Browse Topic: Lithium

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Development and Validation of a Reduced Order Model Incorporating a Semi-Empirical Degradation Model for Pouch Type LiFePO 4 /Graphite Cells2017-01-121804/23/2025
We propose a reduced order model (ROM) for LFP/graphite cells derived from the electrochemical thermal principles that considers degradation effects and validated against experimental data obtained from a large format pouch type LFP/graphite cell whose nominal capacity is 20Ah. The characteristics of the two-phase transition and path dependence were taken into account in the ROM using a shrinking-core model with a moving interface that presents lithium rich and deficient phase. Different currents (0.1/1/3/4C) were applied to fresh cells at different ambient temperatures (25/35/45°C). Comparison between simulated results of the ROM and the collected experimental data shows a good match. The path dependence was also analyzed experimentally. For degradation model, side reaction is treated as the predominant cause of degradation of cells, which are affected by the operating conditions, such as temperature and SOC cycling range. At every 30 or 40 cycles, the capacity and impedance of five
ZHAO, XINCHEN, Bi, Yalan, Choe, Song-Yul
Crafting Safe, Long-Cyclable Lithium Metal Batteries for High TemperaturesTBMG-5213912/01/2024
Existing commercial battery technologies, which use liquid electrolytes and carbonaceous anodes, have certain drawbacks such as safety concerns, limited lifespan, and inadequate power density particularly at high temperatures. This has prompted researchers to search for solid electrolytes that are safe and compatible with lithium metal anodes, which are known for their high theoretical specific power capacity.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Autonomous Mining Critical to Global Demand for Minerals1337112/12/2022
With the exponential rise in EV adoption comes a surge in global demand for minerals like graphite, lithium, nickel and cobalt. To keep pace, more mines around the world are needed to get up and running quickly. Enter SafeAI, a company accelerating the world's transition to autonomous mining and construction. By retrofitting heavy duty vehicles and site operations with autonomous technology, SafeAI enables safer, more productive, and more cost-efficient worksites. In terms of supporting the EV supply chain, SafeAI's autonomously operating assets can significantly expedite the development of a mine, which typically takes up to 10 years. Enabled by autonomy, each vehicle can add approximately 1,000 additional hours of productivity per year. We sat down with Bibhrajit Halder, Founder & CEO of SafeAI, to discuss the global state of mining, the move to zero-emission vehicles, and the future of autonomous mining and construction in an era of massive industry adoption.
Hineman, Marcie
Battery Thermal Management Simulation - 1D+1D Electrochemical Battery and 3D Module Modeling on Vehicle System Level2021-01-075704/06/2021
Approaching engineering limits for the thermal design of battery modules requires virtual prototyping and appropriate models with respect to physical depth and computational effort. A multi-scale and multi-domain model describes the electrochemical behavior of a single battery unit cell in 1D+1D at the level of intra-cell phenomena, and it applies a 3D thermal model at module level. Both models are connected within a common vehicle simulation platform. The models are discussed with special emphasis on battery degradation such as solid electrolyte interphase layer formation, decomposition and lithium plating. The performance of the electrochemical model is assessed by discharge cycles and repeated charge/discharge simulations. The thermal module model is compared to CFD reference data and studied with respect to its grid sensitivity. The temperature evolution of a module is simulated for enabled and disabled degradation equations revealing a very high impact of the degradation equations
Wurzenberger, Johann C., Jelovic, Mario, Šimundić, Mate, Mele, Igor, Katrasnik, Tomaz
Development of an In-Situ Diagnostic to Detect Lithium Plating in Commercial Automotive Battery Cells2021-01-074904/06/2021
Lithium plating refers to the phenomenon where lithium metal is deposited onto the surface of the anode instead of being intercalated into the carbon sites of the graphite. The lithium metal will cover a portion of the surface area of the anode, which blocks intercalation sites and increases charge gradients. Lithium plating most often occurs when charging the battery at low ambient temperatures or at a high current rate, but lithium plating formation has also been linked to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth towards the later stages of life. Lithium plating may significantly reduce a battery cell’s performance in terms of charge capacity, and if severe enough, the lithium metal may form a bridge across the separator of the cell, leading to short circuits and potential safety concerns. The internal research performed by Southwest Research Institute explored how to create a battery model to detect the formation of lithium plating in real time. In conjunction with the battery model
Surampudi, Bapiraju, Jones, Kevin, Bhattacharyya, Shuvodeep
Coating Extends Lithium Metal Battery LifeTBMG-3638204/01/2020
The rechargeable lithium metal battery has been plagued by short life expectancy and occasional fires. To combat these problems, a new coating significantly extends the battery’s life. To deal with the combustion issue, the coating greatly limits the tiny needlelike structures — or dendrites — that pierce the separator between the battery’s positive and negative sides. In addition to ruining the battery, dendrites can create a short circuit within the battery’s flammable liquid. Lithium-ion batteries occasionally have the same problem but dendrites have been a non-starter for lithium metal rechargeable batteries to date. Dendrites also have prevented lithium metal batteries from being used in what may be the next generation of electric vehicles.
Products of Tomorrow: September 2019TBMG-3512309/01/2019
Aluminum Electroplating Using Bromide SaltsTBMG-2831402/01/2018
Corrosion of structural materials is a serious problem for industrial and civil infrastructure worldwide, costing billions of dollars, and hampering gross domestic product. Corrosion also presents a threat to the environment and public safety, with highways and bridges losing structural integrity, and hazardous materials leaching into soils, waterways, and aquifers.
CAE Method for Evaluating Mechanical Performance of Battery Packs under Mechanical Shock Testing2017-01-119303/28/2017
Mechanical shock tests for lithium metal and lithium-ion batteries often require that each cell or battery pack be subjected to multiple shocks in the positive and negative directions, of three mutually perpendicular orientations. This paper focuses on the no-disassembly requirement of those testing conditions and on the CAE methodology specifically developed to perform this assessment. Ford Motor Company developed a CAE analysis method to simulate this type of test and assess the possibility of cell dislodging. This CAE method helps identify and diagnose potential failure modes, thus guiding the Design Team in developing a strategy to meet the required performance under shock test loads. The final CAE-driven design focuses on the structural requirement and optimization, and leads to cost savings without compromising cell or pack mechanical performance. As an example, this method is applied to Ford Motor Company’s current generation of air-cooled, prismatic cell lithium-ion Plug-in
Wang, Yongcai, Subramanian, Rajaram, Paramasivam, Sarav, Garfinkel, George
Deconstruction of UN38.3 into a Process Flowchart2017-01-120803/28/2017
This paper will discuss a compliance demonstration methodology for UN38.3, an international regulation which includes a series of tests that, when successfully met, ensure that lithium metal and lithium ion batteries can be safely transported. Many battery safety regulations, such as FMVSS and ECE, include post-crash criteria that are clearly defined. UN38.3 is unique in that the severity of the tests drove changes to battery design and function. Another unique aspect of UN38.3 is that the regulatory language can lead to different interpretations on how to run the tests and apply pass/fail criteria; there is enough ambiguity that the tests could be run very differently yet all meet the actual wording of the regulation. A process was created detailing exactly how to run the tests to improve consistency among test engineers. As part of this exercise, several tools were created which assist in generating a test plan that complies with the UN38.3 regulation. The requirement configuration
Cooney, Kristin R.
In search of higher-energy-content batteries16AUTP11_0711/01/2016
As suppliers, automakers, and others join forces to develop high-performance battery components aimed at increasing the range of electric vehicles, current advanced batteries are edging closer to the end of their electrified vehicle lifespan. “We've been very fortunate with almost 500,000 vehicles on the road that we haven't gotten a lot of those advanced batteries back yet. But there will be batteries coming out of service. And as technologists, as automakers, and as suppliers, we have an obligation to think through how we might use them, recognizing that the new ones cost half of what the old ones did,” said Denise Gray, CEO of LG Chem Power, Inc.
Buchholz, Kami
Mechanical Behavior of Lithium-Ion Battery Component Materials and Error Sources Analysis for Test Results2016-01-040004/05/2016
As mechanical damage induced thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has become one of the research hotspots, it is quite crucial to understand the mechanical behavior of component materials of lithium battery. This study focuses on the mechanical performance of separators and electrodes under different loading conditions and the error sources analysis for test results. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The strain was acquired through the combination of high speed camera and digital image correlation (DIC) method while the force was obtained with a customized load cell. Noticeable anisotropy and strain rate effect were observed for separators. The fracture mode of separators is highly correlated to the microscopic fiber orientation. To demonstrate the correlation microscopic images of separator material were obtained through SEM to match the facture edges of tensile tests at different loading directions. Coated electrode
Jiang, Xuqian, Luo, Hailing, Xia, Yong, Zhou, Qing
A Novel Equivalent Circuit Model for Lithium-ion Battery with Complex Electrical Element Parameters2016-01-119704/05/2016
An equivalent circuit model for lithium-ion battery including capacitor and inductor with complex parameters is proposed. The imaginary part of the complex-valued capacitor expresses diffusion processes instead of constant phase element, which leads to a higher computational efficiency by removing the exponential variant calculation. The inductor with the complex parameter, the imaginary part accounting for the frequency-dependent magnetic hysteresis loss of battery current collectors and cables, can accurately regenerate the impedance characteristics at high frequencies with various linear slope angles to the real axis in a Nyquist plot. The fitted electrochemical impedance spectrum of a lithium iron phosphate/graphite battery with this proposed model is compared to the measured data. The maximum relative error of the impedance magnitude is 4.94% at the frequencies between 0.01 Hz and 10 kHz. The electrical component parameters of the proposed equivalent circuit model are calculated
Wu, Zhengbin, Weng, Rongcheng, Zhang, Zhiqun, Li, Juan
Effect of Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Cells: Performance and Post-Test Results2016-01-119404/05/2016
The effect of charge rate was determined using constant-current (CC) and the USABC Fast-Charge (FC) tests on commercial lithium-ion cells. Charging at high rates caused performance decline in the cells. Representing the resistance data as ΔR vs. Rn-1 plots was shown to be a viable method to remove the ambiguity inherent in the time-based analyses of the data. Comparing the ΔR vs. Rn-1 results, the change in resistance was proportional to charge rate in both the CC and FC cell data, with the FC cells displaying a greater rate of change. Changes, such as delamination, at the anode were seen in both CC and FC cells. The amount of delamination was proportional to charge rate in the CC cells. No analogous trend was seen in the FC cells; extensive delamination was seen in all cases. These changes may be due to the interaction of processes, such as lithium plating and i2R heating.
Prezas, Panos D., Somerville, L., Jennings, P, McGordon, A, Basco, J. K., Duong, T., Bloom, I.
Lithium Battery PackTBMG-2397702/01/2016
800-537-1368
An Analysis of Heat Generation in a Lithium Ion Cell2015-01-242009/15/2015
The heat generation rate of a lithium ion cell was estimated using a reversible heat generation rate equation. Because the equation is based on the energy conservation law, the influence of kinetically slow processes should be considered. In this analysis, the influence of kinetically slow processes is present but it is small within the domain of the test measurements. This approximation can be of significant usefulness for modeling the thermal response of single cells and multi-cell batteries.
Catherino, Henry A.
Lithium Fluoride as a Polysulfide Shuttle Inhibitor for Lithium Sulfur ChemistryTBMG-2219906/01/2015
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
Effect of Current and SOC on Round-Trip Energy Efficiency of a Lithium-Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery Pack2015-01-118604/14/2015
While equivalent circuit modeling is an effective way to model the performance of automotive Li-ion batteries, in some applications it is more convenient to refer to round-trip energy efficiency. Energy efficiency of either cells or full packs is seldom documented by manufacturers in enough detail to provide an accurate impression of this metric over a range of operating conditions. The energy efficiency of a full battery pack may also be subject to more variables than would be represented by extrapolating results obtained from a single cell, and can be more demanding to measure in an accurate and consistent manner. Roundtrip energy efficiency of a 22.8-kWh A123 Li-ion (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4) battery pack was measured by applying a fixed quantity of charge and discharge current between 0.2C and 2C rates and at SOCs between 10% and 90% at an average temperature of 23°C.
Safoutin, Michael, Cherry, Jeff, McDonald, Joseph, Lee, SoDuk
Electrochemically Powered Vehicles: Current Possibilities and Investigation of the Li-O2 Electrochemical Reaction on Catalyst Surfaces: Implications for a Metal-Air Battery2015-01-117904/14/2015
Significant research has been underway for many years to develop technologies to electrochemically power vehicles with limited success. Unfortunately, most technologies fail to achieve theoretical performance and/or are prohibitively too expensive for mass marketed vehicles. Most of the issues with electrochemical technologies can ultimately be attributed to materials issues, whether it is cost, durability, or activity. A broad examination of potential electrochemical technologies is provided identifying key materials issues with each. Included are the results of recent research involving lithium-oxygen batteries. The observations from this research have identified the electrochemical product, lithium peroxide, and its properties to be the most pressing material issue for lithium-oxygen battery. A future research vision is proposed counter to the current research trend of electrocatalyst/electrolyte development. The focus will be to understand the formation of lithium peroxide and
Brooks, Christopher J., Kreidler, Eric
Securaplane Rechargeable Lithium Battery Systems2014-01-221609/16/2014
Rechargeable lithium batteries are essentially ubiquitous in our daily lives and in virtually every industry from pocket key fobs to billion dollar space programs, in benign as well as extreme environments. Cell production in 2012 was estimated at 4.4 billion cells and expected to double by 2016. However within civil aviation, lithium batteries are still in the early stages of deployment. The general consensus within the industry is that the use of lithium batteries within civil aviation will increase substantially in the coming years. This paper focuses on design considerations with respect to deployment of rechargeable, or secondary, lithium batteries within civil aviation.
Boost, Mike
The Performance Effects of Edge-Based Heat Transfer on Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Compared to Face-Based Systems2014-01-186604/01/2014
Optimizing the hardware design and control strategies of thermal management systems (TMS) in battery packs using large format pouch cells is a difficult but important problem due to the limited understanding of how internal temperature distributions impact the performance and lifetime of the pack. Understanding these impacts is difficult due to the greatly varying length and time scales between the coupled phenomena, causing the need for complex and computationally expensive models. Here, an experimental investigation is performed in which a set of fixed one-dimensional temperature distributions are applied across the face of a Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM) cathode lithium ion pouch cell in order to study the performance impacts. Effects on the open circuit voltage (OCV), Ohmic resistance, bulk discharge and charge resistance and instantaneous power are investigated. It is observed that temperature gradients have a negative impact on the bulk performance by lowering the OCV and also
Klein, Matthew, Tong, Shijie, Park, Jae Wan
Reliability Improvement of Lithium Cells Using Laser Welding Process with Design of Experiments2013-01-220109/17/2013
Manufacturing operations introduce unreliability into hardware that is not ordinarily accounted for by reliability design engineering efforts. Inspections and test procedures normally interwoven into fabrication processes are imperfect, and allow defects to escape which later result in field failures. Therefore, if the reliability that is designed and developed into an equipment/system is to be achieved, efforts must be applied during production to insure that reliability is built into the hardware. There are various ways to improve the reliability of a product. These include: Simplification Stress reduction/strength enhancement Design Improvement Using higher quality components Environmental Stress Screening before shipment Process Improvements, etc. This paper concentrates on ‘Manufacturing Process Improvement’ effort through the use of design of experiments, (DOE). Hence, improved levels of reliability can be achieved. Most applications optimize the mean value of a response variable
Benhabib, Joshua
Processing CSeries Aircraft Panels2013-01-214909/17/2013
Bombardier faced new manufacturing process challenges drilling and fastening CSeries* aircraft panels with multi-material stacks of composite (CFRP), titanium and aluminum in which Gemcor responded with a unique, flexible CNC Drivmatic® automatic fastening system, now in production at Bombardier. This joint technical paper is presented by Bombardier, expounding on manufacturing process challenges with the C Series aircraft design requirements and Gemcor presenting a unique solution to automatically fasten CFRP aft fuselage panels and aluminum lithium (Al Li) cockpit panels with the same CNC Drivmatic® system. After installation and preliminary acceptance at Bombardier, the CNC system was further enhanced to automatically fasten the carbon fiber pressure bulkhead dome assembly.
Barton, Eric, Rummell, Thomas, Grenier, Daniel
Li-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybrid Design for Long Extravehicular ActivitiesTBMG-1718209/01/2013
With the need for long periods of extravehicular activities (EVAs) on the Moon or Mars or a near-asteroid, the need for long-performance batteries has increased significantly. The energy requirements for the EVA suit, as well as surface systems such as rovers, have increased significantly due to the number of applications they need to power at the same time. However, even with the best state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, it is not possible to power the suit or the rovers for the extended period of performance. Carrying a charging system along with the batteries makes it cumbersome and requires a self-contained power source for the charging system that is usually not possible. An innovative method to charge and use the Li-ion batteries for long periods seems to be necessary and hence, with the advent of the Li-ion supercapacitors, a method has been developed to extend the performance period of the Li-ion power system for future exploration applications.
High-Power, High-Speed Electro-Optic Pockels Cell ModulatorTBMG-1720209/01/2013
Electro-optic modulators rely on a change in the index of refraction for the optical wave as a function of an applied voltage. The corresponding change in index acts to delay the wavefront in the waveguide. The goal of this work was to develop a high-speed, highpower waveguide-based modulator (phase and amplitude) and investigate its use as a pulse slicer. The key innovation in this effort is the use of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguides, making the high-power, polarization- based waveguide amplitude modulator possible. Furthermore, because it is fabricated in KTP, the waveguide component will withstand high optical power and have a significantly higher RF modulation figure of merit (FOM) relative to lithium niobate. KTP waveguides support highpower TE and TM modes — a necessary requirement for polarization-based modulation as with a Pockels cell.
Simplified Extended Kalman Filter Observer for SOC Estimation of Commercial Power-Oriented LFP Lithium Battery Cells2013-01-154404/08/2013
The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell chemistry is finding wide acceptance for energy storage on-board hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), due to its high intrinsic safety, fast charging, and long cycle life. However, three main challenges need to be addressed for the accurate estimation of their state of charge (SOC) at runtime: Long voltage relaxation time to reach its open circuit voltage (OCV) after a current pulse Time-, temperature- and SOC-dependent hysteresis Very flat OCV-SOC curve for most of the SOC range In view of these problems, traditional SOC estimation techniques such as coulomb counting with error correction using the SOC-OCV correlation curve are not suitable for this chemistry. This work addressed these challenges with a novel combination of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, a two-RC-block equivalent circuit and the traditional coulomb counting method. The simplified implementation of the EKF algorithm offers a computationally
Huria, Tarun, Ceraolo, Massimo, Gazzarri, Javier, Jackey, Robyn
Model-Based Analysis of Cell Balancing of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles2013-01-175504/08/2013
Cell balancing is a key function of battery management system (BMS) that is implemented to maximize the battery's available capacity and service life. The increasing demand of larger and better performance pack has raised the need to investigate the various cell balancing techniques so that the energy of the battery can be fully realized. In this work we develop a phenomenological model in order to quantify the benefits of passive balancing and active balancing. The electrical response of a model pack consisting of serially connected lithium ion cells is simulated with Matlab. The effects of the variance of cell capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rates, pack configuration and size are studied. The possible optimization rooms for implementing passive and active balancing are suggested.
Zhang, Zhenli, Sisk, Brian
Battery Model Parameter Estimation Using a Layered Technique: An Example Using a Lithium Iron Phosphate Cell2013-01-154704/08/2013
Lithium battery cells are commonly modeled using an equivalent circuit with large lookup tables for each circuit element, allowing flexibility for the model to closely match measured data. Pulse discharge curves and charge curves are collected experimentally to characterize the battery performance at various operating points. It can be extremely difficult to fit the simulation model to the experimental data using optimization algorithms, due to the number of values in the lookup tables. This challenge is addressed using a layered approach to break the parameter estimation problem into smaller tasks. The size of each estimation task is reduced to a small subset of data and parameter values, so that the optimizer can better focus on a specific problem. The layered approach was successful in fitting an equivalent circuit model to a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell data set to within a mean of 0.7mV residual error, and max of 9.2mV error at a transient.
Jackey, Robyn, Saginaw, Michael, Sanghvi, Pravesh, Gazzarri, Javier, Huria, Tarun, Ceraolo, Massimo
Lithium Batteries for Medical ApplicationsTBMG-1511011/01/2012
The element lithium possesses fundamental properties that make it ideal for use as the anode in both primary and rechargeable batteries. Vendors have paired the popular lithium anode with a variety of cathode and electrolyte materials, resulting in the wide choice of different chemistries available today. This article discusses the types of primary lithium batteries commonly used for medical applications and introduces a new type based on recent innovations in materials and manufacturing processes. Information about the basic properties, advantages, and disadvantages are provided for each battery type.
Automotive Engineering International 2012-09-0412AEID090409/04/2012
The Lexus rises again Kiyotaka Ise is leading the effort to redefine the Toyota luxury brand with 'Lexus emotionality.' Hyundai powers ahead Dr. Woong-Chul Yang, Vice Chairman, Hyundai Motor, and the head of Hyundai-Kia R&D, explains how his company is striving to be the most-loved, but not necessarily the biggest car company-with the help of technology and powertrain leadership from Seong-Hyon Park, Hyundai's President of Powertrain. Next-generation lithium batteries step forward Developmental solid-state lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries could one day provide ample EV power.
SAE Vehicle Electrification 2012-06-2612EVSD062606/26/2012
Argonne heats up Li-ion battery research The U.S. Department of Energy lab near Chicago is using federal stimulus money to dive deeper into lithium battery research. Lithium-ion battery industry moves forward From technology advances to manufacturing capacity expansions, the foundation of the lithium-ion battery industry is becoming stronger and more viable.
Federal - Harmonization with International StandardsRS-BNA-MAY_12_0405/25/2012
Proposed rule of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration amends hazardous materials regulations (HMR) under 49 CFR 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, and 178 to address administrative appeals submitted in response to a Jan. 19, 2011, final rule (76 FR 3308) that aligned the HMR with various international standards. The rule also addresses recent actions by the International Civil Aviation Organization's Dangerous Good Panel regarding certain lithium ion battery-powered mobility aids offered by passengers for air transport. In addition, the rule revises the HMR to address two administrative appeals in response to a Feb. 2, 2010, final rule (75 FR 5376) that revised shipper responsibilities related to package design variation, manufacturer notification, and recordkeeping requirements for certain packaging types. Comments are due July 24, 2012. Contact: Michael Stevens; PHMSA, Office of Hazardous Materials Standards; (202-366-8553)
SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility12VHYBRD20403/27/2012
Presentation will concentrate on a brief overview of SAE International including history, international focus and SAE electro-mobility ground vehicle standards development activities. The new era of mobility and the driving forces behind it including converging technologies and today�s drive toward �green� will be discussed. Also, standards and technology enablers for vehicle electrification including, the global landscape for EV charging standards and next generation charging method approaches will be reviewed. Additionally, an overview of SAE global EV Battery Standards and activities including industry/government collaborative efforts to develop lithium ion rechargeable energy storage system safety standards will be provided. Presenter Keith Wilson, SAE International
Wilson, Keith
New Energy Source Powers Single-Use Mil/Aero EquipmentTBMG-1226212/01/2011
Until recently, single-use high energy devices were typically powered by reserve/thermal batteries using decades-old technology. Recognizing that battery performance limitations could hinder new product development, the U.S. DoD identified a “critical need” for a new generation of high-power, long life batteries.
Composite Thermal SwitchTBMG-1221812/01/2011
Lithium primary and lithium ion secondary batteries provide high specific energy and energy density. The use of these batteries also helps to reduce launch weight. Both primary and secondary cells can be packaged as highrate cells, which can present a threat to crew and equipment in the event of external or internal short circuits. Overheating of the cell interior from high current flows induced by short circuits can result in exothermic reactions in lithium primary cells and fully charged lithium ion secondary cells. Venting of the cell case, ejection of cell components, and fire have been reported in both types of cells, resulting from abuse, cell imperfections, or faulty electronic control design.
Single chip battery management1070711/18/2011
Single chip battery management for power tools, e bikes and other high voltage applications
Instruments, Texas
Use of Additives to Improve Performance of Methyl Butyrate-Based Lithium-Ion ElectrolytesTBMG-1136410/01/2011
This work addresses the need for robust rechargeable batteries that can operate well over a wide temperature range. To this end, a number of electrolyte formulations have been developed that incorporate the use of electrolyte additives to improve the high-temperature resilience, low-temperature power capability, and life characteristics of methyl butyrate-based electrolyte solutions. These electrolyte additives include mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium oxalate, vinylene carbonate (VC), and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), which have been shown to result in improved high-temperature resilience of all carbonate-based electrolytes.
Discussing batteries with LG Chem Hybrid Research Director Mohamed Alamgir1001608/19/2011
Automotive Engineering International editor Matthew Monaghan interviews Mohamed Alamgir, Research Director, LG Chem Power Inc., at the SAE 2011 World Congress.
Monaghan, Matthew
Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate PhosphorsTBMG-1071208/17/2011
Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nanoparticles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.
Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate PhosphorsTBMG-TB-01071208/17/2011
{ntb_intro_text}Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including lighting. Tantalates are very promising materials because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.{/ntb_intro_text}
Self-Activating and Doped Tantalate PhosphorsTBMG-1430408/01/2011
Phosphors are useful in numerous applications including imaging, detection, and lighting. They come in forms of thin films, monoliths, or powders for miscellaneous devices, or dispersible nano particles for applications such as biomedical imaging. Oxide phosphors, as apposed to chalcogenides or pnictides, have inherent chemical and thermal stability and minimal toxicity to the biosphere. Tantalates are very promising materials for these applications because they are especially robust and resistant to chemical degradation. Studies have shown that rare-earth tantalates are excellent host lattices for europium (Eu)-doped red-emitting phosphors, excited by blue light.
Thermophysical Properties of the Natural Environment, Gases, Liquids, and SolidsAIR1168/9A (Current)07/25/2011
This AIR is arranged in the following four sections: 2A - Properties of the Natural Environment 2B - Properties of Gases 2C - Properties of Liquids 2D - Properties of Solids A summary of each section is given below.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Lithium Ion CapacitorsTP-AAB-AABC_EUROPE_2011_2906/11/2011
Presentation by NAVSEA on potential Navy and Marine Corps applications; performance evaluation of LIC cells; understanding performance limitations; preliminary safety evaluation and future efforts.
Smith, Patricia, Tran, Thanh, Jiang, Thomas
Ridge Waveguide Structures in Magnesium-Doped Lithium NiobateTBMG-1014106/01/2011
This work proposes to establish the feasibility of fabricating isolated ridge waveguides in 5% MgO:LN. Ridge waveguides in MgO:LN will significantly improve power handling and conversion efficiency, increase photonic component integration, and be well suited to space-based applications. The key innovation in this effort is to combine recently available large, high-photorefractive-damage-threshold, z-cut 5% MgO:LN with novel ridge fabrication techniques to achieve high-optical power, low-cost, high-volume manufacturing of frequency conversion structures. The proposed ridge waveguide structure should maintain the characteristics of the periodically poled bulk substrate, allowing for the efficient frequency conversion typical of waveguides and the high optical damage threshold and long lifetimes typical of the 5% doped bulk substrate. The low cost and large area of 5% MgO:LN wafers, and the improved performance of the proposed ridge waveguide structure, will enhance existing measurement
Ridge Waveguide Structures in Magnesium-Doped Lithium NiobateTBMG-TB-01014106/01/2011
This work proposes to establish the feasibility of fabricating isolated ridge waveguides in 5% MgO:LN. Ridge waveguides in MgO:LN will significantly improve power handling and conversion efficiency, increase photonic component integration, and be well suited to space-based applications. The key innovation in this effort is to combine recently available large, high-photorefractive-damage-threshold, z-cut 5% MgO:LN with novel ridge fabrication techniques to achieve high-optical power, low-cost, high-volume manufacturing of frequency conversion structures. The proposed ridge waveguide structure should maintain the characteristics of the periodically poled bulk substrate, allowing for the efficient frequency conversion typical of waveguides and the high optical damage threshold and long lifetimes typical of the 5% doped bulk substrate. The low cost and large area of 5% MgO:LN wafers, and the improved performance of the proposed ridge waveguide structure, will enhance existing measurement
Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Beam, and Polarization-Sensitive Laser Transmitter for Surface MappingTBMG-1002305/01/2011
A multi-beam, multi-color, polarized laser transmitter has been developed for mapping applications. It uses commercial off-the-shelf components for a low-cost approach for a ruggedized laser suitable for field deployment.
Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV ApplicationsTP-AAB-AABC_US_2011_3601/28/2011
Presentation by Hyundai - Kia Motors on "Cycle and Calendar Life Degradation Analysis of Lithium Polymer Battery for HEV Applications" for AABC US 2011.
Oh, Joongsek, Lim, Dokyung, Park, Jinho
Squeezing Alters Frequency Tuning of WGM Optical ResonatorTBMG-815407/01/2010
Mechanical squeezing has been found to alter the frequency tuning of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonator that has an elliptical shape and is made of lithium niobate. It may be possible to exploit this effect to design reconfigurable optical filters for optical communications and for scientific experiments involving quantum electrodynamics.
Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion BatteriesTP-AAB-AABC_US_2010_0505/21/2010
Presentation of "Anode Prelithiation with Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) for the Next Generation of Li-ion Batteries" for AABC US 2010.
Gao, Yuan, Fitch, Brian, Li, Yangxing, Yakovleva, Marina, Petit, Scott, Arnold, Terry, Woltermann, Chris
Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides)TP-AAB-US_2010_0605/21/2010
Presentation of "Beyond Lithium-Ion: High Energy Density Batteries Based on Lithium Metal Electrodes Stable to Aggressive Media (Air, Water, Polysulfides) for AABC 2010 by PolyPlus Battery Company.
Visco, Steven J., Nimon, Eugene, Katz, Bruce, Chu, Mya-Ying, De Jonghe, Kytgard
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