosol-packaged liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, SHRINKABLE WITHOUT HEAT, CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE FLEXIBLEAS85080/4A (Current)3/7/2012
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, SHRINKABLE WITHOUT HEAT, POLYCHLOROPRENEAS85080/5A (Current)3/7/2012
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, SHRINKABLE WITHOUT HEAT, POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, FLEXIBLE NON-CROSSLINKEDAS85080/1A (Current)3/7/2012
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, SHRINKABLE WITHOUT HEAT, POLYURETHANE FLEXIBLEAS85080/3A (Current)3/7/2012
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
SKIN PROTECTIVE COMPOUND Chemical BarrierAMS1725A (Current)8/10/2011
This specification covers three types of semi-solid skin protective compounds in the form of barrier creams.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
VOC-Free, Cross-Linkable Acrylic Copolymers for Eco-Friendly Automotive Composites2011-01-02204/12/2011
A family of cross-linkable acrylic copolymer resins - which uniquely have a thermoplastic “B-stage” that enables thermoplastic prepregs and semi-finished goods to be produced - is providing the opportunity to manufacture durable automotive interior trim-panel substrates with comparable or higher performance at lower weight and fewer processing steps than common thermoplastic and thermoset composites long used in such applications. Owing to their special chemistry and very-low initial viscosity, the acrylic copolymers provide excellent wetout / impregnation of fibrous or particulate reinforcements, facilitating the production of composite parts with very-high fiber volume fractions (FVFs). Loading levels as high as 70-90% have already been achieved with natural fibers. In the presence of heat and pressure, the material cross-links to form durable copolymers with excellent thermo-mechanical properties. A range of stiffness and ductility are possible based on grade selection within the product family. Unlike most thermosets, these new polymers neither contain hydrocarbon solvents nor other volatile-organic compounds (VOCs), nor produce toxic emissions during cross-linking. In fact, the only reaction by-product is water, so no special air-handling equipment is required during processing to protect workers, and the pre-cured polymer can be cleaned up using water alone, lowering the environmental impact of part production considerably. Further, since these polymers do not contain VOCs, emissions from cured parts are greatly reduced, protecting air and water quality throughout the life of the product and positioning OEMs to better meet tougher interior air quality requirements already in force in Europe and anticipated in the near future from the State of California. Used previously in Europe as binder resins for nonwoven fabrics and more recently as a matrix for cork flooring, these materials are starting to expand their use into automotive interior components, particularly for parts reinforced with natural fibers. This paper provides an overview of this new green-composites technology, describes how it is typically used, and cites examples of emerging and commercial applications in the automotive industry.
Bendo, Andre, Nordmann PhD, Gero, Norton, John, Funk, Jeremy, Kalbe, Michael, Reck, Bernd, Gerst, Matthias
VOCs evaporation rate from a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix and its impact over interior's atmospheric composition2010-36-023010/6/2010
With the increase in the market's requirement level and the incited dispute for the consumers, the automotive industry has given special attention to the customer's perceived quality. One of the aspects related to the quality perception is the "new car's smell." The trend, shown by the market, is to control this characteristic in a subjective way, by means of especially trained panel. This paper aims at analyzing this question by another point of view, leaving the subjectivity and searching to characterize the new car's smell in an analytical and concrete way. It was shown that the main VOCs contained in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix are 2-butanone, acetic acid ethyl ester, toluene, acetic acid butyl ester, cyclohexanone and 1-hydroxycumene. The evaporation rate of the VOCs was studied and its impact in atmospheric global composition evaluated.
de Souza, Julio Cesar, do Nascimento, Sara Araujo
Environmentally-friendly Plastics for Automotive Industry2008-21-002710/20/2008
There is a recognized increasing global need for plastics that are either biodegradable or have components derived from environmentally renewable resources. In response to this challenge, YTC America Inc., a Yazaki group company, has initiated research into developing new environmentally-friendly plastics for applications in automotive components and consumer products. Two main approaches were used to reduce the consumption of petroleum-based plastics. The first approach attempts to develop composites based on bio-fibers and petroleum polymers. The second approach attempts to develop biopolymer based plastics in order to impart them with desirable properties competitive with the petroleum polymers. Results of these research activities will be reviewed.
Robinson, Troy, Zhang, Jian-Feng, Zhu, Jin, Grigorian, Leonid
Development of Surface Coating for Evaporators2004-01-02153/8/2004
The purpose of this document is to present the study devoted to odor level decrease in the frame of the development of coating for evaporators. Odor evaluation of evaporators at the different stages of climatisation running shows higher level at the AC OFF stage, which potential cause is localized on the surface coating of the evaporator. Moreover, regulation restricts strongly hexavalent chromium use that enters in composition of chromate/phosphate chromate conversion chemicals. For these reasons, a development of surface coating for evaporator has been undertaken to reduce the mentioned odor problem and to meet the environment rules dealing with hexavalent chromium removal. A relation is observed between AC OFF stage odor evaluations made on air conditioning system equipped with evaporators treated with current hydrophilic coatings, new developed hydrophilic coating and hydrophobic polyurethane varnish and SEM analysis results obtained on the same surface coatings before and after ageing.
Casenave, Christian, de Pelsemaeker, Georges
Deodorant, Aircraft ToiletAMS1476B (Historical)2/25/2004
This specification covers a biodegradable deodorant in the form of a liquid concentrate, solid, or gel.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Hot Plate Method for Evaluating Heat Resistance and Thermal Insulation Properties of MaterialsJ1361_200110 (Historical)10/8/2001
This test method is applicable for rating various materials, such as automotive trim materials and insulation composites, for their ability to resist heat transfer, heat degradation, odor, smoking, and exothermic reaction. The purpose of this testing method is to obtain comparative data which can be used to evaluate heat resistance and thermal insulation properties of various materials or composites when subjected to time and temperature conditions which reflect "in-car" situations.
Acoustical Materials Committee
Odor Characterization of Automotive Cabins Using an Electronic Nose2001-01-327610/1/2001
The customer increased sensitivity to air quality problem and the natural influence of smell on human behavior affect the purchasing decision as the opinion on the vehicle quality during its life. So the olfactory quality is an even more important issue. Since the early 80's the car manufacturers have been working on the olfactory quality assessment using panel tests with trained or untrained sniffers. The subjective tests are expensive and require a not negligible time to be organized. The Centro Ricerche FIAT evaluated the applicability of an electronic nose to assess the odor quality and compared the obtained results with the votes of a jury.
D'Amico, A., Di Natale, C., Malvicino, C., Marzorati, D., Mola, S., Bonino, F., Seccardini, R.
Deodorant, Aircraft Toilet, Formaldehyde BaseAMS1475C (Current)8/1/2001
This specification covers a biodegradable, formaldehyde-base material, containing additives, in the form of a concentrated liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Ion-Mobility Spectrometric Determination of HydrazinesTBMG-3000511/1/1999
Hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine can be detected and measured at concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion in the presence of ammonia at concentrations as high as 10 parts per million (greater than the odor threshold concentration of ammonia, approximately 5 ppm) by modified use of a portable, commercially available ion-mobility spectrometer. The modification consists in the substitution of 5-nonanone for acetone as the ion-forming compound in the drift or source region of the ion-mobility spectrometer. Previously, when acetone was used and ammonia was present in the sampled atmosphere even at ppm levels, chemical reactions between the ammonia and the acetone formed ion adducts that had mobilities comparable to those of monomethylhydrazine and that, consequently, interfered with the detection of hydrazines.
Deodorizer, Aircraft, Deactant-Type Aerosol PackagedAMS1478A (Historical)8/1/1998
This specification covers one type of a biodegradable, deactant-type deodorizer in the form of an aerosol-packaged liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Primer Coating; Epoxy, Chemical and Solvent Resistant Non-Chromated, Corrosion PreventiveAMS3116 (Historical)7/1/1998
This specification covers two types of two-component, epoxy, chemical and solvent resistant primer coatings formulated primarily for spray application. Coatings shall be compatible with epoxy and polyurethane topcoats.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
New Low-Odor Phenolic-Resin Molded Insulators: Product and Process Technology9718825/20/1997
Fiber-bonded insulators are reclaimed textile fibers bonded with phenolic resins. These have been used in automobile interiors and under-hood applications for a considerable time. Odor issues can result with the conventional phenolic-resin bonded molded insulators under improper process conditions. Under improper process conditions conventional phenolic resins can result in the formation of trimethylamine and other amines, which can form objectionable odor in the automobile interior. This paper highlights the process and product development for new low-odor phenolic-resin molded insulator. The materials are characterized by odor performance, mechanical properties and acoustical behavior. The odor issues associated with the phenolic-resin molded insulators have been shown to be eliminated.
Aggarwal, A., Khan, H., Tessendorf, S., Lamb, T.
Alternate Binders for Molded Acoustical Insulators9718835/20/1997
The development of binder systems for automotive sound insulators as an alternative to phenolic resin is presented. Various thermoplastic binder systems were evaluated. The non-woven airlay process technology was used in manufacturing the padding. Subsequent cold thermoforming techniques were employed to produce molded sound insulators. Material characterization and part performance evaluation of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and acoustical performance were determined. Manufacturing process for the molded sound insulator was also demonstrated. The study concluded that a thermoplastic binder system, as an alternate to phenolic binder resin, can be used to produce functional molded fiber floor insulators.
VanBemmel, William, Khan, Hameed
Study of the Relationship Between the Surface Treatment and the Odors from Automobile Air-Conditioning Cores9717715/19/1997
Nuisance odors from the climatic system of passenger cars, have put in alert the evaporator manufacturers to implement solutions in order to eliminate or reduce the intensity of those odors. There is not much information available in the literature concerning the odors in the climatic system, however, it is recognized that the most important factors contributing to the nuisance odors development in the air conditioning system are: the architecture of the air conditioning system, and the surface treatment of the evaporator. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance, corrosion resistance, and nuisance odors among different surface treatments available in the industrial market and propose solutions to reduce their intensity.
Garcia, Jose J., Godefroy, Alain
SKIN PROTECTIVE COMPOUND Chemical BarrierAMS1725B (Historical)1/1/1995
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Hot Plate Method for Evaluating Heat Resistance and Thermal Insulation Properties of MaterialsJ1361_199408 (Historical)8/1/1994
This test method is applicable for rating various materials, such as automotive trim materials and insulation composites, for their ability to resist heat transfer, heat degradation, odor, smoking, and exothermic reaction. The purpose of this testing method is to obtain comparative data which can be used to evaluate heat resistance and thermal insulation properties of various materials or composites when subjected to time and temperature conditions which reflect "in-car" situations.
Acoustical Materials Committee
DEODERANT, AIRCRAFT TOILET Formaldehyde BaseAMS1475B (Historical)3/1/1994
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Hot Odor Test for Insulation MaterialsJ1351_199306 (Historical)6/16/1993
This test applies to various materials used for insulation and other applications. The purpose of this test is to evaluate and compare the odor characteristics of various trim and insulation materials and composites. Odor is a difficult property to quantify. Therefore, the data from this test are probably most useful when compared to data obtained from samples with known odor characteristics.
Acoustical Materials Committee
DEODORANT, AIRCRAFT TOILET Formaldehyde BaseAMS1475A (Historical)4/1/1992
This specification covers a biodegradable, formaldehyde-base material, containing additives, in the form of a concentrated liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Paper Reinforced Plastics for Automotive Application9103622/1/1991
Recently, it has become very popular to use reinforced polyolefines with Talc, Calcium Carbonate, Mica, Glass Fiber, etc. for industrial application. We have paid particular attention to recycled newspapers as one filler for polyolefine reinforcement based on technical interest in cellulose fiber properties of paper and conservation of paper resources. The compounding process, physical properties and injection moldability of paper reinforced polypropylene have been investigated. We have succeeded in developing a compounding process for newspaper and polypropylene with two high-speed mixers. Thus, the paper reinforced polypropylene has good physical properties, easy mold processability and light weight for industrial applications.
Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki, Kato, Fumio, Yamamoto, Noboru
DEODORANT, AIRCRAFT TOILETAMS1476A (Historical)4/1/1988
This specification covers a biodegradable deodorant in the form of a liquid concentrate, solid, or gel.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Overview of Plastics Applications in Japanese Auto Interiors8803352/1/1988
Japanese car manufacturers continue their efforts to improve productivity and reduce cost so that they can survive in this highly competitive trade. They are adopting new materials and fabrication technology, which is bringing about a tremendous change in plastics used for automotive interiors. The driving force is provided by the development of polymer modification technology and compounding technology by polymer suppliers, the development of improved technology by machinery manufacturers and the cooperation of interior component fabricators. Much credit is due to the formation of a cooperative team between resin companies, equipment suppliers and fabricators. After studying the progress of the change with our attention focused on polymer modification and compounding, we have made a forecast of the future directions of plastics usage in auto interiors. Our study suggests that polyolefin will be the dominant material for automotive interiors.
Saito, Yoshinori
DEODORIZER, AIRCRAFT, DEACTANT-TYPE Aerosol PackagedAMS1478 (Historical)7/1/1983
This specification covers one type of a biodegradable, deactant-type deodorizer in the form of an aerosol-packaged liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Hot Plate Method for Evaluating Heat Resistance and Thermal Insulation Properties of MaterialsJ1361_198104 (Historical)4/1/1981
This test method is applicable for rating various materials, such as automotive trim materials and insulation composites, for their ability to resist heat transfer, heat degradation, odor, smoking, and exothermic reaction. The purpose of this testing method is to obtain comparative data which can be used to evaluate heat resistance and thermal insulation properties of various materials or composites when subjected to time and temperature conditions which reflect "in-car" situations.
Acoustical Materials Committee
Fuel Effects on Diesel Odor in a Spray Burner8004252/1/1980
A laboratory burner has been operated with paraffinic mixtures, aromatic mixtures, n-paraffins, cetane standard fuel mixtures, and diesel No. 2 to measure fuel effects upon the production of diesel odor. Of the variables studied which included aromatic content, volatility, cetane number and specific gravity, only aromatic content was found to have a significant effect upon measured odor intensity. Normal paraffinic fuels were found to produce comparable exhaust odor intensities as a function of stoichiometry, irrespective of wide variations in their properties. At lean stoichiometries, branched paraffinic mixtures were found to produce low LCO and high LCA concentrations compared to n-paraffins.
Hsieh, F. T., Cernansky, N. P., Savery, C. W.
Diesel Odor Sampling and Analysis Using the Diesel Odor Analysis System (DOAS)7802232/1/1978
Diesel Odor sampling and analysis techniques and procedures using the Arthur D. Little, Inc. Diesel Odor Analysis System (DOAS) have been evaluated. Reproducibility of ± 0.1 TIA unit at the 2.0 TIA level and ± 0.2 TIA unit at the 1.5 TIA level are achievable if a consistent, well defined sampling procedure is used. Significant odor sample trap breakthrough and sample volume effects have been isolated. This study indicates that care must be given to defining a standard odor sampling configuration and procedure.
Cernansky, N. P., Savery, C. W., Suffet, I. H., Cohen, R. S.
Deodorant, Aircraft Toilet, Formaldehyde BaseAMS1475 (Historical)7/15/1977
This specification covers a biodegradable, formaldehyde-base material, containing additives, in the form of a concentrated liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Deodorant, Aircraft ToiletAMS1476 (Historical)7/1/1977
This specification covers a biodegradable deodorant in the form of a liquid concentrate, solid, or gel. This deodorant has been used typically as an additive in aircraft toilet systems to control odor, color, and corrosion.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
Reducing Hydrocarbons and Odor in Diesel Exhaust by Fuel Injector Design7007342/1/1970
Exhaust hydrocarbons and odor were reduced in Detroit Diesel Series “71” engines by revising the fuel injector tip design. Five injector tips were investigated which had different volumes of uncontrolled fuel below the injector valve. Results are presented to show that exhaust hydrocarbons and odor can be substantially reduced by minimizing the uncontrolled volume of fuel in the injector tip. The hydrocarbon emissions are attributed to uncontrolled fuel being pushed from the tip by expansion of the fuel at elevated temperatures. This conclusion is supported by test results with fuels having different 10% distillation temperatures.
Ford, H. S., Merrion, D. F., Hames, R. J.
Ethylene - Propylene Rubber Meets the Automotive Challenge6300201/1/1963
Ethylene-propylene rubber has outstanding ability to withstand ozone, weather, heat, chemicals, low temperatures, flexing, and abrasion. This should assure that it will meet the automotive challenge for new materials to improve automotive performance, durability, appearance, and economy. Part of the desirable properties, as well as some of the difficulty in establishing this new elastomer, have been due to the peroxide vulcanization required. Recent compounding advances have improved curing conditions, reduced or eliminated residual odor, and imparted flame and oil resistance. Improved light colored stocks have also been developed.
Waddell, H. H.
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