This specification covers bonded honeycomb core made of aluminum alloy and supplied in the form of blocks, slices, or other configurations as ordered.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Characterization of On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Sensors

J3089_202510 (Current)

10/15/2025

This SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) provides test methods for evaluating hydrogen sensors when the hydrogen system integrator and/or vehicle manufacturer elect to use such devices on board their hydrogen vehicles, including hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).The tests described in 5.1 of this document are performance-based and were developed to assess hydrogen sensor metrological parameters. These tests were designed to accommodate a wide range of environmental and operating conditions based on different possible situations and sensor implementations within the vehicle. Section 5.2 covers supplemental electrical safety and physical stress tests. These are based upon standard tests developed for qualifying electrical and other components for use on vehicles and do not explicitly pertain to gas sensor metrological performance assessment. Since the use of on-board hydrogen sensors is not standardized or mandated, their implementation can vary greatly from vehicle to

Fuel Cell Standards Committee

Scalability, Production, and Application of Stretch Broken Carbon Fiber for Primary Aircraft Structure

F-0081-2025-0413

5/20/2025

The work done in developing stretch broken carbon fiber technology is described. The objectives of the program include the scale up of the process to demonstrate production feasibility, as well as reducing the maximum filament stretch break length to ~50mm/2” or below, less than half of what was achieved on previous programs. The shorter break length is considered to be critical in order to achieve formability into complex geometries. The new stretch break line at Montana State University, BC3, has been commissioned to achieve the required material characteristics and throughput. To date, 6 tows have been successfully stretch broken simultaneously, representing a significant improvement compared with what was achieved on previous programs. Possible geometries and forming evaluation methods are described. Mechanical testing is to be conducted, including both equivalency testing of continuous vs stretch broken carbon fiber and a later minimal level allowables program. It is expected that

Ridgard, Christopher, Ryan, Cecily, Amendola, Roberta, Bajwa, Dilpreet, Cairns, Douglas

How Will TSN Ethernet Impact the Future of Embedded Computing for Aerospace and Defense Applications?

25AERP03_063/1/2025

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet is a real-time networking capability that is being developed by a growing number of embedded computing companies for the earliest stages of adoption by aerospace and defense manufacturers and their suppliers. According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) TSN working group, it is a set of standards that provides deterministic connectivity within IEEE 802-aligned networks. Nigel Forrester is the Director of Product Strategy for Concurrent Technologies, a UK-based provider of high performance embedded computing solutions for aerospace, defense and many other industries. Check out our interview with Forrester about the potential impact of TSN Ethernet on new and legacy aerospace and defense applications, and how it is being adopted by manufacturers and system integrators below.

Revolutionizing Seafood Production with Adaptive Robots

TBMG-5217812/1/2024

Robotic automation technology is reshaping food manufacturing, packaging, and handling by driving significant improvements in efficiency, quality, and flexibility. By integrating advanced artificial intelligence, computer vision, and proprietary force-sensing technology, Flexiv has introduced cutting-edge automation to the food processing sector.

Contract Manufacturing: Accelerating Product Development

TBMG-5217212/1/2024

Design and material choices can have a long-term impact on an original equipment manufacturer’s (OEM) production costs and product quality. When an OEM works together with an experienced contract design manufacturer (CDM) from the start of a project, many negative impacts to cost and quality can be avoided.

Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing Applications

TBMG-5216412/1/2024

Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.

Further Applications of SUMS-based Regime Recognition in Updating the MH-47G Chinook Usage Spectrum

F-0080-2024-1143

5/7/2024

This paper documents the re-evaluation and updates to the previous Partial Regime Recognition Spectrum effort for the MH-47G using Structural Usage Monitoring System (SUMS). Further validation of the SUMS algorithm allowed for additions to the spectrum. These additions include more refined categorization of turn and partial power descent regimes based on angle of bank and descent rates, respectively; high load prorates for turns, partial power descents, level flight, and climbs based on the Cruise Guide Indicator; exceedances of maximum density altitude; and use of occurrences for Landing and Run-On Landing regimes. Additional years of flight data from 2013 to 2019 were included in this effort. The updated usage spectrum for the Army MH-47G aircraft has been delivered to the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). The OEM calculated new fatigue lives and updated the "Fatigue Substantiation Report", which will soon be fielded.

Evans, Holly, Chandler, Michael, Finckenor, Jeff

A research work to develop an e-Axle generic DVP for the Indian Market complying with Indian and International standards

2024-26-01181/16/2024

The electric vehicle market of India has very high growth potential in the coming years, and several automotive manufacturers, including Tier-1 suppliers, are looking to take part in this growth phase. The electric powertrains used in e-cars on Indian roads comply with BIS and AIS standards, but these standards alone do not give much clarity on the complete list of tests required to develop an e-Axle through all stages of development. A major challenge for OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers is to develop the e-Axle in-house for the Indian market, which will play a significant role in overall profitability at high volumes in the long run. Compliance with BIS and AIS standards alone will not be enough to meet the development requirements of an e-axle because a comprehensive list of the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Traceable requirements of any e-Axle are fulfilled through Performance, Functional, Durability, and Robustness categories of tests. This paper presents a study of

Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Vaither, G V N Selvavindhan

Methodology development for E-Axle NVH performance evaluation through virtual simulation

2024-26-01201/16/2024

Demand for electrically driven vehicles has increased significantly in recent years, due to its subsidized rate, economical operation and environmentally friendly features. If discussed about India, the sales have increased by 174% in a single year. This drastic jump in sales has encouraged the current automobile manufacturers to come up with more and more electric-driven vehicle platforms in a crunch time frame. And to fulfill these requirements, manufacturers have to work a lot to introduce new technologies like E-axle, which can be space effective, less expensive and easy to assemble. But the introduction of such new technologies brings an even bigger requirement for new validation methodologies, and in the case of electric vehicles (EV) where the development time has been very less, as brought a bigger challenge of more dependency on virtual simulation. As the operational procedure of E-axles is completely different from the conventional axles, the loads that are coming will also

Jain, Tanmay, Desai, Ankit, Kurna, Srinivas

A Detailed Study to Evaluate Sporty Sound Character of Passenger Cars

2024-26-02071/16/2024

Sound design is becoming increasingly important for vehicle manufacturers. ‘Sportiness’ of a car is one of the important criteria to consider while designing a car for passionate customers and those who love aggressive driving. Automobile manufacturers are identifying a typical sound for their cars as a ‘key product specification’ to attract particular market. This study focused on identifying frequency ranges and order content through a detailed study of subjective feelings based on physiological acoustics. A benchmark study of various different sport vehicles has been done to measure and record sound samples; these samples were further analysed based on sound quality parameters. Subjective evaluations were carried out by NVH experts to determine their concept of sportiness. Frequency ranges and order noise quantity were confirmed by correlations between subjective and objective evaluations under various customer drive patterns. Relations of the dominant exhaust firing order and its

Sadekar, Umesh Audumbar, Titave, Uttam, ZALAKI, NITIN, Naidu, Sudhakara, Vardhanan K, Aravindha Vishnu

Dynamic Spark Advance Technology for Gasoline Fuel Blends

2024-26-00741/16/2024

Fuel efficiency is one of the most important customer requirement in Indian market as well as very crucial to meet the upcoming regulation like CAFÉ for Indian Automotive manufacturers. Most of the technology changes to meet this challenge, always come with a cost penalty with hardware addition. To counter the above challenge, we identified a strategy in the EMS software, without any hardware change, that will dynamically adapt the spark timing based on fuel quality. This strategy has resulted in fuel efficiency improvement on MIDC as well as on-road as per customer driving pattern. Going forward the availability of Ethanol Blended Fuels are going to increase multifold, to take advantage of this, the dynamic spark advance strategy has been proposed in this paper. This paper elaborates on the work done to develop and validate the EMS Strategy as well as the test results with different Ethanol Fuel Blends.

Tyagarajan, Sethuramalingam, Kavekar, Pratap, Suna, Bhagyashree, Agarwal, Nishant, Shaikh, Wasim

A review and modelling of PMSM drive technology for Electric vehicle application

2024-26-01271/16/2024

The increased pollution and environmental damage caused by rapid consumption of fossil fuel as the increased number of vehicles on road given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuel-efﬁcient vehicles. INDIA has already adopted the stringent CAFÉ II norms in 2022 which penalizes the CO2 levels above the corporate average target. This will give a push to automotive manufacturer to reduce their carbon footprint. Considering all the above-mentioned factors, Electric Vehicles are proving to be a promising solution to curb the Carbon footprint and limit the dependence on the fossil fuel which will dampen the effect of increased fuel prices on customers as well. The main advantage to EVs is that the motor and battery configuration allows the vehicle to operate more efficiently. The main components of Electric vehicles are HV battery, E-Drive (Motor), Inverter, On board charger, Power distribution Unit. The performance of EVs greatly depends on these components and its

Sharma, Prashant, V, Suryanarayanan, Redii, Ashok, Raut, Sandip, Hareesh, Sangaraju

Application of Hybrid SEA in Vehicle NV Package Optimization

2025-01-00505/5/2023

As India’s economy expands and road infrastructure improves, the number of car owners are expected to grow substantially in the coming years. This market potential has intensified competition among original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to position their products with a focus on cost efficiency while delivering a premium user experience. Noise and Vibration (NV) performance is a critical differentiator in conveying a vehicle's premiumness, and as such, NV engineers must strategically balance the achievement of optimal acoustic performance with constraints on cost, mass, and development timelines. Traditionally, NV package optimization occurs at the prototype or advanced prototype stage, relying heavily on physical testing, which increases both cost and time to market. Furthermore, late-stage design changes amplify these challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes the integration of Hybrid Statistical Energy Analysis (HSEA) into the early stages of vehicle development

Rai, Nitesh, Mehta, Makrand, Ravindran, Mugundaram

Subjective development of EV propulsion noise to drive product differentiation

2025-01-00675/5/2023

The frequency and amplitude content of powertrain noise is motor torque and speed dependent and tends to influence the driver’s subjective perception of the vehicle. This provides manufacturers with an opportunity to drive product differentiation through consideration of powertrain noise in early stages of the development cycles for electric vehicles (EVs). This paper focuses on evaluation of customer perception to acoustic feedback of motor design options based on targeted motor orders and expected wind and road masking during high acceleration maneuvers. A jury study is used to explore the customer feedback response to a two-stage gearbox design with AC permanent magnet motor order combinations. The subjective influence of order spacing, dominant frequency content and the number of audible tones is studied to understand aural perspective product differentiation opportunities.

Joodi, Benjamin, Jayakumar, Vignesh, Conklin, Chris, Pilz, Fernando, Iyengar, Shashank, Weilnau, Kelby, Hodgkins, Jeffrey

Comprehensive EV Sound Design project from Marketing Requirements to Series

2025-01-00185/5/2023

This paper presents the results of a project to design new comprehensive sound sets for several electric vehicle models having each specific branding expectations. This was achieved thanks to a close collaboration between one major Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer and an acoustic software provider, relying on shared experience, knowledge, and tools to meet the initial requirements set. Firstly, a scenarized journey and brand-related symbolism were defined and served as a basis for creating meaningful sketches of sound design in a cross-team effort (designers, NVH, production, audio system, etc.). Various sound functions were considered for exterior sounds, such as AVAS, and interior sounds, such as ambiance, HMI, and alarms. A special care was dedicated to the so-called Active Sound Design aiming at providing speed and acceleration feedback to the driver, in the absence of a clearly audible engine noise. A listening test was then conducted in order to assess how the proposed

LI, Yanhao, Minard, Antoine, Boussard, Patrick, Zhang, Charles

Plug-in hybrid and range extender NVH – Challenges and Solutions

2025-01-01015/5/2023

The automotive industry continues to develop new powertrain and vehicle technologies aimed at reducing overall vehicle-level fuel consumption. While the use of electrified propulsion systems is expected to play an increasingly important role in helping OEM’s meet fleet CO2 reduction targets, hybridized propulsion solutions can play a vital role in the electrification strategy of vehicle manufacturers. Plug-in hybrid and range extender vehicles show unique NVH challenges due to their different possible operation modes. First, the paper outlines different driveline architectures for PHEV and range extenders. Given the multiple general architectures, as well as operation modes which typically occur for these vehicles, characterizations and source-path analysis of these vehicles can be more complicated than conventional vehicles. In the following steps, typical NVH related challenges are highlighted and potential solutions for NVH optimization are discussed. While the overall noise levels

Wellmann, Thomas, Ford, Alex, Pruetz, Jeffrey

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Michigan: The New Epicenter of Aerospace

133802/9/2023

As the birthplace of the automotive industry and the home of several aviation firsts, Michigan offers unique advantages to the rapidly expanding space economy. To make the most of this opportunity, the Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association (MAMA) has convened three public-private partnerships: the Michigan Launch Initiative, Space-Enabled Communications for Advanced Mobility, and the Mid-America Hypersonic Suborbital Test Range. These programs provide a collaborative platform for public-private partners to support satellite launch capabilities, test commercial and national security applications, and expand 5G connectivity, among other opportunities. We sat down with Gavin P. Brown, Executive Director, MAMA, to discuss these exciting initiatives and learn how the organization is positioning Michigan as a leader in all phases of aerospace manufacturing -- from tool and die all the way through final assembly --by leaning on the state's rich automotive and aviation history.

Hineman, Marcie

Panel Discussion: Voice of the OEM

1335110/12/2022

The panel is an opportunity for the audience to hear the lead individuals on brake development from 4-6 OEMs having a conversation on current and future brake development for vehicles with ICE and/ or Battery Electric propulsion systems. We propose only to 2 questions to the panelists (see below) and then open it up for questions from the audience. 1. What was your biggest success or accomplishment over the past year? 2. What was your biggest setback or challenge? Moderator: Richard Kaatz, KBautosys Co., Ltd. Panelists: Matsushima Toru, Toyota Motor Co Jan Muenchhoff, Audi AG Charles Evans, Ford Motor Company James Webster, General Motors LLC William Cheedie, Stellantis NV Donghoon Kang, Hyundai

Schandelmeier, Brandie

The role of Additive Manufacturing in the era of Industry 4.0

2022-26-11695/26/2022

Progressive innovations enable businesses to stay ahead of competition while also increasing profits. These contributing dynamics have allowed the development of a number of advanced innovations, but no other paradigm has had a larger effect in recent decades than Industry 4.0. The unification of intelligent technological advances and manufacturing systems is promoted by Industry 4.0. Amongst which, additive Manufacturing(AM) plays a critical role in solving some of the 4th industrial revolution's key pressing concerns. Manufacturing was never more versatile, effective, or mechanized than in the Internet of Things(IOT) epoch. One can now develop ever-more complicated innovations which merge tangible items and data management. Automated machineries are capable of communicating with one another, exchanging and processing data, evaluating their operational situation in order to be self-adaptable and sometimes even making selections. All of which happens on its own with very little human

N, Harikeerthana, Kumar PhD, Sachin

Establishment of driver's driving behavior recognition and evaluation model based on vehicle big data analysis

2022-01-02583/29/2022

With the rapid development of intelligent networked vehicles, the data generated by intelligent networked vehicles is also increasing explosively. Automobile manufacturers have gradually begun to realize the importance of vehicle big data analysis to preventive maintenance, safety precautions and updates of enterprise products.In this paper, according to the requirements of the enterprise project, the big data analysis of the vehicle driving data uploaded to the supervision platform by the vehicle Telematics BOX (T-Box) is carried out. Starting from the level of the car driver, the basic historical data of the vehicle is used to analyze the driver's behavior. Constructed a driving style and driving condition recognition model and a comprehensive evaluation model of driving behavior for the big data platform. For the driving style and driving condition recognition model, use a large amount of historical vehicle driving data in the enterprise cloud platform to perform data preprocessing

Shi, Shaojian

Saddle type structure design for electric vehicle

2022-01-08763/29/2022

Abstract: Electric vehicle are likely to gain market share in near future as technology is getting evolved and cost of ownership is also reducing. Focus on pure electric vehicle is need of an hour and vehicle manufacturers are investing heavily on future trends. Conventional vehicle has BIW front end which is used to protect from crash. With recent development in vehicle architecture, it is learned that secondary load path can be created with help of saddle structure to and there can be huge weight saving in BIW front end which still can meet safety norms. Saddle structure is also helping to have idealistic engine mount locations in vehicle. A & B mount can be packaged exactly on TRA (Torque Roll Axis) to get the best NVH performance. With saddle type structure all three mount can be weight carrying member and easy to handle high torque. This paper explains how saddle type structure is beneficial for crash point view and engine mounting system best performance, Keywords: - Engine

Deshmukh, Sagar

An alternate CED process for low volume BIW manufacturing with single stage vertical dipping

2021-28-022710/1/2021

Body in White (BIW) is a major assembly in an automobile. It is made of sheet metal components that are welded together by Resistance spot welding. Assembled BIWs are put through an anti-corrosion process called Cathodic Electrodeposition (CED) and baked to set the CED coat. CED process has an elaborate sequence of rinse cycles and coat cycles. Single stage dipping stations are used for coating large volumes of smaller components. The high-cost multi-stage setup is a commonly used process in large scale BIW manufacturing systems. In the context of small-scale batch production or prototype builds, the extensive setup is not viable. This paper studied the feasibility of CED coating large BIWs in a single stage setup. Multiple process modifications explored to establish single stage setup for BIW coating. Process capability and effectiveness of utilization was studied. The results were analyzed, and the comprehensive process chain was concluded and discussed for implementation.

B, Sivasankar, Selvam, Ganesan, Kannan, Muniya Gounder, voppuru, Naga Sheshank Reddy, Thiruppathi, R

Aero drag improvement study on large commercial vehicles using CFD lead approach

2021-26-04249/22/2021

Nowadays, E- commerce and logistics business model is booming in India with road transport as a major mode of delivery system using containers. As competition in such business are on rise, different ways of improving profit margins are been continuously evolved. One such scenario is to look at reducing transportation cost while reducing fuel consumption. Traditionally, aero dynamics of commercial vehicles have never been in focus during their product development although literature shows major part of total fuel energy is consumed in overcoming aerodynamic drag at and above 60 kmph in case of large commercial vehicle. Hence improving vehicle exterior aerodynamic performance gives opportunity to reduce fuel consumption and thereby business profitability. Also byproduct of this improvement is reduced emissions and meeting regulatory requirements. To bring this into reality, vehicle manufacturers are looking at different opportunities to reduce aero drag and one such method that are been

ANWAR, FAISAL, Gulavani, Rohan Arun, Chalipat, Sujit, Jadhav, Satish

SOUND POWER ASSESSMENT, NOISE SOURCE IDENTIFICATION & DIRECTIVITY ANALYSIS OF COMPACTION MACHINES

2021-26-02819/22/2021

NVH has gained importance in the field of earth moving equipment due to the demand of quieter machines and stringent in-cab as well as exterior noise emission norms. Several parts of the world have adopted strict legislation on noise emission by earth moving equipment, but many countries have not adopted any regulations till date. This paper mainly focusses on helping governing bodies as well as machine manufacturers in adopting simple yet accurate testing method for compaction machine. The study consists of directivity analysis, noise source identification & noise source ranking and 4-point microphone position sound power evaluation method applied to compactors with wide range of engine power ratings. All the tests in 4-point method and directivity analysis were performed under stationary as well as dynamic conditions. Currently, several countries and vehicle manufacturers have adopted sound power evaluation of compactor exterior noise emission by 6-point method (as per ISO6393

Kandalkar, Milind Dadarao, bari, Jaykumar, Mole, Dhondiram, Harishchandra Walke, Nagesh

A Comparative Study of Cradle and Sub Frame Type Powertrain Mounting System on Electric Vehicle

2021-01-10228/31/2021

The growing demand of fuel and cost saving on vehicle, today’s vehicle manufacturer are working on various weight reduction initiative in EV. Lighter weight vehicle have bigger challenges to meet NVH requirement. There are two types of EV called modified and adopted EV’s are commonly in use. The sub frame type of EV system comes under the category of modified EV. In this paper, a mounting system is studied and compared for a cradle type EV as well as sub frame or saddle type EV. MATLAB based optimization tools are used for parameter optimization. The focus is put on the optimization of mounting system location and stiffness for energy optimization, CoG and TRA-EA optimization. The best engine mounting system is compared and adopted based on simulation. 12 DOF studied to address high frequency resonance issues for a sub frame type EV. Finally robustness of the system is checked based on various simulation and optimization.

Deshmukh, Sagar, Hazra, Sandip

Target Development for Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Powertrain Sound Design

2021-01-10178/31/2021

Relative to Combustion Engine vehicles, electric powertrains are a blank canvas for sound. There are an increasing number of applications where sound is added to enhance the driving experience and increase pedestrian safety. In Hybrid vehicles, the combustion engine sound is not always present and must properly blend in with any additional sound added to the vehicle. Vehicle manufacturers have an opportunity to reinforce their brand identity through the addition of the perfect, target sound. Each brand, market segment, and powertrain require unique sounds. In addition, shuttle or ride sharing applications highlight the need for added sound during other scenarios to reinforce the brand sound. Traditional sound quality measurements and preference testing are very limited in defining the perfect sound due to the subjective nature of sound design. This paper describes an improvement over prior sound quality process development through the incorporation of several subjective input tools

Trumpy, David, Krueger, Sebastian, Tousignant, Todd

Noise Reduction Analysis of Front Compartment Sound Package of Electric Vehicle Based on SEA Method

2021-01-10638/31/2021

To reduce dependence on petroleum resources and pollution to the natural environment, electric vehicles as new energy vehicles have become the focus of various original equipment manufacturers and component companies. At the same time, the NVH performance of electric vehicles is the focus of attention of automobile companies, and higher requirements are placed on sound-proof packaging, which is an important part of reducing automobile noise. Compared with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, the biggest difference between electric vehicles (EV) is their electric drive system. High-frequency noise is generated when the electric motor is used as a power device. When there is no engine noise, the problem of electric drive noise is more obvious. Generally, an sound package is used to block the transmission path of noise. Therefore, an sound package is selected to cover the electric motor to reduce the impact of noise on the interior of the vehicle. When developing an sound

Wei, Zhen, Jiang, Yuying, Tian, Xiujie, Huang, Wei, Zhu, Keda, Pan, Jian

A Strategy for Developing an Inclusive Load Case for Verification of Squeak and Rattle Noises in the Car Cabin

2021-01-10888/31/2021

Squeak and rattle (S&R) are nonstationary annoying and unwanted noises in the car cabin that result in considerable warranty costs for car manufacturers. Introduction of cars with remarkably lower background noises and the recent emphasis on electrification and autonomous driving further stress the need for producing squeak- and rattle-free cars. Automotive manufacturers use several road disturbances for physical evaluation and verification of S&R. The excitation signals collected from these road profiles are also employed in subsystem shaker rigs and virtual simulations that are gradually replacing physical complete vehicle test and verification. Considering the need for a shorter lead time and the introduction of optimisation loops, it is necessary to have efficient and inclusive excitation load cases for robust S&R evaluation. In this study, a method is proposed to truncate and identify the important parts of the different road profiles that are often used for S&R physical

Bayani Khaknejad, Mohsen, Nilsson, Jonatan, Blom, Rasmus, Wickman, Casper, Söderberg, Rikard

Simulation Driven Design of HVAC Systems under Competing HVAC Noise and Defrost Performance Requirements

2021-01-10208/31/2021

It is particularly easy to get tunnel vision as a domain expert, and focus only on the improvements one could provide in their area of expertise. To make matters worse, many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are silo-ed by domain of expertise, unconsciously promoting this single mindedness in design. Unfortunately, the successful and profitable development of a vehicle is dependent on the delicate balance of performance across many domains, involving multiple physics and departments. Taking for instance the design of a Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, the device’s primary function is to control the climate system in vehicle cabins, and more importantly to make sure that critical areas on the windshield can be defrosted in cold weather conditions within regulation time. With the advent of electric and autonomous vehicles, further importance is now also placed on the energy efficiency of the HVAC, and its noise. During the development of the defrost mode of an

Nagarajan, Vijaisri, Biermann, Jan, Goldberg, Jens, Motiwala, Hamza, Martins, Diogo, Luzzato, Charles, Mukutmoni, Devadatta

Numerical and Experimental Investigation and Refinement of Automotive HVAC Flow Induced Noise

2021-01-10568/31/2021

Automotive heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) noise is a very big concern for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and suppliers. It turns out to be more challenging as the demand for acoustic comfort is increasing day by day. Many times an existing HVAC with some minor changes (mostly the vehicle fitment points) is proposed for face-lift vehicle but the performance expectation is far beyond the existing one due to market demand. One of the critical requirements is enhanced sound quality. To achieve that either experimental testing or numerical simulation is adopted. In either of these cases, it ends up with high number of experiments or increased simulation cost due to aero-acoustic simulation. Hence a combined approach is followed in order to investigate and improve the noise sources of an existing HVAC. The present paper describes this approach in details by doing numerical flow simulation followed by experimental investigation. HVAC was modeled using computational

Sen, Somnath

Clamp, Loop Style, Cushioned, With Wedge, High Temperature, Metric

MA2150/3A8/18/2021

SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Polishing Compound, Aircraft Metal

AMS1650D (Current)

5/6/2021

This specification covers a polishing compound for aircraft metals in the form of a liquid or paste.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Electrochemical Analysis of High Capacity Li-Ion Pouch Cell for Automotive Applications

2021-01-07604/6/2021

Major original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have already marketed electric vehicles in large scale but apart from business strategies and policies, the real engineering problems must be addressed. Lithium-ion batteries are a promising technology for energy storage; however, their low energy density and complex electro-chemical nature, compared to fossil fuels, presents additional challenges. Their complex nature and strong temperature dependence during operation must be studied with additional accuracy, capable to predict their behavior. In this research, a pseudo two dimensional (P2D) electro-chemical model, for a recent high capacity NMC pouch cell for automotive applications is developed. The electrochemical model with its temperature dependent parameters is validated at high, low, and reference temperature within 10°C to 50°C temperature range. For each temperature various discharge C-rates to accurately replicate the battery cell operational conditions. The overall goodness of

Sacchetti, Luigi, Jianu, Ofelia, Favero, Gian

Development of an In-Situ Diagnostic to Detect Lithium Plating in Commercial Automotive Battery Cells

2021-01-07494/6/2021

Lithium plating refers to the phenomenon where lithium metal is deposited onto the surface of the anode instead of being intercalated into the carbon sites of the graphite. The lithium metal will cover a portion of the surface area of the anode, which blocks intercalation sites and increases charge gradients. Lithium plating most often occurs when charging the battery at low ambient temperatures or at a high current rate, but lithium plating formation has also been linked to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth towards the later stages of life. Lithium plating may significantly reduce a battery cell’s performance in terms of charge capacity, and if severe enough, the lithium metal may form a bridge across the separator of the cell, leading to short circuits and potential safety concerns. The internal research performed by Southwest Research Institute explored how to create a battery model to detect the formation of lithium plating in real time. In conjunction with the battery model

Surampudi, Bapiraju, Jones, Kevin, Bhattacharyya, Shuvodeep

Felling Head Terminology and Nomenclature

J1272_202103 (Current)

3/1/2021

This SAE Standard is intended to describe the basic types of felling heads, including those with bunching capabilities, that are attachments to a self-propelled machine. Only the major components that are necessary to describe the functions of the felling head, and to apply the principles of the standard are included. Illustrations used are not intended to include all existing felling heads or to describe any particular manufacturer’s variation.

MTC4, Forestry and Logging Equipment

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