Browse Topic: Vehicle health management (VHM)

Items (58)

Integrated Vehicle Health management(IVHM):Prognosis and diagnosis system

2022-26-116605/26/2022

The Performance of the vehicle depends on its systems and sub-systems integrated within. The health of the systems and subsystems need to be prognosed or diagnosed in automatically. The automatic health assessment of the critical vehicle systems will remove the possibility of the human error and turn-around time. IVHM is a concept for the complete maintenance life cycle of a vehicle. Integrated Vehicle Health management (IVHM) practices to automate and integrate the various components which will be providing the prognostic assessment of the critical system and their components. IVHM provides maintenance and logistical systems with a global picture of the vehicle health and give direction on how the vehicle and fleet should be managed for optimum health. All the stages of Integrated Vehicle Health management system required to be minimal human interaction to facilitate data and information transfer between the systems. IVHM is the need of the growing aerospace and automotive industries

Kranti, Kunwar, Surekha, Nancy

AI-based Signal Integrity Monitoring for Integrated Vehicle Health Management

2022-01-025603/29/2022

The increasing complexity of vehicle electronics and software is bringing an abundance of vehicle health related challenges, including quality issues and increasing costs of warranty claims, recalls, maintenance, and downtime. This negatively impacts both OEM and fleet profitability, user experience, and end customer costs. In order to reduce OEM costs and the total cost of ownership for consumers and fleets, new methods are needed to detect, predict, and diagnose vehicle health issues. Existing vehicle health management solutions rely on diagnostics trouble codes (DTC) and limited amounts of telematics data. These solutions can detect known failure modes using hard-coded signal behavior validation rules that are frequently based on thresholds. They also provide alerts based on pre-defined error codes. However, they are unable to detect and diagnose unforeseen failure modes that do not have hard-coded rules, nor can they prognose future vehicle health issues. By using deep learning

Apartsin, Sasha, Stein, Hilik, Reiter, Gil, Williams, Kyle W.

Network End-to-End Data Link Evaluation System Transceiver Health Monitoring

AIR6552/3 (Current)12/22/2020

This document establishes methods to obtain, store, and access data about the health of a fiber optic network using commercial sensors located in or near the transceiver. This document is intended for: Managers, Engineers, Contracting Officers, Third Party Maintenance Agencies, and Quality Assurance.

AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee

Solenoid Valve Health Monitor

TBMG-3700506/01/2020

The Solenoid Valve Health Monitor System (SVHMS) was developed to remotely monitor the health of solenoid valves, lowering operational costs and increasing reliability by predicting valve failures before they occur. The system measures and analyzes steady state and transient components of the magnetic field and indirectly, the electric current in a solenoid valve during normal operation. It enables continuous monitoring of the integrity and operational status of solenoid valves without the need for interrupting their operation to conduct frequent inspections.

Determination of Costs and Benefits from Implementing an Engine Health Management System

ARP4176A (Current)04/28/2020

This ARP provides an insight into how to approach a cost benefit analysis (CBA) to determine the return on investment (ROI) that would result from implementing a propulsion Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) system on an air vehicle. It describes the complexity of features that can be considered in the analysis, the different tools and approaches for conducting a CBA and differentiates between military and commercial applications. This document is intended to help those who might not necessarily have a deep technical understanding or familiarity with PHM systems but want to either quantify or understand the economic benefits (i.e., the value proposition) that a PHM system could provide.

E-32 Aerospace Propulsion Systems Health Management

Unsettled Technology Opportunities for Vehicle Health Management and the Role for Health-Ready Components

EPR202000303/17/2020

{"italic":"health-ready\n components","content":["Game-changing opportunities abound for the application of vehicle health\n management (VHM) across multiple transportation-related sectors, but key\n unresolved issues continue to impede progress. VHM technology is based upon the\n broader field of advanced analytics. Much of traditional analytics efforts to\n date have been largely descriptive in nature and offer somewhat limited value\n for large-scale enterprises. Analytics technology becomes increasingly valuable\n when it offers predictive results or, even better, prescriptive results, which\n can be used to identify specific courses of action. It is this focus on action\n which takes analytics to a higher level of impact, and which imbues it with the\n potential to materially impact the success of the enterprise. Artificial\n intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning technology, shows future\n promise in the VHM space, but it is not currently adequate by itself for\n high

Dynamic Mechanical Strain-Induced Temperature Gradient Coating

TBMG-3581101/01/2020

Evaluating components for discontinuities without damaging the part or system remains a priority for diverse industries and research fields. Low-cost techniques such as fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) are used widely by major industries, such as aviation and aerospace, despite limited defect detection and the need for complex, multi-step operations in highly controlled conditions. Nondestructive methods such as sonic infrared (SIR) testing apply ultrasound waves to identify surface defects and cracks. These techniques hold promise for widespread use but stand to improve in the detection of false positives.

Web-Based Technology Assesses Structural Health

TBMG-3544511/01/2019

Understanding how cars, planes, bridges, and other structures handle vibrations and dynamic loads can be critical to their design and performance. Researchers have developed a new way to measure the response of civil, mechanical, and aerospace structures to dynamic loads and analyze their structural health.

Perspectives on Integrating Structural Health Monitoring Systems into Fixed-Wing Military Aircraft

AIR6245 (Current)09/18/2019

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is prepared for stakeholders seeking information about the evolution, integration, and approval of SHM technologies for military aircraft systems. The report provides this information in the form of (a) two military organizations’ perspectives on requirements, and (b) general SHM challenges and industry perspectives. The report only provides information to generate awareness of perspectives for military aircraft and, hence, assists those who are involved in developing SHM systems understanding the broad range of regulations, requirements, and standards published by military organizations that are available in the public domain from the military organizations.

Aerospace Industry Steering Committee on Structural Health

Keeping Data Fresh for Wireless Networks

TBMG-3286809/01/2018

For wireless networks that share time-sensitive information on the fly, it's not enough to transmit data quickly: that data also needs to be fresh. Consider the many sensors in your car. While it may take less than a second for most sensors to transmit a data packet to a central processor, the age of that data may vary depending on how frequently a sensor is relaying readings. In an ideal network, these sensors should be able to transmit updates constantly, providing the freshest, most current status for every measurable feature, from tire pressure to the proximity of obstacles. But there's only so much data that a wireless channel can transmit without completely overwhelming the network.

Battery Impedance Measurement with Step Current of Different Amplitude under Temperature and State of Charge Control

2018-01-044304/03/2018

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is often applied to analyze and describe the battery internal electrochemical processes. And the methods of battery state estimation including state of health diagnosis with electrochemical impedance have attracted a wide attention. In the paper, a novel fast impedance measuring method based on wavelet transform with a step excitation current is proposed and further studied. With the method, the current generated by the electric vehicle and the responding voltage of the battery can be utilized to calculate and provide the battery impedance for the battery management system. Taking into account the varying amplitude of the current and the battery states, the battery impedance was measured with step excitation signals of different amplitude at different temperature and state of charge (SOC). Then the battery impedance was calculated with the proposed method and compared to the electrochemical impedance measured with an electrochemical

Wang, Xueyuan, Zhang, Junhan, Wei, Xuezhe, Dai, Haifeng

High-Speed, High-Resolution Multimode Sensing of Structural Strain and Shape

TBMG-2871104/01/2018

Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) have been developing a fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) that represents a major breakthrough in operational monitoring of myriad structures. FOSS consists of eight 40-foot optical fibers, each containing 2,000 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors along its entire length. These fibers are attached to the surface of, or even embedded within a structure. As the structure experiences stress or pressure, the FBG sensors respond to the strain. FOSS uses this response to calculate a variety of critical parameters, including strain, shape deformation, temperature, liquid level, strength, and operational loads.

Development of Automated Structural Health Monitoring for Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels

TBMG-2782311/01/2017

Virtually all NASA spacecraft use composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) to reduce the weight disadvantage of metal pressure vessels. However, these composite structures are more susceptible to damage than metal PVs, are difficult to inspect, have large burst pressure variability, and are susceptible to stress rupture when maintained at pressure. Over the past few years, NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) has developed novel analysis methods that show promise for assessing the structural health of composite overwrapped pressure vessels. These methods and industry standard methods have been integrated into specialized software for automated analysis, thus significantly increasing throughput to the point where real-time assessments of structural health may be determined. Adaptive analysis methods have also been developed to provide modal analyses at specified points in a structure's life, including loading, unloading, and dwells. Together, these

The Power of Ultrasonic Piezo Transducers for Medical Applications

TBMG-2771810/01/2017

Structural Health Monitoring System/Method Using Electroactive Polymer Fibers

TBMG-2731208/01/2017

NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a novel polymer material that can be utilized as a real-time structural health monitoring sensor. The material is electroactive and generates a signal in response to a mechanical force. The material is also highly elastic, which allows for a large range of measurable strain levels, and is highly durable.

System for Repairing Cracks in Structures

TBMG-2719507/01/2017

NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed an innovative coating to heal cracks in metal components, such as in aircraft and bridges. Currently, the coating is used for in-laboratory repairs of surface cracks. Development continues with the ultimate goal of an in-situ healing mechanism that can work autonomously with structural health monitoring detectors.

Controlled Deposition and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes

TBMG-2664204/01/2017

NASA Langley Research Center researchers are experts at producing carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM). The sensors can be embedded in structures of all geometries to monitor conditions both inside and at the surface of the structure to continuously sense changes. Having accumulated a body of knowledge on how to deposit and align CNTs, NASA is adept at manipulating the CNTs into specific orientations to create small, powerful, and flexible sensors. One of the sensors created by NASA is a highly flexible sensor for crack growth detection and strain field mapping that features a very dense and highly ordered array of single-walled CNTs. NASA is seeking companies that are interested in licensing technology or engaging NASA in joint research in the area of CNT sensors.

Planning Flexible Maintenance for Heavy Trucks using Machine Learning Models, Constraint Programming, and Route Optimization

2017-01-023703/28/2017

Maintenance planning of trucks at Scania have previously been done using static cyclic plans with fixed sets of maintenance tasks, determined by mileage, calendar time, and some data driven physical models. Flexible maintenance have improved the maintenance program with the addition of general data driven expert rules and the ability to move sub-sets of maintenance tasks between maintenance occasions. Meanwhile, successful modelling with machine learning on big data, automatic planning using constraint programming, and route optimization are hinting on the ability to achieve even higher fleet utilization by further improvements of the flexible maintenance. The maintenance program have therefore been partitioned into its smallest parts and formulated as individual constraint rules. The overall goal is to maximize the utilization of a fleet, i.e. maximize the ability to perform transport assignments, with respect to maintenance. A sub-goal is to minimize costs for vehicle break downs and

Biteus, Jonas, Lindgren, Tony

Lessons Learned from Developing, Implementing, and Operating a Health Management System for Propulsion and Drive Train Systems

AIR1871C (Current)01/19/2017

SAE Aerospace Information Report AIR1871 provides valuable insight into lessons learned in the development, implementation, and operation of various health monitoring systems for propulsion engines and drive train systems. This document provides an overview of the lessons learned for ground-based systems, oil debris monitoring systems, lubrication systems, and Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) for military and commercial programs. For each case study, this document presents a brief technical description, the design requirements, accomplishments, lessons learned, and future recommendations. The lessons learned presented in this document represent a fragment of the knowledge gained through experience when developing and implementing a propulsion health management system. Previous versions of this document contain additional lessons learned during the 1980’s and 1990’s that may be of additional value to the reader. This document will be maintained as technology progresses so that

E-32 Aerospace Propulsion Systems Health Management

Lightning Protection and Detection System

TBMG-2615501/01/2017

NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed a sensor technology for structural health monitoring on composite aircraft surfaces. When conventional aircraft are struck by lightning, the result can range from no damage to serious damage requiring extensive repairs that can take the airplane out of service for an extended period of time. The SansEC technology is a proven wireless sensing platform capable of measuring the electrical impedance of physical matter in proximity to the sensor based on a change in its resonance response. The sensor also exhibits a unique characteristic to disperse the lightning strike current to help mitigate lightning damage. In this application, an array of SansEC sensors will cover a selective area of the aircraft surface, providing both mitigation and damage sensing.

SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars—Electronic and Electrical Systems

E-JOURNAL-0701/01/2017

The SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems is discontinued from 2020 and merged into SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Indexed in CNKI ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index, Web of Science) Engineering Village (Ei Compendex) Scopus Published Volumes

Elevated Temperature Modal Response and Delamination Detection in Carbon-Epoxy Beams

2016-01-908212/21/2016

Polymer matrix composites are increasingly adopted in aerospace and automotive industries due to their many attributes, such as their high strength to weight ratio, tailorability, and high fatigue and durability performance. However, these materials also have complex damage and failure mechanisms, such as delaminations, which can severely degrade their strength and fatigue performance. To effectively and safely use composite materials in primary structures, it is essential to assess composite damage response for development of accurate predictive models. Therefore, this study focuses on determining the response of damaged and undamaged carbon epoxy beams subjected to vibration loadings at elevated temperatures. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) technique is used to analyze the beams’ modal response. The HHT shows potential in identifying the nonlinear damaged response of the beams. Using empirical mode decomposition to separate superposed modes of signals, several intrinsic mode

Michael, Bradley, Sullivan, Rani, Samaratunga, Dulip, Jha, Ratneshwar

Simultaneous Estimation of the SOC and Parameters of Batteries for HEV/EV

2016-01-119504/05/2016

This paper proposes a battery state estimation on a battery management system (BMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). It is important to estimate a state of charge (SOC) and parameters of the battery such as a state of health (SOH), internal resistances and dynamics of electrochemical reactions. The BMS can provide information on the driving range of the EVs to the drivers by accurately estimating SOC and SOH. It can also calculate a state of power (SOP) to use the battery safely by accurately estimated SOC, internal resistances and others. For that purpose, this paper proposes the BMS adopted a simultaneous state of charge (SOC) and parameter estimation method using log-normalized unscented Kalman filter (LnUKF). The key idea is a lognormalization of the parameters to improve numerical stability and robustness of the algorithm. The proposed system is verified by a series of simulations using experimental data with EVs. One of the SOC and parameter

Baba, Atsushi, Itabashi, Kinnosuke, Teranishi, Nozomu, Edamoto, Yoshihiro, Osamura, Kensuke, Maruta, Ichiro, Adachi, Shuichi

v-Anomica: A Fast Support Vector-Based Novelty Detection Technique

10/01/2015

Outlier or anomaly detection refers to the task of identifying abnormal or inconsistent patterns from a dataset. While they may seem to be undesirable entities, identifying them has many potential applications in fraud and intrusion detection, medical research, and safety-critical vehicle health management. Outliers can be detected using supervised, semi-supervised, or unsupervised techniques. Unsupervised techniques do not require labeled instances for detecting outliers. Supervised techniques require labeled instances of both normal and abnormal operation data for first building a model (e.g., a classifier), and then testing if an unknown data point is a normal one or an outlier. The model can be probabilistic such as Bayesian inference or deterministic such as decision trees, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and neural networks. Semi-supervised techniques only require labeled instances of normal data. Hence, they are more widely applicable than the fully supervised ones. These

Vibration Response and Damage Detection of Carbon/ Epoxy Beams at Elevated Temperatures using the Hilbert-Huang Transform

2015-01-258609/15/2015

The vibration response from undamaged and damaged polymer matrix composite beams at elevated temperatures is analyzed using the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) technique. The HHT shows potential in identifying the nonlinear damaged response of the beams. Using empirical mode decomposition to separate superposed modes of signals, several intrinsic mode functions can be determined which can reveal more information about complex nonlinear signals than traditional data analysis techniques such as the Fourier Transform. The composite beams are fabricated from an out-of-autoclave uniaxial carbon/epoxy prepreg (CYCOM™-5320-1/T650). Delamination damage in the composite layups is introduced by insertion of mold release wax films during fabrication. A shaker-table fixture was used for the vibration testing of all beams in a vertical cantilever configuration. High temperature piezoelectric accelerometers were used to obtain the vibration data for a frequency range of 1-61 Hz. This study

Michael, Bradley, Sullivan, Rani Warsi, Samaratunga, Dulip, Jha, Ratneshwar

Scott Jensen, Aerospace Technologist (AST) Electronics Engineer, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi

TBMG-2042308/26/2014

Scott Jensen and his team developed the Valve Health Monitoring System (VHMS), a technology designed for detecting deterioration in the mechanical integrity of high-geared ball valves and linearly actuated valves. Beyond valve monitoring, the technology has also been effective at performing real-time verification for structural integrity of hydrogen barge dock facilities.

Thermally Activated Crack Healing Mechanism for Metallic Materials

TBMG-1990506/01/2014

A thermally activated healing mechanism is proposed and experimentally validated to mitigate crack propagation damage in metallic materials. The protected structure is coated with a thin metallic film of a low-melting-temperature healing agent. To heal or mitigate crack damage, the structure is heated to the melting temperature of the healing agent, allowing it to flow into the crack opening. Once in the crack mouth, the healing agent has two benefits: (1) by adhering to the crack surfaces, the healing agent bridges the crack, reducing the amount of load at the crack tip; and (2) any voluminous substance in the crack mouth causes crack closure (premature crack-face contact during cyclic loading) that also reduces the crack-tip loading.

Structural Health Monitoring in Civil Aviation: Applications and Integration

2013-01-222009/17/2013

In civil aviation the main driver for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is to provide maintenance and ownership benefits. The maintenance benefits are defined in terms of improving maintenance planning, increasing inspection intervals and reducing inspection cost. The ownership benefits can be measured in residual value and life extension. In this paper different aspects of SHM implementation are discussed for fatigue monitoring and fatigue damage sensing with a consideration of minimizing challenges for SHM implementation. First, the current Fatigue Monitoring implementation scenarios for the most representative agile military aircraft are reviewed. In the following some aircraft utilization results obtained from analyzing different airlines are presented. The obtained results show a better possibility of categorizing fleet of an airline in comparison with agile military aircraft. Based on these results a concept for fatigue monitoring of a civil aircraft is proposed that can be

Mofakhami, M. Reza, Pinsonnault, Jerome

New Guidelines for Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring in Aerospace Applications

2013-01-221909/17/2013

The first cross-industry guidelines for the implementation of structural health monitoring for aerospace applications have been created as a SAE International Aerospace Recommended Practices document: SAE ARP 6461 ‘Guidelines for Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring on Fixed Wing Aircraft’ [1]. These guidelines have brought together manufacturers, operators / users, systems integrators, regulators, technology providers and researchers to produce information on the integration of SHM into aircraft maintenance procedures, generic requirements and advice on validation, verification and airworthiness. The take-up of SHM in the aerospace industry has been slow, in part due to the lack of accepted industry practices surrounding not just the technology itself (sensors and sensor systems) but also the associated issues arising from the introduction of new methods into aircraft maintenance. The SHM community responded by forming an Industry Steering Committee on the topic which then

Composite Structural Health Monitoring for MALE UAV Application

2013-01-215909/17/2013

The target of this paper is to describe the SHM project developed at CIRA. In order to achieve the low weigh target in the MALE UAV structures, the SHM project has the target to setup a system that, being able to evaluate the current state of the structure, will enable minus conservative assumption in the composite structural design. A lamb wave based procedure has been developed in order to analyze the presence of a barely visible impact defect (BVID). The techniques for the damage detections of composite and metallic structures have been developed through extensive numerical-experimental analysis based on lambwave investigation by using piezoelectric sense- actuators. The use of SHM technology and methodology has shown the possibility to have a significant reduction in the structural weight. The technology has achieved a TRL level between 4 and 5 and in order to achieve a higher TRL a test on a component in relevant environment is planned at the end of 2014. The application on MALE

Di Palma, Luigi, Sorrentino, Assunta, Vitiello, Pasquale, Izzo, Carmelo

Acoustic Emission Analysis Applet (AEAA) Software

TBMG-1723309/01/2013

NASA Glenn Research and NASA White Sands Test Facility have developed software supporting an automated pressure vessel structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on acoustic emissions (AE). The software, referred to as the Acoustic Emission Analysis Applet (AEAA), provides analysts with a tool that can interrogate data collected on Digital Wave Corp. and Physical Acoustics Corp. software using a wide spectrum of powerful filters and charts. This software can be made to work with any data once the data format is known. The applet will compute basic AE statistics, and statistics as a function of time and pressure (see figure). AEAA provides value added beyond the analysis provided by the respective vendors’ analysis software. The software can handle data sets of unlimited size.

Dynamic Load Estimation for Heavy Trucks on Bridge Structures

2013-01-062604/08/2013

As part of a system for structural health monitoring, it is required to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of vertical loads arising from heavy trucks driven on flexible bridge structures. An instrumented truck is used to generate the input loads and estimate the load time histories. The truck can carry a range of sensors; however direct measurement of vertical tire loads between the tires and the structure is not considered realistic. The dynamic loads are to be estimated from the sensor outputs. These are affected by both truck and bridge dynamics and these must be accounted for within the load estimation process. Estimation may be susceptible to many factors including static mass distribution, vehicle longitudinal motion, variations in lateral position on the bridge, as well as any surface unevenness. The focus of this paper is on using high fidelity simulation models to develop appropriate methodologies for load estimation which optimize the use of sensors on the

Gordon, Timothy, Mitra, Mainak

Bi-Axial Vibration Energy Harvesting

TBMG-1568502/01/2013

For air platforms, the installation of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems is complicated by the fact that the majority of SHM devices need to be fitted on internal aircraft structure, underneath the aircraft’s skin. If the SHM device is in a location that is difficult to access, then powering the device may be problematic because traditional powering methods are generally not feasible. For example, replacing batteries on many SHM devices deployed across a fleet would be impractical, and accessing an onboard power system to supply SHM devices may lead to flight worthiness and certification issues.

Solid State Power Control as a Network Backbone for Aircraft System Health Management

2012-01-223310/22/2012

Aircraft-level health management requires effective management of data flow. As future aircraft adopt conditioned base maintenance (CBM) and/or integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) protocols, there is need to manage infinitely more data communication on and off the aircraft. This paper explores the idea of employing an Electronic Power Distribution System (EPDS) as a “network backbone” for aircraft-level prognostics. Using EPDS to capture and distribute this data provides a practical solution that minimizes system hardware on future CBM/IVHM enabled aircraft. Employing the Electronic Circuit Breaker (ECB) in a more enhanced sensor state and as a data communication tool, provides tremendous value given its multipurpose capability. A “distributed” electronic power distribution architecture, is comprised of groupings of remotely operated electronic circuit breakers (ECBUs), System Control Interface Units (SCIUs), primary power distribution units (PDU), bus transfer contactors, and

Ballas, Michael, Potter, Fred

Structural Health Monitoring With Fiber Bragg Grating and Piezo Arrays

TBMG-1485810/01/2012

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is one of the most important tools available for the maintenance, safety, and integrity of aerospace structural systems. Lightweight, electromagnetic-interference- immune, fiber-optic sensor-based SHM will play an increasing role in more secure air transportation systems. Manufacturers and maintenance personnel have pressing needs for significantly improving safety and reliability while providing for lower inspection and maintenance costs. Undetected or untreated damage may grow and lead to catastrophic structural failure.

Maturation of Structural Health Management Systems for Solid Rocket Motors

TBMG-1305003/01/2012

An autonomous and automated spacecompliant diagnostic system concept was developed for condition-based maintenance (CBM) of rocket motors for space exploration vehicles. The system will provide real-time information on the integrity of critical structures on launch vehicles, improve their performance, and greatly increase crew safety while decreasing inspection costs. Using Acellent’s SMART layer technology as a basis, detailed procedures and calibration techniques for implementation of the diagnostic system were developed. The concept of the interface focusing on the link from the diagnostic system to the Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) system using Open System Architecture was also developed.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System for Monitoring Smart Composite Aerospace Structures

TBMG-1261201/01/2012

Lightweight, electromagnetic interference (EMI) immune, fiber-optic, sensorbased structural health monitoring (SHM) will play an increasing role in aerospace structures ranging from aircraft wings to jet engine vanes. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors for SHM include advanced signal processing, system and damage identification, and location and quantification algorithms. Potentially, the solution could be developed into an autonomous onboard system to inspect and perform non-destructive evaluation and SHM.

John C. Stennis Space Center

TBMG-1191611/01/2011

In the 1960s, NASA’s John C. Stennis Space Center, all but hidden away in the piney woods of south Mississippi, built a reputation of excellence in testing the massive first and second stages of the Saturn rocket for the nation’s Apollo Program.

Smart Monitoring System for Aircraft Structures

2011-01-271410/18/2011

TRIADE is a European Union project that focuses on the development of technological building blocks for Structure Health Monitoring (SHM) sensing devices in aeronautics. It is funded under the 7th framework program. In terms of objectives, the TRIADE project focuses on providing these technological building blocks and fully integrated prototypes in order to achieve power generation, power conservation, energy management and embedded powerful intelligence for data processing and storage for SHM sensing devices. The principal technological building blocks that the TRIADE project will provide are: - A low profile battery with high energy density which will be able to function in a harsh environment, - An energy harvester from vibration and electromagnetic RF, - Ultra low power sensors which will be designed in SOI technology, and - A neural network for data recording and damage assessment. The smart tag will be the size of a credit card (dimension 85x55x4 mm) and will support remote

Rouet, Vincent, Foucher, Bruno

Aerospace Engineering 2011-08-17

11AERD081708/17/2011

Bright prognosis for IVHM Partnerships, web tools help integrated vehicle health monitoring extend its reach.

In Situ Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring System

TBMG-901701/01/2011

Aircraft engine rotating equipment operates at high temperatures and stresses. Noninvasive inspection of microcracks in those components poses a challenge for nondestructive evaluation. A low-cost, low-profile, high-temperature ultrasonic guided wave sensor was developed that detects cracks in situ. The transducer design provides nondestructive evaluation of structures and materials.

A Framework for Developing an EPS Health Management System

2010-01-172511/02/2010

This paper describes a framework for developing an Integrated Electrical Power System (EPS) Health Management System. The framework is based on the perspective that health management, unlike other capabilities, is not a self-contained, stand-alone system, but is rather an integral part of every aircraft subsystem, system, and the entire platform. Ultimately, the objective is to improve the entire maintenance, logistics and fleet operations support processes. This perspective requires a new mindset when applying systems engineering design principles. The paper provides an overview description of the framework, the potential benefits of the approach and some critical design and implementation issues based on current development efforts.

Hernandez, Luis, Mullins, Michael, Morris, Charles, Keller, Kirby

Tomographic Electrical Resistance-Based Damage Sensing in Nano-Engineered Composite Structures

TBMG-826308/01/2010

Advanced composite materials are increasingly replacing metals in the aerospace industry as they offer weight-saving improvements such as high specific strength and stiffness, while providing resistance to fatigue and corrosion. Traditional advanced composites, however, exhibit significantly reduced electrical and thermal conductivity relative to metals, and matrix-rich regions at ply interfaces result in relatively poor interlaminar properties. Additionally, composites that have sustained damage often have non-visible or barely visible damage, complicating damage assessment. Recent efforts to address the limitations of advanced composites include the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to take advantage of intrinsic and scale-dependent properties of these nanostructures.

Integrating Electrical Prognostics and Monitoring into an Electronic Power Distribution System

2009-01-319011/10/2009

This paper discusses the merits of using an Electronic Power Distribution System (see Ref. 1) to support real-time prognostics data acquisition and analysis. Examples and actual data are presented on the analysis of actuator, motor and pump loads from Voltage and current data collected by the EPDS. Trend monitoring and operation time monitoring are discussed. The methodology of detection and location of arc faults from available data is also discussed.

Ballas, Michael, Potter, Fred

Structural Health Management: Systems Design Approach

2009-01-323011/10/2009

Structural Health Management (SHM) and its related technologies offer the combined benefits of reducing maintenance costs while maintaining or improving structural design performance. SHM implementation for in-service aerospace platforms requires an approach to quantify how each application can provide benefits. A clear understanding from a benefits perspective provides insight to optimize SHM system design. The focus of this paper will be to describe the key aspects of SHM design from a large scale systems integration perspective. This will be accomplished by a brief overview of SHM from a design and integration perspective, followed by a discussion of SHM derived requirements in the context of example applications. Detailed assessments of a particular application often uncover very stringent requirements to meet existing design, operational performance, qualification, and certification criteria. This paper will discuss a design framework to more quickly understand these requirements

Ihn, Jeong-Beom, Davis, Chris, Haugse, Eric

Prognostic Health Management of an RF System Using GPS

TBMG-3651602/01/2009

Prognostic health management (PHM) of electronic systems presents challenges that traditionally were not worth the cost of pursuit. Recent changes in weapons platform acquisition and support requirements have spurred renewed interest in electronics PHM, revealing accessible data sources and previously unexplored predictive techniques. This article discusses the development and validation of electronic prognostics for a radio frequency (RF) system. The solution has applicability to a broad class of mixed digital/analog circuitry, including radar and software-defined radio.

Top Technologies of 2008

AERONOV08_0311/01/2008

The editors look back at some of the most significant technological innovations during the past year according to readers. Trace Technologies' new Photonic Interconnect Systems Design software tool supports system engineers with the design and validation of fiber-optic cable harnesses. Fiber-optic cabling reduces the weight of aircraft, increases bandwidth, and improves security compared with traditional copper cabling, Trace says. This means reduced fuel burn, increased range, improved cabin services, and more environmentally friendly flights.

The Connected Vehicle Proving Center: A Collaborative, Architecture-Neutral Development Environment

2008-21-000810/20/2008

This paper will present one method and architecture-neutral means for accomplishing a collaborative development environment that would virtually link the needed hard facilities such as roads and test tracks, utilize embedded and nomadic devices, provide the software development tools and support multiple communication protocols. The proposed capability would be able to be linked to any other facility globally, thereby allowing public and private entities an ability to both clearly evaluate what is created elsewhere, improve or demonstrate their developments, and provide a means of advancing vehicle communications research.

McCormick, Scott J.

Tunable Optical Assembly With Vibration Dampening

TBMG-1115601/01/2008

Since their market introduction in 1995, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [wherein “fiber” signifies optical fiber] have emerged as excellent means of measuring such parameters as strain and temperature. Distributed-grating sensing is particularly beneficial for such structural-health monitoring applications such as those of “smart” structures or integrated vehicle health management in aerospace vehicles. Because of the variability of their output wavelengths, tunable lasers have become widely used as means of measuring FBGs.

Tunable Optical Assembly With Vibration Dampening

TBMG-254801/01/2008

Since their market introduction in 1995, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [wherein “fiber” signifies optical fiber] have emerged as excellent means of measuring such parameters as strain and temperature. Distributed-grating sensing is particularly beneficial for such structural-health monitoring applications such as those of “smart” structures or integrated vehicle health management in aerospace vehicles. Because of the variability of their output wavelengths, tunable lasers have become widely used as means of measuring FBGs.

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