Browse Topic: Magnetic materials

Items (542)

Operating Characteristics of an Automotive Adjustable-Field Permanent Magnet Motors with 3D Magnetic Paths and Asymmetric Magnet Arrangement

2024-32-002704/18/2025

This paper describes a three-dimensional structure of an adjustable field magnetization permanent magnet (PM) motor and a high-power density rotor structure with asymmetric permanent magnet arrangement for both high torque and high efficiency operation in the high speed and low torque range. 3D-FEA has confirmed that it is possible to achieve both high torque density and adjustable field magnetization. Load testing using the prototype proposed motor confirmed that high motor efficiency can be achieved even during high-speed operation.

Hiyoshi, Yutaro, Doi, Kotaro, Noguchi, Toshihiko

Measurement uncertainty and its influence on e-Drive optimization applications

2024-26-009701/16/2024

This paper gives insights in the theoretical measurement uncertainty of E-Drive rotor position dependent results, like Id and Iq calculations, done by a modern propulsion power analyzer (PA). The calculation of Id and Iq is fundamental to perform control optimization and application tasks for an E-Drive system. In order to optimize the E-Drive system application towards e.g. best efficiency, best performance, or improved NVH the importance of the testing toolchain is described: a power analyzer delivering the required results, an automation system, and a Design of Experiment tool to set improved target values. Consequently, inverters applications featuring field-oriented control (FOC) with permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are updated with a chosen control strategy. For achieving a certain behavior of an E-Drive, different degrees of freedom in the Inverter Control Unit are available; Lookup tables Id and Iq represent two fundamental application labels to be considered

Platzer, Thomas, Fechter, Michael, Kammerstetter, Heribert, Kolb, Philipp

Design approach on magnetic speed reduction of bikes while turning

2022-28-048011/18/2022

Turning two-wheelers (bikes) are, at times, risky and often disturbs the stability of the vehicle. The primary causes are excessive speed, severe acceleration, and over tilting. This work intends in making aid for a safer ride and improves turn ability. With the introduction of automatic speed reducers, the vehicle would be subjected to magnetic braking while making a turn. A Motion stabilizer (like Gimbals) is modeled in CATIA and fabricated using PVC material. This fabricated stabilizer is placed in the vehicle setup in between the arms which carry the magnet. Braking action is done automatically as the magnet gets closer to the rim while turning the setup. Three modes of operations such as test (i) under no load, no angle, (ii) under magnetic load at zero angles, and (iii) under magnetic load, at an angle on both lateral directions, have been tested. A spectrum analyzer has been used, which records the frequency correspondingly to the speed is calculated. The counterbalancing weight

S, Ragul

Non-destructive Evaluation of the Magnetic Quality of Electrical Steel Sheets by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) Analysis

2022-01-026903/29/2022

Soft magnetic lamination core is a major component of all electric motors, and the magnetic quality of the lamination has a significant effect on the energy efficiency of the motor. The magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets, which are important design parameters for the manufacturing of electric motors, are normally measured on cut steel strips by standard Epstein frame method, which is destructive and is not suitable for the evaluation of magnetic anisotropy. This paper presents a relatively new technology, i.e., magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) analysis, to evaluate the magnetic quality of electrical steel sheets. This method is featured by non-destructive, simple measurement, short measuring time, and online/offline measurements, etc. In addition, it can be readily used to estimate the magnetic anisotropy of electrical steel sheets. Non-oriented electrical steel sheets at different stages of thermomechanical processing were evaluated by MBN analysis, and the textures of the

He, Youliang

Polyetherimide for magnet wire application

2022-01-040003/29/2022

Magnet wire is composed of conducting core and thin layer of electrical insulation. Cupper (Cu) is typically used as conducting core, and various polymers such as polyamideimide, polyimide, and polyesterimide are used for electrical insulation. The role of magnet wire is involved in interchanging between electrical energy and mechanical energy for energy transformation application such as transformer, motor, generator, and many other equipment. Currently, electric vehicles (EV) industry is rapidly growing and consequential demands on related components are increasing as well. Compared to combustion engine, EV needs more electrical power with higher voltages or higher currents, which can increase probability of electrical discharge. The degradation of insulation layer can happen with the polymer bond breakage under the partial discharge electric stresses. To keep high performance under higher voltage, insulating polymer should have high heat resistances, chemical resistance, and low

Kim, Sang Hoon, Lee, Dae Ho

Fine-Tuning Alloys for High-Temperature Use

TBMG-3960708/01/2021

A phenomenon related to the invar effect — which enables magnetic materials such as nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) alloys to keep from expanding with increasing temperature — has been discovered in paramagnetic, or weakly magnetized, high-temperature alloys.

Reconfigurable Electronics Based on Multiferroics and Nanomagnetism

21AERP02_0902/01/2021

Research could lead to the development of new materials with large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling for next-generation multifunctional devices, including, multi-state (neuromorphic-like) circuits and memories, and E-field tunable microwave resonators for secure communications. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials with high exchange represent a missing “holy grail” of materials physics. To combine polarization and magnetization in the same solid is nothing short of actually controlling the fundamental nature of electromagnetism in matter. Although magnetoelectricity (ME) is an intrinsic phenomenon in some natural materials at low temperature, such single-phase materials suffer from an extremely weak ME exchange. In contrast, composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases can feature dramatically larger ME coefficients. This proposed program focuses on achieving the disruptive potential of emerging multifunctional

Miniscule Robots of Metal and Plastic

TBMG-3851502/01/2021

Researchers have been pursuing the development of robots so tiny that they can maneuver through blood vessels and deliver medications to certain points in the body. Now, scientists have succeeded in building such micromachines out of metal and plastic in which these two materials are interlocked as closely as links in a chain. This is possible thanks to a new manufacturing technique they have devised.

Reconfigurable Electronics Based on Multiferroics and Nanomagnetism

TBMG-3853902/01/2021

Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials with high exchange represent a missing “holy grail” of materials physics. To combine polarization and magnetization in the same solid is nothing short of actually controlling the fundamental nature of electromagnetism in matter. Although magneto-electricity (ME) is an intrinsic phenomenon in some natural materials at low temperature, such single-phase materials suffer from an extremely weak ME exchange.

Chemical Identification by Magneto-Elastic Sensing (ChIMES)

TBMG-3848302/01/2021

A low-cost sensor technology, called Chemical Identification by Magneto-Elastic Sensing (ChIMES), uses target response materials (TRMs) as actuators in magneto-elastic (M-E) sensors (Figure 1).

Sensing Magnetic Fields

TBMG-3851102/01/2021

Innovators at NASA Armstrong developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the need to first measure strain.

Design of New Piezoelectric Composites Using Nanocellulose

20AERP12_1012/01/2020

Using cellulose crystals as building blocks for the design and development of new low-density functional polymer composites. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia This research project focused on cellulose crystals as building blocks for the design and development of new low-density functional polymer composites. Although the piezoelectricity of cellulose has been predicted from its noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, it has not been measured accurately, nor has cellulose been properly exploited as a piezoelectric material. If it is proven, it could enable novel low-density electroactive materials capable of surpassing the performance of the best synthetic piezoelectric polymer such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). To fulfill this objective, a systematic study was required to judiciously manipulate dipoles of individual cellulose nanocrystals to produce polar ordering at the macroscale and accurately characterize the nano-to-mesoscale structural ordering and

Soft Magnetic Nanocomposite for High-Temperature Applications

TBMG-3798011/01/2020

Commercial soft magnetic cores used in power electronics are limited by core loss and decreased ferromagnetism at high temperatures. Extending functional performance to high temperatures enables increased power density in electric systems with fixed power output and elevated operating temperature.

Tiny, Magnetically Powered Neural Stimulator

TBMG-3800811/01/2020

Neuroengineers have created a tiny surgical implant that can electrically stimulate the brain and nervous system without using a battery or wired power supply. The device draws its power from magnetic energy and is about the size of a grain of rice. It is the first magnetically powered neural stimulator that produces the same kind of high-frequency signals as clinically approved, battery-powered implants that are used to treat epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, chronic pain, and other conditions.

“One-Way” Electronic Devices

TBMG-3779910/01/2020

Waves — whether they are light waves, sound waves, or any other kind — travel in the same manner in forward and reverse directions. This is known as the principle of reciprocity. If waves could be routed in one direction only — breaking reciprocity — many applications could be transformed by enabling “one-way” components such as circulators and isolators that enable two-way communication, which could double the data capacity of today's wireless networks. These components are essential to quantum computers that read a qubit without disturbing it. They are also critical to radar systems in self-driving cars or those used by the military.

“Racetrack Memory” Digital Data Storage

TBMG-3747208/01/2020

A team of scientists has created racetrack memory, a new type of enhanced digital data storage. Racetrack memory, which reconfigures magnetic fields, could supplant current methods of mass data storage, such as flash memory and disk drives, due to its improved density of information storage, faster operation, and lower energy use. The team’s focus was on a skyrmion racetrack memory — an undeveloped type of memory that reverses the processes of existing storage.

Room-Temperature Magnon Switch

TBMG-3744908/01/2020

Researchers have demonstrated a potentially new way to make switches inside a computer’s processing chips, enabling them to use less energy and radiate less heat. The practical technique controls magnons, which are essentially waves that travel through magnetic materials and can carry information. To use magnons for information processing requires a switching mechanism that can control the transmission of a magnon signal through the device.

Magnetic Force Manages Pain

TBMG-3746408/01/2020

Mainstream modern medicine centers on using pharmaceuticals to make chemical or molecular changes inside the body to treat disease; however, recent breakthroughs in the control of forces at small scales have opened up a new treatment idea: using physical force to kickstart helpful changes inside cells. This idea is referred to as “mechanoceuticals.”

Active Material Created Out of Microscopic Spinning Particles

TBMG-3746208/01/2020

At the atomic level, a glass of water and a spoonful of crystalline salt couldn’t be more different. Water atoms move around freely and randomly, while salt crystals are locked in place in a lattice. But some new materials show an intriguing propensity to sometimes behave like water and sometimes like salt, giving them interesting transport properties and holding potential promise for applications like mixing and delivery in the pharmaceutical industry.

Solenoid Valve Health Monitor

TBMG-3700506/01/2020

The Solenoid Valve Health Monitor System (SVHMS) was developed to remotely monitor the health of solenoid valves, lowering operational costs and increasing reliability by predicting valve failures before they occur. The system measures and analyzes steady state and transient components of the magnetic field and indirectly, the electric current in a solenoid valve during normal operation. It enables continuous monitoring of the integrity and operational status of solenoid valves without the need for interrupting their operation to conduct frequent inspections.

Improving Data Speeds with Laser-Activated Magnets

TBMG-3702506/01/2020

A new magnetic material could boost the storage capacity and processing speed of hard drives used in cloud-based servers. This could enable users of cloud data systems to load large files in seconds instead of minutes.

Graphene Device with Superconducting, Insulating, and Magnetic Properties

TBMG-3703206/01/2020

Thinner than a single strand of DNA yet 200 times stronger than steel, graphene is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat and it can conform to any number of shapes, from an ultrathin 2D sheet to an electronic circuit.

Current control method for asymmetric dual three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

2020-01-047004/14/2020

Based on the vector space decomposition (VSD) transformation, the phase currents of the asymmetric dual three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (ADT-PMSM) can be mapped into three orthogonal subspaces, i.e., α–β subspace, x-y subspace and O1-O2 subspace. The mechanical energy conversion takes place in the α–β subspace, while in the x-y and O1-O2 subspaces only losses are produced. With neutral points being isolated, O1-O2 subspace can be omitted. So the vector control algorithm can control the α–β and x-y subspaces separately to realize the four dimensional current control. In the α–β subspace, deviation decoupling control method is employed to realize the mechanical energy conversion, which is robust to the motor parameters. In order to reduce the 5th and 7th harmonic currents caused by the inverter nonlinearity and some other factors, a resonant controller is adopted based on a new synchronous rotating coordinate transformation matrix to implement the current closed loop

Wu, Zhihong, Gu, Weisong, Zhu, Yuan, Lu, Ke

Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Correlated Oxide Field Effect Switching Devices for High Speed Electronics

TBMG-3660604/01/2020

Metal insulator transitions (MITs) in oxides are an intriguing problem from both a fundamental materials physics and an applied technology perspective. Though the precise roles of electron correlations and lattice distortions on the phase transition remains an active area of research, many recent theoretical studies have suggested intimate interplay among the orbital splitting/polarization, correlation effects, and Peierls dimerization in the 3d1 system. Occupied states have been probed by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a rough structure of unoccupied 3d-like states have been deduced by O K-edge x-ray absorption measurements. NbO2, a 4d1 system, like VO2 crystallizes in a distorted rutile type structure with Nb dimers and undergoes a temperature induced MIT, albeit at a considerably higher temperature of ~1083 K. It is commonly accepted that because 4d orbital valence states are more dispersed in both space and energy, Mott physics is less important in 4d transition metal

Magnetic Shield Using Proximity Coupled, Spatially Varying Superconducting Order Parameters

TBMG-3616503/01/2020

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a magnetic shielding design that features simplicity, ease of use, reproducibility, longevity, and scalability. It does not require activation, monitoring, or wiring. The invention uses the superconducting “proximity effect” and/or the “inverse proximity effect” to form a spatially varying order parameter. When designed to expel magnetic flux from a region of space, the proximity effect(s) are used in concert to make the superconducting order parameter strongly superconducting in the center and more weakly superconducting toward the perimeter. The shield is then passively cooled through the superconducting transition temperature.

Intelligent Microrobots

TBMG-3600402/01/2020

Researchers have developed a microrobot that measures a few micrometers across and resembles a paper bird made with origami. But unlike a paper structure, the robot moves without a visible force. It flaps its wings or bends its neck and retracts its head via magnetism.

Composite Electrical Connectors

AIR4567B (Current)01/21/2020

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) establishes guidelines for evaluating composite electrical connectors and accessories.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Magneto-Optic Biosensor Using Bio-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

TBMG-3582701/01/2020

Magnetic nanoparticles are leading to the development of more sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective biological sensors. These sensors can be used for a variety of applications including the detection of medical conditions and bioterrorist threats.

Magnetic Metamaterial Could Improve MRIs

TBMG-3577201/01/2020

Researchers have developed a low-cost, “intelligent” metamaterial that could revolutionize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), making the entire MRI process faster, safer, and more accessible to patients around the world.

3D-Printed Soft Mesh Robots

TBMG-3515509/01/2019

Researchers have created 3D-printed flexible mesh structures that can be controlled with applied magnetic fields while floating on water. The structures can grab small objects and carry water droplets, giving them the potential to be useful as soft robots that mimic creatures living on water surfaces or that can serve as tissue scaffolds for cell cultures.

Algorithm Predicts How Electromagnetic Waves Interact with Materials at the Smallest Scales

TBMG-3461406/01/2019

Magnetic materials can attract or repel each other based on their polar orientation — positive and negative ends attract each other, while two positives or two negatives repel. When an electromagnetic signal like a radio wave passes through such materials, a magnetic material acts like a gatekeeper, letting in the signals that are desired but keeping out others. They can also amplify the signal or dampen the speed and strength of the signals.

Improved Directed Flux Motor

TBMG-3461706/01/2019

Electromagnetic motors typically convert electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy and are employed across a wide array of applications. While motors represent relatively mature technology, practitioners continue to seek ways to enhance motor operation including a decrease in cost, drop in size/weight, reduction in power consumption, increase in reliability, and enhanced degrees of freedom (i.e., the number of ways a machine can move within three-dimensional space).

Singlet-Based Magnet for Enhanced Data Storage

TBMG-3440405/01/2019

Anew type of magnet — called a singlet-based magnet — was discovered that differs from conventional magnets in which small magnetic constituents align with one another to create a strong magnetic field. By contrast, the singlet-based magnet has fields that pop in and out of existence, resulting in an unstable force, but one that potentially has more flexibility than conventional counterparts.

Rhombohedron Epitaxial Growth with Molten Target Sputtering (MTS) at 500 °C Substrate Temperature

TBMG-3438005/01/2019

This invention applies to the field of sputtering, depositing SiGe thin films on sapphire substrates. It is a method of modifying the film growth front, enabling epitaxially grown heterostructure devices at lower temperatures and with higher purity, avoiding the conventional time required (2 hours) and high-energy-consumption thermal soaking at a high temperature (800 °C.) Less than 500 °C is enough to grow the single-crystal Si1-xGex (x=0.85) film because much higher-kinetic-energy molecules reach the substrate.

Failsafe Linear Magnetic Brakes

TBMG-3411304/01/2019

Linear permanent magnet brakes, also known as eddy current brakes, are a failsafe, power-free deceleration system that is used in conjunction with a metal reaction plate. Ceramic or rare earth magnets are bonded to a steel back iron plate; no input power is required.

Ferrofluid Technology Becomes a Magnet for Pioneering Artists

TBMG-3394103/01/2019

Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.

Water Conditioning Agents for Aqueous Magnetic Particle Inspection

AS4792B (Current)02/18/2019

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers water conditioning agents used to facilitate aqueous wet-method magnetic particle inspection.

AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee

Materials Move in Response to Light

TBMG-3359001/01/2019

In biology, there are many examples where light induces movement or change — think of flowers and leaves turning toward sunlight. Magnetic elastomeric composites were developed that move in different ways when exposed to light, raising the possibility that these materials could enable a wide range of products that perform simple to complex movements, from tiny engines and valves, to solar arrays that bend toward the sunlight. These simple movements could be combined into more complex motion like crawling, walking, or swimming, and can be triggered and controlled wirelessly using light.

Reusable Breakaway Mounting Device

TBMG-3341312/01/2018

Breakaway devices are used to mount objects to systems or structures (for example, cars, drones, helmets, buildings) and prevent damage when the objects fall away from the system. Unfortunately, even in ideal scenarios, many of these devices have limitations. Breakaway bolts and shear pins have the complication of breaking and becoming unusable thereafter. Reset-table mounting devices such as hook-and-loop fasteners, reusable adhesives, or rubber mounting devices do not provide proper stability in certain applications. Electromagnetic and electromechanical-based devices can be quite large and expensive, and require a power source.

Dynamic Optical Grating Device for Modulating Light

TBMG-3339912/01/2018

NASA Langley Research Center has developed a novel optical grating device that dynamically modulates light and is capable of controlling the spectral properties and propagation of light without any moving mechanical components.

Using Sound Waves to Produce Optical Isolators

TBMG-3340512/01/2018

There are challenges involved when using magnetically responsive materials to achieve the one-way flow of light in a photonic chip, including the ability to place compact magnets on a chip. In addition, the necessary materials are not yet available in photonics foundries, creating the need for a better approach that uses only conventional materials and avoids magnetic fields.

Inorganic Compound for Use in Quantum Computing

TBMG-3323211/01/2018

Quantum computers will be able to solve problems well beyond the reach of existing computers while working much faster and consuming vastly less energy. An inorganic compound was developed that adopts a crystal structure capable of sustaining a new state of matter known as quantum spin liquid — an important advance toward quantum computing.

Fundamental Aspects of Single Molecule and Zeptomole Electroanalysis

TBMG-3302710/01/2018

The objective of this research program was to provide the fundamental understanding required for using the principles of electroanalytical chemistry to detect target molecules at very low concentration, including single molecules, with high specificity, simplicity, and low power.

Integrated Magneto-Optical Devices for On-Chip Photonic Systems

TBMG-3289909/01/2018

The magneto-optical (MO) oxide layer consists of (Bi,Y)3Fe5O12 or BiYIG, bismuth garnet. This material was selected because it has a better figure of merit than the CeYIG previously used, especially at lower wavelengths (1310 nm vs. 1550 nm). A top-down deposition process was developed in which BiYIG/YIG stacks are grown on the Si waveguide with YIG on top. The stack is annealed at 800°C/5 min to crystallize both layers, with the YIG templating the BiYIG leading to garnet phases rather than other oxides, and the BiYIG is directly on the Si waveguide. Initial attempts led to a film with Bi oxide phases, because the Bi was in excess and could not escape during the anneal as occurs in Si/YIG/BiYIG stacks. Hence the composition was adjusted to include slightly more Fe, which yielded films with only garnet peaks.

High-Speed Reluctance Machine Design

TBMG-3246408/01/2018

Silphenix GmbH is an engineering and consulting firm in Switzerland specializing in high-speed electrical machines, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic field analysis. One project focus is compact high-speed flywheel systems for day storage of solar photovoltaic energy on the order of 0.5 to 5 KWh usable energy. An important constraint for energy day storage is extremely low loss per day (e.g. 1% per hour). This means that the idling losses have to be less than 5 W and 50 W for 0.5-kWh and 5-kWh units, respectively. Minimizing the idling losses requires not only operation in a vacuum environment, but also low bearing losses (magnetic bearings), low eddy current losses (reluctance machine), and low drag losses (cylindrical rotor surface).

Advances in Spintronic Devices

TBMG-3250308/01/2018

Spintronic devices promise to solve major problems in today's computers, which use massive amounts of electricity to generate heat. This requires expending even more energy for cooling. By contrast, spintronic devices generate little heat and use relatively minuscule amounts of electricity. Spintronic computers would require no energy to maintain data in memory. They would also start instantly and have the potential to be far more powerful than today's computers.

Molten Target Sputtering (MTS) Deposition

TBMG-2970607/01/2018

The sputtering process has emerged as one of the major deposition techniques for thin film coating practices in research and industrial production. The process is limited by low deposition rates and low kinetic energy of the sputtered atoms. This not only slows the time required to sputter a film, but lowers the purity of the sputtered film.

Wireless Chemical Sensor and Sensing Method for Use Therewith

TBMG-2970007/01/2018

NASA Langley Research Center has developed a wireless, open-circuit SansEC (Sans Electrical Connections) sensor that can detect the presence of chemicals without being in contact with the chemical it is detecting. This unique thin-film sensor is used in conjunction with a chemical reactant that detects the presence of the chemical. Because of the way the sensor operates, the reactant can be separated from the sensor itself and placed in caustic or harsh environments, and can still work to detect the specific chemical it was designed to discern. The ingenuity of the thin-film design with the elimination of all wires, connections, and electronic components enables the sensors to be produced cost-effectively. This is an application of the NASA award-winning SansEC sensor, which is damage-resilient and environmentally friendly to manufacture and use. The sensors use a NASA award-winning magnetic field response recorder to provide power to the sensors and to acquire physical property

Effects of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull on NVH Performance of an Electric Drivetrain

2018-01-150406/13/2018

Designing well-performing electric drivetrains requires a comprehensive understanding of the electro-mechanical interactions. The paper investigates the effect of unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) due to rotor eccentricity in a typical automotive electric driveline with an integrated interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine and a two-stage gearbox. The investigation couples electromagnetic finite element analysis in Cobham Opera with electromechanical drivetrain simulation, including gears, shafts, bearings and housing in RomaxDESIGNER. Gear force can deflect the rotor which causes UMP between the rotor and the stator. It is shown that UMP varies non-linearly with rotor offset and machine operating condition. Harmonic analysis is performed on torque and radial rotor force to quantify the influence of rotor shaft deflections and hence rotor eccentricity on the frequency content of both torsional and radial electromagnetic excitations. The effect of such excitations on the system NVH

Veggia Bombardi, Federico, Atallah, Kais, Shahaj, Annabel, Michon, Melanie, Holehouse, Robert, James, Barry, Ilea, Dan

Magnetic Induction Heating of Space Foods During Dispensing Under Weightless Conditions

TBMG-2905106/01/2018

Hot foods are psychologically pleasing. Food heating systems are currently part of the astronaut feeding program. An electrical method of heating foods during dispensing in space uses magnetic induction heating. The process is up to 95% efficient in converting electricity into food heat during the process of dispensing. There is no direct contact between the electrical source and the food.

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 542