This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of glass to metal lap shears for determining shear strength of sealant adhesives for automotive stationary glass bonding. This procedure can also be used for fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) when used in place of metal.

Materials, Processes and Parts Council

New Coating Process Lights Porous Electronics and Sensors

TBMG-37364

08/01/2020

Researchers have shown how to coat glass and plastic with porous titanium dioxide. The fabrication process is straightforward, the materials are cheap, and the ceramic’s gas sensing performance is considerably improved compared with current devices.

Nano-Infused Ceramic Can Report its own Health

TBMG-3683005/01/2020

A ceramic was developed that becomes more electrically conductive under elastic strain and less conductive under plastic strain. The material could lead to a new generation of sensors embedded into structures like buildings, bridges, and aircraft able to monitor their own health.

Additive Manufacturing Method for Sub-Microscale Three-Dimensional Structures

TBMG-3637604/01/2020

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a substantial advancement in additive manufacturing technology. The method eliminates most material restrictions, enabling fabrication of sub-microscale three-dimensional structures composed of nearly any material that is compatible with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) including metallic and ceramic materials. Current technology for the production of microscale three-dimensional structures, such as two-photon lithography, is generally limited to the use of photosensitive polymeric materials.

Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Correlated Oxide Field Effect Switching Devices for High Speed Electronics

TBMG-3660604/01/2020

Metal insulator transitions (MITs) in oxides are an intriguing problem from both a fundamental materials physics and an applied technology perspective. Though the precise roles of electron correlations and lattice distortions on the phase transition remains an active area of research, many recent theoretical studies have suggested intimate interplay among the orbital splitting/polarization, correlation effects, and Peierls dimerization in the 3d1 system. Occupied states have been probed by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a rough structure of unoccupied 3d-like states have been deduced by O K-edge x-ray absorption measurements. NbO2, a 4d1 system, like VO2 crystallizes in a distorted rutile type structure with Nb dimers and undergoes a temperature induced MIT, albeit at a considerably higher temperature of ~1083 K. It is commonly accepted that because 4d orbital valence states are more dispersed in both space and energy, Mott physics is less important in 4d transition metal

Alternatives to Cadmium Plating

AIR4160B (Current)03/24/2020

To document and provide access to information obtained by an industry survey.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Celebrating Women in Engineering & Science: Renee Bernstein, CEO, Cotronics Corporation

TBMG-3616703/01/2020

Welding Ceramics with Lasers

TBMG-3599202/01/2020

Ceramics have been challenging to weld together because they need extremely high temperatures to melt, exposing them to extreme temperature gradients that cause cracking. Ceramic materials are biocompatible, extremely hard, and shatter-resistant, making them ideal for biomedical implants and protective casings for electronics.

Thermally Conductive Polymer Films

TBMG-3597702/01/2020

Polymers are commonly used for thermal insulation as they are excellent at trapping heat. Thin polymer films were developed that conduct heat — an ability normally associated with metals. The films, which are thinner than plastic wrap, conduct heat better than many metals including steel and ceramic.

Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Al 7075 Composite Reinforced with TiC and Al ₂ O ₃ Particles

2019-28-009410/11/2019

Various research regarding new types of fabrication and modifications of Aluminium alloy to improve the existing properties are going on. The wide range application of aluminium alloy is in aerospace and Automobile Industries. The demand for this material improved by mechanical properties with little to zero increment in weight. The current work is based on the fabrication of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites with the addition of TiC (Titanium Carbide) and Al2O3 (Aluminium Oxide) reinforcement particle using stir casting technique. Three types of hybrid composite samples were prepared based on the weight percentage 5% Al2O3+0% TiC (sample-1), 8% Al2O3 + 12% TiC (sample-2), 20% Al2O3+15% TiC (sample-3). The objective of the study is to analyze the mechanical and corrosion properties of the hybrid composite with the influence of the reinforcement and varying the weight fraction of the particles. Overall, It is observed that a gradual increase in the hardness value in sample-1(83

Jaiswal, Subham, Rajamurugan, Govindasamy, Krishnasamy, Prabu, Shaswat, Yashwardhan, Kaushik, Mishra

Low-Cost and Light-Weight Fireproof Material for Aircraft: Interior, Cargo Compartment and Unit Load Device (Fire and Explosion Container ULD)

2019-01-185709/16/2019

Fire is a dramatic issue in aircraft nowadays, especially for composite air craft. An additional issue is the dangerous use of flammable Li-Ion batteries in many devices. To minimize fire issues, it is proposed to produce aircraft interiors, fire doors, cargo bay walls, and cargo containers that are able to contain a fire inside them, with our ceramic composite called TOUGHCERAM®. It is low-cost, ceramic, damage tolerant, and flexible between minus 100°C and plus 350°C. TOUGHCERAM® poly-crystalizes between 20°C and 110°C and can be reinforced with fibers (carbon or basalt). It will survive 90 minutes under direct contact with a propane torch of 1900°C. TOUGHCERAM® does not burn or smoke. This paper will explain how it is possible to develop a fully mineral-ceramic offering with unique mechanical, fire, and blast containment properties.

Sardou, Max

Heat Transfer Analysis of Catalytic Converters during Cold Starts

2019-24-016309/09/2019

The transient heat transfer behavior of an automotive catalytic converter has been simulated with OpenFOAM in 1D. The model takes into consideration the gas-solid convective heat transfer, axial wall conduction and heat capacity effects in the solid phase, but also the chemical reactions of CO oxidation, based on simplified Arrhenius and Langmuir-Hinshelwood approaches. The associated parameters are the results of data in literature tuned by experiments. Simplified cases of constant flow rates and gas temperatures in the catalyst inflow have been chosen for a comprehensive analysis of the heat and mass transfer phenomena. The impact of inlet flow temperatures and inlet flow rates on the heat up characteristics as well as in the CO emissions have been quantified. A dimensional analysis is proposed and dimensionless temperature difference and space-time coordinates are introduced. Using this suitably modified coordinates, for the case of negligible axial solid conduction, computed solid

Papetti, Viola, Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Panayotis, Della Torre, Augusto, Montenegro, Gianluca, Onorati, Angelo, Koltsakis, Grigorios

Thermal Conductivities of Some Polymers and Composites

TBMG-3486808/01/2019

Thermoset polymers are good electrical insulators that are used in applications ranging from electronics to composite armor. They are rather poor thermal conductors, however.

High-Temperature Dielectric Nanocomposite

TBMG-3489908/01/2019

A nanocomposite was developed that could be a superior high-temperature dielectric material for flexible electronics, energy storage, and electric devices. The nanocomposite combines one-dimensional polymer nanofibers and two-dimensional boron nitride nano-sheets. The nanofibers reinforce the self-assembling material while the white graphene nanosheets provide a thermally conductive network that allows it to withstand the heat that breaks down common dielectrics, the polarized insulators in batteries, and other devices that separate positive and negative electrodes.

Thermal Conductivities of Some Polymers and Composites

19AERP08_0908/01/2019

Assessing the performance of polymers used in structural armor and filament winding applications. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Thermoset polymers are good electrical insulators that are used in applications ranging from electronics to composite armor. They are rather poor thermal conductors, however. For encapsulation of electronic components and devices, there is a huge amount of literature on filled polymers, particularly epoxies. One source provides a recent review of thermal conductivity (Kt) of filled polymers with emphasis on carbon nanotube loading. As an example of a low Kt polymer, a Kt of 0.3 watts per meter per degree kelvin (W/MK) for unfilled polyurethane from an unidentified source has been cited, with higher values for filled resin. Measurements have also been reported on particle-filled polypropylene with a neat resin Kt of 0.27 W/MK. These thermal conductivities are higher than those of most epoxies, and much lower than those of metals

Failsafe Linear Magnetic Brakes

TBMG-3411304/01/2019

Linear permanent magnet brakes, also known as eddy current brakes, are a failsafe, power-free deceleration system that is used in conjunction with a metal reaction plate. Ceramic or rare earth magnets are bonded to a steel back iron plate; no input power is required.

Metallic Hollow Nanoparticle Fabrication

TBMG-3415604/01/2019

NASA Langley Research Center has developed new methods for fabricating hollow nanoparticles using dendrimer molecules. Dendrimers are used as templates to control the size, stability, and solubility of these metallic nanoparticles ranging in metal lining thicknesses from less than 5 nm to several tens of nm.

Contaminant-Free Steel

TBMG-3360801/01/2019

For many highly stressed engineering applications like bearings and gears, contaminated steel parts can lead to devastating outcomes such as an emergency shutdown or the end of a mission. Ensuring that these critical components are as homogeneous as possible and free from porosity and other flaws is vital to performance, yet conventional steelmaking processes have multiple pathways of entry for unwanted contamination.

Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 29Fe - 22Cr - 21Ni - 18.5Co - 3.2Mo - 2.8W - 0.78Ta - 0.30Al - 0.05Zr - 0.05La - 0.20N Solution Heat Treated

AMS5874C (Historical)

10/10/2018

This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 29Fe - 22Cr - 21Ni - 18.5Co - 3.2Mo - 2.8W - 0.78Ta - 0.30Al - 0.05Zr - 0.05La - 0.20N Solution Heat Treated

AMS5874C-TEST-REC (Historical)10/10/2018

This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

High-Kinetic-Energy Penetrator Shielding and High-Wear-Resistance Materials Fabricated with Boron Nitride Nanotubes and BNNT Polymer Composites

TBMG-3283109/01/2018

In recent years, anti-penetration materials have been more widely used for armor, bulletproof vests, and micrometeoroid and orbital debris protection layers for space-suits, space vehicles, and structures. Micrometeoroids develop very high kinetic energies as they travel through space, and pose a significant hazard to spacecraft and astronauts. The velocities of micrometeorites can reach 20 kilometers per second prior to impact on the lunar surface. Therefore, a new protective system utilizing new materials is needed to effectively shield the space vehicles and structures against the high-kinetic-energy penetrators as well as provide penetration-resistant spacesuits. In order to maximize the protection ability against high-kinetic-energy penetrators, the following two major material properties should be considered: high hardness for rebounding and/or gross mechanical deformation of the penetrator, and high toughness for effective energy absorption during the mechanical deformation (and

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Alumina Nanoparticle Reinforced Magnesium Metal Matrix Composite by Stir Casting Method

2018-28-009807/09/2018

In the present experimental investigation magnesium based alloy was prepared by mixing magnesium powder and aluminium powder in the ratio 65:35. The prepared magnesium alloy is used as the matrix material. Metal matrix composites were prepared by stir casting route. The composite was prepared by reinforcing 50 nm alumina nanoparticle so that the final composite contains 5, 10 and 15 wt.% alumina. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, impact strength and hardness were evaluated. Significant improvement was observed in impact strength and hardness value. The result showed that magnesium alloy with 5 wt.% alumina nanoparticle has a maximum impact strength of 25.2 J and hardness value 63.86 Hv respectively. Tensile strength and yield strength shows marginal increase in value.

T, Thirugnanasambandham, J, Chandradass, Sethupathi, P Baskara, Jesu Martin, Leenus

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Elastic Modulus of SIC _P /AL ₂ O ₃ Ceramic Matrix Composites Prepared by Directed Metal Oxidation Process

2018-28-004707/09/2018

The present paper, it is aimed to prepare SiCp/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites using Directed Metal Oxidation process large enough dimension specimens for the measurement of physical properties. Continuous oxidation of an Aluminum alloy with suitable dopant along with a preform of SiC has lead to the formation of alumina matrix surrounding silicon carbide particulates. SiCp/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites fabricated by the Directed Metal Oxidation process, possess required physical properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic modulus, all at an affordable cost of fabrication. Al2O3 matrix composites reinforced with different volume fractions of SiC particulates were investigated for physical properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic modulus. The composites with SiC volume fraction of 0.43 were found to possess a CTE as of as 5.0 x 10−6/K and an elastic modulus of 262 GPa.

Malkapuram, Dr Devaiah

Products of Tomorrow: June 2018

TBMG-2904306/01/2018

This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.

Ferroelectric Material Improves Ultrasound

TBMG-2894505/01/2018

Development of a theoretical basis for ultrahigh piezoelectricity in ferroelectric materials has led to a new material with twice the piezo response of any existing commercial ferroelectric ceramics.

Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment and Prevention of Corrosion on

AMSM3171 (Historical)02/25/2018

This specification covers general requirements for the apparatus, material, and procedures to be used in the processing of magnesium base alloys for the purpose of increasing their corrosion resistance and by producing surfaces suitable for organic paint finish systems.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Conductive, High-Toughness Oxides Deposited by Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD)

TBMG-2832502/01/2018

Oxide coatings deposited in Glenn Research Center's Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) facility can be processed to be mechanically tough (erosion-resistant) and electrically conductive at room temperature. The electrically conductive phase contained within the oxide (MO2) coatings is a metastable suboxide (MO) that has not been formed in significant volume under any other known methods. Content of the electrically conductive phase can be varied in addition to the microstructure, which can be columnar, planar, or a combination of the two depending on the processing conditions. Upon exposing the material to moderate temperatures (>300 °C), the metastable phase is further oxidized (to MO2) and the material becomes insulating, but retains its high toughness and microstructure.

Non-Destructive Additive Manufacturing Characterization Coupon

TBMG-2814801/01/2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) material assurance has relied upon traditional test coupons and testing methods that work well for wrought materials, but fail to address the unique and not as well-known characteristics of AM parts. A new standardized, integrated test coupon was designed specifically for AM that allows for non-destructive testing of material properties, allowing for repeated testing through a series of environments in order to characterize part reliability.

New Products & Services: December 2017 Aerospace Manufacturing & Fabrication

TBMG-2793912/01/2017

Flexible, Printable Electronics for Sensor Arrays

TBMG-2778911/01/2017

Printable electronics — flexible circuitry that is deposited on some type of plastic substrate — has been a major area of research for decades. But the ability to print the substrate itself greatly increases the range of devices the technique can yield.

Ultralight, Scalable, High-Temperature-Resilient Ceramic Nanofiber Sponges

TBMG-2752209/01/2017

Researchers have made ultralight, highly porous, compressible, and heat-resistant sponge-like materials from nanoscale ceramic fibers. The highly deformable material is made by tangling ceramic nanofibers into a sponge. The method used is inexpensive and scalable for making large quantities.

Composite Materials Handbook Volume 5 - Revision A

R-42606/29/2017

The fifth volume of this six-volume compendium publishes technical guidance and properties on ceramic matrix composite material systems. The selected guidance on technical topics related to this class of composites includes material selection, processing, characterization, testing, data reduction, design, analysis, quality control, application, case histories, and lessons learned of typical ceramic matrix composite materials. Volume 5, which covers ceramic matrix composites, supersedes MIL-HDBK-17-5 of June 17, 2002. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is an engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite materials that meet specific data requirements as well as guidelines for

Composites and Metal Bonding Glossary

AIR4844C (Current)06/20/2017

The following terminology has been generated by the ATA/IATA/SAE Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee (CACRC) and provides terminology for design, fabrication, and repair of composite and bonded metal structures.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Highly Porous and Mechanically Strong Ceramic Oxide Aerogels

TBMG-2683605/01/2017

NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed and produced ultra-lightweight polymer cross-linked aerogels (X-Aerogels). These mechanically robust, highly porous, low-density materials are three times denser than native aerogels, but more than 100 times stronger. Aerogels are ultra-lightweight glass foams with extremely small pores (on the order of 10 to 50 nanometers). These materials are extremely good thermal insulators, with R values ranging from 2 to 10 times higher than polymer foams. Unlike multilayer insulation, aerogels do not require a high vacuum to maintain their low thermal conductivity, and can function as good thermal insulators at ambient pressure. In addition, they are good electrical insulators and have low refractive indices, both approaching values close to air. Aerogels are also excellent vibration-damping materials. Traditional aerogels, however, suffer fragility and poor environmental durability.

The Heavy Impact of Advanced Lightweight Materials

TBMG-2651403/01/2017

Historically, high-strength materials have been heavy and dense. The need for high-strength but lightweight materials has become more widespread when designing everything from vehicles and aircraft, to buildings and wind turbines. These advanced materials are enabling engines to operate efficiently at higher temperatures, use less fuel, and emit fewer pollutants, as well as finding uses in many other applications.

Method for Fabricating Diamond-Dispersed, Fiber-Reinforced Composite Coating on Low-Temperature Sliding Thrust Bearing Interfaces

TBMG-2634602/01/2017

Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a method for fabricating a fiber-reinforced diamond composite coating on the surfaces of sliding thrust bearings at low and cryogenic temperatures. The innovative composite coating is a mixture of diamond particles, organic chemicals, and fibers or fabrics. The diamond particles provide high hardness, and the fibers and binding matrix provide high-fracture toughness. Glenn's fabrication method can be tailored to meet a range of performance requirements for lightweight, low-temperature sliding thrust bearing applications. For example, the volume fraction of diamond particles can be increased to enhance the hardness of the composite coating, or the volume fraction of binding matrix can be increased to enhance its crack or fracture resistance. Glenn's method offers a diamond composite coating that is more cost-effective, wear-resistant, and fracture-tough than existing alternatives.

Flexible Ablator for Thermal Protection

TBMG-2535009/01/2016

NASA has developed a class of low-density, flexible ablators that can be fabricated into heat-shields capable of being packaged, stowed, and deployed in space. The key characteristics of this new ablative thermal protection system (TPS) are its flexibility, conformability, and tailor-ability. Flexibility allows the material to be stowed in the shroud of a launch vehicle and deployed in space, without compromising functionality. Conformability allows the material to be attached to a curved surface without precise and expensive machining. Tailor-ability allows the density and composition to be optimized for the requirements. This flexible TPS can be used to cover and thermally protect a large, blunt shape that provides aerodynamic drag during hyper-velocity atmospheric flight. It can be used with minimal modification for large aeroshells whose deployment relies mainly on mechanical means and through inflation. Such devices are called Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators (HIADs

Toughened Uni-piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC)

TBMG-2535309/01/2016

The Toughened Uni-piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC) allows for much more affordable and sustainable operations involving Space Launch Services and other systems that utilize Earth re-entry vehicles. TUFROC has an exposed surface design and appropriate materials combination that will allow a space vehicle to survive both the mechanical stresses during launch and the extreme heating and stress of re-entry. It provides a thermal protection tile attachment system that is suitable for not only spacecraft applications, but also could be used where there are extreme heating environments [up to 3100 °F for 5 to 10 minutes and 3600 °F, and possibly higher, for very short time intervals (one-minute or less)].

Aluminoborosilicate Supplement for Thermal Protection of a Re-entrant Vehicle

TBMG-2496707/01/2016

The Toughened Uni-piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Com posite (TUFROC) allows for much more affordable and sustainable operations involving Space Launch Services and other systems that utilize Earth reentry vehicles. TUFROC has an exposed surface design and appropriate materials combination that will allow a space vehicle to survive both the mechanical stresses of the initial ascent, and the extreme heating and stress of re-entry. It provides a thermal protection tile attachment system that is suitable for application to a space vehicle leading edge, and for other uses in extreme heating environments (up to 3600 °F, and possibly higher, for short time intervals).

Fatigue Time-to-Failure Prediction Methodology for Glass (Fused Quartz) Material under Cyclic Loading

2016-01-038804/05/2016

In amorphous solids such as fused quartz, the failure mechanism under cyclic loading is very different when compared to metals where this failure is attributable to dislocation movement and eventual slip band activity. Standard mechanical fatigue prediction methodologies, S-N or ε-N based, which have been historically developed for metals are rendered inapplicable for this class of material. The fatigue strength of Fused Silica or Fused Quartz (SiO2) material is known to be highly dependent on the stressed area and the surface finish. Stable crack growth in Region II of the V-K curve (Crack growth rate vs Stress intensity factor) is dependent on the competing and transitional effects of temperature and humidity, along that specific section of the stress intensity factor abscissa. Fused glass (under harsh environment conditions) finds usage in Automotive, Marine and Aerospace applications, where stress and load (both static and cyclic) can be severe. In the present work we have

Pandey, Abhijeet, Singhal, Mohit Kr., Kovacich, John, Rau, Christopher

Piezoelectric Actuator for a 2-inch Isolation Cryogenic Valve

TBMG-2346512/01/2015

This project is focused on the development of a high-force, high-speed piezoelectric actuator for control of a 2-inch (≈5-cm) isolation valve application in a cryogenic vacuum environment. The piezo motor actuators on the two cryogenic isolation valves were successfully tested at NASA MSFC at 300 to 400 psi (≈2.07 to 2.76 MPa) flow pressure. The testing did not expose the piezo elements to temperatures below 0 °C. Iceramic piezo material has not failed under cryogenic testing to the date of this reporting.

Smart MMOD Thermal Blanket

TBMG-23211

11/01/2015

This innovation provides for significantly improved protection from micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) particles, and reliably determines the location, depth, and extent of MMOD impact damage.

NASA PS400 High-Temperature Solid Lubricant Coating

TBMG-22854

09/01/2015

NASA has an ongoing need for high-temperature solid lubricant coatings to reduce friction and wear in turbine engines, rocket engines, and other mechanical systems. Such lubricants must be thermally and chemically stable in air, vacuum, and reducing environments like hydrogen. Traditional lubricants like oil, grease, and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), and even more exotic solid lubricants like graphite and molybdenum disulphide, lack such capabilities. The key problem is to identify and formulate a material that possesses good mechanical properties, long-term environmental durability, and acceptable friction and wear-reducing characteristics while being practical to apply to bearings, seals, and other mechanical components.

Improved Attachment Design for Ceramic Turbine Blades Via Hybrid Concepts

TBMG-22550

08/01/2015

This innovation is a hybrid metal-ceramic matrix composite (CMC) turbine blade in which a SiC/SiC CMC airfoil section is bonded to a single-crystal superalloy root section in order to mitigate risks associated with an all-CMC blade inserted in a superalloy disk. This will allow current blade attachment technology (SX blade with a dovetail attachment to a slotted Ni disk) to be used with a ceramic airfoil. The bond between the CMC and single crystal will be primarily mechanical in nature, and enhance with clamping arising from thermal expansion mismatch. Two single-crystal root sections will be bonded to each other using diffusion bonding at temperatures near 1,200 °C. The single crystals will form a clamshell around the CMC, with little or no gap between the metal and ceramic. Upon cooling, the metal will shrink around the CMC to firmly clamp it. It is envisioned that this will allow the blade root to operate at temperatures up to about 800 °C. Single crystals will resist stress

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