Browse Topic: Lithium

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Performance based packaging standard for lithium batteries as cargo on aircraftAS6413 (Current)11/26/2025
This standard is intended to demonstrate and document the control of the potential hazards from lithium cells or batteries (UN 3090 and 3480) when transported as cargo on aircraft. [still need to identify if we are addressing global (external fire) or local (battery internal failures)] This standard addresses the need to control the hazards which might arise from a failure from an individual cell by containing the hazards within the package. This specific hazards addressed within this standard are: • Uncontrolled fire • Rapid overpressure pulse within compartment
G-27 Lithium Battery Packaging Performance
Products of Tomorrow: September 2019TBMG-351239/1/2019
Programming Light on a ChipTBMG-346066/1/2019
Microwave signals are ubiquitous in wireless communications but interact too weakly with photons. A technique was developed to fabricate high-performance optical microstructures using lithium niobate, a material with powerful electro-optic properties. The new integrated photonics platform can store light and electrically control its frequency (or color) in an integrated circuit. The platform draws inspiration from atomic systems and could have a wide range of applications including photonic quantum information processing, optical signal processing, and microwave photonics.
Make Your Construction Jobsite Safer and Faster with Smart SensorsTBMG-338863/1/2019
Concrete is the material most widely used by humans — after water. As its ingredients are readily available almost anywhere in the world, it is the main component used by architects and engineers in the building of foundations, multi-story and high-rise structures, bridges, dams, and roads. With concrete playing such an important role throughout the globe, the longevity and strength of these structures is paramount.
Inorganic Compound for Use in Quantum ComputingTBMG-3323211/1/2018
Quantum computers will be able to solve problems well beyond the reach of existing computers while working much faster and consuming vastly less energy. An inorganic compound was developed that adopts a crystal structure capable of sustaining a new state of matter known as quantum spin liquid — an important advance toward quantum computing.
Aluminum Electroplating Using Bromide SaltsTBMG-283142/1/2018
Corrosion of structural materials is a serious problem for industrial and civil infrastructure worldwide, costing billions of dollars, and hampering gross domestic product. Corrosion also presents a threat to the environment and public safety, with highways and bridges losing structural integrity, and hazardous materials leaching into soils, waterways, and aquifers.
Deconstruction of UN38.3 into a Process Flowchart2017-01-12083/28/2017
This paper will discuss a compliance demonstration methodology for UN38.3, an international regulation which includes a series of tests that, when successfully met, ensure that lithium metal and lithium ion batteries can be safely transported. Many battery safety regulations, such as FMVSS and ECE, include post-crash criteria that are clearly defined. UN38.3 is unique in that the severity of the tests drove changes to battery design and function. Another unique aspect of UN38.3 is that the regulatory language can lead to different interpretations on how to run the tests and apply pass/fail criteria; there is enough ambiguity that the tests could be run very differently yet all meet the actual wording of the regulation. A process was created detailing exactly how to run the tests to improve consistency among test engineers. As part of this exercise, several tools were created which assist in generating a test plan that complies with the UN38.3 regulation. The requirement configuration table and flowcharts can be used to determine testing requirements at both the module (sub-assembly) and pack (end-item assembly) levels. This paper describes the process used to develop the table and flowcharts and how they can be used to help identify appropriate UN38.3 test plans.
Cooney, Kristin R.
CAE Method for Evaluating Mechanical Performance of Battery Packs under Mechanical Shock Testing2017-01-11933/28/2017
Mechanical shock tests for lithium metal and lithium-ion batteries often require that each cell or battery pack be subjected to multiple shocks in the positive and negative directions, of three mutually perpendicular orientations. This paper focuses on the no-disassembly requirement of those testing conditions and on the CAE methodology specifically developed to perform this assessment. Ford Motor Company developed a CAE analysis method to simulate this type of test and assess the possibility of cell dislodging. This CAE method helps identify and diagnose potential failure modes, thus guiding the Design Team in developing a strategy to meet the required performance under shock test loads. The final CAE-driven design focuses on the structural requirement and optimization, and leads to cost savings without compromising cell or pack mechanical performance. As an example, this method is applied to Ford Motor Company’s current generation of air-cooled, prismatic cell lithium-ion Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). Physical testing performed on the final optimized design correlated well with the CAE results thus providing validity to the simulation methodology.
Wang, Yongcai, Subramanian, Rajaram, Paramasivam, Sarav, Garfinkel, George
In search of higher-energy-content batteries16AUTP11_0711/1/2016
As suppliers, automakers, and others join forces to develop high-performance battery components aimed at increasing the range of electric vehicles, current advanced batteries are edging closer to the end of their electrified vehicle lifespan. “We've been very fortunate with almost 500,000 vehicles on the road that we haven't gotten a lot of those advanced batteries back yet. But there will be batteries coming out of service. And as technologists, as automakers, and as suppliers, we have an obligation to think through how we might use them, recognizing that the new ones cost half of what the old ones did,” said Denise Gray, CEO of LG Chem Power, Inc.
Buchholz, Kami
Effect of Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Cells: Performance and Post-Test Results2016-01-11944/5/2016
The effect of charge rate was determined using constant-current (CC) and the USABC Fast-Charge (FC) tests on commercial lithium-ion cells. Charging at high rates caused performance decline in the cells. Representing the resistance data as ΔR vs. Rn-1 plots was shown to be a viable method to remove the ambiguity inherent in the time-based analyses of the data. Comparing the ΔR vs. Rn-1 results, the change in resistance was proportional to charge rate in both the CC and FC cell data, with the FC cells displaying a greater rate of change. Changes, such as delamination, at the anode were seen in both CC and FC cells. The amount of delamination was proportional to charge rate in the CC cells. No analogous trend was seen in the FC cells; extensive delamination was seen in all cases. These changes may be due to the interaction of processes, such as lithium plating and i2R heating.
Prezas, Panos D., Somerville, L., Jennings, P, McGordon, A, Basco, J. K., Duong, T., Bloom, I.
A Novel Equivalent Circuit Model for Lithium-ion Battery with Complex Electrical Element Parameters2016-01-11974/5/2016
An equivalent circuit model for lithium-ion battery including capacitor and inductor with complex parameters is proposed. The imaginary part of the complex-valued capacitor expresses diffusion processes instead of constant phase element, which leads to a higher computational efficiency by removing the exponential variant calculation. The inductor with the complex parameter, the imaginary part accounting for the frequency-dependent magnetic hysteresis loss of battery current collectors and cables, can accurately regenerate the impedance characteristics at high frequencies with various linear slope angles to the real axis in a Nyquist plot. The fitted electrochemical impedance spectrum of a lithium iron phosphate/graphite battery with this proposed model is compared to the measured data. The maximum relative error of the impedance magnitude is 4.94% at the frequencies between 0.01 Hz and 10 kHz. The electrical component parameters of the proposed equivalent circuit model are calculated and analyzed.
Wu, Zhengbin, Weng, Rongcheng, Zhang, Zhiqun, Li, Juan
Mechanical Behavior of Lithium-Ion Battery Component Materials and Error Sources Analysis for Test Results2016-01-04004/5/2016
As mechanical damage induced thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has become one of the research hotspots, it is quite crucial to understand the mechanical behavior of component materials of lithium battery. This study focuses on the mechanical performance of separators and electrodes under different loading conditions and the error sources analysis for test results. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The strain was acquired through the combination of high speed camera and digital image correlation (DIC) method while the force was obtained with a customized load cell. Noticeable anisotropy and strain rate effect were observed for separators. The fracture mode of separators is highly correlated to the microscopic fiber orientation. To demonstrate the correlation microscopic images of separator material were obtained through SEM to match the facture edges of tensile tests at different loading directions. Coated electrode materials show higher fracture strength and higher elongation compared to decoated materials in uniaxial tensile tests. Electrode materials show relatively slight strain rate effect, and no apparent anisotropy was found in their test results. An error analysis program was developed through MATLAB to estimate the standard uncertainty of the results. Input quantities such as initial dimensions of specimen and measured load, fast Fourier transform (FFT) of acquired data and deviation of repeated measurements were taken into consideration as main error sources. Contribution of these sources was evaluated and the results turn out that the low-order magnitude of external force and dimension lead to high level FFT smoothing uncertainty and measurement uncertainty, respectively.
Jiang, Xuqian, Luo, Hailing, Xia, Yong, Zhou, Qing
Lithium Battery PackTBMG-239772/1/2016
800-537-1368
An Analysis of Heat Generation in a Lithium Ion Cell2015-01-24209/15/2015
The heat generation rate of a lithium ion cell was estimated using a reversible heat generation rate equation. Because the equation is based on the energy conservation law, the influence of kinetically slow processes should be considered. In this analysis, the influence of kinetically slow processes is present but it is small within the domain of the test measurements. This approximation can be of significant usefulness for modeling the thermal response of single cells and multi-cell batteries.
Catherino, Henry A.
Domain-Engineered Magnesium-Oxide-Doped Lithium Niobate for Lidar-Based Remote SensingTBMG-224287/1/2015
There are several frequency conversion applications associated with lidar-based remote sensing that would benefit from the use of high-quality, complex (i.e., chirped, multi-section, or otherwise modulated) domain-engineered magnesiumoxide- doped lithium niobate (MgO:LN). While congruently melting lithium niobate (CLN) has been explored in detail over the last decades, it is known to be highly susceptible to photorefractive damage, which has limited the achievable performance of some QPM-assisted (quasi phase matching) structures that are commercially available. The demand for high-performance engineered nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, in terms of power handling, efficiency, conversion bandwidth, and accessible wavelength range, has driven the development of high-quality, large-area wafers of MgO:LN. While commercial outlets for these materials exist, there is still a need to expand the achievable performance of these structures (i.e. larger aperture bulk structures, higher efficiency waveguide structures, and implementation of sophisticated poling designs that increase achievable conversion bandwidths).
Lithium Fluoride as a Polysulfide Shuttle Inhibitor for Lithium Sulfur ChemistryTBMG-221996/1/2015
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
Effect of Current and SOC on Round-Trip Energy Efficiency of a Lithium-Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery Pack2015-01-11864/14/2015
While equivalent circuit modeling is an effective way to model the performance of automotive Li-ion batteries, in some applications it is more convenient to refer to round-trip energy efficiency. Energy efficiency of either cells or full packs is seldom documented by manufacturers in enough detail to provide an accurate impression of this metric over a range of operating conditions. The energy efficiency of a full battery pack may also be subject to more variables than would be represented by extrapolating results obtained from a single cell, and can be more demanding to measure in an accurate and consistent manner. Roundtrip energy efficiency of a 22.8-kWh A123 Li-ion (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4) battery pack was measured by applying a fixed quantity of charge and discharge current between 0.2C and 2C rates and at SOCs between 10% and 90% at an average temperature of 23°C.
Safoutin, Michael, Cherry, Jeff, McDonald, Joseph, Lee, SoDuk
Electrochemically Powered Vehicles: Current Possibilities and Investigation of the Li-O2 Electrochemical Reaction on Catalyst Surfaces: Implications for a Metal-Air Battery2015-01-11794/14/2015
Significant research has been underway for many years to develop technologies to electrochemically power vehicles with limited success. Unfortunately, most technologies fail to achieve theoretical performance and/or are prohibitively too expensive for mass marketed vehicles. Most of the issues with electrochemical technologies can ultimately be attributed to materials issues, whether it is cost, durability, or activity. A broad examination of potential electrochemical technologies is provided identifying key materials issues with each. Included are the results of recent research involving lithium-oxygen batteries. The observations from this research have identified the electrochemical product, lithium peroxide, and its properties to be the most pressing material issue for lithium-oxygen battery. A future research vision is proposed counter to the current research trend of electrocatalyst/electrolyte development. The focus will be to understand the formation of lithium peroxide and subsequent control of its electrical properties by attempting to control the structure and morphology of the desired product and reduce parasitic reactions.
Brooks, Christopher J., Kreidler, Eric
Securaplane Rechargeable Lithium Battery Systems2014-01-22169/16/2014
Rechargeable lithium batteries are essentially ubiquitous in our daily lives and in virtually every industry from pocket key fobs to billion dollar space programs, in benign as well as extreme environments. Cell production in 2012 was estimated at 4.4 billion cells and expected to double by 2016. However within civil aviation, lithium batteries are still in the early stages of deployment. The general consensus within the industry is that the use of lithium batteries within civil aviation will increase substantially in the coming years. This paper focuses on design considerations with respect to deployment of rechargeable, or secondary, lithium batteries within civil aviation.
Boost, Mike
The Performance Effects of Edge-Based Heat Transfer on Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Compared to Face-Based Systems2014-01-18664/1/2014
Optimizing the hardware design and control strategies of thermal management systems (TMS) in battery packs using large format pouch cells is a difficult but important problem due to the limited understanding of how internal temperature distributions impact the performance and lifetime of the pack. Understanding these impacts is difficult due to the greatly varying length and time scales between the coupled phenomena, causing the need for complex and computationally expensive models. Here, an experimental investigation is performed in which a set of fixed one-dimensional temperature distributions are applied across the face of a Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM) cathode lithium ion pouch cell in order to study the performance impacts. Effects on the open circuit voltage (OCV), Ohmic resistance, bulk discharge and charge resistance and instantaneous power are investigated. It is observed that temperature gradients have a negative impact on the bulk performance by lowering the OCV and also increasing the bulk discharge resistance. These negative effects are particularly apparent at lower average temperatures. The implications may be that higher TMS heat transfer rates are possible at higher average cell temperatures, where the gradients have a reduced effect on performance. These results are preliminary and ongoing work is being pursued to develop an understanding of the particular physical phenomena that are affected as well as the lifetime impacts.
Klein, Matthew, Tong, Shijie, Park, Jae Wan
Li-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybrid Design for Long Extravehicular ActivitiesTBMG-171829/1/2013
With the need for long periods of extravehicular activities (EVAs) on the Moon or Mars or a near-asteroid, the need for long-performance batteries has increased significantly. The energy requirements for the EVA suit, as well as surface systems such as rovers, have increased significantly due to the number of applications they need to power at the same time. However, even with the best state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, it is not possible to power the suit or the rovers for the extended period of performance. Carrying a charging system along with the batteries makes it cumbersome and requires a self-contained power source for the charging system that is usually not possible. An innovative method to charge and use the Li-ion batteries for long periods seems to be necessary and hence, with the advent of the Li-ion supercapacitors, a method has been developed to extend the performance period of the Li-ion power system for future exploration applications.
High-Power, High-Speed Electro-Optic Pockels Cell ModulatorTBMG-172029/1/2013
Electro-optic modulators rely on a change in the index of refraction for the optical wave as a function of an applied voltage. The corresponding change in index acts to delay the wavefront in the waveguide. The goal of this work was to develop a high-speed, highpower waveguide-based modulator (phase and amplitude) and investigate its use as a pulse slicer. The key innovation in this effort is the use of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguides, making the high-power, polarization- based waveguide amplitude modulator possible. Furthermore, because it is fabricated in KTP, the waveguide component will withstand high optical power and have a significantly higher RF modulation figure of merit (FOM) relative to lithium niobate. KTP waveguides support highpower TE and TM modes — a necessary requirement for polarization-based modulation as with a Pockels cell.
Model-Based Analysis of Cell Balancing of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles2013-01-17554/8/2013
Cell balancing is a key function of battery management system (BMS) that is implemented to maximize the battery's available capacity and service life. The increasing demand of larger and better performance pack has raised the need to investigate the various cell balancing techniques so that the energy of the battery can be fully realized. In this work we develop a phenomenological model in order to quantify the benefits of passive balancing and active balancing. The electrical response of a model pack consisting of serially connected lithium ion cells is simulated with Matlab. The effects of the variance of cell capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rates, pack configuration and size are studied. The possible optimization rooms for implementing passive and active balancing are suggested.
Zhang, Zhenli, Sisk, Brian
Simplified Extended Kalman Filter Observer for SOC Estimation of Commercial Power-Oriented LFP Lithium Battery Cells2013-01-15444/8/2013
The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell chemistry is finding wide acceptance for energy storage on-board hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), due to its high intrinsic safety, fast charging, and long cycle life. However, three main challenges need to be addressed for the accurate estimation of their state of charge (SOC) at runtime: Long voltage relaxation time to reach its open circuit voltage (OCV) after a current pulse Time-, temperature- and SOC-dependent hysteresis Very flat OCV-SOC curve for most of the SOC range In view of these problems, traditional SOC estimation techniques such as coulomb counting with error correction using the SOC-OCV correlation curve are not suitable for this chemistry. This work addressed these challenges with a novel combination of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, a two-RC-block equivalent circuit and the traditional coulomb counting method. The simplified implementation of the EKF algorithm offers a computationally efficient option for runtime SOC evaluation on-board vehicles. The SOC estimation was validated with experimental data of a current profile contaminated with pseudo-random noise and with an offset in the initial condition. The model rapidly converged to within 4% of the true SOC even with imposed errors of 40% to initial SOC, 24% to current measurement and 6% to voltage measurement.
Huria, Tarun, Ceraolo, Massimo, Gazzarri, Javier, Jackey, Robyn
Lithium Batteries for Medical ApplicationsTBMG-1511011/1/2012
The element lithium possesses fundamental properties that make it ideal for use as the anode in both primary and rechargeable batteries. Vendors have paired the popular lithium anode with a variety of cathode and electrolyte materials, resulting in the wide choice of different chemistries available today. This article discusses the types of primary lithium batteries commonly used for medical applications and introduces a new type based on recent innovations in materials and manufacturing processes. Information about the basic properties, advantages, and disadvantages are provided for each battery type.
Automotive Engineering International 2012-09-0412AEID09049/4/2012
The Lexus rises again Kiyotaka Ise is leading the effort to redefine the Toyota luxury brand with 'Lexus emotionality.' Hyundai powers ahead Dr. Woong-Chul Yang, Vice Chairman, Hyundai Motor, and the head of Hyundai-Kia R&D, explains how his company is striving to be the most-loved, but not necessarily the biggest car company-with the help of technology and powertrain leadership from Seong-Hyon Park, Hyundai's President of Powertrain. Next-generation lithium batteries step forward Developmental solid-state lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries could one day provide ample EV power.
SAE Vehicle Electrification 2012-06-2612EVSD06266/26/2012
Argonne heats up Li-ion battery research The U.S. Department of Energy lab near Chicago is using federal stimulus money to dive deeper into lithium battery research. Lithium-ion battery industry moves forward From technology advances to manufacturing capacity expansions, the foundation of the lithium-ion battery industry is becoming stronger and more viable.
New Energy Source Powers Single-Use Mil/Aero EquipmentTBMG-1226212/1/2011
Until recently, single-use high energy devices were typically powered by reserve/thermal batteries using decades-old technology. Recognizing that battery performance limitations could hinder new product development, the U.S. DoD identified a “critical need” for a new generation of high-power, long life batteries.
Composite Thermal SwitchTBMG-1221812/1/2011
Lithium primary and lithium ion secondary batteries provide high specific energy and energy density. The use of these batteries also helps to reduce launch weight. Both primary and secondary cells can be packaged as highrate cells, which can present a threat to crew and equipment in the event of external or internal short circuits. Overheating of the cell interior from high current flows induced by short circuits can result in exothermic reactions in lithium primary cells and fully charged lithium ion secondary cells. Venting of the cell case, ejection of cell components, and fire have been reported in both types of cells, resulting from abuse, cell imperfections, or faulty electronic control design.
Use of Additives to Improve Performance of Methyl Butyrate-Based Lithium-Ion ElectrolytesTBMG-1136410/1/2011
This work addresses the need for robust rechargeable batteries that can operate well over a wide temperature range. To this end, a number of electrolyte formulations have been developed that incorporate the use of electrolyte additives to improve the high-temperature resilience, low-temperature power capability, and life characteristics of methyl butyrate-based electrolyte solutions. These electrolyte additives include mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium oxalate, vinylene carbonate (VC), and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), which have been shown to result in improved high-temperature resilience of all carbonate-based electrolytes.
Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate PhosphorsTBMG-107128/17/2011
Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nanoparticles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.
Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate PhosphorsTBMG-143048/1/2011
Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nano particles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.
Thermophysical Properties of the Natural Environment, Gases, Liquids, and SolidsAIR1168/9A (Current)7/25/2011
This AIR is arranged in the following four sections: 2A - Properties of the Natural Environment 2B - Properties of Gases 2C - Properties of Liquids 2D - Properties of Solids A summary of each section is given below.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Lithium Ion CapacitorsTP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2011_296/11/2011
Presentation by NAVSEA on potential Navy and Marine Corps applications; performance evaluation of LIC cells; understanding performance limitations; preliminary safety evaluation and future efforts.
Smith, Patricia, Tran, Thanh, Jiang, Thomas
Ridge Waveguide Structures in Magnesium-Doped Lithium NiobateTBMG-101416/1/2011
This work proposes to establish the feasibility of fabricating isolated ridge waveguides in 5% MgO:LN. Ridge waveguides in MgO:LN will significantly improve power handling and conversion efficiency, increase photonic component integration, and be well suited to space-based applications. The key innovation in this effort is to combine recently available large, high-photorefractive-damage-threshold, z-cut 5% MgO:LN with novel ridge fabrication techniques to achieve high-optical power, low-cost, high-volume manufacturing of frequency conversion structures. The proposed ridge waveguide structure should maintain the characteristics of the periodically poled bulk substrate, allowing for the efficient frequency conversion typical of waveguides and the high optical damage threshold and long lifetimes typical of the 5% doped bulk substrate. The low cost and large area of 5% MgO:LN wafers, and the improved performance of the proposed ridge waveguide structure, will enhance existing measurement capabilities as well as reduce the resources required to achieve high-performance specifications.
Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Beam, and Polarization-Sensitive Laser Transmitter for Surface MappingTBMG-100235/1/2011
A multi-beam, multi-color, polarized laser transmitter has been developed for mapping applications. It uses commercial off-the-shelf components for a low-cost approach for a ruggedized laser suitable for field deployment.
Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV ApplicationsTP-AAB-AABC_US_2011_361/28/2011
Presentation by Hyundai - Kia Motors on "Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV Applications" for AABC US 2011.
Oh, Joongsek, Lim, Dokyung, Park, Jinho
Squeezing Alters Frequency Tuning of WGM Optical ResonatorTBMG-81547/1/2010
Mechanical squeezing has been found to alter the frequency tuning of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonator that has an elliptical shape and is made of lithium niobate. It may be possible to exploit this effect to design reconfigurable optical filters for optical communications and for scientific experiments involving quantum electrodynamics.
Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides)TP-AAB-US_2010_065/21/2010
Presentation of "Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides) for AABC 2010 by PolyPlus Battery Company.
Visco, Steven J., Nimon, Eugene, Katz, Bruce, Chu, Mya-Ying, De Jonghe, Kytgard
Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion BatteriesTP-AAB-AABC_US_2010_055/21/2010
Presentation of "Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion Batteries" for AABC US 2010.
Gao, Yuan, Fitch, Brian, Li, Yangxing, Yakovleva, Marina, Petit, Scott, Arnold, Terry, Woltermann, Chris
Introduction of Lithium Ion into the Automotive MarketTP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2010_172/4/2010
Advanced Automotive Batteries presentation of "Introduction of Lithium Ion into the Automotive Market" for AABC Europe 2010
Anderman, Menahem
Battery Will Provide Backup Power for Space ShuttlesTBMG-638412/1/2009
International Battery is building a battery prototype for NASA that will provide backup power in support of the space shuttle program. NASA is interested in the company’s largeformat, high-energy-density prismatic cells that provide advanced energy storage, as well as their Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS is specifically designed for large-format cells and provides increased safety through individual cell monitoring and continuous cell balancing. The entire system is being deployed as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to maintain backup power for critical ground operations.
Fluoroester Co-Solvents for Low-Temperature Li⁺ CellsTBMG-56289/1/2009
Electrolytes comprising LiPF6 dissolved in alkyl carbonate/fluoroester mixtures have been found to afford improved low-temperature performance and greater high-temperature resilience in rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells. These and other electrolytes comprising lithium salts dissolved mixtures of esters have been studied in continuing research directed toward extending the lower limit of operating temperatures of such cells. This research at earlier stages, and the underlying physical and chemical principles, were reported in numerous previous NASA Tech Briefs articles.
Modular Battery Charge ControllerTBMG-55708/1/2009
A new approach to masterless, distributed, digital-charge control for batteries requiring charge control has been developed and implemented. This approach is required in battery chemistries that need cell-level charge control for safety and is characterized by the use of one controller per cell, resulting in redundant sensors for critical components, such as voltage, temperature, and current. The charge controllers in a given battery interact in a masterless fashion for the purpose of cell balancing, charge control, and state-of-charge estimation. This makes the battery system invariably fault-tolerant.
Root Cause Assessment of Pressure Drop Rise of a Packed Bed of Lithium Hydroxide in the International Space Station Trace Contaminant Control System2009-01-24337/12/2009
The trace contaminant control system (TCCS) located in the International Space Station's (ISS) U.S. laboratory module employs physical adsorption, thermal catalytic oxidation, and chemical adsorption to remove trace chemical contamination produced by equipment offgassing and anthropogenic sources from the cabin atmosphere. The chemical adsorption stage, consisting of a packed bed of granular lithium hydroxide (LiOH), is located after the thermal catalytic oxidation stage and is designed to remove acid gas byproducts that may be formed in the upstream oxidation stage. While in service on board the ISS, the LiOH bed exhibited a change in flow resistance that leading to flow control difficulties in the TCCS. Post flight evaluation revealed LiOH granule size attrition among other changes. An experimental program was employed to investigate mechanisms hypothesized to contribute to the change in the packed bed's flow resistance. Background on the problem is summarized, including a discussion of likely mechanisms. The experimental program is described, results are presented, and implications for the future are discussed.
Aguilera, Tatiana, Perry, Jay L.
Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Operation of Li-CFₓ CellsTBMG-54477/1/2009
A report describes a study of electrolyte compositions selected as candidates for improving the low-temperature performances of primary electrochemical cells that contain lithium anodes and fluorinated carbonaceous (CFx) cathodes. This study complements the developments reported in “Additive for Low-Temperature Operation of Li-(CF)n Cells” (NPO-43579) and Li/CFx Cells Optimized for Low-Temperature Operation (NPO-43585), which appear elsewhere in this issue of NASA Tech Briefs.
Li/CFₓ Cells Optimized for Low-Temperature OperationTBMG-54047/1/2009
Lithium Resource Availability - A Question of DemandTP-AAB-AABC_2009_P_416/10/2009
Some months after Industrial Minerals held its Lithium Supply & Markets event in Santiago de Chile, there’s still wringing of hands about the lithium industry’s ability to serve the growth expected from the advanced automotive battery sector. And the focus seems to be on continental brine sources -- producing and prospective – implying that some heads remain firmly in the sand concerning the very real potential for non-brine sources. Is there enough of it? Even if there is, can existing brine producers respond in good time to meet demand? What about the longer term?
Clarke, Gerry M.
Lithium, Lithium Everywhere, but Who Can make it Economical?TP-AAB-AABC_2009_436/10/2009
Ford presentation of "Lithium, Lithium Everywhere, but Who Can make it Economical?" at Advanced Automotive Battery Conference.
Miller, Ted J.
Silver Alloy, Brazing Filler Metal 92.5Ag - 7.2Cu - 0.22Li 1435 to 1635 °F (779 to 891 °C) Solidus-Liquidus RangeAMS4767F (Historical)6/10/2009
This specification covers a silver alloy in the form of wire, rod, sheet, strip, foil, pig, powder, shot, and chips and a viscous mixture (paste) of powder in a suitable binder.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
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