Browse Topic: Insulation

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Tool, Stripper, Electrical Insulation, General Specification ForAS5768A (Current)11/26/2025
This specification covers design requirements, performance requirements, and methods of procurement for tools and associated accessories used to strip aerospace vehicle electrical wire and cable. Aerospace vehicle electrical wire has stranded conductors with protective plating and specialized insulation. Poor quality wire strippers or mismatched blades can compromise the performance of wiring.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Environment Spectra and Corrosivity Monitoring Using Electrochemical and Electrical Resistance SensorsAIR6970 (Current)11/26/2025
This Aerospace Informational Report (AIR) provides guidance on using environmental, electrochemical, and electrical resistance measurements to monitor environment spectra and corrosivity of service environments, focusing on parameters of interest, existing measurement platforms, deployment requirements, and data processing techniques. The sensors and monitoring systems provide discrete time-based records of 1) environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and contaminants; 2) measures of alloy corrosion in the sensor; and 3) protective coating performance in the sensor. These systems provide measurements of environmental parameters, sensor material corrosion rate, and sensor coating condition for use in assessing the risk of atmospheric corrosion of the structure. Time-based records of environment spectra and corrosivity can help determine the likelihood of corrosion to assess the risk of corrosion damage of the host structure for managed assets, aiding in establishing maintenance intervals and processes. Diagnostics for determining damage to a structure and prognostics for predicting the remaining useful life before reaching a critical damage threshold of corrosion are not within the scope of this document. Also, not within the scope of this document are other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools or structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies that can directly assess corrosion-based damage. While this document is focused on air-vehicle environments, many of these topics would translate to other industries and systems without much modification.
HM-1 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Committee
REPAIR SLEEVE, PRIMARY WIRE INSULATION DAMAGE, ELECTRIC, PERMANENT, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT, 150 °C MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE AS6224/1A (Current)10/7/2025
This specification covers detail requirements of side enterable insulation damage replair sleeve with adhesive lining.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification ForAS5258A (Current)10/13/2021
This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CABLE, LOW INDUCTANCE, 270 VOLT DCAS5756/7B (Current)7/15/2021
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Molded or Extruded Bar, Rod, and Shapes Made from Polyamide-Imide (PAI) Plastic Material Both Filled and Unfilled Grades for High-Impact Strength and Mechanical Strength Applications in High Temperature EnvironmentsAMS3670C (Current)5/19/2021
This specification and its supplementary detail specifications cover molded or extruded bar, rod, and shapes made from filled and unfilled polyamide-imide (PAI) polymer.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, SPLICE, ELECTRIC (PERMANENT, TYPE II, CLASS 1) FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATUREAS7928/5C (Historical)3/1/2021
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
AS6021 Aerospace Fiber Optic Cable Assembly Drawing SpecificationAS6021A (Current)12/29/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the items that shall be considered when creating a fiber optic cable assembly specification and source control drawing intended for installation on aerospace platforms.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Design, Manufacturing, and Performance Standard for Composite Materials Used on Aircraft Seat StructuresARP6337 (Current)11/18/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines additional documentation, environmental considerations, in-service damage limits, test and evaluation criteria necessary to support certification of aircraft seats manufactured using composite materials, in addition to requirements in AS8049 and ARP5526. This document is limited to aircraft seat composite parts in the seat primary load path from the occupant to the attachments of the seat to the aircraft. The term “composite” is inclusive of any fiber-reinforced polymer matrix materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, sandwich panels and bonded structure.
Aircraft SEAT Committee
REPAIR SLEEVE, PRIMARY WIRE INSULATION DAMAGE, ELECTRIC, PERMANENT, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT, 150 °C MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATUREAS6224/1 (Historical)8/17/2020
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
WIRE, ELECTRICAL, POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/POLYIMIDE INSULATED, SMOOTH SURFACE, NORMAL WEIGHT, NICKEL-COATED COPPER CONDUCTOR, 260 °C, 600 VOLTS ROHSAS22759/187C (Current)4/27/2020
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
INSULATION SLEEVING, ELECTRICAL, HEAT SHRINKABLE POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENEAS23053/12A (Historical)4/21/2020
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Color-Coded Incandescent Flange Base T-1 and T-1 3/4 Lamps for Voltage IdentificationAS4156C (Current)3/12/2020
This document specifies that black is the only color that can be used for the insulator at the bottom of the base of T-1 and T-1 ¾ Flanged Base lamps.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Effects of Helical Carbon Nanotubes on Mechanical Performance of Laminated Composites and Bonded Joints2020-01-00293/10/2020
Most composite assemblies and structures generally fail due to weak interlaminar properties and poor performance of their bonded joints that are assembled together with an adhesive layer. Adhesive failure and cohesive failure are among the most commonly observed failure modes in composite bonded joint assemblies. These failure modes occur due to the lack of reinforcement within the adhesive layer in transverse direction. In addition, the laminated composites fail due to the same reason that is the lack of reinforcement through the thickness direction between the laminae. The overall performance of any composite structures and assemblies largely depends on the interlaminar properties and the performance of its bonded joints. Various techniques and processes were developed in recent years to improve mechanical performance of the composite structures and assemblies, one of which includes the use of nanoscale reinforcements in between the laminae and within the adhesive layer. However, most prior research has been focused on use of straight carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other nanomaterials in particle forms. The goal of this research was to improve the properties of the adhesive film and the interfacial bonding effectiveness between the laminae. Because CNTs are inert in nature, their interaction with the resin and adhesive polymer molecules is very weak. In this research we have used CNTs with various geometrical configuration (straight and helical geometries) and various weight percentages as additional reinforcements. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of helical geometries of the CNTs to form interlocking mechanisms with the resin and the traditional microfiber reinforcements to improve the overall performance of the composite structures and assemblies. Single lap joint test specimens and flexural test specimens were prepared based on the ASTM standard D5868-01 and ASTM standard D790 and then tested and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the samples with CNT reinforcements performed considerably better than neat epoxy samples. Among the two different CNT geometries, helical CNTs performed better than the straight CNTs.
Sritharan, Ramanan, Askari, Davood
Celebrating Women in Engineering & Science: Renee Bernstein, CEO, Cotronics CorporationTBMG-361673/1/2020
Tin Plated Solderless Terminal Lugs and Splices on Nickel Coated High Temperature WireAIR1263A (Current)2/3/2020
This publication formally cautions against terminating nickel coated wire with tin plated insulated or uninsulated crimped solderless terminations.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Multimaterial Fiber “Ink” for 3D-Printed DevicesTBMG-359752/1/2020
A new method uses standard 3D printers to produce functioning devices with the electronics already embedded inside. The devices are made of fibers containing multiple interconnected materials that can light up, sense their surroundings, store energy, or perform other actions.
Thermally Conductive Polymer FilmsTBMG-359772/1/2020
Polymers are commonly used for thermal insulation as they are excellent at trapping heat. Thin polymer films were developed that conduct heat — an ability normally associated with metals. The films, which are thinner than plastic wrap, conduct heat better than many metals including steel and ceramic.
Q&A: A Shape-Morphing, Self-Healing Soft CompositeTBMG-357881/1/2020
Carmel Majidi, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, and his team has developed a material with a unique combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity, with actuation and self-repair capabilities that are unlike any other soft composite.
Engineered Solutions for Enclosure Sealing and InsulationTBMG-3566812/1/2019
In the aerospace and defense industries, enclosure sealing and insulation needs to meet challenging and complex requirements. For example, the EMI gaskets that are used in military touchscreens must shield sensitive electronics from electromagnetic interference (EMI) while providing electrical conductivity and ensuring environmental sealing. These enclosure gaskets must also cushion the unit from mechanical shock and avoid interfering with the display's touch function.
Aerogel-Fiber Layered Laminate SystemTBMG-3571012/1/2019
Scientists at Kennedy Space Center have developed a multifunctional composite laminate material for structural and thermal applications for use in residential and commercial construction. The innovation is a lightweight aerogel-fiber laminate composite system that has good compressive strength, tailorable impact and acoustic energy absorption, reduced heat transfer (compared to a fiber-only system), and fire barrier properties.
Heat-Regulating Material for Next-Generation Space BlanketTBMG-3572012/1/2019
Drawing design inspiration from the skin of squid, researchers developed an adaptive space blanket that gives users the ability to control their temperature. The drawback to current Mylar heat-regulating blankets is static. The new material has changeable properties to regulate how much heat is trapped or released.
Innovations in Orthopedic Elastomers Enhance Durability and AppearanceTBMG-3562512/1/2019
The history of silicone rubber is synonymous with advancements in medical materials. Silicones, a family of biocompatible elastomers, provide an attractive balance of properties. For example, silicones offer thermal stability over a wide temperature range. They also provide electrical insulation and are resistant to ozone, water, ultraviolet (UV) light, and some chemicals. For medical applications, silicone rubber can also meet requirements from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP).
WIRE, ELECTRICAL, POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/POLYIMIDE INSULATED, SMOOTH SURFACE, LIGHT WEIGHT, SILVER-COATED COPPER CONDUCTOR, 200 °C, 600 VOLTS ROHSAS22759/191A (Current)10/24/2019
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Recommended Practice for Determining Material Properties of Li-Battery SeparatorJ2983_201910 (Current)10/14/2019
This SAE RP provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of the properties of Li-battery separator. The test methods in this RP have been grouped into one of three categories: 1 Separator material parameters: Minimum set of separator properties to be measured. 2 Chemistry/customer-specific parameters: Properties that are dependent on the application, customer needs and/or requirements, manufacturing process, etc. This RP will include the current best practice methodologies for these tests, with an understanding that the best practice methodologies are evolving as more information is learned. 3 R&D parameters: Properties that are dependent on the application, customer needs and/or requirements, manufacturing process, etc. The methodologies in this third section are under development and have not yet achieved broad application. It is not within the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as this is usually established between the materials supplier and seperator manufacturer and the user. This is especially true where this document specifies a range of target values, or an open testing parameter. In these cases, the sample supplier and recipient must agree to specific numbers for the test parameters.
Battery Materials Testing Committee
Ultrathin Transistors for Faster Computer ChipsTBMG-3528310/1/2019
For decades, microchip transistors have become smaller, faster, and cheaper; however, miniaturization has reached a natural limit, as completely new problems arise when a length scale of only a few nanometers is approached.
Atomically Thin Heat Shield Protects Electronic DevicesTBMG-3526610/1/2019
Excess heat given off by smartphones, laptops, and other electronic devices contributes to malfunctions and, in extreme cases, can even cause lithium batteries to explode. To guard against issues, engineers often insert glass, plastic, or layers of air as insulation to prevent heat-generating components like microprocessors from causing damage.
Design Guidelines for Fiberboard MaterialsJ1774_201909 (Current)9/25/2019
This document provides information on the various fiberboard products, which are available for automotive application. It is intended to give engineers and designers a better understanding of product usage, characteristics, properties and industry terminology. The following sections cover these topics: 2 General Product Information 3 Design Characteristics 4 Physical/Mechanical Properties 5 Fiberboard Definitions In sections 2, 3 and 4 the fiberboard products are categorized. These sections give an overview of product types, with general information about characteristics and properties. In cases where product categories encompass more than one material or material grade, ranges were established to cover all of the products in that category. The individual companies that supply fiberboard products should be consulted for specific information about a particular product or application.
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Ultra-Clean Fabrication Platform for 2D TransistorsTBMG-351299/1/2019
Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) materials with superlative properties have the potential to advance semiconductors but creating 2D devices with both good electrical contacts and stable performance has proved challenging.
Graphene Field Effect Transistors for Radiation Detection (GFET-RS)TBMG-351489/1/2019
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center developed novel transistor technology based on a single graphene layer coupled to a radiation absorber substrate. Unlike conventional charge-sensing detectors, the GFET-RS utilizes the sensitive dependence of graphene conductance on local change of the electric field, which can be induced by interaction of radiation with the underlying absorber substrate.
Thermal Conductivities of Some Polymers and Composites19AERP08_098/1/2019
Assessing the performance of polymers used in structural armor and filament winding applications. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Thermoset polymers are good electrical insulators that are used in applications ranging from electronics to composite armor. They are rather poor thermal conductors, however. For encapsulation of electronic components and devices, there is a huge amount of literature on filled polymers, particularly epoxies. One source provides a recent review of thermal conductivity (Kt) of filled polymers with emphasis on carbon nanotube loading. As an example of a low Kt polymer, a Kt of 0.3 watts per meter per degree kelvin (W/MK) for unfilled polyurethane from an unidentified source has been cited, with higher values for filled resin. Measurements have also been reported on particle-filled polypropylene with a neat resin Kt of 0.27 W/MK. These thermal conductivities are higher than those of most epoxies, and much lower than those of metals and crystalline ceramics.
Thermal Conductivities of Some Polymers and CompositesTBMG-348688/1/2019
Thermoset polymers are good electrical insulators that are used in applications ranging from electronics to composite armor. They are rather poor thermal conductors, however.
Products of Tomorrow: August 2019TBMG-348868/1/2019
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Tuning Material Color and Thermal Properties SeparatelyTBMG-348988/1/2019
The color of a material can often tell how it handles heat. With clothing, for example, the darker the pigment, the warmer you're likely to feel on a hot day. Likewise, the more transparent a glass window, the more heat it can let through. A material's responses to visible and infrared radiation are often naturally linked.
High-Temperature Dielectric NanocompositeTBMG-348998/1/2019
A nanocomposite was developed that could be a superior high-temperature dielectric material for flexible electronics, energy storage, and electric devices. The nanocomposite combines one-dimensional polymer nanofibers and two-dimensional boron nitride nano-sheets. The nanofibers reinforce the self-assembling material while the white graphene nanosheets provide a thermally conductive network that allows it to withstand the heat that breaks down common dielectrics, the polarized insulators in batteries, and other devices that separate positive and negative electrodes.
Laser Diode Based on Organic SemiconductorsTBMG-348017/1/2019
Researchers have demonstrated that a long-elusive kind of laser diode based on organic semiconductors is indeed possible, paving the way for the further expansion of lasers in applications such as biosensing, displays, healthcare, and optical communications.
Polyamide Type 6-6, Plastic Moldings and ExtrusionsAMS3617F (Current)6/13/2019
This specification covers one type of Polyamide Type 6-6 (nylon) thermoplastic resin in the form of moldings and extrusions.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
Etching of Fluoropolymer InsulationsARP6167 (Current)6/11/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the etching of fluoropolymer electrical wire insulations to ensure that all facets of the process from the chemistry to the processing, to the storage and handling are well defined.
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
Acoustic Effects of Lightweighting in a Sport Utility Vehicle2019-01-15066/5/2019
Weight reduction is a significant concern for automotive manufacturers, and is often achieved by removing as much mass as is safe from the structure of the vehicle. This has a negative effect on the interior acoustics, which has become more and more of an issue as technology has advanced and people expect to be able to do business and consume media in their vehicles. Traditional acoustic treatment tends to be very heavy, which eliminates some of the weight savings. Recently a vehicle study was performed to determine if the current production sound package in a highly-rated sport utility vehicle could be maintained or improved while reducing the weight. This paper presents the results of that study. The study focused on road noise transmitted through the floor (carpet, rear wheelhouse inner and trunk insulation) and engine noise transmitted through the dash (dash inner). Testing was performed both at the vehicle level on the road and at the component level in the laboratory. It was found that the lightweight sound package was highly effective against road noise, but less effective against engine noise. Additional evaluation was performed to determine if underbody treatment would improve the performance, and it was found the addition of absorption to the underbody of the car helps with road noise, but less so with engine noise. Ultimately, the lightweight parts, working together as a system, provided sound absorption in the frequency range of interest while still providing the necessary sound transmission loss along the noise paths.
Frey, Andrea Lynne
Fast Broadband Curved Insertion Loss Simulation of an Inner Dash Insulator Using a Cylindrical Transfer Matrix Method Spectral Approach2019-01-15836/5/2019
Middle and high frequency vibro-acoustic simulation of complex shape insulators requires using 3D poroelastic finite elements. This can be applied to either the whole part (up to 2500 Hz maximum) or through singly curved pre-computed Insertion Losses (up to 5000 Hz maximum) to be introduced in large SEA or energy-based models. Indeed, a dependence of the Insertion Loss slopes of noise treatments following the curvature is observed both experimentally and numerically. Beyond frequency range limitations, poroelastic finite element simulations following all curvatures and thickness 3D maps typically take too much time of up to a few hours each. A cylindrical Transfer Matrix Method spectral approach significantly reduces the time for the calculation of singly curved Insertion Losses up to 10 kHz to only a few minutes. This simplifies enormously the SEA modeling effort enabling easier, more precise fully trimmed vehicle middle and high frequency vibro-acoustic simulations. A dash insulator Insertion Loss numerical validation case will be presented comparing the different methods.
Duval, Arnaud, Goret, Mickael, Borello, Gerard
The ‘Relativity’ of High Q CapacitorsTBMG-345576/1/2019
For many high-power RF applications, the “Q factor” of embedded capacitors is one of the most important characteristics in the design of circuits. This includes products such as cellular/telecom equipment, MRI coils, plasma generators, lasers, and other medical, military, and industrial electronics.
Technique Provides Rapid Assessment of Radiation ExposureTBMG-341394/1/2019
Researchers have developed a new technique that assesses radiation exposure in about an hour using an insulator material found in most modern electronics. The technique can be used to triage medical cases in the event of a radiological disaster.
Novel Dielectric Ceramic by Spark Plasma SinteringTBMG-341434/1/2019
Researchers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a new dielectric material based on barium titanate nanopowder processed via spark plasma sintering (SPS). The rapid and full densification achieved by SPS, together with a unique ceramic nanopowder processing approach, enables new ceramic materials with extremely high relative permittivity or dielectric constant.
See-Through Film Rejects 70 Percent of Incoming Solar HeatTBMG-341664/1/2019
A heat-rejecting film was developed that could be applied to a building’s windows to reflect up to 70 percent of the Sun’s incoming heat. The film remains highly transparent below 32 °C (89 °F). Above that temperature, the film acts as an “autonomous system” to reject heat. If every exterior-facing window in a building were covered in this film, air conditioning and energy costs could drop by 10 percent.
Adhesive, Contact Polychloroprene (CR) Rubber, Resin ModifiedAMS3704B (Current)3/28/2019
This specification covers a polychloroprene (CR) rubber, resin modified, solvent-type contact adhesive in the form of a liquid.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
Adhesive, Electrically Conductive Silver-Filled Epoxy ResinAMS3681F (Current)3/28/2019
This specification covers an electrically-conductive adhesive supplied as two components, a silver-filled, epoxy-base adhesive and a separate curing agent which may be paste or liquid.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
The Heat Is On: A Guide to Specifying Insulation MaterialsTBMG-339193/1/2019
One of the first things an electrical engineer will learn is that the number-one enemy of designing and manufacturing any electrical/electronic product is heat. It's the one characteristic that can cause your idea of a hand-sized unit to turn into a tabletop unit. When discussing insulation with a manufacturer, the first question that seems to come up is temperature resistance. It is a very important characteristic but there are a few others that need to be addressed as well. In addition to temperature rating, voltage along with mechanical strength play a very important role in the selection of insulation.
Insulation Sleeving, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Flame Retarded, Modified Polyolefin, Flexible, CrosslinkedAMSDTL23053/17B (Current)2/15/2019
Scope is unavailable.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Insulation Sleeving, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, Crosslinked and Non-CrosslinkedAMSI23053/2A (Current)2/15/2019
Scope is unavailable.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Insulation Sleeving, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Polyvinyl Chloride, Semi Rigid, Crosslinked and Non-CrosslinkedAMSI23053/3A (Current)2/15/2019
Scope is unavailable.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
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