Browse Topic: Fabrication

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Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars and Forgings 15.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.9Mo - 0.10N Consumable Electrode Remelted Solution Heat Treated, Sub-Zero Cooled, Equalized, and Over-Tempered AMS5743L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock. These products have been used typically for parts requiring oxidation resistance and high strength up to 800 °F (427 °C) and where such parts may require welding during fabrication, but usage is not limited to such applications.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Core, Honeycomb, Aluminum Alloy, Corrosion Inhibited For Sandwich Construction, 5052, 350 (177)AMS4348F (Current)11/21/2025
This specification covers bonded honeycomb core made of aluminum alloy and supplied in the form of blocks, slices, or other configurations as ordered.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-O), AnnealedAMS4160K (Current)11/13/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Trajectory Planning Method of Intelligent Vehicles Based on Improved Hybrid A*10-08-01-000111/14/2023
Abstract In this article, we present a spatiotemporal trajectory planning algorithm for emergency obstacle avoidance. Utilizing obstacle and driving environment data from the sensing module, we construct a 3D spatiotemporal grid map. This informs our improved hybrid A* algorithm, which identifies collision-safe, dynamically feasible trajectories. The traditional hybrid A* algorithm is enhanced in three significant ways to make the search practical and feasible: (1) optimizing search efficiency with motion primitives based on child node acceleration, (2) integrating collision risk into the heuristic function to reduce ineffective node exploration, and (3) introducing a One-Shot search based on the Optimal Boundary Value Problem (OBVP) to improve goal state searches. Finally, the algorithm is tested in two scenarios: (1) a vehicle cut-in from an adjacent lane and (2) a pedestrian crossing. Simulation results indicate that our proposed emergency obstacle avoidance trajectory planning
Chen, Guoying, Yao, Jun, Gao, Zhenhai, Gao, Zheng, Zhao, Xuanming, Xu, Nan, Hua, Min
Experimental Investigation on Genetic Algorithm optimized Proportional Integral Derivative Based Active Suspension System2025-01-001405/05/2023
In this work, Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimized Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is employed. The PID gain values are optimally tuned based on the objective function formulated using the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) criteria of various suspension measures like vehicle body displacement, suspension and tire deflections. The proposed GAPID controller is experimentally validated through the 3-DOF quarter-car test rig model. The fabricated model with passive suspension system (PASS) and active suspension system (ACSS) provided with an electrical actuator as base excitation is pictured. The schematic representation of the fabricated test set-up with and without ACSS is also illustrated. Further, simulation and experimental response of the fabricated model with and without ACSS are compared. It is identified that the proposed GAPID controller attenuates the sprung mass acceleration by about 41.64 % and 29.13 % compared with PASS for the theoretical as well as
A, Arivazhagan
Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of Vertical Press Cut Machine2022-28-048311/18/2022
This study involves the design, fabrication, and analysis of a vertical press-cut machine (henceforth machine*) to cut wooden plates of 1mm thickness to directly produce an output of the required shape and dimension in one press. The aim is to manufacture a machine that could be portable, cost less (also includes operating costs and labor costs) and be able to produce outputs of any dimensions and shapes. This machine operates on the principle of slider crank mechanism which utilizes a slider, a connecting rod, and a crank. The necessary punch force required in this study to shear a wooden plate of 1mm thickness completely, is 3198 N. This necessary downforce is achieved by fabricating a die of mass 2kg with Mild Steel material and attaching 4 stainless steel blades (total mass = 0.68 kg) with 2mm allowance to the die using eight 12mm bolts. This die is bolted (8mm diameter) to a mild steel plate (150*60*6: l*b*t) which acts as the connecting rod in this setup, which is then bolted
S, Ravindran, Renganathan, Srikanth, D, Venkatragavan, S, Sundar, R, Steephan Raj, Sadhasivam, Navin
Design approach on magnetic speed reduction of bikes while turning2022-28-048011/18/2022
Turning two-wheelers (bikes) are, at times, risky and often disturbs the stability of the vehicle. The primary causes are excessive speed, severe acceleration, and over tilting. This work intends in making aid for a safer ride and improves turn ability. With the introduction of automatic speed reducers, the vehicle would be subjected to magnetic braking while making a turn. A Motion stabilizer (like Gimbals) is modeled in CATIA and fabricated using PVC material. This fabricated stabilizer is placed in the vehicle setup in between the arms which carry the magnet. Braking action is done automatically as the magnet gets closer to the rim while turning the setup. Three modes of operations such as test (i) under no load, no angle, (ii) under magnetic load at zero angles, and (iii) under magnetic load, at an angle on both lateral directions, have been tested. A spectrum analyzer has been used, which records the frequency correspondingly to the speed is calculated. The counterbalancing weight
S, Ragul
Sensors Integrated in Clothing Monitor Heart RateTBMG-4553304/01/2022
Stretchable, bendable “smart” textiles are poised to reshape clothes of all kinds, creating new opportunities for integrating advanced monitoring technologies into everyday items. Researchers are applying neuroscience and psychophysiology to build responsive technologies like those integrated in smart textiles. They found that wearable sensor systems don't seem to perform as well in monitoring heart rates as traditional electrodes.
SintzUSER, Jeneane
Piezoresistive 3D Printed (FFF) Accelerometers2021-01-109708/31/2021
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology, one of the most accessible additive manufacturing technologies, can be used to create sensors based on different sensing principles, e.g.: capacitance, inductance, piezoelectricity, piezoresistivity. Piezoresistivity (strain-dependent electrical resistivity) has been predominantly used for the creation of static/quasistatic 3d printed sensors with relatively low sensitivity. This study researches the possibilities of a single-process 3d printing of a piezoresistive accelerometer. Initially, the methods for the axial and cross-axial identification of the piezoresistive properties are discussed. It is shown that the sensitivity is highly dependent on the printing parameters, especially the printing track orientation vs the mechanical load orientation. The research on the sensitivity of a 3D printed piezoresistive structure is extended with an inertial mass-based accelerometer design. Finally, an uniaxial accelerometer with
Arh, Matic, Slavic, Janko, Boltežar, Miha
Visual SLAM in Long-Range Autonomous Parking Application Based on Instance-Aware Semantic Segmentation via Multi-Task Network Cascades and Metric Learning Scheme2021-01-007704/06/2021
Long-range Autonomous Parking is becoming an attractive application in terms of demands. The vehicle is capable of driving autonomously into the appointed parking slot when the driver leaves it at the drop-off spot. In this application, the ability of accurate localization has become a key issue, especially in GPS-denied environments. This paper proposes a method of localization and mapping for Long-range Autonomous Parking, which is achieved by Visual SLAM based on deep learning algorithms. Firstly, we propose an instance segmentation via multi-task network cascades, and even in a complex visual environment, the main roadway instances of interest in the parking lot IPM image can be detected, such as parking corners, speed bumps. Then we combine the information of wheel encoders to build a global semantic map of the parking lot. Vehicles can often rely on semantic map matching to achieve high-precision localization. However, without a good initial position, it is difficult to infer an
Yan, Yixiong, Hang, Yang, Hu, Tianren, Yu, Hao, Lai, Feng
Object Segmentation and Augmented Visualization Based on Panoramic Image Segmentation2021-01-008904/06/2021
Panoramic images can provide critical information for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS), such as parking spaces and surrounding vehicles. However, the vehicle in the bird's-eye view image is severely distorted and incomplete, and the visual information becomes very blurred in some illumination insufficient environments. If the driver cannot see the surrounding environment information, the risk of collision will increase, especially during parking. To better percept the local environment with the help of panoramic images, we use panoramic image segmentation results to construct a virtual surround view monitoring system to provide drivers with clearer perception information. Firstly, a lightweight segmentation network is redesigned based on SegNet, which will improve the accuracy of the segmentation without increasing the model’s inference time. Secondly, we build an augment visualization around view monitor (AV-AVM) system with regards to the segmentation results. All necessary
Liao, Jiacai, Cao, Libo, Gong, Yipeng, Zhao, Junjie, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Kai
Applications of a DOE-Based MDO in Full Vehicle Crash Safety and NVH Design2021-01-092604/06/2021
In this paper, the MDO analysis is applied to the design integration in terms of NVH and crash safety. Considering the difference of characteristics in these two fields, all the design variables are used to construct the response surfaces in the NVH analysis, while for crash safety analysis, these design variables are split into three groups, front, side and rear, to reduce the computational cost. Many of the structure performance indices in the NVH and crash safety fields are included as the constraints in the MDO analysis, which proves that the design integration of these two fields through MDO analysis is feasible. A comparison of crash safety optimization and crash safety-NVH MDO is done through a parallel-coordinate diagram. The difference provides the CAE engineers to find the guidance to modify the original design architecture.
Zeng, Fanlin, Li, Wei, Zheng, Hao, Peng, Xuanquan, Zheng, Jie
Wafer-Scale Membrane Release ProcessTBMG-3847602/01/2021
Precise measurements utilizing sensitive instruments may require thermally managed detectors; therefore, thermal insulation of the detector is essential to its performance. To maintain critical signal-to-noise ratio, there is a need for larger thermal isolation structures. Due to high detector filling fraction limits, these isolation structures may be thinner, less mechanically robust, and more prone to breakage during fabrication.
Wool-Like Material Remembers and Changes ShapeTBMG-3796511/01/2020
Researchers have developed a biocompatible material that can be 3D-printed into any shape and pre-programmed with reversible shape memory. The material is made using keratin, a fibrous protein found in hair, nails, and shells. The researchers extracted the keratin from leftover Agora wool used in textile manufacturing.
Millimeter Wave Technology Joins the Fight to Prevent Future Viral OutbreaksTBMG-3785210/01/2020
The next breakthrough in the fight against deadly viral outbreaks may be just a higher frequency away. While millimeter wave (MMW) devices are more commonly associated with military applications, remote sensing, security screening and next generation telecommunications, there is an even more pressing need for this technology. That would include breaking down barriers in research in order to gain new insight into the mechanics of viral transfer.
Instrumentation for Fabrication and Testing of High-Speed Single-Rotor and Compound-Rotor Systems20AERP10_0710/01/2020
Precision data acquisition is required to generate a comprehensive set of measurements of the blade surface pressures, pitch link loads, hub loads, rotor wakes and performance of high-speed single-rotor and compound-rotor systems to support the development of next-generation rotorcraft. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Precision data acquisition is required to generate a comprehensive set of measurements of the blade surface pressures, pitch link loads, hub loads, rotor wakes and performance of high-speed single-rotor and compound-rotor systems to support the development of next-generation rotorcraft, such as envisioned in the Joint Multi-Role (JMR) rotorcraft program. These data are crucial to validate advanced CFD tools, as well as gain improved understanding of the fundamental physics in high advance ratio flight conditions. The research program at the Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center (AGRC) is built around four interrelated thrust areas, namely
Electronic Diodes Demonstrate Performance Beyond 5GTBMG-3764209/01/2020
Researchers have developed a new gallium nitride-based electrical component called a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) with performance beyond the anticipated speed of 5G. The RTDs compare well in both frequency and output power to RTDs of different materials. The diodes enable extremely fast transport of electrons to take advantage of a phenomenon called quantum tunneling. In this tunneling, electrons create current by moving through physical barriers, taking advantage of their ability to behave as both particles and waves.
Method Verifies that Quantum Chips are Computing CorrectlyTBMG-3746108/01/2020
In a step toward practical quantum computing, researchers have designed a system that can verify when quantum chips have accurately performed complex computations that classical computers can’t.
Fabrication of Multilayer Ferritin ArraysTBMG-3719607/01/2020
NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method of depositing arrays of a ferritin protein on a substrate to create a thin-film electrode for a bio-nanobattery. The method is a spin self-assembly procedure by which a first ferritin layer is formed on the substrate, followed by building a second oppositely charged ferritin layer on the top of the first to form a bilayer structure. Oppositely charged ferritin layers are subsequently deposited on top of each other until a desired number of bilayer structures is produced. The result is an ordered, uniform, stable, and robust thin-film electrode material of enhanced packing density that provides optimal charge density for the bio-nanobattery.
Single-Atom TransistorsTBMG-3722307/01/2020
Transistors consisting only of several-atom clusters or even single atoms could become the building blocks of a new generation of computers with unparalleled memory and processing power. But to realize the full potential of these tiny transistors — miniature electrical on-off switches — researchers must find a way to make many copies of these difficult-to-fabricate components.
Fabric Allows Wearers to Control Electronic Devices Through ClothingTBMG-3704506/01/2020
A new technique transforms existing cloth items or textiles into self-powered e-textiles containing sensors, music players, or illumination displays using simple embroidery without the need for expensive fabrication processes requiring complex steps or expensive equipment. The fabric also keeps the wearer safe from viruses and bacteria.
Process for Producing High-Quality, Lightweight MirrorsTBMG-3701806/01/2020
Virtually all conventional lightweight mirrors are made by optically grinding and polishing an already lightweighted blank. Mirrors made this way always risk print-through to the optical surface. In some cases, this can be removed by a zero-pressure process, such as ion-beam polishing, although these processes tend to be slow and costly. Lightweighting after optical polishing is not an option for conventional materials as their inhomogeneous qualities and internal stresses cause the lightweighting to distort the optical surface.
Taxonomy and Guidelines for Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Brake NVH Fixtures for Inertia Dynamometer TestingJ3152_202005 (Current)05/22/2020
This IR defines a general taxonomy (classification) of the most common fixture designs. This IR provides guidelines for design, fabrication, and installation to improve the way tests repeat, reproduce, and correlate to vehicle conditions. The different types of fixtures in this IR (including their preloading) apply to single-ended brake inertia dynamometer NVH testing, with a frequency range between 1.25 kHz and 16 kHz (per SAE J2521). This IR applies to passenger car and light trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg or below. This IR does not address other sources of variability such as (a) test procedure itself, (b) environmental conditions, (c) dynamometer design, including its NVH test chamber, (d) data collection and data analysis methods, and (e) part-to-part, batch-to-batch, and design-level variation for brake and suspension hardware.
Brake NVH Standards Committee
Taxonomy and Guidelines for Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Brake NVH Fixtures for Inertia Dynamometer TestingJ3152_202005-TEST-REC (Historical)05/22/2020
This IR defines a general taxonomy (classification) of the most common fixture designs. This IR provides guidelines for design, fabrication, and installation to improve the way tests repeat, reproduce, and correlate to vehicle conditions. The different types of fixtures in this IR (including their preloading) apply to single-ended brake inertia dynamometer NVH testing, with a frequency range between 1.25 kHz and 16 kHz (per SAE J2521). This IR applies to passenger car and light trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg or below. This IR does not address other sources of variability such as (a) test procedure itself, (b) environmental conditions, (c) dynamometer design, including its NVH test chamber, (d) data collection and data analysis methods, and (e) part-to-part, batch-to-batch, and design-level variation for brake and suspension hardware.
Brake NVH Standards Committee
Mobile, Wearable EEG Device with Nanowire SensorsTBMG-3683805/01/2020
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the few methods of visualizing brain function and is the mainstay of diagnosis of seizure disorders as well as many other neurologic conditions. Conventional EEG devices provide high-quality signals; that is, good signal-to-noise ratio. These devices, however, are not conducive to mobile real-world applications because they are wired devices that tether participants to a given location, limiting the activities they can perform. Furthermore, these devices are not amenable for long-term use because electrodes in these devices typically require electrolytic gel to make contact with the scalp. This dries out over time, thereby reducing signal quality and increasing discomfort due to dried salt deposits. There are currently no viable options for a research-grade EEG device that can be worn for prolonged periods of time and are mobile enough to benefit from participants’ real-world interactions.
Smart Bandages Monitor and Tailor Treatment for Chronic WoundsTBMG-3686605/01/2020
Chronic skin wounds from burns, diabetes, and other medical conditions can overwhelm the regenerative capabilities of the skin and often lead to persistent infections and amputations. Non-healing chronic wounds are a significant medical problem. Patients are often older, non-ambulatory, and limited in their ability to provide self-care, yet non-healing wounds are typically treated in an outpatient setting or at home.
Design and Fabrication of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy-Aluminum Hybrid Suspension Control Arms for Formula SAE Race Cars2020-01-023004/14/2020
Suspension system of a vehicle plays an important role to carefully control motion of the wheel throughout the travel. The vertical and the lateral dynamics (ride and handling) is affected by the unsprung-to-sprung mass ratio. Lower value of this mass ratio leads to enhanced performance of the car. To optimize the unsprung mass of the car, design of control arm plate is optimized with Aluminum material and Carbon fibre reinforced composite control arms framework are used to achieve high stiffness to weight ratio. These leads to increase in overall power to weight ratio of the car which helps to deliver maximum performance to the wheels. Through analysis of real-life working conditions of the entire steering knuckle assembly in ACP pre- post ANSYS 18.1 with the defined boundary conditions, equivalent stress and total deformations are obtained. Based on the results, geometrical topology of the control arms plates is further optimized. After several tensile tests on different bond length
Gupta, Mayank, Porwal, Akash, Budi, Harshvardhan Rao, Krishnan, Padmanabhan, Hande, Pramod
A Comparison of Decomposition Constructs for Supporting Modularity in Simulink2020-01-129004/14/2020
The Model-Based Development (MBD) paradigm is widely used for embedded controls development, with MathWorks’ Simulink modelling environment being extensively used in the automotive industry. As production-scale Simulink models are typically large and complex, there exists a need to decompose them properly in order to facilitate their maintainability, understandability, and evolution. MathWorks recommends the use of three constructs for model “componentization” or decomposition: the Subsystem, Library, and Model Reference. However, a recently added construct, the Simulink Function, can also be used for this purpose, while also supporting information hiding due to the construct’s ability to be scoped and encapsulate data. This paper provides an in-depth comparison of these Simulink constructs to fully understand the differences in their reusability, sharing of program state, encapsulation, and code generation, with the goal of facilitating model evolution. An automotive powertrain
Jaskolka, Monika, Pantelic, Vera, Wassyng, Alan, Lawford, Mark
Color-Changing Bandages Sense and Treat Bacterial InfectionsTBMG-3625303/01/2020
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. Sensing and treating bacterial infections earlier could help improve patients’ recovery, as well curb the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have developed color-changing bandages that can sense drug-resistant and drug-sensitive bacteria in wounds and treat them accordingly.
Heat-Regulating Material for Next-Generation Space BlanketTBMG-3572012/01/2019
Drawing design inspiration from the skin of squid, researchers developed an adaptive space blanket that gives users the ability to control their temperature. The drawback to current Mylar heat-regulating blankets is static. The new material has changeable properties to regulate how much heat is trapped or released.
Metallization for SiC SemiconductorsTBMG-3570412/01/2019
Scientists at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed and patented improved ohmic contacts, and a fabrication method for them, that will speed the production of silicon carbide (SiC) sensors and electronics that operate in high-temperature, harsh environments.
Implantables to Augment Missing Body TissueTBMG-3550911/01/2019
Kanfit3D has entered into a joint research partnership with the University of Brescia (Italy). The project will develop unique implantable structures, using additive layer manufacturing (ALM) technologies, for replacing or augmenting missing body tissue with customized surface treatments for improved osseointegration to achieve a better biological response within a reduced healing time.
Immersion Precipitation 3D Printing for Porous StructuresTBMG-3526710/01/2019
Materials with controlled porosity have found diverse applications in separation, catalysis, energy storage, sensors and actuators, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Multiple methods have been developed to fabricate well-defined porous materials with the pore sizes ranging from nanometers to millimeters. The introduction of sacrificial templates, for example, can impart porosity to the materials, encapsulating them after the removal of embedded materials. Alternatively, procedures involving phase separation, direct templating, and chemical reaction have demonstrated fabrication of hierarchical porous structures. These methods inherently require multiple steps and are limited in the attainable complexity of the fabricated structures.
Tiny “Walking” Motor Moves in Discrete Mechanical StepsTBMG-3526110/01/2019
A set of five tiny fundamental parts can be assembled into a wide variety of functional devices including a tiny “walking” motor that can move back and forth across a surface or turn the gears of a machine. The work offers an alternative to current approaches to constructing robots, which largely fall into one of two types: custom machines that work well but are relatively expensive and inflexible, and reconfigurable ones that sacrifice performance for versatility.
Automated System Generates Robotic PartsTBMG-3529710/01/2019
An automated system designs and 3D-prints complex robotic parts that are optimized according to an enormous number of specifications. The system fabricates actuators — devices that mechanically control robotic systems in response to electrical signals — that show different black-and-white images at different angles. The researchers 3D-printed floating water lilies with petals equipped with arrays of actuators and hinges that fold up in response to magnetic fields run through conductive fluids (see figure).
3D Meta-Optics for High-Energy LasersTBMG-3511809/01/2019
The scope of this research radically changed the way novel components are designed and fabricated for high-energy applications. This 3D Meta-Optics platform was, and is, essentially engineering the electromagnetic fields in 3D dielectric structures. The results have provided a class of transformational optical components that can be integrated at all levels throughout a high-energy laser system.
Tiny Biodegradable Circuits Release Painkillers Inside the BodyTBMG-3509509/01/2019
Patients fitted with an orthopedic prosthetic commonly experience a period of intense pain after surgery. In an effort to control the pain, surgeons inject painkillers into the tissue during the operation. When that wears off a day or two later, the patients are given morphine through a catheter placed near the spine. Yet catheters are not particularly comfortable, and the drugs spread throughout the body, affecting all organs.
Soft, Multi-Functional RobotsTBMG-3513809/01/2019
In the future, soft, animal-inspired robots may be safely deployed in difficult-to-access environments in which rigid robots cannot currently be used such as inside the human body or in spaces that are too dangerous for humans to work. Centimeter-sized soft robots have been created, but thus far it has not been possible to fabricate multifunctional flexible robots that can move and operate at smaller size scales.
Shape-Shifting Origami Could Help Antenna Systems Adapt On-the-FlyTBMG-3510709/01/2019
Conventional reconfigurable electrical and radio frequency (RF) structures commonly used in applications involving real-time reconfigurability in response to fast varying operational scenarios require specialized substrates or complex electrical circuits. Origami-based RF reconfigurable components and modules offer a solution with unique properties. First, they enable re-configurability over continuous-state ranges (as opposed to discrete states). Second, they do not require specialized mechanical support for multilayer frequency-selective surface structures. Moreover, deployable origami-based RF structures can achieve large surface re-configurability ratios from folded to unfolded states. Finally, these structures allow for independent control of multiple figures of merit: bandwidth, frequency of operation, and angle of incidence.
Ultra-Clean Fabrication Platform for 2D TransistorsTBMG-3512909/01/2019
Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) materials with superlative properties have the potential to advance semiconductors but creating 2D devices with both good electrical contacts and stable performance has proved challenging.
Origami-Inspired Material Softens Impact ForcesTBMG-3512709/01/2019
Landing is stressful on a rocket’s legs because they must handle the force from the impact with the landing pad. One way to combat this is to build legs out of materials that absorb some of the force and soften the blow. Inspired by the paper-folding art of origami, researchers created a paper model of a metamaterial that uses “folding creases” to soften impact forces and instead promote forces that relax stresses in the chain.
3D Meta-Optics for High-Energy Lasers19AERP09_0909/01/2019
Engineering electromagnetic fields in 3D dielectric structures to change the way components are designed and fabricated for high-energy laser (HEL) applications. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia The scope of this research radically changed the way novel components are designed and fabricated for high-energy applications. This 3D Meta-Optics platform was, and is, essentially engineering the electromagnetic fields in 3D dielectric structures. The results have provided a class of transformational optical components that can be integrated at all levels throughout a high-energy laser system. A Guided-Mode Resonance Filter (GMRF) is an optically resonant structure consisting of a subwavelength grating (SWG) and a high-index waveguide layer fabricated on a supporting substrate. The devices work based on the electromagnetic coupling of a narrow spectral band from the incident light, due to diffraction by the SWG into leaky waveguide modes, which in turn re-couples to the SWG
Light-Activated Micro-PumpTBMG-3491908/01/2019
Even the smallest mechanical pumps have limitations, from the micro-fabrication techniques required to make them to the fact that there are limits on their size. A laser-driven photoacoustic microfluidic pump was developed that is capable of moving fluids in any direction without moving parts or electrical contacts. The pump uses a plasmonic quartz plate implanted with gold atoms to move liquids with a laser that generates an ultrasonic wave.
Full-Color Holograms Can Be Viewed With Low LightTBMG-3488908/01/2019
Researchers have created inexpensive, full-color, 2D and 3D holograms that are more realistic and brighter, and can be viewed at wider angles than current holograms.
Stretchable Power Source for WearablesTBMG-3473707/01/2019
Researchers have created highly stretchable supercapacitors for powering wearable electronics that consist of crumpled carbon nanotube (CNT) forests. The supercapacitors demonstrated solid performance and stability, even when stretched to 800% of their original size for thousands of stretching/relaxing cycles.
Fabricating Nanochips via Thermal LithographyTBMG-3472907/01/2019
A process for fabricating atom-thin processors can be used to produce at the nanoscale for smaller and faster semiconductors.
Automated Guided Wave System for In-Process Cure Monitoring of CFRP Composite LaminatesTBMG-3475007/01/2019
In the polymer composites industry, cure cycles are typically developed from trial-and-error or a more effective processing science approach to reduce the final porosity level in the composite laminate. Using a guided wave-based in-process cure monitoring technique for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, high-temperature piezoelectric transducers were utilized to interrogate a 24-ply unidirectional composite panel fabricated from Hexcel IM7/8552 prepreg during cure. It was shown that the amplitude of the guided wave increased sharply around vitrification, and the time of arrival (TOA) curve possessed an inverse relationship with degree of cure.
Technique Reverse-Engineers Complex 3D CAD ModelsTBMG-3440305/01/2019
Nearly all commercial products start as a CAD file — a 2D or 3D model with the product’s design specifications. One method that’s widely used to represent today’s 3D models is constructive solid geometry (CSG), a technique where numerous basic shapes (primitives) with a few adjustable parameters can be assembled in various ways to form a single object. When finalized, the compiled digital object is converted to a mesh of 3D triangles that defines the object’s shape. These meshes are used as input for many applications, including 3D printing and virtual simulation.
Electron Beam Heating and Atomic Restructuring of Sapphire SurfacesTBMG-3439605/01/2019
NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed a new way to reduce the high-temperature heating requirement of sapphire substrates in wafer production. The growth of high-quality and single-crystal epitaxy layers on sapphires requires uniform and high-temperature heating to accommodate restructuring of the sapphire surface to be aluminum-terminated. These requirements (uniform heating and re-structuring of sapphire substrates) are challenging for high-yield and high-quality production. This innovation offers a new way to reduce the high-temperature heating requirement of sapphire substrates and at the same time create the morphological restructure of sapphire surface required.
Tiny Optical Elements Could One Day Replace Traditional Refractive LensesTBMG-3441905/01/2019
A Northwestern University research team has developed tiny optical elements from metal nanoparticles and a polymer that one day could replace traditional refractive lenses to realize portable imaging systems and optoelectronic devices. The flat and versatile lens, a type of metalens, has a thickness 100 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
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