Browse Topic: Niobium

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Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and emission control2026-26-02851/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technology to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium. The Niobium addition will reduce wear debris and improve NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness). The test methodology included: Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, and Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
A Study on the Microstructural Changes and Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties in Stainless Steel Welds with Single Versus Double Stabilized Welding Wires2026-26-02881/16/2026
This research investigates the influence of stainless-steel stabilization, using single (titanium) and double (titanium and niobium) stabilized ferritic weld wires, on the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion behaviors of weld seams and their heat-affected zones (HAZ). Two ferritic stainless-steel samples, one stabilized with titanium (Sample No. 1) and the other with titanium and niobium (Sample No. 2), were selected for this comparative study. The research involved comprehensive analysis, including fatigue testing of the welded joints produced by both types of wires (430LNb & 430LNbTi), correlated with detailed microstructural and mechanical characterization. Metallographic analysis via optical microscopy revealed distinct features of the HAZ and weld seam, focusing on grain size, shape, and weld geometry. Micro-hardness measurements were conducted to elucidate the mechanical properties of the weld seams. Tensile testing was performed using a Universal Testing Machine to assess
Gaware, Amol Chandrakant
Balancing global and local formability properties through Nb microalloying2026-26-03031/16/2026
David Martin, CBMM Asia Bernardo Barile, CBMM Europe BV Caio Pisano, CBMM Europe BV Automotive high strength steels have specific microstructure-dependent forming characteristics. Global formability is generally associated with high uniform strain values which imply good drawability and stretch forming properties driven by pronounced work hardening. Local formability on the other hand is often measured by various fracture strain values—generally higher in single phase steels. In this respect, the so-called ‘local/global formability map’ concept has been established not only to provide a comprehensive methodology to characterize existing automotive steels but also to enable improvement strategies toward more balanced forming characteristics. Niobium (Nb) microalloying is a powerful tool to achieve both property improvement in general and property balance in particular. More than two decades of research has demonstrated that Nb-induced microstructural optimization is applicable to HSLA
Barile, Bernardo
Steel, Welded Tubing, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130)AMS6373K (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of welded tubing.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Rings 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) AMS6370S (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and stock for forging or flash welded rings.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (4640) AMS6312L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.0Cb - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Vacuum Induction and Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5950E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip 0.080 inch (2.03 mm) and under in nominal thickness (see 8.8).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb Solution Heat TreatedAMS5869E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Influences of Martensite Morphology and Precipitation on Bendability in Press-Hardened Steels2022-01-02723/29/2022
Performance evaluation of martensitic press-hardened steels by VDA 238-100 three-point bend testing has become commonplace. Significant influences on bending performance exist from both surface considerations related to both decarburization and substrate-coating interaction and base martensitic steel considerations such as structural heterogeneity, i.e., banding, prior austenite grain size, titanium nitride (TiN) dispersion, mobile hydrogen, and the extent of martensite tempering as result auto-tempering upon quenching or paint baking during vehicle manufacturing. Deconvolution of such effects is challenging in practice, but it is increasingly accepted that surface considerations play an outsized role in bending performance. For specified surface conditions, however, the base steel microstructure can greatly influence bending performance and associated crash ductility to meet safety and mass-efficiency targets. This study reports and elucidates the positive effect of prior austenite
Enloe, Charles M., Mohrbacher, Hardy
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.75Si - 0.62Cr - 0.20Mo - 0.10Zr (0.10 - 0.17C)AMS6354G (Current)9/29/2021
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 4.00 inches (101.6 mm) and under in thickness.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.75Si - 0.62Cr - 0.20Mo - 0.10Zr (0.10 - 0.17C)AMS6354G-TEST-REC (Historical)9/29/2021
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 4.00 inches (101.6 mm) and under in thickness.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Foil 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb (Nb) Cold Rolled and AnnealedAMS5879E (Current)8/19/2021
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and foil 0.100 inch (2.54 mm) and under in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Foil 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb (Nb) Cold Rolled and AnnealedAMS5879E-TEST-REC (Historical)8/19/2021
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and foil 0.100 inch (2.54 mm) and under in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.60Cb - 1.5Cu Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5863F (Current)7/23/2021
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.60Cb - 1.5Cu Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5863F-TEST-REC (Historical)7/23/2021
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of SteelJ409_202107 (Current)7/15/2021
Supplementary to the heat or cast analysis, a product analysis may be made on steel in the semifinished or finished form. For definitions and methods of sampling steel for product chemical analysis, refer to SAE J408. A product analysis is a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished steel to determine conformance to the specification requirements. The range of the specified chemical composition is normally expanded to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneity of the steel. Individual determinations may vary from the specified heat or cast analysis ranges or limits to the extent shown in Tables 1 through 5. The several determinations of any element in a heat or cast may not vary both above and below the specified range except for lead. Tables 1 through 5 provide permissible limits for various steel forms and composition types. For rephosphorized and resulfurized steels, the product analysis tolerance limits are not applicable
Metals Technical Committee
Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of SteelJ409_202107-TEST-REC (Historical)7/15/2021
Supplementary to the heat or cast analysis, a product analysis may be made on steel in the semifinished or finished form. For definitions and methods of sampling steel for product chemical analysis, refer to SAE J408. A product analysis is a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished steel to determine conformance to the specification requirements. The range of the specified chemical composition is normally expanded to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneity of the steel. Individual determinations may vary from the specified heat or cast analysis ranges or limits to the extent shown in Tables 1 through 5. The several determinations of any element in a heat or cast may not vary both above and below the specified range except for lead. Tables 1 through 5 provide permissible limits for various steel forms and composition types. For rephosphorized and resulfurized steels, the product analysis tolerance limits are not applicable
Metals Technical Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb Solution Heat TreatedAMS5869D (Historical)3/5/2021
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb Solution Heat TreatedAMS5869D-TEST-REC (Historical)3/5/2021
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.30Cb - 1.5Cu Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated Precipitation HardenableAMS5859F (Current)1/13/2021
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.30Cb - 1.5Cu Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated Precipitation HardenableAMS5859F-TEST-REC (Historical)1/13/2021
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.0Cb - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Vacuum Induction and Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5950D (Historical)12/29/2020
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip 0.080 inch (2.03 mm) and under in nominal thickness (see 8.8).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 8740)AMS6358L (Historical)9/1/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 8740)AMS6358L-TEST-REC (Historical)9/1/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.33 - 0.38C) (8735)AMS6357M (Historical)8/24/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.33 - 0.38C) (8735)AMS6357M-TEST-REC (Historical)8/24/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Vanadium: A Green Metal Critical to Aerospace and Clean EnergyTBMG-373768/1/2020
In the 1960s, the world’s leading aerospace engineers at Lockheed’s Skunk Works facility faced an extraordinarily difficult engineering challenge: how to design a successor to the U-2 spy aircraft, which had proven increasingly vulnerable to advanced Soviet anti-aircraft systems. Among other capabilities, the next-generation aircraft they were to design required an ability to cruise at a sustained speed of Mach 3+, operate at altitudes exceeding 80,000 feet, and feature as low a radar cross section as possible. Given the technologies of the day – slide rules were still used by engineers for most calculations – it was a daunting task.
Vanadium A Green Metal Critical to Aerospace and Clean Energy20AERP08_028/1/2020
In the 1960s, the world's leading aerospace engineers at Lockheed's Skunk Works facility faced an extraordinarily difficult engineering challenge: how to design a successor to the U-2 spy aircraft, which had proven increasingly vulnerable to advanced Soviet anti-aircraft systems. Among other capabilities, the next-generation aircraft they were to design required an ability to cruise at a sustained speed of Mach 3+, operate at altitudes exceeding 80,000 feet, and feature as low a radar cross section as possible. Given the technologies of the day - slide rules were still used by engineers for most calculations - it was a daunting task. One of the key hurdles was designing and machining components of the jet's outer skin such that it could handle temperatures from aerodynamic friction and continuous engine operation as high as 1,050 °F. The answer: titanium-based alloys that contained the metal vanadium. When added to titanium, vanadium helps to create alloys with the best strength-to
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.80Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 4340)AMS6359L (Current)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) SpheroidizedAMS6351L (Current)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130)AMS6350P (Current)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo - (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 4140)AMS6395J (Current)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) Normalized or Otherwise Heat TreatedAMS6345E (Current)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) SpheroidizedAMS6351L-TEST-REC (Historical)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo - (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 4140)AMS6395J-TEST-REC (Historical)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130)AMS6350P-TEST-REC (Historical)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) Normalized or Otherwise Heat TreatedAMS6345E-TEST-REC (Historical)4/10/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo - (0.30 - 0.35C) (4132)AMS6356J (Current)3/18/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.80Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.49 - 0.55C) AnnealedAMS6396G (Historical)2/18/2020
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (NB) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1750 °F (954 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5606F (Current)7/31/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (NB) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1750 °F (954 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5606F-TEST-REC (Historical)7/31/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Calculation of Electron Vacancy Number in SuperalloysAS5491D (Current)7/24/2019
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes a uniform procedure for calculation of electron vacancy numbers in superalloys. It is intended for use by suppliers of raw materials and parts, typically castings, for which control of electron vacancy number is required by the raw material specification.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95 (Cb (Nb) + Ta) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe Consumable Electrode, Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation-HardenableAMS5598F (Current)4/11/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.187 inch (4.75 mm) thick, inclusive, and plate up to 4.000 inches (101.6 mm) thick, inclusive, procured in inch/pound units (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95Cb(Nb) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe AnnealedAMS5542P (Current)4/11/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.1874 inch (4.76 mm) thick, inclusive, and plate up to 4.000 inches (101.6 mm) thick, inclusive (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95Cb(Nb) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe AnnealedAMS5542P-TEST-REC (Historical)4/11/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.1874 inch (4.76 mm) thick, inclusive, and plate up to 4.000 inches (101.6 mm) thick, inclusive (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95 (Cb (Nb) + Ta) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe Consumable Electrode, Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation-HardenableAMS5598F-TEST-REC (Historical)4/11/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.187 inch (4.75 mm) thick, inclusive, and plate up to 4.000 inches (101.6 mm) thick, inclusive, procured in inch/pound units (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant Sheet, Strip, and Foil Ni - 18Cr - 2.8Mo - 5.5Cb (Nb) - 0.70Ti - 1.50Al - 10Fe - 9Co - 1W Vacuum Induction Melted and Consumable Electrode Remelted Solution Heat TreatedAMS5960A (Current)1/7/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and foil 0.1874 inch (4.76 mm) and under in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (Nb) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5605G (Current)1/7/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 1.00 inch (25.4 mm) and under in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant Sheet, Strip, and Foil Ni - 18Cr - 2.8Mo - 5.5Cb (Nb) - 0.70Ti - 1.50Al - 10Fe - 9Co - 1W Vacuum Induction Melted and Consumable Electrode Remelted Solution Heat TreatedAMS5960A-TEST-REC (Historical)1/7/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and foil 0.1874 inch (4.76 mm) and under in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (Nb) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5605G-TEST-REC (Historical)1/7/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 1.00 inch (25.4 mm) and under in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
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