Browse Topic: Nanotechnology

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Influences of Lubricant Viscosity and Metallic Content on Diesel Soot Oxidation Reactivity2024-01-508408/23/2024
This study examined the effects of lubricant viscosity and metallic content on the oxidation reactivity of diesel particles. In the first part, the factors affecting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments was discussed and confirmed. The influences of initial soot mass, heating rate, and airflow rate on soot oxidation rate and experimental reproducibility were investigated to develop an optimized TGA method. On the basis of these experiments, an initial soot mass of 2.0 mg, airflow rate of 4.8 L/h, and heating rate of 2.5°C/h were used for all subsequent TGA tests. It could be found that the TGA experiments had high repeatability, and the differences were less than 0.1%. In the second part, a four-cylinder diesel engine was lubricated with seven kinds of lubricant with different viscosity and metallic content by the use of viscosity index improver (VII), antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor (ACI), and ashless dispersant (AD). Particle samples were subjected to TGA to test their
Meng, Hao, Yang, He, Zhang, Weili, Xing, Jianqiang, Xu, Yan, Wang, Yajun
Free Vibration Analysis of TiO2 on Carbon/Epoxy Composite Tubes2022-01-507810/14/2022
This research paper determines the vibrational response of different weight percentages of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on carbon/epoxy composite tubes. The modal analysis was performed using Ansys Composite PrepPost (ACP) with fixed-fixed and cantilever boundary conditions. The models were analyzed with a winding angle of ±55° and compared with winding angles ±65° and ±75°. Modal analysis was also performed by embracing flax fibers on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) nanocomposite tubes with different layering sequences such as Carbon/Carbon/Carbon/Flax (C/C/C/F), Carbon/Flax/Carbon/Flax (C/F/C/F), and Carbon/Flax/Flax/Flax (C/F/F/F). The results indicated that, by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, the natural frequency of CFRP nanocomposite tubes gets increased. The natural frequencies were found to be higher in the fixed-fixed case than in cantilever conditions. The natural frequency of nanocomposite tubes with a winding angle of ±55° had shown approximately 4% and
Praveenbabu, A.R., Naveen, Jesuarockiam
Smart Molecules Act as Computer TransistorsTBMG-4597706/01/2022
Researchers have discovered a single-molecule switch that can act like a transistor and store binary information such as the 1s and 0s used in classical computing. The molecule is around five square nanometers in size — more than one billion of them would fit onto the cross-section of a human hair. The researchers believe that molecules like the ones they have discovered could offer information density of around 250 terabits per square inch, which is around 100 times the storage density of current hard drives.
Nanomaterial Improves Insulin’s EffectsTBMG-4594106/01/2022
Researchers have developed a compound consisting of insulin bound to a string of amino acids that includes an antioxidant group. An earlier study in mice suggested this nanomaterial’s anti-diabetes properties included improving glucose consumption and availability as fuel for the brain.
Optical Black Coatings On Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Sandwich Structure With Aluminum Honeycomb Core For Satellites Applications.2022-26-114105/26/2022
The composite sandwich structure has been in use in space applications as a result of its high strength to weight ratio coupled with excellent compressibility strength. In particular, there has been tremendous demand for honeycomb sandwich structures for satellite application in recent years. Currently, a major problem needs to be addressed concerning reflections from satellite structures which leads to capturing in-accurate data of celestial bodies by ground-based astronomy. In the light of the above, this paper focuses on the development of novel optical black coatings on Carbon fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures with aluminum honeycomb core. A thin layer of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes black coatings was developed on the surfaces of Carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate of the sandwich structure using Chemical Vapour Deposition technique, to provide low scattering and low reflective surface. Three-point bending test are performed for evaluating the Youngs modulus
CS PhD, Ramesh, J, Sudharshan, Chaurasia, P Harsh
Research on the Performance of Composite Cantilever Beam Under Special Environmental Condition2022-26-114305/26/2022
Abstract: Regarding the aircraft takeoff and landing from high altitude at the constant and low-temperature, this paper will focus on the root facture problem of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) material of aircraft winglet through ABAQUS simulation analysis, experimental analysis, and topography analysis. The innovative purpose of this paper is to identify the critical failure stress of the cantilever bending of unidirectional and orthogonal, embedding carbon nanotube reinforcement, and exploring the embedded carbon nanotube regarding the enhancement effect of CFRP aircraft winglet. First of all, the analysis of the force state of the aircraft winglet, the unidirectional and orthogonal CFRP aircraft winglet at normal temperature, and low-temperature cycling are established based on the principle of classic laminates and statics. The wing cantilever bending critical failure stress mechanics model provides a theoretical basis for the influence of low-temperature cycles on
Miah, Md Helal
Bird strike analysis on nanocomposite materials for aerospace applications2022-26-114505/26/2022
Over the years, bird strike has become a serious threat as it is inevitable and can be catastrophic. Several accidents occur due to the bird collision with wing leading edges, causing serious structural damage that may be permanent. Therefore, the failure induced by birds on the leading edge has persuaded much research interest. To heighten the impact resistance during bird strike with the leading edge of the wing, nanocomposite materials are proposed as it has improved characteristics like high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced mechanical properties like high ductility, fracture toughness with no decrease of strength in structure. In order to achieve material constants of the nanocomposites, the finite-element method (FEM) and representative volume element (RVE) which is a micromechanical analysis approach will be considered. A comparative study will be done on different volume fractions of nanofillers impregnated with the composite material to find the optimum material properties
Neigapula, Keerthana, Anand, Sumit, Devi, Monisha, Tiwari, Anawil, Kumar, Siddharth
Computation integration2022-01-094703/29/2022
This invention combines optical technology of nanotechnology to produce accessible and reliable data processing. The invention increase security by demanding three key chips to access it. The key chips are the central controls and powersouce of the invention. The invention will revolutionize the way computers are used. The technology suggests advancement of previous computer technology to simplicity. It uses wireless technology to provide greater accessibility. The main claim of this invention is to provide simple data processing. Images (2)
Primous, Matthew
Numerical analysis of flame temperature and Intermediate Product Concentration in micro-scale coaxial diffusion combustion of methanol2022-01-085403/29/2022
As an excellent nanoscale material, carbon nanotubes play a very important role in improving the batteries of new energy vehicles. The micro-scale combustion flame synthesis method is a promising method for preparing carbon nanotubes. In order to explore the optimal growth condition of carbon nanotubes under micro-scale combustion, the detailed mechanism of methanol C3 (114 species, 1999 reactions) was reduced based on whole-species sensitivity analysis, then a suitable model of methanol combustion was established by using Fluent software coupling with simplified mechanism (16 species, 65 reactions) of methanol. The model was used for the numerical simulation of micro-scale coaxial diffusion combustion of methanol, and then it was verified by the experimental results of micro-scale combustion of methanol. They were analyzed that the flame temperature field and important intermediate product concentration (CO, OH and HCO) under different methanol flow and air flow. The results show that
zhang, peng, Ni, Jimin, Shi, Xiuyong
Influences of Martensite Morphology and Precipitation on Bendability in Press-Hardened Steels2022-01-027203/29/2022
Performance evaluation of martensitic press-hardened steels by VDA 238-100 three-point bend testing has become commonplace. Significant influences on bending performance exist from both surface considerations related to both decarburization and substrate-coating interaction and base martensitic steel considerations such as structural heterogeneity, i.e., banding, prior austenite grain size, titanium nitride (TiN) dispersion, mobile hydrogen, and the extent of martensite tempering as result auto-tempering upon quenching or paint baking during vehicle manufacturing. Deconvolution of such effects is challenging in practice, but it is increasingly accepted that surface considerations play an outsized role in bending performance. For specified surface conditions, however, the base steel microstructure can greatly influence bending performance and associated crash ductility to meet safety and mass-efficiency targets. This study reports and elucidates the positive effect of prior austenite
Enloe, Charles M., Mohrbacher, Hardy
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Tribological Properties of Silicon Carbide as a Metal-Free Friction Material2021-01-128410/11/2021
Friction materials containing metal ingredients used in the automotive industry can cause unfavorable environmental impacts. Existing laws and regulations require heavy metals in brake pads to be phased out of production. Substitutions for metals in friction materials, however, may introduce operational safety issue and other unforeseen problems. In the current study, a molecular dynamics model based on LAMMPS has been developed to study the effect of material composition, density, and geometric configurations on the tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties of silicon carbide under various contact conditions at the atomic level. Simulations which incorporate interfacial contact between surface asperities were performed to predict the elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, wear rate, and coefficient of friction. The resulting predicted properties may help enhance the performance of engineered metal-free friction materials against thermal-mechanical failures. The following
Zhang, Yizhan, LeNeave, Cortney, Yi, Yun-Bo
Effect of Material Anisotropy on Thermal-Mechanical Instabilities in Metal-Free Friction Materials2021-01-128910/11/2021
An anisotropic ceramic matrix composite (CMC), which consists of a silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon (C) fibers, is considered as a metal-free friction material replacement in brake and clutch applications. The fibers are assumed to have a circular cross-section, arranged unidirectionally and packed in a rectangular array without the presence of voids. The rule of mixture showed the C-SiC composite to be transversely isotropic with the circumferential plane as the plane of isotropy. A set of parametric studies have been performed to computationally investigate the dominant parameters that affect thermal-mechanical instabilities. It is found that the chance of thermal buckling in the friction disc can be minimized by reducing the elastic moduli in the radial and circumferential directions, or by reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion in the same directions. Meanwhile, the material properties in the axial direction do not have a significant effect
Shaahu, Joseph-shaahu, Koranteng, Kingsford, Yi, Yun-Bo
Decoding Genuine Ceramic Pad Formulations- Materials and Processing2021-01-127710/11/2021
The need to develop genuine ceramic composites for PV applications arose to overcome the challenges associated with traditional semi-metallic pads. The main focus is to achieve better performance, low noise, better pad and rotor wear, and low dust compared to semi- metallic pads. In general, brake pads convert kinetic energy to thermal energy through friction, and operating temperature in semi-metallic brake pads is higher due to the presence of steel having high thermal conductivity. Over the last decade, the customer preference has moved over to ceramic pads due to light coloured pad surface, low rotor and pad wear and low dust compared to semi-metallic pads. The traditional steel has been replaced by Aramid, engineered ceramic fibre, potassium titanate (TISMO D), lapinus fibre (RB 250) to impart similar/better performance. The current work investigates the characterisation of genuine ceramic and semi-metallic composites. Three genuine ceramic and one semi-met composite have been
Tomar, Bharat, Ali, Sharafat, Ellis, Keith, Choudhary, Yogesh
An Investigation of Property Changes of Copper-Free Brake Pads During Wear Testing: Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Pad Modulus, and the Correlation Between Modulus and Friction Coefficient2021-01-127610/11/2021
Earlier publications have demonstrated that pad and disc properties change during storage and also during the SAE J2522 Brake Effectiveness Test Procedure. The current investigation was undertaken to find out how the properties change under milder braking conditions, using the SAE J2707 Wear Test Procedure. A copper-free formulation was selected for the investigation and tested on an inertia dynamometer using a front caliper designed for a passenger car. The pad dynamic modulus changed up or down throughout the test, depending on the test conditions. The pad dynamic modulus, the pad natural frequencies and the disc natural frequencies all decreased by the end of the test. Under high-speed, high-deceleration and high-temperature braking conditions, the pad surface region permanently expands, which results in reduced dynamic modulus and also leads to reduced pad thickness loss as compared with pad weight loss. A good correlation is established between the friction coefficient and the pad
Sriwiboon, Meechai, Koetniyom, Saiprasit, Rhee, Seong Kwan, Sukultanasorn, Jittrathep, Kaewlob, Kritsana
Experimental Modal Analysis Study on Graphene filled SBR2021-28-022510/01/2021
Rubbers are widely used in many engineering applications such as tubes, timing belt, tyre etc. Apart from its functional use, it can also be used as damping material in many applications in order to dampen the vibrations transmitted from one structure to other. The present research work focus on the development of CB filled SBR and Graphene filled SBR. Both rubber samples were investigated for its mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength. Experimental modal analysis was also done to examine the dynamic characteristics such as damping and natural frequency along with its mode shapes for the prepared samples and compared. It is observed from the results that the inclusion of graphene in SBR improved its vibration characteristics in addition to the improvement of mechanical properties.
Natarajan, Ravikumar, S, Rizwan Asif, C, Sivakumar, Manohar, D Murali
Microstructural changes and Mechanical properties upgrading over Friction Stir Processing strategies on A356 alloy with tungsten nano particle surface layer composites2021-28-026910/01/2021
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a typical process for refinement changes of microstructure, upgradation of material’s mechanical properties and fabricating of surface layer composites. The effect of cast A356 surface composites were fabricated through Friction Stir Processing (FSP) route to appraise the metallurgical and mechanical properties were considered in the present research study. The three combination of test samples of FSP’ed cast A356 alloy, FSP’ed cast A356 FSP with tungsten nano particle addition (5 and 10 vol%) were considered to fabrication under fixed parametric conditions like tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm, load acting 9 kN, tool travel speed of 20 mm min−1 through four number of tool travel passes respectively. Obtained FSP’ed samples were exposed to microstructural, tensile strength tests and fracture surface morphology analysis were carried out to record the responses. It was observed in stir zone microstructure that the FSP parameters have affected the
R, Soundararajan, Prince Edward, Jerald Immanuel, Venkitkumar, Nishanth, Aruchamy, Sathishkumar
Tribological evaluation of organic frictional composites filled with various nano- solid lubricants2021-28-025910/01/2021
Incorporation of organic fibers originate from plants in polymer composite is not new as they provide eco-friendly lighter composite and it have gained attention over a period of time because of the specific applications. The augmenting demanded by automotive sectors for wear and frictional areas where the conservation of energy is concerned is expected one with the addition of nano – solid lubricants. Our aim is to highlight the possibility of organic basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites along with three possible combination of nano – solid lubricants like graphite/graphene/ molybdenum disulfide was chosen and to fabricate tribo-materials through hot press technique. The outcome of the tribological tests (by varying load and sliding velocity) indicates that the responses of these three organic fiber based polymer composites have been effectively modified by nano-solid lubricants leading to significant enhancement as tribo materials is highlighted in higher level of load and
R, Soundararajan, Javid Firnas, Sait, Naveen raj, Nandakumar, pradeep s, sabapathy
Spectroscopy Using an Optical MicroscopeTBMG-3982309/01/2021
A hyphenated instrument is one that blends the capabilities of two different technologies to form a new analytical technique with novel abilities. The microscope spectrophotometer is one such hyphenated instrument; it is a hybrid that combines the magnifying power of an optical microscope with analytical proficiencies of a UV-visible-NIR range spectrophotometer. As such, microscope spectrophotometers can be used to measure the molecular spectra of microscopic sample areas from the deep ultraviolet to the near infrared region. They can be configured for many different types of spectroscopy and, as such, are used to measure absorbance, reflectance, and even emission spectra, such as fluorescence and photoluminescence, of micron-sized samples. With the addition of specialized algorithms, the microscope spectrophotometer can also be used to measure the thickness of thin films or act as a colorimeter for microscopic samples.
Achieving High Marks for Medical Device Makers: Ultrashort Pulse LasersTBMG-3976509/01/2021
Reliability is vital for medical device manufacturers. To accommodate such high levels of dependability, device makers use quality process control and before-market and after-market traceability to ensure the highest level of integrity and compliance for their devices and instruments. This article addresses the challenging medical device marking concerns for device makers and shows how ultrashort pulse laser marking systems can solve this critical issue.
Automotive Engineering: September 202121AUTP0909/01/2021
Weaving a new future for composites In a shift perhaps as prolific as steel to aluminum, woven plastics may finally bring the magic of composites to cost-effective mass-production. New composites target EV applications No longer a low-volume play, the latest composite materials offer EV developers new options for lightweighting, thermal management and structures. Acura TLX is Honda's new body-build benchmark All-new for 2021, Acura's midsize sport sedan gets an exclusive platform to go with its structural, materials and dynamic advancements. Body development leader Jeremy Lucas explains. Schaeffler builds an e-motor powerhouse Armed with state-of-the-art manufacturing and a history of innovation, Schaeffler Group is attacking the e-mobility space, says Daniel Sayre. Editorial EV bafflers, surprises and ironies Altair honors weight-saving innovations Finding failure inside lithium-metal batteries GM puts its new 2023 Corvette V8 on a different 'plane' SAE Standards News New ISO-SAE
Development Work for a New Damping Standard SAE J31302021-01-112208/31/2021
Standards organizations develop standards depending on the need in the market place. With the change in vehicle design, lightweighting structures, and body panels made out of aluminum and composites, SAE’s Acoustical Materials Committee is developing a new damping standard. This standard is also very suitable in determining the damping performance of materials used in the off-highway applications, where the thickness of the steel body panel is much greater than in the automotive application. The general methodology of this standard is based on the mechanical impedance measurement method and has been developed with the general consensus of automotive engineers, suppliers, and independent test laboratories. This method is essentially based on the fact that a bar is excited at the center by a shaker. The force exerted by the shaker and the corresponding vibration is measured at that point to determine the frequency response function of the mechanical impedance signal. This paper discusses
Saha, Pranab
Rolled 2D HeterostructuresTBMG-3961108/01/2021
The recent synthesis of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures — a type of heterostructure made by layering two-dimensional materials that are one atom thick — may lead to new, miniaturized electronics that are currently not possible.
Stretchable Thermoelectric GeneratorsTBMG-3959908/01/2021
A soft and stretchable organic thermoelectric module has been created that can harvest energy from body heat. The breakthrough was enabled by a new composite material that may have widespread use in smart clothing, wearable electronics, and electronic skin.
Graphene “Nano-Origami” Creates Tiny MicrochipsTBMG-3960408/01/2021
Tiny microchips can be made from graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials using a form of “nano-origami.” By creating kinks in the structure of graphene, researchers made the nanomaterial behave like a transistor and showed that when a strip of graphene is crinkled in this way, it can behave like a microchip that is around 100 times smaller than conventional microchips.
Aluminum Alloy Die Forgings 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-T73) Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4141H (Current)04/28/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings up to 6 inches in thickness and forging stock of any size ordered to inch/pound units (see 8.8).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Die Forgings 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-T73) Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4141H-TEST-REC (Historical)04/28/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings up to 6 inches in thickness and forging stock of any size ordered to inch/pound units (see 8.8).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Castings 5.0Si - 1.2Cu - 0.50Mg (355.0-T51) Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4210M (Current)04/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification forAS85049F (Current)04/14/2021
This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification forAS85049F-TEST-REC (Historical)04/14/2021
This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Development of High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage System for New FCV2021-01-074104/06/2021
This paper describes the high-pressure hydrogen storage system developed for new FCV. With the aim of further popularizing FCVs, this development succeeded in improving the performance of the system and reducing costs. This new storage system consists of multiple tanks of different sizes, which were optimized to store the necessary amount of hydrogen without sacrificing the interior space of the vehicle. The new tanks achieved one of the highest volume efficiencies in the world by adopting high-strength carbon fiber, developed in conjunction with the carbon fiber manufacturer, and by optimizing the layered construction design which allowed the amount of carbon fiber to be reduced. To increase the amount of available hydrogen, the longer high pressure tanks were mounted under the vehicle floor unlike the previous model. This was accomplished by the following two measures: First, individual design and manufacturing measures for the tanks were adopted. The liner shape was optimized to
Yahashi, Hiroki, Yamashita, Akira, Shigemitsu, Nozomu, Goto, Sogo, Kida, Koji, Inou, Takashi
Interlaminar Properties Improvement of Nanocomposites Using Coiled Nanomaterials2021-01-002703/02/2021
In this research helical Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with various weight percentages as an additional reinforcement were used. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of helical geometries of the CNTs to form interlocking mechanisms with the resin and the traditional microfiber reinforcements to improve the overall performance of the composite structures and assemblies. In this study, ASTM D2344/2344M-16 is used to study the short beam strength of the laminated nanocomposites and evaluate the benefit of the mechanically interlocked helical CNTs reinforcement. Overall, three sets of composite laminates (i.e., with neat epoxy, and with two different wt% of Helical CNTs reinforced epoxy) were fabricated per ASTM standard D2344/2344M-16. Adequate test specimens were prepared and then they were tested per ASTM standard. The test results were analyzed and evaluated to determine the effects of helical CNTs on short beam strength of the laminated nanocomposites.
Sritharan, Ramanan, Askari, Davood
Quantum-Limit-Approaching Chemical Sensing ChipTBMG-3863903/01/2021
University at Buffalo researchers are reporting an advancement of a chemical sensing chip that could lead to handheld devices that detect trace chemicals — everything from illicit drugs to pollution — as quickly as a breathalyzer identifies alcohol.
Wearable, Stretchable Gas SensorTBMG-3850702/01/2021
A team has developed and tested a stretchable, wearable gas sensor for environmental sensing. It combines a newly developed laser-induced graphene foam material with a unique form of molybdenum disulfide and reduced-graphene oxide nanocomposites. The researchers were interested in seeing how different morphologies, or shapes, of the gas-sensitive nanocomposites affect the sensitivity of the material to detecting nitrogen dioxide molecules at very low concentration. To change the morphology, they packed a container with very finely ground salt crystals.
Radiation Effects on Electronics in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Technology (RadCNT)21AERP02_0702/01/2021
Characterizing the fundamental mechanisms and charge transport phenomena governing the interactions between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with carbon-based (nanotube and graphene) field-effect transistors (FETs) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia The main objective of the RadCNT program was the characterization of fundamental mechanisms and charge transport phenomena governing the interactions between ionizing and nonionizing radiation with carbon-based (nanotube and graphene) field-effect transistors (FETs) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). This effort was supported through the fabrication of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) FETs at the University of Southern California's (USC) Nanotechnology Research Laboratory and through a collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratories (NRL) for radiation testing and expertise in radiation effects characterization. The RadCNT program concentrated on
Platform Monitors Gut MicrobiomeTBMG-3855302/01/2021
Scientists are developing a platform that can monitor and model the real-time processing of gut microbiome serotonin activity. Their goal is to one day package the platform into an ingestible capsule capable of detecting, treating, and monitoring GBA diseases. The platform provides access to the specific site of serotonin production, important because serotonin is secreted from the bottoms of cells. An innovative porous membrane with an integrated serotonin sensor on which a model of the gut lining can be grown allowed researchers to access both top and bottom sides of the cell culture.
Radiation Effects on Electronics in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Technology (RadCNT)TBMG-3853202/01/2021
The main objective of the RadCNT program was the characterization of fundamental mechanisms and charge transport phenomena governing the interactions between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with carbon-based (nanotube and graphene) field-effect transistors (FETs) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). This effort was supported through the fabrication of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) FETs at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Nanotechnology Research Laboratory and through a collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratories (NRL) for radiation testing and expertise in radiation effects characterization.
Reconfigurable Electronics Based on Multiferroics and NanomagnetismTBMG-3853902/01/2021
Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials with high exchange represent a missing “holy grail” of materials physics. To combine polarization and magnetization in the same solid is nothing short of actually controlling the fundamental nature of electromagnetism in matter. Although magneto-electricity (ME) is an intrinsic phenomenon in some natural materials at low temperature, such single-phase materials suffer from an extremely weak ME exchange.
Nanobiomaterial from Mites Shows PromiseTBMG-3855202/01/2021
A new nanomaterial from the silk produced by the Tetranychus lintearius mite has the ability to penetrate human cells without damaging them and, therefore, has promising biomedical properties.
Miniscule Robots of Metal and PlasticTBMG-3851502/01/2021
Researchers have been pursuing the development of robots so tiny that they can maneuver through blood vessels and deliver medications to certain points in the body. Now, scientists have succeeded in building such micromachines out of metal and plastic in which these two materials are interlocked as closely as links in a chain. This is possible thanks to a new manufacturing technique they have devised.
Nanothermometers Improve Temperature ImagingTBMG-3854502/01/2021
NIST researchers are in the early stages of a massive undertaking to design and build a fleet of tiny ultra-sensitive thermometers. If they succeed, their system will be the first to make real-time measurements of temperature on the microscopic scale in an opaque 3D volume — which could include medical implants. The project is called Thermal Magnetic Imaging and Control (Thermal MagIC), and the researchers say it could revolutionize temperature measurements in many fields, including biology and medicine. Thermal MagIC will work by using nanometer-sized objects whose magnetic signals change with temperature. The objects would be incorporated into the liquids or solids being studied — the melted plastic that might be used as part of an artificial joint replacement, for example. A remote sensing system would then pick up these magnetic signals, meaning the system being studied would be free from wires or other bulky external objects.
New Materials Boost Efficiency and Stability of Optical RectennasTBMG-3848602/01/2021
Rectennas convert electromagnetic fields at optical frequencies directly to electrical current. Optical rectennas operate by coupling light’s electromagnetic field to an antenna. The electromagnetic field creates an oscillation in the antenna, producing an alternating flow of electrons. When the electron flow reaches a peak at one end of the antenna, the diode closes, trapping the electrons, then re-opens to capture the next oscillation, creating a current flow. This switching must occur at terahertz frequencies to match the light. The junction between the antenna and diode must provide minimal resistance to electrons flowing through it while open, yet prevent leakage while closed.
Sensing Magnetic FieldsTBMG-3851102/01/2021
Innovators at NASA Armstrong developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the need to first measure strain.
A Near-Perfect Blackbody Calibration TargetTBMG-3849702/01/2021
Researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have developed a robust alternative to the blackbody targets typically used to calibrate optical/thermal imaging systems. Typically, blackbody targets are formed via additive processes (e.g., high-emissivity paint, carbon nano tubes). JPL’s innovation utilizes highly doped black silicon formed via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching at cryogenic temperatures (i.e., a subtractive process), providing an ultrahigh-emissivity surface.
Circuit Generates Clean, Limitless Power from GrapheneTBMG-3833001/01/2021
An energy-harvesting circuit based on graphene could be incorporated into a chip to provide clean, limitless, low-voltage power for small devices or sensors. The findings show that freestanding graphene — a single layer of carbon atoms — ripples and buckles in a way that holds promise for energy harvesting.
Energy-Harvesting Device Turns Wi-Fi Signals into Usable PowerTBMG-3833401/01/2021
Any device that sends out a Wi-Fi signal also emits terahertz waves — electromagnetic waves with a frequency somewhere between microwaves and infrared light. These high-frequency radiation waves, known as T-rays, are also produced by almost anything that registers a temperature including human bodies and inanimate objects. If harnessed, the concentrated power of terahertz waves could potentially serve as an alternate energy source; however, to date, terahertz waves are wasted energy, as there has been no practical way to capture and convert them into any usable form.
16-Atom Molecular MotorTBMG-3818612/01/2020
A molecular motor was developed that consists of only 16 atoms and rotates reliably in one direction. It could allow energy harvesting at the atomic level. The motor moves exactly at the boundary between classical motion and quantum tunneling. The motor measures less than one nanometer or around 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.
Bioenvironmental Engineering Guide for Composite MaterialsTBMG-3825012/01/2020
The use of composite materials is on the rise. Consequently, this guide was developed to provide base-level Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) personnel with a comprehensive baseline for identifying, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental hazards associated with composite fibers and materials.
Fast Reacting Nano-Composite Energetic Materials: Synthesis and Combustion Characterization20AERP12_1112/01/2020
The advent of nanoparticle fuels enables traditionally diffusive controlled reactions to transition towards kinetically dominant reactions, a transition that results in faster reacting formulations that show promise of harnessing the power equivalent to a monomolecular explosive, but packaged as discretely separate fuel and oxidizer composites. Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Energetic composites are mixtures of solid fuel and oxidizer particles that, when combined, offer higher calorific output than monomolecular explosives. The composites traditionally deliver energy as diffusion limited reactions and, thus, their power available from reaction is much smaller than any explosive. Technology, however, has advanced particle synthesis, and nanoparticles have become more readily available. The advent of nanoparticle fuels enables traditionally diffusive controlled reactions to transition towards kinetically dominant reactions. This transition results in
Fast Reacting Nano-Composite Energetic Materials: Synthesis and Combustion CharacterizationTBMG-3825112/01/2020
Energetic composites are mixtures of solid fuel and oxidizer particles that, when combined, offer higher calorific output than monomolecular explosives. The composites traditionally deliver energy as diffusion limited reactions and, thus, their power available from reaction is much smaller than any explosive.
Diamond-Studded Silk Wound Dressing Detects Infection and Improves HealingTBMG-3815912/01/2020
RMIT University Melbourne, Australia
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