Browse Topic: Gases

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Detailed Approach for Pre-Chamber Heat Release Analysis for the HSASI Pre-Chamber Spark Plug Using a Pressure Sensor Glow Plug2024-32-006304/18/2025
The hot surface-assisted spark ignition (HSASI) pre-chamber spark plug, which was developed at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, increases the dilution limit with excess air and the tolerance to residual gas in the pre-chamber compared to a conventional passive pre-chamber spark plug. In this study, the conventional glow plug which is integrated in the pre-chamber of the HSASI pre-chamber spark plug was replaced by a pressure sensor glow plug (PSG) from BERU. This allows for a detailed combustion analysis in the pre-chamber. The signal of the PSG was validated with a piezoelectric cylinder pressure sensor and a method to analyse the pre-chamber heat release was introduced. Experimental investigations were carried out on a single-cylinder gasoline engine. A series of operating points diluted with excess air and a variation in load were conducted. The gas flow rate through the orifices of the pre-chamber was calculated from the pressure difference between the pre-chamber and
Holzberger, Sascha, Kettner, Maurice, Kirchberger, Roland
Experimental analysis on development of algae based catalytic convertor for ecofriendly environment2022-28-048111/18/2022
Due to increased use of automobiles in some of the major cities had resulted in serious concerns about urban air quality caused by engine exhaust gas emissions and also more harmful species derived from them via photochemical reactions. The three main exhaust gas pollutants derived from exhaust emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Engine modifications are not alone sufficient to control them therefore the catalytic systems are introduced to do this. But the biggest limitation of regular catalytic convertor is the use of precious metals like platinum, titanium, palladium etc. in this article an algae based catalytic convertor is fabricated and experimentally tested. The conducted analysis and experiments shows that algae based catalytic convertor is indeed a best substitute to the regular catalytic convertor. The CO2 emission was reduced from 0.9 vol % to 0.2 vol % and the CO emission was reduced from 14.22 vol % to 0.68 vol%.
Lucas, Annagowsalya
Ultimate Breakage Load Calculation Method of Cold Gas Inflator Burst Disk2022-01-093803/29/2022
For cold gas Inflator, high refinement of ultimate load forecast is one key of Inflator development. At beginning, two methods based on implicit algorithm, Zero Curvature method and RIKS method were used for burst disk hydro-burst test ultimate pressure load calculation. After considering the effect of bursting disk stamping process, comparing with results of real test, the refinement of the two methods were above 97% both. Studying the corresponding relations between displacement and stress matrix of the center point of burst disk by RISK method. It was found that under ultimate load, the third principal stress vs. displacement curve of the central node shown extreme point, and load step of the point was corresponding the one of maximum pressure load. This shown that after reaching the ultimate load, the center of the bursting disc lost stability in the direction of thickness. Based on the status of stress matrix analysis results of RIKS method, and for solving the nonlinear contact
Shan, Jinhui, Wang, Cheng
Characterizing shock waves induced by phase change of superheated liquid jets 2022-01-059403/29/2022
The under-expanded nature of flash-boiling spray was considered an important cause of spray collapse via some numerical investigation. However, due to the high optical thickness, the under-expanded nature in flash-boiling jet was difficult to observed by optical diagnosis. The main objective of this study is to prove the existence of under-expanded nature in the gasoline-like fuel (n-hexane) flash-boiling jet under the GDI engine condition, and further reveal the significant influence factors. The experimental examination was carried in a constant volume vessel with ambient pressure ranging from 0.1 bar to 1.0 bar and fuel temperatures from 30℃ to 170℃. In order to capture the flow details in the jet, a high-brightness light source was used in the optical imaging. The shock structure of under-expanded nature was observed in close nozzle region under those conditions above 130℃, and the shock structure was in good agreement with the previous simulation results under the same conditions
Li, Yanfei, Zhang, Jingyu, Ma, Xiao, Shuai, Shijin
Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification ForAS5258A (Current)10/13/2021
This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Insulating Component, Molded, Electrical, Heat Shrinkable, Connector and Cable Accessory, Sealing Strain Relief, General Specification ForAS5258A-TEST-REC (Historical)10/13/2021
This specification covers connector and cable accessory heat shrinkable, electrical insulating, molded components fabricated from various polymer based compositions. These components are intended for use as connector and cable accessory components to provide strain relief, electrical insulation, and environmental sealing.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Empowering the Brake Systems2021-01-126110/11/2021
Some research shows that the transport system is one of the main responsible for the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. The growing demand for automobiles contrasts directly with the scarcity of inputs, planet temperature increasing and air quality degradation in large cities. This counterpoint is explored and discussed a lot, demanding that studies would be conducted to find out sustainable solutions in the production to end-customers. Instead of use fossil resources, one of the options to reduce gas emissions is the use of vehicles powered by electricity. When converting part of the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical one its reduces emissions in the production electricity - power plants - as well burning gases in transport. Technological advances allow us to use Electronic Stability Control to generate environmental and safety results in mobility for next years.
Batagini, Emerson
A New Catalyst Technology to overcome Diffusion and Transport Limitations2021-26-021009/22/2021
The purification efficiency of exhaust gas catalysts depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is the diffusivity of the exhaust gases in the catalytic coating layer, especially at moderate to high temperature and space velocity conditions. Porous silica, γ-alumina, zirconia, carbons and many other porous crystalline materials that are commonly used as catalysts and catalyst supports are traversed by a labyrinth of tortuous micro and mesopores. If the connectivity is very low, the labyrinth of pores becomes more difficult to penetrate, increasing the overall “tortuosity” and slowing down the transportation of gas molecules within catalyst layers. A new approach to overcome these diffusion and transport limitations in an exhaust gas catalyst is to create an interconnected network of mesopores and macropores via increase in void fractions within the washcoat components and layers. In this study, various organic and inorganic pyrolyzable pore forming agents (PFAs) were
Gaur, Kanishka, Muthusamy, Vishnuvarthan, Mishra, Sushil, Kukreti, Sumit, Rajan, Bosco, Bartley, Gordon, Trigunayat, Alok
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Cummins Innovating Engines to Power the Global Food Economy1315407/16/2021
Whether it's gas, electric or hydrogen-fueled, engines serving the agriculture industry are dynamic. Cummins engines power everything from the farm to the field to the future. Ann Schmelzer, General Manager, Global Ag Business for Cummins, is passionate about problem solving through the lens of technology. Building on Cummins' reputation of reliability, Schmelzer is leading the charge to get their engines into the growing demand of autonomous agriculture. Listen as she shares insights on the current economics of agriculture and ways Cummins is stepping up to meet the needs of the global food economy.
Hineman, Marcie
Aluminum Alloy Powder 4.6Cu - 3.4Ti - 1.4B - 0.75Ag - 0.27MgAMS7033 (Current)06/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Aluminum Alloy Powder 4.6Cu - 3.4Ti - 1.4B - 0.75Ag - 0.27MgAMS7033-TEST-REC (Historical)06/22/2021
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
An Investigation of Emission Species over a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Using Flow Reversal Strategy2021-01-060604/06/2021
With the increasing demand of emission reductions from the automotive industry, advanced after-treatment strategies have been investigated to overcome the challenges associated with meeting increasingly stringent emission regulations. Ongoing investigations on low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies are being researched to meet future emission regulations, however, the lowered exhaust temperature presents an even greater issue for exhaust after-treatment due to the change in combustion modes. Catalyst temperature is critical for the catalytic ability to maintain effective conversion efficiency of regulated emissions. The use of periodic flow reversal has shown benefits of maintaining catalyst temperature by alternating the exhaust flow direction through the catalytic converter, reducing the catalyst sensitivity to inlet gas temperature fluctuations. Cyclically alternating the exhaust flow direction can produce a thermal wave, elevating the central catalyst temperature above the
Hesketh, Cavan, Liang, Li, Sandhu, Navjot Singh, Han, Xiaoye, Wang, Meiping, Zheng, Ming
Investigating the Effect of Water and Oxygen Distributions on Consistency of Current Density Using a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Model of a PEM Fuel Cell2021-01-073704/06/2021
Activation loss, mass transfer loss and ohmic loss are the three main voltage losses of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. While the former two types are relevant to concentration of oxygen in catalyst layer and the later one is associated with the water content in membrane. Distributions of water content and oxygen in a single cell are inconsistent which cause that current densities in each segment of the single cell are different. For the dry inlet gas, the water in the segments near the gas inlet channel will be carried to the segments near the gas outlet channel, which causes high ohmic loss of the segments near the gas inlet channel. In this work, a transfer non-isothermal quasi-three-dimensional model is developed to investigate inconsistency of current densities. Comprehensive physical and chemical phenomena inside the cell are included, especially the mass transfer of hydrogen, oxygen, vapor and liquid water in gas channels, gas diffusion layer and catalyst layer and
Wang, Xuhui, Lu, Yikang, Zhang, Baitao, Xu, Sichuan
Techno-Economic Analysis of Fixed-Route Autonomous and Electric Shuttles2021-01-006104/06/2021
This paper takes a realistic approach to develop a techno-economic analysis for fixed-route autonomous shuttles. To develop a model for analysis, the current state of technology was used to approximate three timelines for achieving SAE level 5 capabilities: progressive, realistic, and conservative. Within these timelines, there are four different increments for advancements in the technology laid out as follows: SAE Level 0 - human driver, SAE Level 4 - in-vehicle safety operator, SAE Level 4 - remote safety operator, and SAE Level 5 - no safety operator. These increments in the changes of the technology were chosen based on the trends in the industry. Various shuttle models were used based on different rider quantities and drive-train requirements (electric vs gas) in this analysis. This allows for further understanding of how these deployment plans will vary the cost for shuttles operating in high, mid, and low ridership demand environments. Additional drive-train comparison shows
Goberville, Nick, Zoardar, Md Marsad, Rojas, Johan, Brown, Nicolas, Motallebiaraghi, Farhang, Navarro, Anthony, Asher, Zachary
Wearable, Stretchable Gas SensorTBMG-3850702/01/2021
A team has developed and tested a stretchable, wearable gas sensor for environmental sensing. It combines a newly developed laser-induced graphene foam material with a unique form of molybdenum disulfide and reduced-graphene oxide nanocomposites. The researchers were interested in seeing how different morphologies, or shapes, of the gas-sensitive nanocomposites affect the sensitivity of the material to detecting nitrogen dioxide molecules at very low concentration. To change the morphology, they packed a container with very finely ground salt crystals.
Chemical Identification by Magneto-Elastic Sensing (ChIMES)TBMG-3848302/01/2021
A low-cost sensor technology, called Chemical Identification by Magneto-Elastic Sensing (ChIMES), uses target response materials (TRMs) as actuators in magneto-elastic (M-E) sensors (Figure 1).
Xenon Improves Properties of Maxillofacial and Orthopedic ImplantsTBMG-3854602/01/2021
Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Oblast, Russia
Electrocoat Compatibilities of Automotive SealersJ1969_202101 (Current)01/07/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for determining the compatibility of automotive sealers with cathodic electrocoat primer.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
E-Tongue Nanosensor ArrayTBMG-3799511/01/2020
E-Tongue, a patent-pending technology, is comprised of a silicon-based interdigitated electrode (IDE) array with nanostructured materials that can detect biomolecules and chemical compounds in a liquid sample.
New Methods and Systems for Monitoring the Functional Stability Parameters of Wheel Machines Power Units2020-01-201409/15/2020
The methods and principles of monitoring and diagnosing the parameters of power units are generalized. They allow increasing the wheeled vehicles operational reliability. Systems for monitoring the functional stability parameters of the most sensitive to operating conditions systems and assemblies of machines have been developed on the example of a cylinder-piston engine group and steering. An improved method for diagnosing the steering of an articulated wheeled vehicle, which significantly affects the safety of its use, is proposed based on the use of angular accelerations of sections in the road plane as a diagnostic parameter. The dependence for determining the angular accelerations for the case of the random installation of two sensors of the mobile registration and measuring complex on the machine, which allows increasing the accuracy of measurements, is obtained. Experimental studies to diagnose the steering of wheeled vehicles with various operating times have been carried out
Podrigalo, Mikhail, Dubinin, Yevhen, MOLODAN, ANDRII, Polianskyi, Oleksandr, Kholodov, Mykhailo, Klets, Dmytro, Kholodov, Anton, Viktoriia, Zadorozhnia, KHVOROST, OLEKSANDR, Mykola, Potapov, Stepanov, Alex
The Use of Metallurgical Waste Gases as Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines2020-01-213609/15/2020
The article concerns the use of waste metallurgical gas as a fuel for an internal combustion engine. Since the metallurgical gas parameters exclude the possibility of its use as the only fuel supplying the combustion engine, the concept of the so-called co-combustion of metallurgical gas with a secondary fuel with better energy parameters, which was natural gas. The positive effect of this concept was the energetic use of metallurgical gas, which is waste gas and was normally utilized by burning on a flare, emitting heat and toxic exhaust components to the environment. Benefits were also obtained in the form of: electricity generation and heat generation from the engine cooling system and from the exhaust system, which were used in the processes of purifying metallurgical production waste.
Brzeżański, Marek, Sciążko, Marek, Iluk, Tomasz
Numerical Investigation on GDI Spray under High Injection Pressure up to 100 MPa2020-01-210809/15/2020
In recent years, the increase of gasoline fuel injection pressure is a way to improve thermal efficiency and lower engine-out emissions in GDI homogenous combustion concept. The challenge of controlling particulate formation as well in mass and number concentrations imposed by emissions regulations can be pursued improving the mixture preparation process and avoiding mixture inhomogeneity with ultra-high injection pressure values up to 100 MPa. The increase of the fuel injection pressure in GDI homogeneous systems meets the demand for increased injector static flow, while simultaneously improves the spray atomization and mixing characteristics with consequent better combustion performance. Few studies quantify the effects of high injection pressure on transient gasoline spray evolution. The aim of this work was to simulate with OpenFOAM the spray morphology of a commercial gasoline injected in a constant volume vessel by a prototypal GDI injector. Different operating conditions were
Migliaccio, Marianna, Montanaro, Alessandro, Lucchini, Tommaso, Allocca, Luigi, Paredi, Davide
Simultaneous Negative PLIF and OH* Chemiluminescence Imaging of the Gas Exchange and Flame Jet from a Narrow Throat Pre-Chamber2020-01-208009/15/2020
Pre-chamber combustion (PCC) is a promising engine combustion concept capable of extending the lean limit at part load. The engine experiments in the literature showed that the PCC could achieve higher engine thermal efficiency and much lower NOx emission than the spark-ignition engine. Improved understanding of the detailed flow and combustion physics of PCC is important for optimizing the PCC combustion. In this study, we investigated the gas exchange and flame jet from a narrow throat pre-chamber (PC) by only fueling the PC with methane in an optical engine. Simultaneous negative acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging and OH* chemiluminescence imaging were applied to visualize the PC jet and flame jet from the PC, respectively. Results indicate a delay of the PC gas exchange relative to the built-up of the pressure difference (△ P) between PC and the main chamber (MC). This should be due to the gas inertia inside the PC and the resistance of the PC nozzle. The PC
Tang, Qinglong, Sampath, Ramgopal, Echeverri Marquez, Manuel, Hlaing, Ponnya, Sharma, Priybrat, Ben Houidi, Moez, Cenker, Emre, Chang, Junseok, Magnotti, Gaetano, Johansson, Bengt
Determination of Kinematic Parameters for the Combustion of Jatropha Based Bio-Diesel2020-01-214809/15/2020
Laminar burning velocity is a fundamental measurement describing how a flame propagates into quiescent unburned mixture ahead of the flame at a specified pressure and temperature. Laminar burning velocity of bio-diesel air mixture has been studied in a spherical bomb, using the pressure - time records. Initial pressure, temperature is varied to cover a range from 1 bar - 4 bar and 443K-523K respectively. The range of measurements covered the equivalence ratio from 0.8 to 1.2. Pressure-time records have been used to calculate the flame velocity, burned gas fraction, flame position etc., using a simplified, two zone thermodynamic model, assuming equilibrium composition and homogenous mixture for the burned gases. It is also assumed frozen composition and isentropic compression for the unburned mixture. For each experimental run, instantaneous burning velocities are calculated in the range of 1.5 P0 to 0.75 Pmax and the laminar burning velocity values between the burned mass fraction of
Nain, Ajay
The Use of Gaseous Fuels with Variable Chemical Composition in the Internal Combustion Engine2020-01-214009/15/2020
The publication contains the results and a summary of scientific and research work on the use of post-production gases to power the combustion engine. The work was focused on the problem of obtaining satisfactory values of the operation indicators of the internal combustion engine, in conditions of permanent variation of the chemical composition of the fuel. The publication also contains a description of: model studies of the combustion process of waste fuels, industrial research of engines fed with waste fuels, feeding system, ignition and control system.
Brzeżański, Marek, Mareczek, Michał, Papuga, Tadeusz, Marek, Wojciech
Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Biofuel Injection in an Optical Direct Injection Engine2020-01-212109/15/2020
The air-fuel mixture formation in an optical direct-injection internal combustion engine is investigated by numerical simulations for the two biofuels Ethanol and 2-Butanone. The gas phase in the internal combustion (IC) engine is predicted by a large-eddy simulation, in which the fuel phase is determined by a spray model based on Lagrangian particle tracking. A hollow-cone injector is used for which the primary breakup is modeled by a series of small full-cone injections, while the Rosin-Rammler initial droplet size distribution is used. The secondary spray break-up is modeled by the Kelvin-Helmholtz-Rayleigh-Taylor (KHRT) model, and the evaporation of the fuel is determined by the Bellan-Harstad model. The gas phase simulation is based on a finite-volume method formulated for hierarchical Cartesian grids, in which the immersed moving boundaries are resolved using a multiple level-set/cut-cell approach. Characteristic boundary conditions are used to avoid artificial reflections at the
Berger, Sven, Wegmann, Tim, Meinke, Matthias, Schröder, Wolfgang
Complex Assessment of Fuel Efficiency and Diesel Exhaust Toxicity2020-01-218209/15/2020
Problems of reducing emissions of harmful substances and fuel consumption of the engine are interrelated, since they are mainly determined by the work process. Measures aimed to reducing fuel consumption cause changes, often upwards, toxic compound formation. The fuel and environmental criterion is proposed taking into account the engine operating conditions for a reasonable choice of technical solutions for the comprehensive improvement of fuel economy and toxic level indicators of the exhaust gases. This criterion allows assessing the effectiveness of solutions to improve combustion efficiency, the use of alternative fuels, exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, and other measures. Calculation and analysis of the comprehensive criterion calculation results allows determining the operation modes, for which the fuel cost and compensation for the environmental pollution damage are the most significant, purposefully develop measures aimed to improving the engine quality, evaluating
Parsadanov, Igor, Marchenko, Andrii, Tkachuk, Mykola, Kravchenko, Sergey, Polyvianchuk, Andrii, Strokov, Aleksandr, Gritsuk, Igor V., Rykova, Inna, Savchenkо, Anatolii, Smirnov, Oleh, Postol, Yulia, Savchuk, Volodymyr
New Coating Process Lights Porous Electronics and SensorsTBMG-3736408/01/2020
Researchers have shown how to coat glass and plastic with porous titanium dioxide. The fabrication process is straightforward, the materials are cheap, and the ceramic’s gas sensing performance is considerably improved compared with current devices.
Aluminum Alloy Powder 10.0Si - 0.35MgAMS7018 (Current)05/11/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Aluminum Alloy Powder 10.0Si - 0.35MgAMS7018-TEST-REC (Historical)05/11/2020
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
First-Principles Research on Adsorption of NOx on Pt Cluster and BaO Cluster Supported by γ-Al 2 O 3 (110) Surface2020-01-035704/14/2020
Lean NOx trap (LNT) is a great potential NOx abatement method for lean-burn gasoline engines in consideration of exhaust aftertreatment cost and installation space. NOx firstly is adsorbed on storage sites during the lean-burn period, then reduced to N2 under catalysis of the catalyst sites in the rich-burn phase. There must be a spillover of NOx species between both types of sites. For a better understanding of this spillover process of NOx species between Pt (as the catalytic center) and BaO sites (as storage components in commercial catalyst), this work focused on the vital first step of spillover, the adsorption of NOx on clean substrate surface (γ-Al2O3 (110) surface) and Ba\Pt cluster supported by the surface. Based on first principles software VASP (Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package), the most stable adsorption structures of NO with Pt3 clusters and (BaO)3 clusters on carrier γ- Al2O3 (110) surface were confirmed and the adsorption energy of these structures were compared
Li, Shilong, Zhang, Yanke, zhao, Jin
How Well Can mPEMS Measure Gas Phase Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions?2020-01-036904/14/2020
“Real world emissions” is an emerging area of focus in motor vehicle related air quality. These emissions are commonly recorded using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) designed for regulatory application, which are large, complex and costly. Miniature PEMS (mPEMS) is a developing technology that can significantly simplify on-board emissions measurement and potentially promote widespread use. Whereas full PEMS use analyzers to record NOx, CO, and HCs similar to those in emissions laboratories, mPEMS tend to use electrochemical sensors and compact optical detectors for their small size and low cost. The present work provides a comprehensive evaluation of this approach. It compares measurements of NOx, CO, CO2 and HC emissions from five commercial mPEMS to both laboratory and full regulatory PEMS analyzers. It further examines the use of vehicle on-board diagnostics data to calculate exhaust flow, as an alternative to on-vehicle exhaust flow measurement. The evaluations
Vu, Diep, Szente, Joseph, Loos, Michael, Maricq, Matti
Investigation of the operating conditions on the water and thermal management for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by one-dimensional model2020-01-085604/14/2020
Water and thermal management is an essential issue that influences performance and durability of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Water content in membrane decides its ionic conductivity and membrane swelling favors the ionic conductivity, resulting in decreases in the membrane’s ohmic resistance and improvement in the output voltage. However, if excessive liquid water can’t be removed out of cell quickly, it will fill in the pores of catalyst layer (CL) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) then flooding may occur. It is essential to keep the water content in membrane at a proper level. In this work, a transient isothermal one-dimensional model is developed to investigate effects of the relative humidity of inlet gas and cell temperature on performance of a PEMFC. Comprehensive physical and chemical phenomenon inside the cell is included, especially the mass transfer of hydrogen, oxygen, vapor and liquid water in gas channels, GDL and CL and non-frozen membrane water in
Wang, Xuhui, Dong, Yaqian, Xu, Sichuan
Wearable Gas Sensor Enhances SensitivityTBMG-3624403/01/2020
A highly sensitive wearable gas sensor for environmental and human health monitoring may soon become commercially available, according to researchers at Penn State and Northeastern University.
Threads Detect Gases When Woven into ClothingTBMG-3598902/01/2020
A fabrication method was developed to create dyed threads that change color when they detect a variety of gases. The threads can be read visually or even more precisely by use of a smartphone camera, to detect changes of color due to analytes as low as 50 parts per million. Woven into clothing, the gas-detecting threads could provide a reusable, washable, and affordable safety asset in medical, workplace, military, and rescue environments.
The Influence of the Content and Nature of the Dispersive Filler at the Formation of Coatings for Protection of the Equipment of River and Sea Transport05-13-01-000601/23/2020
To protect ship equipment of river and sea transport, it is suggested to use polymeric protective coatings based on epoxy diane oligomer ED-20, polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) curing agent and filler, which is a departure from industrial production. Thus the purpose of the work is analysis of major dependency of the properties on the content of fillers that allowed to revealed the critical filler content (furnace black) in composites to form a protective coating with the required set of characteristics. The infrared (IR) spectral analysis was used to investigate the presence of bonds on the surface of particles of the PM-75 furnace black, which allows us to assess the degree of cross-linking of the polymer. The influence of the content of dispersed furnace black on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties and the structure of the protective coating is investigated. For the formation of the coating with increased adhesive properties, the optimum content of the additive is q
Sapronov, Oleksandr, Buketov, Andriy, Sapronova, Anna, Sotsenko, Vitalii, Brailo, Mykola, Yakushchenko, Serhii, Maruschak, Pavlo, Smetankin, Serhii, Kulinich, Andriy, Kulinich, Viacheslav, Poberezhna, Liubov
Embedded Gas and Temperature Sensors for Extreme EnvironmentsTBMG-3582901/01/2020
Innovative process control systems for improved efficiency and lower emissions in current and future fossil-fuel-based power systems and related applications require durable, embedded sensor technology that can operate at higher temperatures and in harsh conditions.
Q&A: Refrigeration by Twisting FibersTBMG-3571312/01/2019
Dr. Ray Baughman, Director of the Alan G. MacDiarmid Nano Tech Institute at the University of Texas, Dallas, and his team discovered a new technology for refrigeration that is based on twisting and untwisting fibers.
Precipitation Hardenable Steel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Powder for Additive Manufacturing 16.0Cr - 4.0Ni - 4.0Cu - 0.30NbAMS7012 (Current)11/14/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
The Challenge of Replacing Hard ChromeTBMG-3535910/01/2019
The search for a suitable replacement for hard chrome on aerospace components has been a key supply chain priority for aircraft manufacturers. This is because of the documented health risks to workers and the impact on the environment from exposure to hexavalent chromium, a carcinogen that occurs during the chrome plating process and is the most toxic form of chromium.
Products of Tomorrow: October 2019TBMG-3528610/01/2019
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
The Challenge of Replacing Hard Chrome19AERP10_0310/01/2019
The search for a suitable replacement for hard chrome on aerospace components has been a key supply chain priority for aircraft manufacturers. This is because of the documented health risks to workers and the impact on the environment from exposure to hexavalent chromium, a carcinogen that occurs during the chrome plating process and is the most toxic form of chromium. As a result, chromium is a highly regulated chemical in major markets worldwide. In the European Union, hexavalent chromium falls under the domain of the EU regulation, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), which establishes guidelines for the safe use of chemicals throughout the supply chain. Chromium is also closely regulated in the United States by OSHA.
Groove Design - Metal Face SealAIR1108A (Current)06/06/2019
Groove designs presented herein are applicable for use with machined or formed metal seals which are similar in configuration to those shown in figure 3, which operate under internal pressure or in vacuum service and which have been specifically qualified or recommended by the purchaser or the manufacturer for use with this AIR. They are also applicable for use with metal o-rings (e.g., MS9142, MS202 thru MS9205) where interchangeability with machined or formed metal seals is desired. For metal o-ring groove designs where inter-changeability is not a requirement refer to ARP 674.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Numerical Modeling Study of Detailed Gas Diffusivity into Catalyst Washcoat for Lean NOx Catalyst2019-01-099304/02/2019
To evaluate the relationship between the exhaust gas purification performance and the catalyst pore properties related to gas diffusion, an elementary reaction model was combined with gas diffusion into catalyst pores, referred to as the pseudo-2D gas diffusion/reaction model. It was constructed for Pt/Al2O3 + CeO2 catalyst as lean NOx catalyst. The gas diffusion was described as macro pore diffusion between the catalyst particles and meso pore diffusion within the particle. The kinetic model was composed of 26 reactions of NO/CO/O2 chemistry including 17 Pt/Al2O3 catalyst reactions and 9 CeO2 reactions. Arrhenius parameters were optimized using activity measurement results from various catalysts with various pore properties, meso pore volume and diameter, macro pore volume and diameter, particle size, and washcoat thickness. Good agreement was achieved between the measured and calculated values. Moreover, as compared to the performance of other catalysts which was not used for
Yamamoto, Osami, Matsuo, Yuichi, Tosa, Shinichi, Okayama, Tatsuya, Zhang, Zhiwei, Tolsma, John
Study on Improvement of NOx Reduction Performance at Low Temperature Using Urea Reforming Technology in Urea SCR System2019-01-031704/02/2019
To reduce NOx and PM emissions in exhaust gas, after-treatment systems for low NOx emissions are being developed in combination with improvements of engine combustion. In recent years, the exhaust gas temperature has been dropping because of enhanced low-fuel consumption of the engine. Therefore, it is urgent to develop NOx reduction technologies that work at a low temperature under 200degC. Since NOx is reduced by reacting with ammonia supplied to the SCR catalyst, it is necessary to make the urea solution decompose into ammonia using the heat of the exhaust gas to supply sufficient ammonia to the SCR catalyst. However, both the decomposition reaction and hydrolysis reaction of the urea have insufficient exhaust heat, thus making it difficult for urea to decompose and hydrolyze to ammonia at a low temperature. To solve this problem, it focuses on forcibly decomposing the urea solution without depending on the exhaust gas temperature. We selected a urea reforming method in which the
Okada, Yuichi, Hirabayashi, Hiroshi, Sato, Shinya, Inoue, Hiroshi
Q&A: Professor Jaime Grunlan, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXTBMG-3414104/01/2019
Professor Grunlan and his team are developing a new flame-retardant coating using renewable, nontoxic materials readily found in nature that could provide effective fire protection for several widely used materials.
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing, 47.5Ni - 22Cr - 1.5Co - 9.0Mo - 0.60W - 18.5FeAMS7008 (Current)03/26/2019
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Effects of Isotopic Calibration Gases on IR Quantification Analyzer Techniques to Measure CO and CO 2 in Engine Emissions Testing2019-01-007601/15/2019
Infrared spectroscopic methods are the most common methods in the automotive industry for measuring carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases. Concentrations of both gases, which are emitted from the combustion of fuels, are required to be determined accurately in order to follow strict environmental regulations. Appropriate analytical techniques and accurate calibration gas mixtures are therefore critical for successful measurements. Regulatory documents such as the EPA’s Code of Federal Regulations 40 (CFR 40) part 1065.250, UN ECE-R83, and (EU) 2017/1151 recommend a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer to measure CO and CO2 concentrations in raw or diluted exhaust gas samples. Over the last decade, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry has been validated and recommended in engine exhaust certification testing as well as in engine and vehicle development activities. The variation in the isotopic ratio of 13C/12C in natural atmospheric CO2 is in the range of ± 2
Kumar, Anuj, Arlitt, Bertold, Jacksier, Tracey
The Rotating Liner Engine (RLE) Diesel Prototype: Preliminary Testing2019-01-008401/15/2019
The Rotating Liner Engine (RLE) concept is a design concept for internal combustion engines, where the cylinder liner rotates at a surface speed of 2-4 m/s in order to assist piston ring lubrication. Specifically, we have evidence from prior art and from our own research that the above rotation has the potential of eliminating the metal-to-metal contact/boundary friction that exists close to the piston reversal areas. This frictional source becomes a significant energy loss, especially in the compression/expansion part of the cycle, when the gas pressure that loads the piston rings and skirts is high. This paper describes the Diesel RLE prototype constructed from a Cummins 4BT and the preliminary observations from initial low load testing. The critical technical challenge, namely the rotating liner face seal, appears to be operating with negligible gas leakage and within the hydrodynamic lubrication regime for the loads tested (peak cylinder pressures of the order of 80 bar).
Dardalis, Dimitrios, Hall, Matthew, Matthews, Ron, Basu, Amiyo, Ozel, Tayyar
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing, 60Ni - 22Cr - 2.0Mo - 14W - 0.35Al - 0.03LaAMS7013 (Current)01/03/2019
The intended upper bound of this specification is that the particle size distribution (PSD) of powders supplied shall be <60 mesh (250 µm) and that no powder (0.0 wt.%) greater than 40 mesh (425 µm) is allowed.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
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