Browse Topic: Historical reference

Items (69)

Investigations into the Effects of Spark Plug Location on Knock Initiation by using Multiple Pressure Transducers

2021-01-115909/21/2021

Despite a long history of development, modern spark-ignition engines are still restricted in obtaining higher thermal efficiency and better performance by knock. Knocking combustion is an unnatural combustion phenomenon caused by the autoignition of unburned air-fuel mixture ahead of the propagating flame front. This work describes investigations into the significance of spark plug location (with respect to inlet and exhaust valve position) on the knock formation mechanism. To facilitate the investigation, four spark plugs were installed in a specialized liner at four equispaced distinct locations to propagate flames from those locations, which provoked a distinct flame travel from each and thus individual autoignition profiles. Six pressure transducers were arranged to precisely record the pressure oscillations, knock intensities, and combustion characteristics. Four of the six transducers were mounted on the circumference of the liner (each next to one of the spark plugs), one was

Uddeen, Kalim, Shi, Hao, Tang, Qinglong, Turner, James

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering: September 2019

19AVEP0909/05/2019

Editorial The new 'face' of privacy The Navigator No trust in AI systems without data protection Innovation Nation In the mobility space, Israel is rivaling Silicon Valley for smarts and start-ups - and beats it in chutzpah. Autonomy in your Face Biometric technology is deemed essential to ensuring AV driving safety and advancing the user experience-if privacy issues don't derail its deployment. About Face! To win acceptance, deployment of facial-recognition technology needs to fit within a picture-perfect consumer and legal framework that balances benefits with privacy protection. The Vehicle as Gaming Device Audi spin-off Holoride uses VR to turn the back seat into an entertainment platform. BlackBerry Tech Duo Sees Emergence of Vehicle-based Platforms Though likely to provide the OS of autonomy, BlackBerry also anticipates a larger shift to automobiles as software platforms. Improving Lidar - or Defeating It The buzz at Sensors Expo pitted lidar-tech optimism against the reality of

Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Apollo 11: The Next Giant Leap

TBMG-3474907/01/2019

On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced before a special joint session of Congress the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the Moon before the end of the decade. Kennedy felt great pressure to have the United States “catch up to and overtake” the Soviet Union in the space race.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

TBMG-3282509/01/2018

In 1977, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, Golden, CO) started as the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), spurred by national concern during the 1973 oil embargo that caused long lines and high prices at gas stations. Three months after his 1977 inauguration, President Jimmy Carter announced his desire to reduce dependence on foreign oil and invest in alternative energy sources. He created SERI with the mission to launch a new American energy industry, and consolidated oversight of U.S. energy policy into the newly formed U.S. Department of Energy.

Reflex Reflectors

J594_201806 (Current)

06/19/2018

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for reflex reflectors.

Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm

Navigation and Route Guidance Function Accessibility While Driving Rationale

J2678_201609 (Current)09/30/2016

This document provides the rationale used by the Navigation Function Accessibility Subcommittee (the Subcommittee) for the development and content of a SAE J2364 Recommended Practice: Navigation and Route Guidance Function Accessibility While Driving. It provides both the reasoning for the overall recommended practice as well as each of its elements.

Driver Metrics, Performance, Behaviors and States Committee

Fixed Rigid Barrier Collision Tests

J850_201504 (Current)04/09/2015

Fixed rigid barrier collisions can represent severe automotive impacts. Barrier collision tests are conducted on automotive vehicles to obtain information of value in reducing occupant injuries and in evaluating structural integrity. The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish sufficient standardization of barrier collision methods so that results of similar tests conducted at different facilities can be compared. The barrier device may be of almost any configuration, such as flat, round, offset, etc.

Impact and Rollover Test Procedures Standards Committee

Lost in the Woods

1175011/19/2013

Recap of the 2013 University of Louisville Baja SAE team's season. The team had its best season to date placing 8th, 5th, and 2nd overall in the three North American competitions hosted by the Society of Automotive Engineers. With out a doubt the biggest highlight of the season was passing the University of Michigan in the final corners of the last lap of the Rochester endurance race to take first place in the race and clinch 2nd place overall for the competition; the highest finish for U of L at competition ever! The team was also awarded 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places in the design events at Tennessee, Washington, and Rochester respectively; not bad for a team that's only been to design finals four times in its history at UofL.

Bays, Alex

SAE Membership: You Belong Here

1173910/25/2013

We've been bringing together talented engineers since 1905--and you belong here. Join today at www.sae.org/join

Automotive Engineering International 2013-02-05

13AEID020502/05/2013

BMW readies mainstream carbon-fiber vehicle structures for MY2014 The partnership with SGL Composites is already making parts for the 2014 BMW i3 and i8. AEI visited the pioneering U.S. carbon-fiber plant and witnessed a potential emerging challenger to aluminum for vehicle lightweighting. Driving a safety 'brake-through' As pressure grows for accident-free travel, EuroNCAP is pushing for widespread adoption of autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems as a way to avoid accidents caused by late braking or braking with insufficient force. A history of leadership Ten years after completing his term on the SAE Board of Directors, Argonne National Laboratory's Donald G. Hillebrand takes on another role-2013 SAE President.

RFID on Aircraft Parts - Industry Initiatives, Testing Standards, and Best Practices for Storing Maintenance History Information Directly on Aircraft Parts

11VATC8060003/22/2012

The aerospace industry has long sought a solution for storing maintenance history information directly on aircraft parts. In 2005 leading airframe manufacturers determined that passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology presented a unique opportunity to address this industry need. Through the efforts of the Air Transport Association (ATA) RFID on Parts Committee and SAE International testing standards and data specifications are in place to support the broad adoption of passive RFID for storing parts history information directly on aircraft parts. The primary focus of the paper will be on the SAE AS-5678 environmental testing standard for passive RFID tags intended for aircraft use. Detail will be provided to help aerospace manufacturers understand their role and responsibilities for current programs and understand how this may impact their parts certification process. Also covered will be the ATA Spec2000 Chapter 9-5 data specification and details on how parts

Donahue, Kevin

John Calabrese -- The History of SAE Convergence, Electronic Innovation and Challenges

1102001/17/2012

SAE Convergence 2012 - http://www.sae.org/events/convergence/ October 16-17 in Detroit, Michigan. 2012 General Chair, John Calabrese, talks about the history of Convergence, electronic innovation, and future challenges. John is Vice President, Global Vehicle Engineering, General Motors Company.

Review and Comparison of Published Rollover Test Results

10VARANN2712/12/2011

Rollover research data is a valuable resource in the field of accident reconstruction and automotive safety. This data can provide the accident reconstructionist with information regarding number of rolls versus roll distance and vehicle average deceleration during the rollover event. One source of rollover research data readily available to the general public is the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Crash Test Database which includes dolly rollover test data. This data includes testing performed using the FMVSS 208 dolly fixture and the NHTSA Rollover Test Device (RTD) used from 1985 to 1995. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more thorough analysis of the RTD rollover tests performed for NHTSA which includes a history of the RTD test series, detailed review and analysis of the available data and videos to provide a better understanding of the actual vehicle test dynamics. The analyzed RTD test results are then compared regarding number of rolls, roll

L., Jennifer

Software Displays Data on Active Regions of the Sun

TBMG-1093809/01/2011

The Solar Active Region Display System is a computer program that generates, in near real time, a graphical display of parameters indicative of the spatial and temporal variations of activity on the Sun. These parameters include histories and distributions of solar flares, active region growth, coronal mass ejections, size, and magnetic configuration.

Finite-Element Simulations of Field and Current Distributions in Multifilament Superconducting Films

TBMG-884612/01/2010

The separation of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes in filaments is a viable approach to reduce AC losses in HTS high-power applications, where AC currents and/or fields may be applied in addition to any DC field present. Methods such as mechanical, laser scribing, photolithography, or direct printing on buffered substrates using inkjet deposition have been used to create the filaments in the second-generation HTS coated conductors in order to reduce hysteretic losses. However, losses of the finely striated tapes can still be noticeably larger than predicted by analytical expressions, due to the addition of coupling currents or lack of field penetration, and such deviation tends to grow with increasing filament density. In order to reduce the magnetic coupling between filaments and the associated AC losses, an in-depth understanding of flux and current dynamics in the multifilamentary HTS, in realistic conditions, is required.

World Wide Web Metaphors for Search Mission Data

TBMG-848009/01/2010

A software program that searches and browses mission data emulates a Web browser, containing standard metaphors for Web browsing. By taking advantage of back-end URLs, users may save and share search states. Also, since a Web interface is familiar to users, training time is reduced. Familiar back and forward buttons move through a local search history. A refresh/reload button regenerates a query, and loads in any new data. URLs can be constructed to save search results.

Exchanging 3D Data Between Mechanical CAD (MCAD) Systems

TBMG-TB-00764603/05/2010

Manufacturing companies must bring high-quality products to market faster than ever before. This tightened timeframe significantly impacts the manu- facturing supply chain — a familiar problem to most computer-aided design (CAD) users. The need for interoperability is a natural con- sequence of MCAD system differentiation within the supply chain, coupled with growing trends toward outsourcing designs and components, and increased emphasis on design collaboration.

Postprocessing Software for Micromechanics Analysis Code

TBMG-TB-00705601/22/2010

The Micromechanics Analysis Code Post-Processing (MACPOST) computer program is designed primarily to serve as an improved means of processing the output of the Micromechanics Analysis Code With Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) computer program. [MAC/GMC was described in "Comprehensive Micromechanics-Analysis Code (MAC/GMC)" (LEW-16870) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 24, No. 6 (June 2000), page 38. To recapitulate MAC/GMC is a comprehensive, user-friendly, efficient program that predicts the elastic and inelastic thermomechanical responses of continuous and discontinuous composite-material structures that have arbitrary internal microstructures and reinforcement shapes and are subjected to complex thermomechanical load histories.]

Electrically Variable or Programmable Nonvolatile Capacitors

TBMG-577310/01/2009

Electrically variable or programmable capacitors based on the unique properties of thin perovskite films are undergoing development. These capacitors show promise of overcoming two important deficiencies of prior electrically programmable capacitors:

Sequence History Update Tool

TBMG-335111/01/2008

The Sequence History Update Tool performs Web-based sequence statistics archiving for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Using a single UNIX command, the software takes advantage of sequencing conventions to automatically extract the needed statistics from multiple files. This information is then used to populate a PHP database, which is then seamlessly formatted into a dynamic Web page.

Interview with Ray Alderman, Executive Director of VITA

TBMG-620609/02/2008

Founded in 1984 to promote VMEbus technology, VITA is a non-profit organization of more than 125 vendor companies who share a common interest in real-time, modular embedded computing systems. In August 2008, VITA's Executive Director, Ray Alderman, agreed to speak with Embedded Technology's editor, Bruce Bennett, about the state of VME technology in 2008, how far it has come in its 30-year history, and where it is likely to go in the future.

Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

TBMG-261002/01/2008

OXIMAP is a numerical (FEA-based) solution tool capable of calculating the carbon fiber and fiber coating oxidation patterns within any arbitrarily shaped carbon silicon carbide composite structure as a function of time, temperature, and the environmental oxygen partial pressure. The mathematical formulation is derived from the mechanics of the flow of ideal gases through a chemically reacting, porous solid. The result of the formulation is a set of two coupled, non-linear differential equations written in terms of the oxidant and oxide partial pressures. The differential equations are solved simultaneously to obtain the partial vapor pressures of the oxidant and oxides as a function of the spatial location and time. The local rate of carbon oxidation is determined at each time step using the map of the local oxidant partial vapor pressure along with the Arrhenius rate equation. The non-linear differential equations are cast into matrix equations by applying the Bubnov- Galerkin

Low-Power FPGAs Aboard NASA’s Mission to Mars to Study Climate History

TBMG-253301/01/2008

RTAX-S field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) Actel Mountain View, CA 650-318-4200 www.actel.com

Open Innovation Model Helps P&G “Connect and Develop”

TBMG-248212/01/2007

By Ed Getty Research Fellow Procter & Gamble Cincinnati, OH

Eye On Innovation

TBMG-231910/01/2007

By Mike Santori National Instruments Business & Technology Fellow National Instruments Austin, TX

Initialized Fractional Calculus

TBMG-TB-00226409/18/2007

Initialization functions are essential to a revised formulation suitable for engineering and scientific applications. The fractional calculus (which admits of integrals and derivatives of non-integer order) dates back almost to the origin of the better-known ordinary (integer-order) calculus, but thus far has been treated more as a mathematical curiosity than as a scientific and engineering tool. Increasingly many physical processes are found to be best described using fractional differential equations. These processes include: viscoelasticity, rheology, electrochemistry, fractal processes, and many diffusion processes. The application of the fractional calculus to scientific and engineering problems has been inhibited by difficulties that arise from the basic definitions given heretofore for integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order. These difficulties are associated with the initialization problem, which is explained below.

Simulation Software Enables Development and Validation of NASA Probe Bus and Probe Carrier

TBMG-207708/01/2007

MSC Nastran and MSC Adams Enterprise Simulation Software MSC.Software Corp. Santa Ana, CA 714-540-8900 www.mscsoftware.com

Clearer Images on Near Infrared Camera Made Possible with Filters

TBMG-121202/01/2007

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is scheduled for launch in 2013 and aims to unravel the history of earlier galaxies, linking the Big Bang to the Milky Way Galaxy. JWST’s Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) is a filter-based instrument covering the spectral range of 0.6 to 5.0 microns. The Principle Investigator for NIRCam is Dr. Marcia Reike of the University of Arizona, while the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of Lockheed Martin is responsible for its manufacture, integration, and testing. Barr Associates recently was selected to design, manufacture, and test 30 filters for the JWST NIRCam. Barr previously provided spaceflight filters for Lockheed Martin ATC, including those for the Solar-B and shuttle glow experiments.

NASA Institute Studies and Identifies Martian Land Formations

TBMG-116401/01/2007

The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) in Houston is part of the Universities Space Research Association, and is a NASAfunded institute that conducts research in the lunar, planetary, and terrestrial sciences on behalf of university science departments and NASA. The most recent project between the University of Houston (UH) and the LPI seeks to identify and characterize the natural landscape structures of Mars, such as the inside of craters, valley networks, and the outside and inside rims of craters and inter-crater plains. Identifying these structures is important because rocks, minerals, and geologic landforms hold clues to past water activity on Mars. Understanding the history of water on Mars is a part of NASA’s long-term Mars Exploration Project.

Control Software for a High-Performance Telerobot

TBMG-TB-00046412/19/2006

A computer program for controlling a high-performance, force-reflecting telerobot has been developed. The goal in designing a telerobot-control system is to make the velocity of the slave match the master velocity, and the environmental force on the master match the force on the slave. Instability can arise from even small delays in propagation of signals between master and slave units. The present software, based on an impedance shaping algorithm, ensures stability even in the presence of long delays. It implements a real-time algorithm that processes position and force measurements from the master and slave and represents the master/slave communication link as a transmission line. The algorithm also uses the history of the control force and the slave motion to estimate the impedance of the environment. The estimate of the impedance of the environment is used to shape the controlled slave impedance to match the transmission-line impedance. The estimate of the environmental impedance

Compact, Precise Inertial Rotation Sensors for Spacecraft

TBMG-176104/01/2006

A document describes a concept for an inertial sensor for measuring the rotation of an inertially stable spacecraft around its center of gravity to within 100 microarc- seconds or possibly even higher precision. Whereas a current proposal for a spacecraft-rotation sensor of this accuracy requires one spacecraft dimension on the order of ten meters, a sensor according to this proposal could fit within a package smaller than 1 meter and would have less than a tenth of the mass. According to the concept, an inertial mass and an apparatus for monitoring the mass would be placed at some known distance from the center of gravity so that any rotation of the spacecraft would cause relative motion between the mass and the spacecraft. The relative motion would be measured and, once the displacement of the mass exceeded a prescribed range, a precisely monitored restoring force would be applied to return the mass to a predetermined position. Measurements of the relative motion and restoring force

Control Software for a High-Performance Telerobot

TBMG-46412/01/2005

Two-Dimensional Ffowcs Williams/Hawkings Equation Solver

TBMG-45711/01/2005

FWH2D is a Fortran 90 computer program that solves a two-dimensional (2D) version of the equation, derived by J. E. Ffowcs Williams and D. L. Hawkings, for sound generated by turbulent flow. FWH2D was developed especially for estimating noise generated by airflows around such approximately 2D airframe components as slats. The user provides input data on fluctuations of pressure, density, and velocity on some surface. These data are combined with information about the geometry of the surface to calculate histories of thickness and loading terms. These histories are fast- Fourier-transformed into the frequency domain. For each frequency of interest and each observer position specified by the user, kernel functions are integrated over the surface by use of the trapezoidal rule to calculate a pressure signal. The resulting frequency-domain signals are inverse-fast-Fourier-transformed back into the time domain. The output of the code consists of the time- and frequency domain

100 Years of Engine Developments

PT-11503/30/2005

This comprehensive collection of 100 papers looks back at the technological advancements and accomplishments that played a key factor in the evolution of the internal combustion engine over the last 100 years. This collection covers the many challenges that affected the development of the internal engine powerplant through history, including producing vehicles that are faster, more responsive, fuel efficient, and create fewer emissions than previous models. The papers chosen to be a part of this collection hold a wealth of historical background. This background is only the beginning of many new developments to come, we need not rediscover what the pioneers in this industry have already learned but use this knowledge to further advance engine technology. Each chapter offers a look at the research, testing, and design changes that have taken place in specific components of the engine. This valuable information can be used to map out a path of the past when looking to develop new products

Holt, Daniel J.

Encryption for Remote Control via Internet or Intranet

TBMG-76003/01/2005

A data-communication protocol has been devised to enable secure, reliable remote control of processes and equipment via a collision-based network, while using minimal bandwidth and computation. The network could be the Internet or an intranet. Control is made secure by use of both a password and a dynamic key, which is sent transparently to a remote user by the controlled computer (that is, the computer, located at the site of the equipment or process to be controlled, that exerts direct control over the process). The protocol functions in the presence of network latency, overcomes errors caused by missed dynamic keys, and defeats attempts by unauthorized remote users to gain control. The protocol is not suitable for real-time control, but is well suited for applications in which control latencies up to about 0.5 second are acceptable.

Automotive Engineering International 2005-02-01

AUTOFEB0502/01/2005

Concepts from Detroit January's North American International Auto Show was the backdrop for a number of interesting concept vehicles with cutting-edge technology and styling that foreshadows new cars and trucks of the not-too-distant future. Under pressure One of the key building blocks for good-performing, clean, and efficient engines is precise, high-pressure fuel injection. Recent advances in diesel systems by top suppliers are helping OEMs meet increasing market demands. Engineering a career in China As the demand for personal mobility continues to grow, so too does the demand for qualified engineers to develop the technologies that go into those vehicles. Digital development This special section of Testing and Simulation focuses on different aspects of digital product development. Asia hot on new cooling technology Not tied as much to aluminum as is the West, China and Russia are moving fast toward widespread use of copper and brass for radiators. Introducing Ted Robertson, SAE

Automotive Engineering International 2004-12-01

AUTODEC0412/01/2004

Lighting goes digital Headlights move towards full integration with sensors, adjusting to turns and other driving conditions, while high-intensity discharge and light-emitting-diode technologies see continued growth. 2004 technology in review AEI editors look back at some of the most significant engineering and innovation stories of the past year. The age of digital experience SAE 100 Future look: Automotive historians will remember the beginning of the 21st century as a defining moment in the history of an industry. Simplifying advanced computing SAE 100 Future look: There is no doubt the world is changing. Global competition and sourcing, cost pressures, safety, and environmental concerns are just a few evolving realities facing the automotive industry today. Up-front simulation for innovation SAE 100 Future look: For over a decade, research has proven that 70 to 80% of a vehicle's development and manufacturing cost is determined by decisions taken during the very early concept and

Discrepancy Reporting Management System

TBMG-160809/01/2004

Discrepancy Reporting Management System (DRMS) is a computer program designed for use in the stations of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) to help establish the operational history of equipment items; acquire data on the quality of service provided to DSN customers; enable measurement of service performance; provide early insight into the need to improve processes, procedures, and interfaces; and enable the tracing of a data outage to a change in software or hardware. DRMS is a Web-based software system designed to include a distributed-database and replication feature to achieve location-specific autonomy while maintaining a consistent high quality of data. DRMS incorporates commercial Web and database software. DRMS collects, processes, replicates, communicates, and manages information on spacecraft data discrepancies, equipment resets, and physical equipment status, and maintains an internal station log. All discrepancy reports (DRs), Master discrepancy reports (MDRs), and Reset data

Simultaneous Product Development Provides a New Approach to Design Collaboration

TBMG-160909/01/2004

Product development is becoming increasingly global and as a result, new challenges have emerged,such as coordinating geographically dispersed teams of suppliers and partners. Consequently, the modern enterprise is more similar to a network of interconnected nodes that work in parallel and need constant dynamic synchronization. The widespread adoption of digital design documents, the introduction of collaboration tools like Web-based review and mark-up, and Internet-accessible databases have made design data more readily available.

Model of Mixing Layer With Multicomponent Evaporating Drops

TBMG-80903/01/2004

A mathematical model of a three-dimensional mixing layer laden with evaporating fuel drops composed of many chemical species has been derived. The study is motivated by the fact that typical real petroleum fuels contain hundreds of chemical species. Previously, for the sake of computational efficiency, spray studies were performed using either models based on a single representative species or models based on surrogate fuels of at most 15 species. The present multicomponent model makes it possible to perform more realistic simulations by accounting for hundreds of chemical species in a computationally efficient manner.

Simulation of MEMS Piezoelectric Micropump for Biomedical Applications

TBMG-49109/01/2003

Since the advent of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, microfabrication methods have been used to manufacture a wide range of miniature pumps. These micropumps find their greatest use in chemical and biomedical applications requiring the transport of small, accurately measured liquid quantities. When utilized in chemical applications, micropumps are often a component of a lab-on-a-chip device. Such devices are envisioned as providing for reasonably inexpensive, possibly even disposable, means to conduct laboratory experiments.

Exchanging 3D Data Between Mechanical CAD (MCAD) Systems

TBMG-764605/01/2003

Air Bag Development and Performance

PT-8803/03/2003

Follow the fascinating development of the automotive air bag - from its introduction to the latest advances - in this comprehensive collection of papers from both SAE and other professional sources, complete with informative diagrams, graphics, and charts. Air Bag Development and Performance: New Perspectives from Industry, Government and Academia begins with five chapters - one each from Editor Richard Kent and the collection's four Associate Editors - offering the authors' unique perspectives on the history, development, or performance of these important safety devices. Approximately 50 selected SAE, government, and other papers are also provided in their entirety, along with the titles and abstracts of about 90 other papers (listed as recommended reading) and the titles of some 600 related papers for further reference (included in a bibliography at the end of the book).

Kent, Richard W.

Software for Tracking Costs of Mars Projects

TBMG-221102/01/2003

The Mars Cost Tracking Model is a computer program that administers a system set up for tracking the costs of future NASA projects that pertain to Mars. Previously, no such tracking system existed, and documentation was written in a variety of formats and scattered in various places. It was difficult to justify costs or even track the history of costs of a spacecraft mission to Mars. The present software enables users to maintain all cost-model definitions, documentation, and justifications of cost estimates in one computer system that is accessible via the Internet. The software provides sign-off safeguards to ensure the reliability of information entered into the system. This system may eventually be used to track the costs of projects other than only those that pertain to Mars.

Optimal Feedback Control of Thermal Networks

TBMG-101802/01/2003

An improved approach to the mathematical modeling of feedback control of thermal networks has been devised. Heretofore software for feedback control of thermal networks has been developed by time-consuming trial-and-error methods that depend on engineers' expertise. In contrast, the present approach is a systematic means of developing algorithms for feedback control that is optimal in the sense that it combines performance with low cost of implementation. An additional advantage of the present approach is that a thermal engineer need not be expert in control theory.

Initialized Fractional Calculus

TBMG-226410/01/2002

The fractional calculus (which admits of integrals and derivatives of non-integer order) dates back almost to the origin of the better-known ordinary (integer-order) calculus, but thus far has been treated more as a mathematical curiosity than as a scientific and engineering tool. Increasingly many physical processes are found to be best described using fractional differential equations. These processes include: viscoelasticity, rheology, electrochemistry, fractal processes, and many diffusion processes. The application of the fractional calculus to scientific and engineering problems has been inhibited by difficulties that arise from the basic definitions given heretofore for integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order. These difficulties are associated with the initialization problem, which is explained below.

Stretching It

R-30103/01/2002

The first-ever comprehensive look at the limousine - the complete automotive and social history Since the golden age of automobiles in the early 1900s, the American public has been fascinated by the elegant, daring, or just plain outrageous designs of the limousines and town cars in which royalty, movie stars, and captains of industry are driven. This book traces the history of the stretch limousine, from the classic, stately styles of the early days to the sleek, contemporary, and luxury filled models of today. Readers will get the story of the cars themselves, as well as the chauffeurs and those who have ridden in the back seat. From the Foreword - "(This) is a look at another of mankind's fundamental impulses: getting from one place to another as magnificently as possible, better yet if the Joneses take notice" Chapters cover: The origins of the Limousine The Coachbuilders Commercial Limousine Operators Buying a Limousine Exotic Limousines Presidential Rides Limousine Etiquette

Mazza, Tom

Pioneers of the U.S. Automobile Industry (Set of 4 volumes)

R-251.SET02/01/2002

Pioneers of the U.S. Automobile Industry uses four separate volumes to explore the essential components that helped build the American automobile industry - the people, the companies and the designs. This set consists of: Volume 1: The Big Three Volume 2: The Small Independents Volume 3: The Financial Wizards Volume 4: The Design Innovators

Kollins, Michael J.

Electronics Integration Test Station Development Methods

2001-01-276911/12/2001

The methods used to cope with the simultaneous development of the Electronics Integration Test Station (EITS) hardware and software in conjunction with its Test Target hardware and software are reviewed. The EITS provides a system level test facility for conducting hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) evaluations on vehicle electronic control systems. The development methods feature, formal hardware and software requirements documentation, formal software development, an iterative build process, and electronic capture of test incidents for analysis, verification and problem resolution. The application of the software development environment including the requirements management tools, and object oriented design tools is discussed within the context of the development methodology.

Sevcovic, Michael, Boyer, James, Swenson, Eric T.

System Processes Data From Wind-Tunnel Acoustic Measurements

TBMG-737507/01/2001

A processing system has been developed to meet increasing demands for detailed noise measurement of aircraft in wind tunnels. Phased arrays enable spatial and amplitude measurements of acoustic sources, including low signal-to-noise sources not measurable by conventional techniques. The Microphone Array Phased Processing System (MAPPS) provides processing and visualization of acoustic array measurements made in wind tunnels. The system uses networked parallel computers to provide noise maps at selected frequencies in a near real-time testing environment. The system has been successfully used in two subsonic, hard-walled wind tunnels, the NASA Ames 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel and the NASA Ames 12-Foot Wind Tunnel. Low-level airframe noise that cannot be measured with traditional techniques was measured in both tests.

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