Browse Topic: Magnesium

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Mutagaana, Festo
abc test 30/12auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0780612/30/2022
Mutagaana, F., "QE Testing 11/2-10 jms edit," SAE MobilityRxiv™ Preprint, submitted November 2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.47953/SAE-PP-07790.
Mutagaana, Festo
Padded Self-Piercing Riveting (P-SPR) on magnesium high pressure die casting2022-01-028703/29/2022
As a mechanical joining technology well established on aluminum and steel, self-piercing riveting (SPR) is exploring its application on magnesium. The main issue with the development of magnesium SPR technology is the button cracking which is ascribed to magnesium’s limited slip systems in room temperature. To address the issue at room temperature, an innovative padded self-piercing riveting (P-SPR) process was developed to mitigate the cracks by integrating a disposable pad into the rivet setting process. An experiment was designed to join a piece of 2.0mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum to a piece of 3.2mm thick powder coated AM60B magnesium high pressure die casting (HPDC) under 3 different configurations including the conventional SPR process as a baseline, the conventional SPR process with an optimized die and the P-SPR process. Through the comparison on button surface, cross-section and joint strength, the P-SPR solution with a joint strength of 6.5kN protected both metal and powder
Liu, Yuchao (Chad), Wang, Gerry, Weiler, Jonathan
Magnesium Sheet Component Development and Demonstration Project2022-01-028603/29/2022
Most of the applications of magnesium in lightweighting of commercial cars and trucks are die castings rather than sheet metal, and automotive applications of magnesium sheet have typically been experimental or low-volume serial production. The overarching objective of project was to develop new low-cost magnesium alloys, and demonstrate warm-stamping of magnesium sheet inner and outer door panels from a 2013 MY Ford Fusion at a fully accounted integrated component cost increase over conventional steel stamped components of no more than $2.50/lb. saved. The project demonstrated the computational design of new Mg alloys from atomistic levels, cast new experimental alloy ingots and explored thermo-mechanical rolling processes to produce thin Mg sheet of desired texture. A new commercial Mg alloy sheet material was sourced and pretreated with protective coil coatings, and its properties fully characterized. The Mg sheet was warm-formed using novel lubricants into intermediate size
Gerken, Randy T., Ghaffari, Bita, Sachdev, Anil K., Mehta, Manish, Carter, Jon T.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet 6.2Zn - 2.3Cu - 2.2Mg - 0.12Zr (Alclad 7050-T76) Solution Heat Treated and OveragedAMS4243C (Current)01/13/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet 0.040 to 0.187 inch (1.02 to 4.75 mm) inclusive in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024-O) Annealed, Fine GrainAMS4274B (Current)12/17/2019
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.009 to 0.126 inch (0.23 to 3.20 mm) inclusive, in nominal thickness, alclad.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Reducing the High Cost Of TitaniumTBMG-3566712/01/2019
Titanium is neither a precious metal nor rare, yet among industrial metals it has the reputation for being very expensive. It's the fourth most abundant metallic element and the ninth most abundant of all the elements in the earth's crust. Its commercially useful oxide ore occurs in the minerals rutile and ilmenite and numerous iron ores, and exploitable ore deposits are liberally scattered around the world in Australia, Canada, India, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, South Africa and the U.S. But due to its properties and high cost it has often been referred to as unobtanium.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.18Zr - 0.10V - 0.06Ti Alclad 2219-T31; Sheet, Solution Heat Treated and Cold Worked Alclad 2219-T351; Plate, Solution Heat Treated and Stress RelievedAMS4095E (Current)10/01/2019
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.020 to 0.499 inch (0.51 to 12.67 mm) inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.4) alclad two sides.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Ceramic Bound Materials: A Suitable Solution for Light Brakes2019-01-210909/15/2019
A ceramic bound matrix has been investigated to be used as a friction material. The materials were produced by means of ceramic technology using frits containing silicates, and ceramic friction modifiers such as tin oxide, zircon, iron oxide, magnesium oxide. Four formulations were tested by means of a tribometer (pin-on-disc tester) using a gray cast iron counterpart. Test section included speeds between 1 and 12 ms-1, and loads between 25 and 400 N. The coefficient of friction of the tested specimens were between 0.7 and 0.4, and exhibited sensitivity to speed at low loads (25 N), while they are quite stables at high loads (400N). The characterization of the tribolayers was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy. The four developed materials were named A, B, C, and D. They exhibited different wear rates and coefficients of friction. All the materials exhibited sensitivity to speed, while showed a lower sensitivity to load. The coefficient of friction level seems to be
Dante, Roberto C., Cotilli, Edoardo, Conforti, Michael, Cotilli, Mario, Serrano-Posada, José Carlos, Schramm, Tobias, Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter, Dastrù, Marco
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024, -T3 Sheet/-T351 Plate with 1-1/2% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4041T (Current)09/03/2019
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate alclad two sides, over 0.187 to 1.000 inch (over 4.750 to 25.40 mm) in nominal thickness, supplied in the -T3/-T351 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Tiny Biodegradable Circuits Release Painkillers Inside the BodyTBMG-3509509/01/2019
Patients fitted with an orthopedic prosthetic commonly experience a period of intense pain after surgery. In an effort to control the pain, surgeons inject painkillers into the tissue during the operation. When that wears off a day or two later, the patients are given morphine through a catheter placed near the spine. Yet catheters are not particularly comfortable, and the drugs spread throughout the body, affecting all organs.
Microrobots Activated by Laser Pulses for Treating TumorsTBMG-3515309/01/2019
Microrobots that can deliver drugs to specific spots inside the body while being monitored and controlled from outside the body have been developed that also can treat tumors in the digestive tract.
Low-Cost Thermoelectric Material Works at Room TemperatureTBMG-3512509/01/2019
The widespread adoption of thermoelectric devices that can directly convert electricity into thermal energy for cooling and heating has been hindered, in part, by the lack of materials that are both inexpensive and highly efficient at room temperature. A new material was developed that works efficiently at room temperature while requiring almost no costly tellurium, a major component of the current state-of-the-art material. Future work could close the slight performance gap between the new material and the traditional material, a bismuth-tellurium-based alloy.
INSERT - THIN WALL, METRIC SHORT AND LONG HOLE PREPARATION FORMA4812A (Current)03/18/2019
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
COVER - ENGINE ACCESSORY DRIVE, SQUARE, 127.28 BC, METRIC AMS4424 (UNS M11630) OR AMS4484MA3454B (Current)09/17/2018
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Combined Fuel and Lubricant Effects on Low Speed Pre-Ignition2018-01-166909/10/2018
Many studies on low speed pre-ignition have been published to investigate the impact of fuel properties and of lubricant properties. Fuels with high aromatic content or higher distillation temperatures have been shown to increase LSPI activity. The results have also shown that oil additives such as calcium sulfonate tend to increase the occurrence of LSPI while others such as magnesium sulfonate tend to decrease the occurrence. Very few studies have varied the fuel and oil properties at the same time. This approach is useful in isolating only the impact of the oil or the fuel, but both fluids impact the LSPI behavior of the engine simultaneously. To understand how the lubricant and fuel impacts on LSPI interact, a series of LSPI tests were performed with a matrix which combined fuels and lubricants with a range of LSPI activity. This study was intended to determine if a low activity lubricant could suppress the increased LSPI from a high activity fuel, and vice versa. The results
Kocsis, Michael Clifford, Briggs, Thomas, Anderson, Garrett
SoldersJ473_201808 (Current)08/24/2018
The choice of the type and grade of solder for any specific purpose will depend on the materials to be joined and the method of applying. Those with higher amounts of tin usually wet and bond more readily and have a narrower semi-molten range than lower amounts of tin. For strictly economic reasons, it is recommended that the grade of solder metal be selected that contains least amount of tin required to give suitable flowing and adhesive qualities for application. All the lead-tin solders, with or without antimony, are usually suitable for joining steel and copper base alloys. For galvanized steel or zinc, only Class A solders should be used. Class B solders, containing antimony usually as a substitute for some of the tin or to increase strength and hardness of the filler metal, form intermetallic antimony-zinc compounds, causing the joint to become embrittled. Lead-tin solders are not recommended for joining aluminum, magnesium, or stainless steel. Permissible impurity levels are
Metals Technical Committee
INSERT - THIN WALL, METRIC SHORT AND LONG HOLE PREPARATION FORMA4812 (Historical)08/23/2018
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
COVER - TYPE XVI, XVII-C, D, E, AND F ENGINE ACCESSORY DRIVEAS3542A (Current)06/20/2018
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024, -T3 Sheet/-T351 Plate with 1½% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4041S (Historical)04/03/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate alclad two sides, over 0.187 to 1.000 inch (over 4.750 to 25.40 mm) in nominal thickness, supplied in the -T3/-T351 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.18Zr - 0.10V - 0.06Ti Alclad 2219-T81 Sheet Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated Alclad 2219-T851 Plate Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4094D (Historical)03/23/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.020 to 0.499 inch (0.51 to 12.67 mm) inclusive, in nominal thickness, clad on two sides (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.18Zr - 0.10V - 0.06Ti Alclad 2219-T31; Sheet, Solution Heat Treated and Cold Worked Alclad 2219-T351; Plate, Solution Heat Treated and Stress RelievedAMS4095D (Historical)03/23/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate 0.020 to 0.499 inch (0.51 to 12.67 mm) inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.4).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T81 Sheet, -T851 Plate) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Artificially AgedAMS4478A (Historical)03/23/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of Alclad sheet and plate 0.010 to 0.499 inch (0.254 to 12.67 mm), inclusive in thickness, supplied in the -T81/-T851 temper (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-O with 1 ½% Alclad); AnnealedAMS4040P (Current)02/15/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate, alclad two sides, 0.188 to 1.750 inch (4.775 to 44.450 mm) inclusive, in thickness, supplied in the annealed (O) condition (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T3 Sheet, -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4462A (Current)01/18/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate 0.008 to 1.000 inches (0.203 to 25.4 mm) supplied in the -T3/-T351 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T3 Sheet, -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4462A-TEST-REC (Historical)01/18/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate 0.008 to 1.000 inches (0.203 to 25.4 mm) supplied in the -T3/-T351 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Zinc Alloy Ingot and Die Casting CompositionsJ468_201801 (Current)01/09/2018
SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONS—UNS Z33521, former SAE 903, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AG40A; and UNS Z33520, former SAE 903, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-76, Alloy AG40A. UNS Z35530, former SAE 925, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AC41A; and UNS Z35531, former SAE 925, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-82a, Alloy AC41A.
Metals Technical Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024 -T361 Sheet/Plate with 1½% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4194E (Current)01/02/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate, alclad both sides, supplied in the -T361 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024 -T361 Sheet/Plate with 1½% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4194E-TEST-REC (Historical)01/02/2018
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate, alclad both sides, supplied in the -T361 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Extrusion Method Improves Structural Properties of MagnesiumTBMG-2817201/01/2018
Magnesium is 75 percent lighter than steel, 33 percent lighter than aluminum, and is the fourth most common element on Earth behind iron, silicon, and oxygen. But despite its light weight and natural abundance, automakers have been halted in their attempts to incorporate magnesium alloys into structural car parts. To provide the necessary strength has required the addition of costly rare elements such as dysprosium, praseodymium, and ytterbium.
Magnesium AlloysJ464_201712 (Current)12/20/2017
This report on magnesium alloys covers those alloys which have been more commonly used in the United States for automotive, aircraft, and missile applications. Basic information on nomenclature and temper designation is given. Design data and many characteristics covered by a purchase specification are not included.
Metals Technical Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024, -T3 Sheet/-T351 Plate with 1½% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4041R (Historical)11/14/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate supplied in the –T3/-T351 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024 -T361 Sheet/Plate with 1½% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4194D (Historical)11/14/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate supplied in the -T361 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Coiled Sheet, Alclad 4.4Cu – 1.5Mg – 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024; -T4 Coiled Sheet) Solution Heat TreatedAMS4475B (Current)11/13/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad coiled sheet from 0.010 to 0.128 inches, incl (0.25 to 3.25 mm, incl) in thickness supplied in the –T4 temper (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate 4.3Cu - 1.4Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2524-T3) Solution Heat Treated and Cold WorkedAMS4296C (Historical)10/13/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.032 to 0.310 inch, incl (0.81 to 7.87 mm, incl) in thickness, clad on both sides (see 8.4).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu 1.5Mg 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T861 Sheet & Plate) Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Artificially AgedAMS4467B (Current)10/10/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate supplied in the -T861 temper.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Effects of Lubricant Additives on Auto-Ignition under a Hot Co-Flow Atmosphere2017-01-223110/08/2017
Pre-ignition may lead to an extreme knock (super-knock or mega-knock) which will impose a severe negative influence on the engine performance and service life, thus limiting the development of downsizing gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. More and more studies reveal that the auto-ignition of lubricants is the potential source for pre-ignition. However, pre-ignition is complicated to study on the engine test bench. In this paper, a convenient test method is applied to investigate the influence of lubricants metal-additives on pre-ignition. 8 groups of lubricants are injected into a hot co-flow atmosphere which generated by a burner. A single-hole nozzle injector with a diameter of 0.2 mm at 20 MPa injection pressure is utilized for lubricants' injection and spray atomization. The ignition delays of lubricants with different additives of calcium, ZDDP (Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates) and magnesium content under the hot co-flow atmosphere are recorded with a high-speed camera. The
Chen, Yongquan, Li, Liguang, Zhang, Qing, Deng, Jun, Xie, Wei, Zhang, Erbao, Tong, Sunyu
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T361 Sheet & Plate) Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Naturally AgedAMS4466A (Historical)09/13/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate 0.020 to 0.500 inch (0.508 to 12.70 mm) inclusive, in thickness, supplied in the -T361 temper (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Using Sunlight to Activate the Flow of Electrical Current in a New MaterialTBMG-2753609/01/2017
Mined to make the first compass needles, the mineral magnetite is also made by migratory birds and other animals to allow them to sense north and south, and thus navigate in cloudy or dark atmospheric conditions or under water. Researchers have compositionally modified magnetite to capture visible sunlight and convert this light energy into electrical current. This current may be useful to drive the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The team generated this material by replacing one third of the iron atoms with chromium atoms.
The Benefits of Magnesium Alloy for Medical ImplantsTBMG-2732908/01/2017
The use of medical devices has hit an all-time high, with the global industry currently valued at $200 million and strong growth predictions through to 2023.1 These devices include surgical implants, which cover a broad range of applications such as artificial joints, lap-bands, stents, and pacemakers, with the goal of supporting tissue regeneration and providing optimal healing, allowing a patient to return to full health in an acceptable time frame.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T4 Flat Sheet) Solution Heat Treated, High FormabilityAMS4279B (Historical)07/11/2017
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet, clad on both sides with a different alloy.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (Alclad 6061-0) AnnealedAMS4021H (Current)05/30/2017
This specification covers an alclad aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The Impact of Lubricant Volatility, Viscosity and Detergent Chemistry on Low Speed Pre-Ignition Behavior2017-01-068503/28/2017
The impact of additive and oil chemistry on low speed pre-ignition (LSPI) was evaluated. An additive metals matrix varied the levels of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), calcium sulfonate, and molybdenum within the range of commercially available engine lubricants. A separate test matrix varied the detergent chemistry (calcium vs. magnesium), lubricant volatility, and base stock chemistry. All lubricants were evaluated on a LSPI test cycle developed by Southwest Research Institute within its Pre-Ignition Prevention Program (P3) using a GM LHU 2.0 L turbocharged GDI engine. It was observed that increasing the concentration of calcium leads to an increase in the LSPI rate. At low calcium levels, near-zero LSPI rates were observed. The addition of zinc and molybdenum additives had a negative effect on the LSPI rate; however, this was only seen at higher calcium concentrations. Displacing some or all of the calcium with magnesium reduces the LSPI rate relative to an all-calcium lubricant
Kocsis, Michael Clifford, Briggs, Thomas, Anderson, Garrett
Experimental Observations on the Mechanical Response of AZ31B Magnesium and AA6061-T6 Aluminum Extrusions Subjected to Compression and Cutting Modes of Deformation2017-01-037703/28/2017
Cylindrical extrusions of magnesium AZ31B were subjected to quasi-static axial compression and cutting modes of deformation to study this alloy’s effectiveness as an energy absorber. For comparison, the tests were repeated using extrusions of AA6061-T6 aluminum of the same geometry. For the axial compression tests, three different end geometries were considered, namely (1) a flat cutoff, (2) a 45 degree chamfer, and (3) a square circumferential notch. AZ31B extrusions with the 45 degree chamfer produced the most repeatable and stable deformation of a progressive fracturing nature, referred to as sharding, with an average SEA of 40 kJ/kg and an average CFE of 45 %, which are nearly equal to the performance of the AA6061-T6. Both the AZ31B specimens with the flat cutoff and the circumferential notch conditions were more prone to tilt mid-test, and lead to an unstable helical fracture, which significantly reduced the SEA. Axial cutting of AA6061-T6 extrusions has been shown to be an
Shery, Peter, Altenhof, William, Smith, Ryan, Beeh, Elmar, Strassburger, Philipp, Gruenheid, Thomas
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Flat Sheet 4.1Cu - 1.4Mg - 0.45Mn (Alclad 2424-T3) Solution Heat Treated and Cold WorkedAMS4270C (Current)11/14/2016
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet clad on both sides with a different aluminum alloy.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Friction Reduction Technology for Low Viscosity Engine Oil Compatible with LSPI Prevention Performance2016-01-227610/17/2016
Increasing numbers of vehicles equipped with downsized, turbocharged engines have been introduced seeking for better fuel economy. LSPI (low speed pre-ignition), which can damage engine hardware, is a potential risk of the engines. We reported that engine oil formulation affects frequency of LSPI events, and formulating magnesium detergents into oil is a promising option to prevent LSPI events. From the viewpoint of achieving better fuel economy by engine oil, lowering viscosity is being required. However, it causes reduced oil film thickness and will expand boundary lubrication condition regions in some engine parts. Hence, a technology to reduce friction under boundary lubrication becomes important. To establish technology to reduce friction in low viscosity oils while ensuring good LSPI prevention performance, effective use of molybdenum dithio-carbamate (MoDTC) with magnesium detergents was investigated, since MoDTC is known as one of the most effective friction modifiers to reduce
Kaneko, Toyoharu, Yamamori, Kazuo, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Onodera, Ko, Ogano, Satoshi
Acid Neutralization and Engine Hardware Corrosion Protection through Heavy-Duty Diesel Lubricant Additive Chemistry2016-01-231810/17/2016
One of the primary functions of modern heavy duty diesel (HDD) lubricants is to protect the engine against corrosion, which is typically accomplished by additives providing alkaline material, commonly represented as total base number (TBN). The majority of the TBN in HDD lubricants comes from ash-containing over-based detergents, with various metallic base and soap chemistries. In this publication, we discuss several overbased detergents and their efficacy in acid neutralization, as well as the resulting impact on corrosion protection. The performance differences are compared in a number of stationary API CJ-4 and CK-4 HDD engine screener tests. Furthermore, these results are confirmed with field trial data, including a comparison of CJ-4 oils with the upcoming API FA-4/CK-4 oils. The selection of overbased detergent type provides varying levels of acid neutralization and corrosion protection. Within a constrained sulfated-ash environment, TBN can be maximized via the use of magnesium
Lin, Wangkan, Diggs, Nancy, Frampton, Catherine
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad, Sheet 5.7Zn - 2.2Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.22Cr (Alclad 7475-T761) Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4100F (Historical)02/02/2016
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet 0.040 inch to 0.249 inch (1.02 to 6.32 mm), incl in nominal thickness (see 8.4).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Electrochemical Characterization of Coated Self-Piercing Rivets for Magnesium Applications2015-01-908501/01/2016
This work reports on measurement and analysis of the galvanic interaction between steel self-piercing rivets (SPRs) having several different surface conditions and magnesium alloy substrates under consideration for use in automotive structural assemblies. Rivet surface conditions included uncoated steel, conventional Zn-Sn barrel plating and variations of commercial aluminizing processes, including supplemental layers and sealants. Coating characteristics were assessed using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization scanning (PDS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The degree of galvanic coupling was determined using zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) and the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), which also permitted characterization of galvanic current flows in situ.
Upadhyay, Vinod, Qi, Xiaoning, Wilson, Nick, Battocchi, Dante, Bierwagen, Gordon, Forsmark, Joy, McCune, Robert
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate (Alclad 2029-T8) 3.6 Cu, 0.30 Mn, 0.95 Mg, 0.40 Ag, 0.12 Zr Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and AgedAMS4272 (Historical)12/04/2015
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate, clad on both sides, from 0.063 to 0.600 inch inclusive (1.60 to 15.24 mm, inclusive), in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
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