Browse Topic: Nanotechnology

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RESEARCH OF THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION INTO ARMOR ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SPINTRONIC MICROWAVE DETECTORS2024-01-333411/15/2024
ABSTRACT The authors studied the effects of different types of armor on the performance of spin-torque microwave detectors (STMD). Working prototypes of novel nano-sized spintronic sensors of microwave radiation for battlefield anti-radar and wireless communications applications are being integrated into Sensor Enhanced Armor (SEA) and Multifunctional Armor (MFA) and tested in SEA-NDE Lab at TARDEC. The preliminary theoretical estimations have shown that STMD based on the spin-torque effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), when placed in the external electromagnetic field of a microwave frequency, can work as diode detectors with the maximum theoretical sensitivity of 1000 V/W. These STNO detectors could be scaled to sub-micron size, are frequency-selective and tunable, and are tolerant to ionizing radiation. We studied the performance of a STMD in two different dynamical regimes of detector operation: in well-known traditional in-plane regime of STMD operation and in recently discovered novel out-of-plane regime.
Bankowski, Elena, Meitzler, Thomas, Pesys, Tomas
Aluminum Alloy Die Forgings 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-T73) Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4141H (Current)4/28/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings up to 6 inches in thickness and forging stock of any size ordered to inch/pound units (see 8.8).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Castings 5.0Si - 1.2Cu - 0.50Mg (355.0-T51) Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4210M (Current)4/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Connector Accessories, Electrical General Specification forAS85049F (Current)4/14/2021
This specification covers connector accessories for use with electrical connectors; see 6.8.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Connectors, Fiber Optic, Advanced, Circular or Rectangular, Plug and Receptacle, Environment Resistant, Removable Termini/Contacts, General Specification ForAS5590B (Current)11/30/2020
This specification covers the performance requirements for a plug and receptacle. The connector inserts may contain multiple termini or multiple termini and electrical contacts. The connectors use removable termini, or removable termini and electrical contacts, and are capable of operating within a temperature range of −65 to +200 °C (see 1.2.1.1). These connectors are supplied under AS9100 reliability assurance program.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Fatigue Life Improvement in Hierarchically Organized Nanocomposites for Application to RotorcraftsF-0076-2020-1635510/5/2020
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) are extensively used as structural components in rotorcraft applications. Here, we report considerable improvement in the fatigue life of CFRP through the infiltration of nanoscale silica particles into the epoxy resin matrix (nanoCFRP). Fumed silica nanoparticles were initially added to the epoxy resin to prepare epoxy-silica nanocomposites, which were demonstrated to have superior fracture and fatigue properties. Fractographic analysis indicated presence of various key toughening mechanisms including crack deflection, plastic void growth as well as a hitherto unreported heterogeneity induced mesoscale toughening effect. The epoxy-silica nanocomposite resin was then used as the matrix material to fabricate nanoCFRP. Cyclic flexural bending tests indicate significant fatigue life enhancement for the nanoCFRP. The enhancement is especially pronounced in the high cycle fatigue regime. This enhancement in high cycle fatigue is indicative of transfer of small-scale toughening mechanisms from the silica-epoxy nanocomposite resin to the nanoCFRP system. Such nanoCFRP show promise to improve the fatigue life and reduce the operational/maintenance cost for next generation rotorcraft.
Kamble, Mithil, Koratkar, Nikhil, Lakhnot, Aniruddha, Picu, Catain
Aluminum Alloy, Hand Forgings 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-T7452) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4323D (Current)9/9/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of hand forgings up to 6 inches (152 mm) inclusive, in nominal as-forged thickness and having a cross-sectional area of not more than 156 square inches (1006 cm2) (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aftermarket Composite Wheels Made of Matrix Material and Fiber Reinforcement Intended for Normal Highway Use - Test Procedures and Performance RequirementsJ3204_202009 (Current)9/9/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice provides minimum performance requirements and uniform procedures for fatigue and impact testing, electrical resistance, and maximum operating temperature (MOT) of wheels intended for normal highway use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles.
Wheel Standards Committee
Wearable Patch May Provide New Treatment Option for Skin CancerTBMG-373538/1/2020
Conventional melanoma therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, suffer from the toxicity and side effects of repeated treatments due to the aggressive and recurrent nature of melanoma cells.
New Coating Process Lights Porous Electronics and SensorsTBMG-373648/1/2020
Researchers have shown how to coat glass and plastic with porous titanium dioxide. The fabrication process is straightforward, the materials are cheap, and the ceramic’s gas sensing performance is considerably improved compared with current devices.
Terminology for Titanium MicrostructuresAS1814F (Current)7/16/2020
This list of terms, with accompanying photomicrographs where appropriate, is intended as a guide for use in the preparation of material specifications.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Development of a New High Orientation Paint System to Achieve Outstanding Real Metallic Designs2020-01-08994/14/2020
Silver metallic colors with thin and smooth aluminum flake pigments have been introduced for luxury brand OEMs. Regarding the paint formulation for these types of colors, low non-volatile(NV) and high aluminum flake pigment contents are known as technology for high metallic appearance designs. However, there are two technical concerns. First is mottling which is caused by uneven distribution of the aluminum flake pigments in paint film and second is poor film property due to high aluminum pigment concentration in paint film. Therefore, current paint systems have limitation of paint design. As a countermeasure for those two concerns, we had investigated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) dispersion liquid as both the coating binder and rheology control agent in a new type of waterborne paint system. CNF is an effective rheology control agent because it has strong hydrogen bonds with other fiber surfaces in waterborne paint. The CNF shows similar viscosity result with conventional water borne paint though CNF contents is less than 1wt% and NV is less than 5wt%. Furthermore, CNF's surface bonds with isocyanate resin makes strong fiber-reinforced layer caused by penetration from the clearcoat layer. We made a prototype silver color with this new CNF low NV waterborne paint system with vapor deposition aluminum pigments. It can exceed our conventional silver color's Flip Flop (FF) with marketable quality.
Tsukimori, Takao
3-Dimensional Numerical Simulation on CuO Nanofluids as Heat Transfer Medium for Diesel Engine Cooling System2020-01-11094/14/2020
CuO-water nanofluids was utilized as heat transfer medium in the cooling system of the diesel engine. By using CFD-Fluent software, for 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5% mass concentration of nanofluids, 3-dimensional numerical simulation about flow and heat transfer process in the cooling system of engine was actualized. According to stochastic particle tracking in turbulent flow, for solid-liquid two phase flow discrete phase, the moving track of nanoparticles was traced. By this way, for CuO nanoparticles of different mass concentration nanofliuds in the cooling jacket of diesel engine, the results of the concentration distribution, velocity distribution, internal energy variation, resident time, total heat transfer and variation of total pressure reduction between inlet and outlet were ascertained. It is proved by simulation results that nanofluids as heat transfer medium can evidently enhance diesel engine heat transfer capability, when the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the enhancement of heat transfer capacity increases, power loss of water pump also increases in small scale, the relativity between the average resident time of CuO nanoparticles and CuO nanoparticles concentration is not clear in cooling jacket, the relativity between heat transfer efficiency of CuO nanoparticles and nanofliuds flow velocity is not clear.
Yang, Shuai, Yang, Xiaolin, Liu, Haifeng, Li, Xiuyuan
Bolts, Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloy UNS R30035, Tensile Strength 260 ksi, Procurement SpecificationAS7468C (Current)4/11/2020
This procurement specification covers bolts made from a corrosion resistant, work-strengthened, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS R30035.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Effects of Helical Carbon Nanotubes on Mechanical Performance of Laminated Composites and Bonded Joints2020-01-00293/10/2020
Most composite assemblies and structures generally fail due to weak interlaminar properties and poor performance of their bonded joints that are assembled together with an adhesive layer. Adhesive failure and cohesive failure are among the most commonly observed failure modes in composite bonded joint assemblies. These failure modes occur due to the lack of reinforcement within the adhesive layer in transverse direction. In addition, the laminated composites fail due to the same reason that is the lack of reinforcement through the thickness direction between the laminae. The overall performance of any composite structures and assemblies largely depends on the interlaminar properties and the performance of its bonded joints. Various techniques and processes were developed in recent years to improve mechanical performance of the composite structures and assemblies, one of which includes the use of nanoscale reinforcements in between the laminae and within the adhesive layer. However, most prior research has been focused on use of straight carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other nanomaterials in particle forms. The goal of this research was to improve the properties of the adhesive film and the interfacial bonding effectiveness between the laminae. Because CNTs are inert in nature, their interaction with the resin and adhesive polymer molecules is very weak. In this research we have used CNTs with various geometrical configuration (straight and helical geometries) and various weight percentages as additional reinforcements. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of helical geometries of the CNTs to form interlocking mechanisms with the resin and the traditional microfiber reinforcements to improve the overall performance of the composite structures and assemblies. Single lap joint test specimens and flexural test specimens were prepared based on the ASTM standard D5868-01 and ASTM standard D790 and then tested and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the samples with CNT reinforcements performed considerably better than neat epoxy samples. Among the two different CNT geometries, helical CNTs performed better than the straight CNTs.
Sritharan, Ramanan, Askari, Davood
Conductive Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Structural MaterialsTBMG-361723/1/2020
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show promise for multifunctional materials for a range of applications due to their outstanding combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. These promising mechanical properties, however, have not translated well to CNT nanocomposites fabricated by conventional methods due to the weak load transfer between tubes or tube bundles.
Slippery Surfaces Allow Sticky Pastes and Gels to SlideTBMG-361923/1/2020
Materials known as yield-stress fluids, including gels and pastes, can be found in consumer products such as food, condiments, and cosmetics, and in products in the energy and pharmaceuticals industries. Unlike other fluids such as water and oils, these materials will not start to flow on their own, even when their container is turned upside-down. Starting the flow requires an input of energy, such as squeezing the container.
Production Method for High-Performance PolymerTBMG-361973/1/2020
A method was developed to produce a polymer material called PBO — known commercially as Zylon — that’s used in bulletproof vests and other high-performance fabrics. The new approach could be useful in making PBO products that resist degradation — a problem that has plagued PBO-based materials in the past.
Hybrid Technique Aims to Produce Stronger, Corrosion-Resistant NickelTBMG-362773/1/2020
Nickel is a widely used metal in the manufacturing industry for both industrial and advanced material processes. Now, Purdue University innovators have created a hybrid technique to fabricate a new form of nickel that may help the future production of life-saving medical devices, as well as hightech devices and vehicles with strong corrosion-resistant protection.
Researchers Develop Ultra-Thin, Ultra-Flexible Electronic MaterialTBMG-362753/1/2020
Researchers have developed an ultra-thin, ultra-flexible electronic material that could be printed and rolled out like newspaper. The material could be used for the touch-screens of the future. The touch-responsive technology is 100 times thinner than existing touchscreen materials and so pliable it can be rolled up like a tube.
Iron Nanorobots Destroy Cancer CellsTBMG-362383/1/2020
Drug-coated iron nanowires that can be guided to the site of a tumor using an external magnetic field before activating a three-step cancer-killing mechanism could provide an effective option for cancer therapy.
Portable Device Helps Doctors Diagnose Sepsis FasterTBMG-362673/1/2020
EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Dr. Annette Teng, CEO; Lisa Wen, Process EngineerTBMG-362633/1/2020
Wearable Gas Sensor Enhances SensitivityTBMG-362443/1/2020
A highly sensitive wearable gas sensor for environmental and human health monitoring may soon become commercially available, according to researchers at Penn State and Northeastern University.
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Yolita Wildman Nugent, Director, Advanced Soft Systems Integration, FlexTBMG-362503/1/2020
Tiny Magnetics Show Promise for Medical ApplicationsTBMG-362463/1/2020
Small magnetic objects are showing promise in the biomedical field. Magnetic nanostructures have interesting properties that enhance novel applications in medical diagnosis and allow the exploration of new therapeutic techniques.
Intelligent MicrorobotsTBMG-360042/1/2020
Researchers have developed a microrobot that measures a few micrometers across and resembles a paper bird made with origami. But unlike a paper structure, the robot moves without a visible force. It flaps its wings or bends its neck and retracts its head via magnetism.
Bandage Material Helps Stop Bleeding Without Adhering to WoundTBMG-360202/1/2020
Researchers from ETH Zurich and the National University of Singapore have developed a new kind of bandage that helps blood to clot and doesn’t stick to the wound. This marks the first time that scientists have combined both properties in one material.1
Energy Harvesting for Soft-Matter Machines and Electronics20AERP02_122/1/2020
A new class of soft multifunctional materials could be used to convert mechanical deformation from vibrations and stretching into electrical energy. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Air Force (AF) materials capable of dramatic changes in shape and rigidity require soft-matter electronics that support functionality without interfering with the mechanics of the host structure. This program introduced a new class of soft, multifunctional materials that can be used to power these systems by converting elastic strain energy from large deformations into electricity. These materials are composed of soft elastomers embedded with a suspension of liquid metal (LM) droplets that control the electrical properties of the composite. Depending on their composition and microstructure, these LM-embedded elastomers (LMEEs) can be tailored to exhibit exceptionally high electric conductivity, electric permittivity, and/or thermal conductivity. LMEEs with high permittivity can function as high-k dielectrics for storing and harvesting electrostatic energy. When integrated with an elastically deformable AF structure, they have the potential to generate electricity as the host structure stretches, twists, or bends under external loading. This external loading may arise from air drag, wind, ambient vibrations, collisions, etc. and represents mechanical work that would be otherwise dissipated through damping.
Threads Detect Gases When Woven into ClothingTBMG-359892/1/2020
A fabrication method was developed to create dyed threads that change color when they detect a variety of gases. The threads can be read visually or even more precisely by use of a smartphone camera, to detect changes of color due to analytes as low as 50 parts per million. Woven into clothing, the gas-detecting threads could provide a reusable, washable, and affordable safety asset in medical, workplace, military, and rescue environments.
Thermally Conductive Polymer FilmsTBMG-359772/1/2020
Polymers are commonly used for thermal insulation as they are excellent at trapping heat. Thin polymer films were developed that conduct heat — an ability normally associated with metals. The films, which are thinner than plastic wrap, conduct heat better than many metals including steel and ceramic.
Smartphone System Tests for Lead in WaterTBMG-359902/1/2020
Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards require lead levels in drinking water to be below 15 parts per billion. Currently available consumer test kits are not sensitive enough to accurately detect lead at that level. A new system has been developed using a smartphone and a lens made with an inkjet printer that can detect lead in tap water at levels commonly accepted as dangerous.
Liquid-Metal Wearable Pressure Sensor Created for Health Monitoring ApplicationsTBMG-360092/1/2020
KAIST Daejeon, Republic of Korea
3D Printing of Plastics with Electrical CircuitsTBMG-359732/1/2020
Engineers have embedded high-performance electrical circuits inside 3D-printed plastics, which could lead to smaller and versatile drones and better-performing small satellites, biomedical implants, and smart structures.
Breathalyzer Detects MarijuanaTBMG-359712/1/2020
As recreational marijuana legalization becomes more widespread in the U.S., so has concern about what that means for enforcing driving-under-the-influence (DUI) laws. Unlike a breathalyzer used to detect alcohol, police do not have a device that can be used in the field to determine if a driver is under the influence of marijuana.
Process Synthesizes Carbon Nanotubes Using Carbon DioxideTBMG-359612/1/2020
Carbon nanotubes are supermaterials that can be stronger than steel and more conductive than copper. The reason they're not in every application from batteries to tires is that these properties only show up in the tiniest nanotubes, which are extremely expensive. A new process was developed that can make these materials from carbon dioxide drawn from the air, in a way that is much less expensive than other methods. These materials could impact how emissions can be used in future technology.
Energy Harvesting for Soft-Matter Machines and ElectronicsTBMG-360592/1/2020
Air Force (AF) materials capable of dramatic changes in shape and rigidity require soft-matter electronics that support functionality without interfering with the mechanics of the host structure. This program introduced a new class of soft, multifunctional materials that can be used to power these systems by converting elastic strain energy from large deformations into electricity. These materials are composed of soft elastomers embedded with a suspension of liquid metal (LM) droplets that control the electrical properties of the composite.
The Influence of the Content and Nature of the Dispersive Filler at the Formation of Coatings for Protection of the Equipment of River and Sea Transport05-13-01-00061/23/2020
To protect ship equipment of river and sea transport, it is suggested to use polymeric protective coatings based on epoxy diane oligomer ED-20, polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) curing agent and filler, which is a departure from industrial production. Thus the purpose of the work is analysis of major dependency of the properties on the content of fillers that allowed to revealed the critical filler content (furnace black) in composites to form a protective coating with the required set of characteristics. The infrared (IR) spectral analysis was used to investigate the presence of bonds on the surface of particles of the PM-75 furnace black, which allows us to assess the degree of cross-linking of the polymer. The influence of the content of dispersed furnace black on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties and the structure of the protective coating is investigated. For the formation of the coating with increased adhesive properties, the optimum content of the additive is q = 25 parts by weight (pts.wt.), due to the increase in the number of C—O, C—C, C═O, C═C, C═O, and O═C—H bonds. For the formation of the coating with increased cohesive properties, the optimum content of the additive is q = 20 pts.wt., which is associated with the maximum compaction of the polymer spatial net. On the basis of the analysis of the surface of the composite fracture, a homogeneous topology of the fracture surface was found which characterizes the viscous state of material destruction at the content of the additive q = 5 pts.wt., which provides significant improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials developed. Additionally, it was found that when the PM-75 particles were introduced at the content of q = 10-30 pts.wt., the uniformity of the structure is retained, but its abnormal similarity is observed. This allowed us to determine the optimal content of the additive (q = 20 pts.wt.) for the formation of coatings with high cohesive strength in the complex.
Sapronov, Oleksandr, Buketov, Andriy, Sapronova, Anna, Sotsenko, Vitalii, Brailo, Mykola, Yakushchenko, Serhii, Maruschak, Pavlo, Smetankin, Serhii, Kulinich, Andriy, Kulinich, Viacheslav, Poberezhna, Liubov
Catalysis Approach Reduces Carbon Dioxide to MethaneTBMG-358001/1/2020
A new approach was developed that utilizes a series of catalytic reactions to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide to methane — the main ingredient in natural gas — eliminating an intermediate step usually needed in the reduction process.
3D Printed Plastics with High-Performance Electrical CircuitsTBMG-357711/1/2020
Engineers have embedded high-performance electrical circuits inside 3D printed plastics, which could lead to better-performing biomedical implants. They used pulses of high-energy light to fuse tiny silver wires, resulting in circuits that conduct 10 times more electricity than the state of the art. By increasing conductivity tenfold, the engineers can reduce energy use, extend the life of devices. and increase the device’s performance.
Micro Device Detects Ebola Virus Using Bio-SensorsTBMG-358011/1/2020
A prototype micro device with biosensors was developed that can detect the deadly Ebola virus. With this type of device, those infected can be treated earlier, and the early detection process can potentially decrease the spread of infections.
Magneto-Optic Biosensor Using Bio-Functionalized Magnetic NanoparticlesTBMG-358271/1/2020
Magnetic nanoparticles are leading to the development of more sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective biological sensors. These sensors can be used for a variety of applications including the detection of medical conditions and bioterrorist threats.
Breathable Electronic Skin Using Nanofiber SubstrateTBMG-358071/1/2020
Wearable electronic devices for health monitoring using electronic skin have emerged but most electronic skin-related technologies utilize materials such as plastic or rubber that can cause skin irritation or interfere with metabolism when attached to skin or biological tissue.
Additive Manufacturing of Precision Optics at Micro and NanoscaleTBMG-357631/1/2020
In optical manufacturing, additive manufacturing (AM), as an advanced manufacturing method, has been gaining interest because of its capabilities in the fabrication of extremely complex shapes. Applications of AM in the fabrication of single optical components (e.g. optical crystal) or systems (e.g. the making of an eagle eye) at the microscale or macroscale level have been the focus of recent developments. AM is an especially good fit for products that require a high level of customization.
Sandia’s Nanoantennas Help Detectors See More Heat, Less NoiseTBMG-357611/1/2020
A team of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories has developed a nanoantenna-enabled detector that can boost the usable signal of a thermal infrared camera by up to three times and improve image quality by reducing dark current, a major component of image noise, by 10 to 100 times.
Thin Heat Shield for Superfast AircraftTBMG-357911/1/2020
The world of aerospace increasingly relies on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites to build the structures of satellites, rockets, and jet aircraft. But the life of those materials is limited by how they handle heat. Researchers have developed a heat shield that better protects those extremely fast machines.
Hardening Lightweight Metal Foams with NanocoatingTBMG-358181/1/2020
Bones are strong and stable and can cope with loads almost as well as steel. But despite their strength, they are light enough to be easily moved by humans and animals. The secret lies in the combination of a hard, exterior shell that encases a porous lattice-like network of bone tissue in the interior of the bone. This structure saves on material and reduces weight.
Viable, Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Polystyrene FoamTBMG-358171/1/2020
An environmentally friendly foam was developed that can be used as an alternative to polystyrene foam, or Styrofoam™. The foam is made mostly from nanocrystals of cellulose, the most abundant plant material on Earth. The researchers also developed an environmentally friendly and simple manufacturing process to make the foam using water as a solvent instead of other harmful solvents.
Microrobot Powered by Soft MusclesTBMG-358281/1/2020
Researchers have developed a microrobot called RoboBee powered by soft artificial muscles that can crash into walls, fall onto the floor, and collide with other RoboBees without being damaged. It is the first microrobot powered by soft actuators to achieve controlled flight.
Q&A: Refrigeration by Twisting FibersTBMG-3571312/1/2019
Dr. Ray Baughman, Director of the Alan G. MacDiarmid Nano Tech Institute at the University of Texas, Dallas, and his team discovered a new technology for refrigeration that is based on twisting and untwisting fibers.
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