Browse Topic: Lithium

Items (103)

Development and Validation of a Reduced Order Model Incorporating a Semi-Empirical Degradation Model for Pouch Type LiFePO ₄ /Graphite Cells

2017-01-121804/23/2025

We propose a reduced order model (ROM) for LFP/graphite cells derived from the electrochemical thermal principles that considers degradation effects and validated against experimental data obtained from a large format pouch type LFP/graphite cell whose nominal capacity is 20Ah. The characteristics of the two-phase transition and path dependence were taken into account in the ROM using a shrinking-core model with a moving interface that presents lithium rich and deficient phase. Different currents (0.1/1/3/4C) were applied to fresh cells at different ambient temperatures (25/35/45°C). Comparison between simulated results of the ROM and the collected experimental data shows a good match. The path dependence was also analyzed experimentally. For degradation model, side reaction is treated as the predominant cause of degradation of cells, which are affected by the operating conditions, such as temperature and SOC cycling range. At every 30 or 40 cycles, the capacity and impedance of five

ZHAO, XINCHEN, Bi, Yalan, Choe, Song-Yul

Crafting Safe, Long-Cyclable Lithium Metal Batteries for High Temperatures

TBMG-5213912/01/2024

Existing commercial battery technologies, which use liquid electrolytes and carbonaceous anodes, have certain drawbacks such as safety concerns, limited lifespan, and inadequate power density particularly at high temperatures. This has prompted researchers to search for solid electrolytes that are safe and compatible with lithium metal anodes, which are known for their high theoretical specific power capacity.

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Autonomous Mining Critical to Global Demand for Minerals

1337112/12/2022

With the exponential rise in EV adoption comes a surge in global demand for minerals like graphite, lithium, nickel and cobalt. To keep pace, more mines around the world are needed to get up and running quickly. Enter SafeAI, a company accelerating the world's transition to autonomous mining and construction. By retrofitting heavy duty vehicles and site operations with autonomous technology, SafeAI enables safer, more productive, and more cost-efficient worksites. In terms of supporting the EV supply chain, SafeAI's autonomously operating assets can significantly expedite the development of a mine, which typically takes up to 10 years. Enabled by autonomy, each vehicle can add approximately 1,000 additional hours of productivity per year. We sat down with Bibhrajit Halder, Founder & CEO of SafeAI, to discuss the global state of mining, the move to zero-emission vehicles, and the future of autonomous mining and construction in an era of massive industry adoption.

Hineman, Marcie

Coating Extends Lithium Metal Battery Life

TBMG-3638204/01/2020

The rechargeable lithium metal battery has been plagued by short life expectancy and occasional fires. To combat these problems, a new coating significantly extends the battery’s life. To deal with the combustion issue, the coating greatly limits the tiny needlelike structures — or dendrites — that pierce the separator between the battery’s positive and negative sides. In addition to ruining the battery, dendrites can create a short circuit within the battery’s flammable liquid. Lithium-ion batteries occasionally have the same problem but dendrites have been a non-starter for lithium metal rechargeable batteries to date. Dendrites also have prevented lithium metal batteries from being used in what may be the next generation of electric vehicles.

Products of Tomorrow: September 2019

TBMG-3512309/01/2019

Aluminum Electroplating Using Bromide Salts

TBMG-2831402/01/2018

Corrosion of structural materials is a serious problem for industrial and civil infrastructure worldwide, costing billions of dollars, and hampering gross domestic product. Corrosion also presents a threat to the environment and public safety, with highways and bridges losing structural integrity, and hazardous materials leaching into soils, waterways, and aquifers.

In search of higher-energy-content batteries

16AUTP11_0711/01/2016

As suppliers, automakers, and others join forces to develop high-performance battery components aimed at increasing the range of electric vehicles, current advanced batteries are edging closer to the end of their electrified vehicle lifespan. “We've been very fortunate with almost 500,000 vehicles on the road that we haven't gotten a lot of those advanced batteries back yet. But there will be batteries coming out of service. And as technologists, as automakers, and as suppliers, we have an obligation to think through how we might use them, recognizing that the new ones cost half of what the old ones did,” said Denise Gray, CEO of LG Chem Power, Inc.

Lithium Fluoride as a Polysulfide Shuttle Inhibitor for Lithium Sulfur Chemistry

TBMG-22199

06/01/2015

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

Li-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybrid Design for Long Extravehicular Activities

TBMG-1718209/01/2013

With the need for long periods of extravehicular activities (EVAs) on the Moon or Mars or a near-asteroid, the need for long-performance batteries has increased significantly. The energy requirements for the EVA suit, as well as surface systems such as rovers, have increased significantly due to the number of applications they need to power at the same time. However, even with the best state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, it is not possible to power the suit or the rovers for the extended period of performance. Carrying a charging system along with the batteries makes it cumbersome and requires a self-contained power source for the charging system that is usually not possible. An innovative method to charge and use the Li-ion batteries for long periods seems to be necessary and hence, with the advent of the Li-ion supercapacitors, a method has been developed to extend the performance period of the Li-ion power system for future exploration applications.

High-Power, High-Speed Electro-Optic Pockels Cell Modulator

TBMG-1720209/01/2013

Electro-optic modulators rely on a change in the index of refraction for the optical wave as a function of an applied voltage. The corresponding change in index acts to delay the wavefront in the waveguide. The goal of this work was to develop a high-speed, highpower waveguide-based modulator (phase and amplitude) and investigate its use as a pulse slicer. The key innovation in this effort is the use of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguides, making the high-power, polarization- based waveguide amplitude modulator possible. Furthermore, because it is fabricated in KTP, the waveguide component will withstand high optical power and have a significantly higher RF modulation figure of merit (FOM) relative to lithium niobate. KTP waveguides support highpower TE and TM modes — a necessary requirement for polarization-based modulation as with a Pockels cell.

Lithium Batteries for Medical Applications

TBMG-1511011/01/2012

The element lithium possesses fundamental properties that make it ideal for use as the anode in both primary and rechargeable batteries. Vendors have paired the popular lithium anode with a variety of cathode and electrolyte materials, resulting in the wide choice of different chemistries available today. This article discusses the types of primary lithium batteries commonly used for medical applications and introduces a new type based on recent innovations in materials and manufacturing processes. Information about the basic properties, advantages, and disadvantages are provided for each battery type.

Automotive Engineering International 2012-09-04

12AEID090409/04/2012

The Lexus rises again Kiyotaka Ise is leading the effort to redefine the Toyota luxury brand with 'Lexus emotionality.' Hyundai powers ahead Dr. Woong-Chul Yang, Vice Chairman, Hyundai Motor, and the head of Hyundai-Kia R&D, explains how his company is striving to be the most-loved, but not necessarily the biggest car company-with the help of technology and powertrain leadership from Seong-Hyon Park, Hyundai's President of Powertrain. Next-generation lithium batteries step forward Developmental solid-state lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries could one day provide ample EV power.

SAE Vehicle Electrification 2012-06-26

12EVSD062606/26/2012

Argonne heats up Li-ion battery research The U.S. Department of Energy lab near Chicago is using federal stimulus money to dive deeper into lithium battery research. Lithium-ion battery industry moves forward From technology advances to manufacturing capacity expansions, the foundation of the lithium-ion battery industry is becoming stronger and more viable.

Federal - Harmonization with International Standards

RS-BNA-MAY_12_0405/25/2012

Proposed rule of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration amends hazardous materials regulations (HMR) under 49 CFR 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, and 178 to address administrative appeals submitted in response to a Jan. 19, 2011, final rule (76 FR 3308) that aligned the HMR with various international standards. The rule also addresses recent actions by the International Civil Aviation Organization's Dangerous Good Panel regarding certain lithium ion battery-powered mobility aids offered by passengers for air transport. In addition, the rule revises the HMR to address two administrative appeals in response to a Feb. 2, 2010, final rule (75 FR 5376) that revised shipper responsibilities related to package design variation, manufacturer notification, and recordkeeping requirements for certain packaging types. Comments are due July 24, 2012. Contact: Michael Stevens; PHMSA, Office of Hazardous Materials Standards; (202-366-8553)

SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility

12VHYBRD20403/27/2012

Presentation will concentrate on a brief overview of SAE International including history, international focus and SAE electro-mobility ground vehicle standards development activities. The new era of mobility and the driving forces behind it including converging technologies and today�s drive toward �green� will be discussed. Also, standards and technology enablers for vehicle electrification including, the global landscape for EV charging standards and next generation charging method approaches will be reviewed. Additionally, an overview of SAE global EV Battery Standards and activities including industry/government collaborative efforts to develop lithium ion rechargeable energy storage system safety standards will be provided. Presenter Keith Wilson, SAE International

Wilson, Keith

New Energy Source Powers Single-Use Mil/Aero Equipment

TBMG-1226212/01/2011

Until recently, single-use high energy devices were typically powered by reserve/thermal batteries using decades-old technology. Recognizing that battery performance limitations could hinder new product development, the U.S. DoD identified a “critical need” for a new generation of high-power, long life batteries.

Composite Thermal Switch

TBMG-1221812/01/2011

Lithium primary and lithium ion secondary batteries provide high specific energy and energy density. The use of these batteries also helps to reduce launch weight. Both primary and secondary cells can be packaged as highrate cells, which can present a threat to crew and equipment in the event of external or internal short circuits. Overheating of the cell interior from high current flows induced by short circuits can result in exothermic reactions in lithium primary cells and fully charged lithium ion secondary cells. Venting of the cell case, ejection of cell components, and fire have been reported in both types of cells, resulting from abuse, cell imperfections, or faulty electronic control design.

Single chip battery management

1070711/18/2011

Single chip battery management for power tools, e bikes and other high voltage applications

Instruments, Texas

Use of Additives to Improve Performance of Methyl Butyrate-Based Lithium-Ion Electrolytes

TBMG-1136410/01/2011

This work addresses the need for robust rechargeable batteries that can operate well over a wide temperature range. To this end, a number of electrolyte formulations have been developed that incorporate the use of electrolyte additives to improve the high-temperature resilience, low-temperature power capability, and life characteristics of methyl butyrate-based electrolyte solutions. These electrolyte additives include mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium oxalate, vinylene carbonate (VC), and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), which have been shown to result in improved high-temperature resilience of all carbonate-based electrolytes.

Discussing batteries with LG Chem Hybrid Research Director Mohamed Alamgir

1001608/19/2011

Automotive Engineering International editor Matthew Monaghan interviews Mohamed Alamgir, Research Director, LG Chem Power Inc., at the SAE 2011 World Congress.

Monaghan, Matthew

Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate Phosphors

TBMG-1071208/17/2011

Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nanoparticles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.

Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate Phosphors

TBMG-TB-01071208/17/2011

{ntb_intro_text}Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including lighting. Tantalates are very promising materials because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.{/ntb_intro_text}

Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate Phosphors

TBMG-1430408/01/2011

Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nano particles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.

Thermophysical Properties of the Natural Environment, Gases, Liquids, and Solids

AIR1168/9A (Current)07/25/2011

This AIR is arranged in the following four sections: 2A - Properties of the Natural Environment 2B - Properties of Gases 2C - Properties of Liquids 2D - Properties of Solids A summary of each section is given below.

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Lithium Ion Capacitors

TP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2011_2906/11/2011

Presentation by NAVSEA on potential Navy and Marine Corps applications; performance evaluation of LIC cells; understanding performance limitations; preliminary safety evaluation and future efforts.

Smith, Patricia, Tran, Thanh, Jiang, Thomas

Ridge Waveguide Structures in Magnesium-Doped Lithium Niobate

TBMG-1014106/01/2011

This work proposes to establish the feasibility of fabricating isolated ridge waveguides in 5% MgO:LN. Ridge waveguides in MgO:LN will significantly improve power handling and conversion efficiency, increase photonic component integration, and be well suited to space-based applications. The key innovation in this effort is to combine recently available large, high-photorefractive-damage-threshold, z-cut 5% MgO:LN with novel ridge fabrication techniques to achieve high-optical power, low-cost, high-volume manufacturing of frequency conversion structures. The proposed ridge waveguide structure should maintain the characteristics of the periodically poled bulk substrate, allowing for the efficient frequency conversion typical of waveguides and the high optical damage threshold and long lifetimes typical of the 5% doped bulk substrate. The low cost and large area of 5% MgO:LN wafers, and the improved performance of the proposed ridge waveguide structure, will enhance existing measurement

Ridge Waveguide Structures in Magnesium-Doped Lithium Niobate

TBMG-TB-01014106/01/2011

Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Beam, and Polarization-Sensitive Laser Transmitter for Surface Mapping

TBMG-1002305/01/2011

A multi-beam, multi-color, polarized laser transmitter has been developed for mapping applications. It uses commercial off-the-shelf components for a low-cost approach for a ruggedized laser suitable for field deployment.

Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV Applications

TP-AAB-AABC_US_2011_3601/28/2011

Presentation by Hyundai - Kia Motors on "Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV Applications" for AABC US 2011.

Oh, Joongsek, Lim, Dokyung, Park, Jinho

Squeezing Alters Frequency Tuning of WGM Optical Resonator

TBMG-815407/01/2010

Mechanical squeezing has been found to alter the frequency tuning of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonator that has an elliptical shape and is made of lithium niobate. It may be possible to exploit this effect to design reconfigurable optical filters for optical communications and for scientific experiments involving quantum electrodynamics.

Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion Batteries

TP-AAB-AABC_US_2010_0505/21/2010

Presentation of "Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion Batteries" for AABC US 2010.

Gao, Yuan, Fitch, Brian, Li, Yangxing, Yakovleva, Marina, Petit, Scott, Arnold, Terry, Woltermann, Chris

Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides)

TP-AAB-US_2010_0605/21/2010

Presentation of "Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides) for AABC 2010 by PolyPlus Battery Company.

Visco, Steven J., Nimon, Eugene, Katz, Bruce, Chu, Mya-Ying, De Jonghe, Kytgard

Introduction of Lithium Ion into the Automotive Market

TP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2010_1702/04/2010

Advanced Automotive Batteries presentation of "Introduction of Lithium Ion into the Automotive Market" for AABC Europe 2010

Anderman, Menahem

Battery Will Provide Backup Power for Space Shuttles

TBMG-638412/01/2009

International Battery is building a battery prototype for NASA that will provide backup power in support of the space shuttle program. NASA is interested in the company’s largeformat, high-energy-density prismatic cells that provide advanced energy storage, as well as their Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS is specifically designed for large-format cells and provides increased safety through individual cell monitoring and continuous cell balancing. The entire system is being deployed as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to maintain backup power for critical ground operations.

Automotive Engineering International 2009-12-01

AUTODEC0912/01/2009

Lithium battery bonanza Lithium battery technology is finally making its way to production hybrids and planned EVs, but improvements are needed. Reader's choice: Top technology stories of 2009 The editors look back at the past year's most significant articles according to readers of Automotive Engineering International, AEI Online, and Truck & Bus Engineering Online. Sending a message Vehicle-to-vehicle communications can improve safety, but telematics may ultimately provide more impact.

Fluoroester Co-Solvents for Low-Temperature Li⁺ Cells

TBMG-562809/01/2009

Electrolytes comprising LiPF6 dissolved in alkyl carbonate/fluoroester mixtures have been found to afford improved low-temperature performance and greater high-temperature resilience in rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells. These and other electrolytes comprising lithium salts dissolved mixtures of esters have been studied in continuing research directed toward extending the lower limit of operating temperatures of such cells. This research at earlier stages, and the underlying physical and chemical principles, were reported in numerous previous NASA Tech Briefs articles.

Modular Battery Charge Controller

TBMG-557008/01/2009

A new approach to masterless, distributed, digital-charge control for batteries requiring charge control has been developed and implemented. This approach is required in battery chemistries that need cell-level charge control for safety and is characterized by the use of one controller per cell, resulting in redundant sensors for critical components, such as voltage, temperature, and current. The charge controllers in a given battery interact in a masterless fashion for the purpose of cell balancing, charge control, and state-of-charge estimation. This makes the battery system invariably fault-tolerant.

Root Cause Assessment of Pressure Drop Rise of a Packed Bed of Lithium Hydroxide in the International Space Station Trace Contaminant Control System

2009-01-243307/12/2009

The trace contaminant control system (TCCS) located in the International Space Station's (ISS) U.S. laboratory module employs physical adsorption, thermal catalytic oxidation, and chemical adsorption to remove trace chemical contamination produced by equipment offgassing and anthropogenic sources from the cabin atmosphere. The chemical adsorption stage, consisting of a packed bed of granular lithium hydroxide (LiOH), is located after the thermal catalytic oxidation stage and is designed to remove acid gas byproducts that may be formed in the upstream oxidation stage. While in service on board the ISS, the LiOH bed exhibited a change in flow resistance that leading to flow control difficulties in the TCCS. Post flight evaluation revealed LiOH granule size attrition among other changes. An experimental program was employed to investigate mechanisms hypothesized to contribute to the change in the packed bed's flow resistance. Background on the problem is summarized, including a discussion

Aguilera, Tatiana, Perry, Jay L.

Li/CFₓ Cells Optimized for Low-Temperature Operation

TBMG-540407/01/2009

Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Operation of Li-CFₓ Cells

TBMG-544707/01/2009

A report describes a study of electrolyte compositions selected as candidates for improving the low-temperature performances of primary electrochemical cells that contain lithium anodes and fluorinated carbonaceous (CFx) cathodes. This study complements the developments reported in “Additive for Low-Temperature Operation of Li-(CF)n Cells” (NPO-43579) and Li/CFx Cells Optimized for Low-Temperature Operation (NPO-43585), which appear elsewhere in this issue of NASA Tech Briefs.

Lithium Resource Availability - A Question of Demand

TP-AAB-AABC_2009_P_4106/10/2009

Some months after Industrial Minerals held its Lithium Supply & Markets event in Santiago de Chile, there’s still wringing of hands about the lithium industry’s ability to serve the growth expected from the advanced automotive battery sector. And the focus seems to be on continental brine sources -- producing and prospective – implying that some heads remain firmly in the sand concerning the very real potential for non-brine sources. Is there enough of it? Even if there is, can existing brine producers respond in good time to meet demand? What about the longer term?

Clarke, Gerry M.

Lithium, Lithium Everywhere, but Who Can make it Economical?

TP-AAB-AABC_2009_4306/10/2009

Ford presentation of "Lithium, Lithium Everywhere, but Who Can make it Economical?" at Advanced Automotive Battery Conference.

Miller, Ted J.

Silver Alloy, Brazing Filler Metal 92.5Ag - 7.2Cu - 0.22Li 1435 to 1635 °F (779 to 891 °C) Solidus-Liquidus Range

AMS4767F (Historical)06/10/2009

This specification covers a silver alloy in the form of wire, rod, sheet, strip, foil, pig, powder, shot, and chips and a viscous mixture (paste) of powder in a suitable binder.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Chemetall...the Lithium Company

TP-AAB-2009_0606/09/2009

Presentation by Chemetall for the 2009 AABC.

Buhrmester, Thorsten

Development of Anode Materials for Large-Format Applications

TP-AAB-00105/03/2009

Hitachi Chemical developed High performance artificial graphite "MAG". Now "MAG" is best selling material for mobile use world wide due to enable for higher energy density and Hitachi Chemical has top share (approximately 45%). R&D going on for not only mobile application but high power use (Power Tool, Vehicles, etc) also.

Nishida, Tatsuya

Oxide Fiber Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Cells

TBMG-344812/01/2008

LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 fibers have been investigated as alternatives to LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 powders used as lithium-intercalation compounds in cathodes of rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells. In making such a cathode, LiCoO2 or LiNiO2 powder is mixed with a binder [e.g., poly(vinylidene fluoride)] and an electrically conductive additive (usually carbon) and the mixture is pressed to form a disk. The binder and conductive additive contribute weight and volume, reducing the specific energy and energy density, respectively.

Improved Short-Circuit Protection for Power Cells in Series

TBMG-342312/01/2008

A scheme for protection against short circuits has been devised for series strings of lithium electrochemical cells that contain built-in short-circuit protection devices, which go into a high-resistance, current-limiting state when heated by excessive current. If cells are simply connected in a long series string to obtain a high voltage and a short circuit occurs, whichever short-circuit protection device trips first is exposed to nearly the full string voltage, which, typically, is large enough to damage the device. Depending on the specific cell design, the damage can defeat the protective function, cause a dangerous internal short circuit in the affected cell, and/or cascade to other cells.

Oxide Fiber Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Cells

TBMG-541712/01/2008

Improved Short-Circuit Protection for Power Cells in Series

TBMG-TB-00342311/25/2008

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