Browse Topic: Waste disposal

Items (48)

Aerospace Fluid Power - Waste Reduction Practices for Used Phosphate Ester Aviation Hydraulic Fluid

AIR5277B (Current)08/22/2019

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the generation of used phosphate ester aviation hydraulic fluid (AS1241) that is deemed waste because it does not meet in-service limits for use in aircraft. This document also lists the relevant United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) regulations on used hydraulic fluid that are in force at the time of this report's publication. Regulations of other countries as well as those for states and municipalities should be consulted prior to initiating any of the waste disposal recommendations listed here.

A-6C3 Fluids Committee

3D Printable Sensors Disposed of Without Contaminating the Environment

TBMG-3459206/01/2019

Simon Fraser University and Swiss researchers are developing an eco-friendly, 3D printable solution for producing wireless Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors that can be used and disposed of without contaminating the environment.

Organic Compound Turns Toxic Waste into Harmless Byproducts

TBMG-3416704/01/2019

Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.

Wet Waste Drying Bag

TBMG-23044

10/01/2015

This invention facilitates collection, storage, concentration, and drying of liquid or mixed liquid/solid waste material. The invention may serve as a portable toilet or may be used to dry biological specimens or concentrate water samples for analysis. It can replace diapers, special plastic bags, and airflow waste disposal systems used in space missions. The resulting products are clean, but not potable, water and dried, compacted, bagged material that may be human waste or other matter. The bag simplifies collection and reduces disposal cost.

Formation of Quantitative and Age Structure of Tractor Park in the Conditions of Limitation of Resources of Agricultural Production

2015-26-014701/14/2015

A feature of the present state of the Russian agricultural industry is that productive resources (tractor pool, arable land area and number of workers involved) are diminishing and the reduction does not have a quantified value. In the prevailing conditions of limited resources, agricultural enterprises are forced to operate tractors beyond their amortization periods on a massive scale, which results in an unpredictable service life. This situation calls for an assessment of the optimal composition of the tractor pool in terms of number and age. By way of a solution to this problem, the given article presents a methodological approach as to the analysis of two opposing factors. On the one hand, it takes into account the fact that the use of tractors beyond their depreciation periods leads to increased costs of their operation and further yield losses related to the poor technical condition factor, which is proportional to the number of tractors with expired depreciation periods. On the

Shevtsov, Vladimir, Lavrov, Alexandr, Izmailov, Andrei, lobachevskii, Yakov

Titanium Alloy Welding Wire 6Al – 4V, Extra Low Interstitial Environment Controlled Packaging

AMS4956F (Historical)04/02/2013

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Arizona - Reporting by Scrap Metal/Used Automotive Components Dealers

RS-BNA-MARCH_13_0103/15/2013

Notice of the Department of Public Safety announces a supplement to and an additional hearing on a Feb. 8, 2013, proposed rule that adopts regulations under R17-7-101, -102, and -103 regarding reporting by scrap metal and used automotive components dealers. The rule establishes standards for dealers to submit an electronic record of receipt of most scrap metal and lead-acid batteries to the department within 24 hours of receipt. The supplemental proposal removes provisions that would have required the submission of information including photographs of the lead-acid or scrap metal received and of the seller for purposes of law enforcement. The hearing is scheduled for April 22, 2013, in Phoenix. Comments now are due April 26, 2013. Contact: Gregory Zatcoff; DPS; (602-223-2264)

Arizona - Reporting by Scrap Metal/Used Automotive Components Dealers

RS-BNA-FEB_13_0102/08/2013

Proposed rule of the Department of Public Safety adopts regulations under R17-7-101, -102, and -103 regarding reporting by scrap metal and used automotive components dealers. The rule establishes standards for dealers to submit an electronic record of receipt of most scrap metal and lead-acid batteries to the department within 24 hours of receipt. A hearing is scheduled for March 11, 2013, in Phoenix. Comments are due March 15, 2013. Contact: Gregory Zatcoff; DPS; (602-223-2264)

SAE Off-Highway Engineering 2013-02-07

13OFHD020702/07/2013

Powdered tires Researchers quantify several environmental benefits associated with using ultra-fine scrap tire rubber powders in virgin and recycled rubber and plastics compounds.

Arizona - Reporting by Scrap Metal/Used Automotive Components Dealers

RS-BNA-DEC_12_0112/21/2012

Notice announces the intention of the Department of Public Safety to adopt regulations under R17-7-101 through -105 regarding reporting by scrap metal and used automotive components dealers. The rule establishes standards for dealers to submit an electronic record of receipt of most scrap metal and lead-acid batteries to the department within 24 hours of receipt. Comments are requested, but a due date is not specified. Contact: Gregory Zatcoff; DPS; (602-223-2264)

Tools to Prepare Aluminum Surfaces for Bonding

TBMG-1484510/01/2012

Bonding to aluminum can be a difficult task. Many engineers will search for a single and simple remedy in the form of a low-temperature adhesive for making structural joints without welding. A number of manufacturers offer adhesives intended to get the job done. VHB foam tapes have also been studied as a solution, depending upon application requirements such as shear, peel resistance, service temperature, and energy absorption. However, all adhesive-based remedies and their performance specifications will be compromised if surface preparation is overlooked.

Lithuania - Amendments Regarding Management of Waste Batteries

RS-BNA-AUG_12_1907/22/2012

The Ministry of Environment has adopted amendments to the Rules on Batteries and Accumulators and Management of Waste Batteries and Accumulators (D1-613/2012) that require manufacturers and importers of portable batteries and accumulators to organize and finance the collection of waste batteries and the transfer of collected batteries to licensed waste managers. In addition, beginning Jan. 1, 2013, manufacturers and importers of batteries and accumulators using them for their own needs are obliged to manage waste of those batteries and accumulators by themselves or to transfer it to licensed waste managers. The amendments were adopted July 22, 2012.

Argentina - Electrical And Electronic Equipment Draft Law

RS-BNA-AUG_12_1407/12/2012

The Argentina House of Representatives has issued a draft law requiring electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) manufacturers and importers to take back waste electronics from consumers and ensure its recovery and sound disposal (draft Law 4845-D/2012 on Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment). Under the draft law, EEE would have to display its brand or manufacturer identification and be marked with the separated disposal symbol. EEE manufacturers would have to provide information on EEE placed on the market to the national register on EEE manufacturers and the national waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) register. Consumers would have to dispose of WEEE separately from household waste. The draft law was issued July 12, 2012.

Colombia - Proposed Bill on Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Handling

RS-BNA-MAY_12_0604/11/2012

The House of Representatives of the Congress of Columbia has introduced a bill on the comprehensive management of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). The bill, Draft Law 277 of 2011, would require manufacturers and importers of electric and electronic equipment to establish a take-back management system to ensure the sound management of these products. Consumers would have to dispose of WEEE at authorized collection points. Manufacturers and importers would also have to provide information to consumers, comply with design requirements, and ensure that electronic waste is not disposed of in landfills. WEEE covered under the proposed law would be further detailed in an implementing regulation.

High Volume Production of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Parts

11VATC8080203/23/2012

With the increased demand for high volume, cost-effective, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts, the lack of high throughput systems has become more pronounced. Thermoforming as a method to generate complex shapes from a flat preform is dependable and fast. In order to use readily available, standard unidirectional impregnated thermoplastic tape in this process, a flat perform must be created prior to the thermoforming step. Formerly, creating the preform by hand layup was a time consuming and therefore costly, step. Fiberforge�?s patented RELAY� technology overcomes the challenges of handling thermoplastic prepreg tape and provides a solution through the automated creation of a flat preform, referred to as a Tailored Blank?. Producing a part for thermoforming with accurate ply orientation and scrap minimization is now as simple as loading a material spool followed by a pressing a start button. Presenter Christina McClard, Fiberforge

McClard, Christina

Enhanced Protection for LEDs: Parylene Offers a Clear View into the Future

TBMG-1435911/01/2010

All LEDs, OLEDs, and AMOLEDs (light-emitting diodes, organic LEDs, and active-matrix OLED, respectively) are miniaturized solid-state technologies. Some are moving into the realm of quantum dot nanotechnology. Because they are all highly miniaturized electronic assemblies, they face the same basic challenges faced by all modern electronic nano-assemblies — dense, powerful capabilities designed into a micro-packaged device.

Pyrolysis of Mixed Solid Food, Paper, and Packaging Wastes

2008-01-205006/29/2008

Pyrolysis is a very versatile waste processing technology which can be tailored to produce a variety of solid, liquid and/or gaseous products. The pyrolysis processing of pure and mixed solid waste streams has been under investigation for several decades for terrestrial use and a few commercial units have been built for niche applications. Pyrolysis has more recently been considered for the processing of mixed solid wastes in space. While pyrolysis units can easily handle mixed solid waste streams, the dependence of the pyrolysis product distribution on the component composition is not well known. It is often assumed that the waste components (e.g., food, paper, plastic) behave independently, but this is a generalization that can usually only be applied to the overall weight loss and not always to the yields of individual gas species. The current paper will present results on pyrolysis of various mixtures of plastic (polyethylene), food (composite of 40% assorted dried food, 30% flour

Serio, Michael, Kroo, Erik, Florczak, Elizabeth, Wójtowicz, Marek, Wignarajah, Kanapathipillai, Hogan, John, Fisher, John

Lift Capacity Calculation Method Scrap and Material Handlers

J2518_200804 (Historical)04/14/2008

This SAE Standard provides a uniform method to calculate the lift capacity of scrap and material handlers, establishes definitions and specifies machine conditions for the calculations. This document applies to scrap and material handlers as defined in SAE J2506 that have a 360 degrees continuous rotating upper structure. It does not apply to equipment that is incapable of lifting a load completely off the ground. This document applies to those machines that are crawler, wheel, rail and pedestal or stationary mounted. Purpose The purpose of this SAE document is to establish a consistent, repeatable means of determining the lift capacity for the types of equipment contained therein. Applicability Lift capacity calculations and the resulting rated lift capacity chart are developed by the equipment manufacturer or the entity that assembles and or modifies basic components to produce the complete machine for each machine model that is produced.

MTC C5, Excavators

Titanium Alloy Welding Wire 6Al - 4V, Extra Low Interstitial Environment Controlled Packaging

AMS4956E (Historical)02/15/2008

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

From Wastefulness to Competitiveness

2007-01-290711/28/2007

The proposal of this paper is to deal with the waste elimination and the continuous improvement management in a productive process to guarantee the passport for the global competition to companies. From a systematic vision of the existing processes, the management of the continuous improvement is a must in all levels of the organization, considering the coordination of activities, the application of problems solving technique and its solution implementation up to the measurement of the achieved results. An efficient form to reduce costs and reach the competitiveness is the application of waste elimination by techniques, methodologies and qualification. The results of successful considered companies for being “Best-in-class” in profitability demonstrate that the success is directly related to processes in the business and therefore offer high quality products, in a short period of time with a relatively lower cost.

Avelino, Ana Cristina, Campos, Sonia Teresa de Castro Coimbra

Preparation and Characterization of Sweetpotato Peels for use as Dietary Fiber Enhancement in Space Foods

2007-01-305307/09/2007

The study prepared and characterized sweetpotato peels (SPP) for use as a dietary fiber supplement in space foods. SPP were fresh, dehydrated, blanched/dehydrated, frozen/dehydrated, freeze-dried, and blanched/freeze-dried. Total fiber, β-carotene, water-, oil-holding and swelling capacity, moisture, ash, protein, water activity and vitamin C were measured. Fresh SPP had 7.8% total fiber, 5.2 and 2.6% being dietary (insoluble) and functional (soluble) fibers, respectively. The total fiber content of the dehydrated SPP was 33.7% with roughly 11% functional fiber. β-carotene contents for the SPP were 23,040, 17,280 and 16,860 µg/100 g for blanched/freeze-dried, blanched, freeze-dried SPP, respectively. The fresh peels contained 4,848 µg/100 g β-carotene. The water holding capacity of the blanched/freeze-dried, blanched and dehydrated SPP were 15.6±1.4, 13.9±0.4 and 11.1±0.6 g/g, respectively. The oil holding capacity of the freeze-dried SPP (8.3±1.1) was significantly (P<0.05) higher

Bovell-Benjamin, Adelia C., Hathorn, Chellani, Gichuhi, Peter

Verifying the Safety of a Radioactive Waste Container With Simulation Software

TBMG-49507/01/2005

As part of decommissioning the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site — an inactive nuclear facility in southeastern Washington — a contaminated apparatus called a glovebox (a steel isolation chamber with built-in gloves that allow personnel to remotely manipulate radioactive materials) needed to be removed and transported to the on-site Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF) landfill, and then buried safely without exposing people or the environment to harmful radiation.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Hydropiercing

2003-01-288410/27/2003

In this study, hydropiercing after hydroforming and prior to unloading was investigated. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how the used hydropiercing method and the selected material and process parameters affect the hole quality. Hydropiercing inwards, hydropiercing by folding the ‘scrap’ piece inwards and hydropiercing outwards were tested. The tube material was extruded AA6063-T4. The tube diameter and wall thickness were 107 mm and 2.5 mm respectively. Straight 1110-mm long tubes of this material were first hydroformed at 1300 bar and then hydropierced. Assuming that the largest (in magnitude) acceptable deflection at the hole edge is 0.2 mm, hydropiercing inwards at ≥ 1300 bar yield the best hole quality. However, the remaining scrap piece (in the tube) causes a handling problem that must be solved.

Asnafi, Nader, Lassl, Gunnar, Olsson, Björn, Nilsson, Tomas

Food Service and Food System Logistics at the South Pole: Lessons for a Lunar/Martian Planetary Surface Mission

2003-01-236507/07/2003

Three distinct food system paradigms have been envisioned for long-term space missions. The Skylab, Mir and ISS food systems were based on single-serving prepackaged foods, ready to rehydrate and heat. Bioregenerative food systems, derived from crops grown and processed at the planetary station, have been studied at JSC and KSC. The US Antarctic Program’s Amundsen-Scott South Pole Base uses the third paradigm: bulk packaged food ingredients delivered once a year and used to prepare meals on the station. The packaged food ingredients are supplemented with limited amounts of fresh foods received occasionally during the Antarctic summer, trace amounts of herb and salad crops from the hydroponic garden, and some prepackaged ready to eat foods, so the Pole system is actually a hybrid system; however, it is worth studying as a bulk packaged food system because of the preponderance of bulk packaged food ingredients used. This paper reviews the operation of the South Pole food system

Hunter, Jean B., Emanuel, Jon, Drysdale, Alan E.

Lift Capacity Calculation Method Scrap and Material Handlers

J2518_200305 (Historical)05/16/2003

MTC C5, Excavators

Titanium Alloy Welding Wire 6Al - 4V, Extra Low Interstitial Environment Controlled Packaging

AMS4956D (Historical)03/14/2003

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Biostability and Microbiological Analysis of Shuttle Crew Refuse

2002-01-235607/15/2002

Microbiological sampling and analysis was performed on the wet waste returned from the STS-105 and STS-108 shuttle missions servicing the International Space Station (ISS). Samples were collected from a variety of materials including plate waste and associated food packaging (which composed the majority of the collected waste), sanitary waste, and loose liquid inside the waste container. Analyses of the microbial loads cultured on both selective and non-selective media and through total bacterial counts by acridine orange direct count (AODC) methods showed high microbial densities in the waste container liquid. Isolates identified included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli (E.coli). Dry and ash weights were collected for each sample to determine water and organic content of the materials. Wastes from shuttle flights will continue to be monitored for biostability to establish a baseline measure of waste content, labile

Kish, Adrienne L., Hummerick, Mary P., Roberts, Michael S., Garland, Jay L., Maxwell, Sabrina, Mills, Aaron

Laser-Induced Shock Waves Would Lyse Cells for Analysis

TBMG-2937607/01/2002

According to a proposal, laser-induced acoustic shock waves would be used to lyse cells as needed for biomolecular investigations, including, for example, diagnosis of diseases, pregnancy tests, analyses of genetic molecular structures, and general analyses of cell chemistry. Heretofore, it has been common practice to suspend cells in liquid buffers and to introduce lysing chemicals into the buffers. While chemical lysis is effective, it contributes to the cost and complexity of analysis and creates a problem of disposal of additional chemical waste, especially in situations in which many samples must be analyzed. By eliminating the need for lysing chemicals, the proposed technique would reduce the cost, complexity, and need for post-analysis waste disposal.

Characterization of Various ASR Streams

1999-01-067003/01/1999

About 11 million vehicles are scrapped each year in the United States. Most of these vehicles are recycled by automotive dismantlers and shredders. Presently, about 95% of the ferrous and non-ferrous metals present in vehicles (75% of the total vehicle weight) are recovered. The remainder of the scrapped vehicles (non-metal portion known as automotive shredder residue-ASR) is landfilled, generating up to 3 million tons of waste per year. In order to increase the efficiency of recovery of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the shredded vehicles, numerous developments have been made by the shredders in separation technology recently. This paper is an update of our previous paper and contains in-depth characterization of the various ASR streams.

Klempner, Daniel, Frisch, Kurt C., Pokorski, B., Sendijarevic, Vahid

STEEL, CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT, WELDING WIRE 20Cr - 10Ni - 0.75Cb High Ferrite Grade

AMS5790B (Historical)02/01/1997

AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Titanium Alloy, Welding Wire, 6a1 4v, Extra Low Interstitials, Environment Controlled Packaging

AMS4956C (Historical)04/01/1994

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Painting TPO

910092

02/01/1991

Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is used extensively in the automotive industry. Various methods have been used to improve paint adhesion properties. New adhesion promoter technologies offer significant improvements in solvent emissions and final product appearance. These adhesion promoters are designed to allow the use of various topcoat technologies. Waterborne basecoats offer the ultimate appearance with the lowest VOC.

Davis, Kerl Krueger, Clark, Peter D.

Maintenance and Economic Benefits of Non-Painted Aircraft Operations

89220809/01/1989

Alclad aluminum sheet has been used for decades as the material of choice for aircraft fuselage sheet. Producers have developed and improved aluminum alloys that today allow airline companies to fly polished unpainted aircraft that are attractive, unique and instantly identifiable to the traveling public. The use of polished fuselages not only provides an attractive exterior but also offers functional benefits. These include fuel savings by flying with less paint, maintenance savings from reduced down time during C and D checks, reduction in hazardous waste disposal, and improved inspection capabilities. Arguments for both sides of this issue are sound. However the proven advantages of flying non-painted polished aircraft necessitate consideration of the concept of flying non-painted polished fleets for improved economic performance.

Skluzak, Dell F.

The Use of Models to Predict Potential Contamination Aboard Orbital Vehicles

89149207/01/1989

Biological contamination is a real, perhaps inevitable, event aboard inhabited orbital vehicles. A major form of this contamination is fungal growth on exposed surfaces. While numerous models exist for microbial growth on air-water and surface-water interfaces, no models are available for fungal growth on air-solid surfaces and, evidently, none have been developed for a surface that is non-nutritive, e.g. a surface that not agar or a food stuff. We develop and present a model of fungal growth on air-exposed, non-nutritive solid surfaces. A unique feature of this testable model is that the development of a fungal mycelium can facilitate its own growth by condensation of water vapor from its environment directly onto fungal hyphae. The fungal growth rate is limited by the rate of supply of volatile nutrients and fungal biomass is limited by either the supply of non-volatile nutrients or by metabolic loss processes.

Boraas, Martin E., Seale, Dianne B.

Process Material Management in the Space Station Environment

880996

07/01/1988

The Space Station provides a unique facility for conducting material processing and life science experiments under microgravity conditions. These conditions place special requirements on the U.S. Laboratory for storing and transporting chemicals and process fluids, reclaiming water from selected experiments, treating and storing experiment wastes, and providing vacuum utilities. To meet these needs and provide a safe laboratory environment, the Process Material Management System (PMMS) is being developed. Preliminary design requirements and concepts related to the PMMS are addressed in addition to discussing the MSFC PMMS breadboard test facility and a preliminary plan for validating the overall system design. The system contains a fluid handling subsystem which manages process fluids required by each experiment while a chemical storage facility safely stores potentially hazardous chemicals. Several experiments will have water reclaimed from their wastes to reduce resupply requirements

Perry, J. L., Humphries, W. R.