Browse Topic: Respiratory system

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Blood Test Detects Multiple Types of CancerTBMG-361763/1/2020
A new blood test uses next-generation sequencing technology to probe DNA for tiny chemical tags (methylation) that influence whether genes are active or inactive. When applied to nearly 3,600 blood samples — some from patients with cancer and some from people who had not been diagnosed with cancer at the time of the blood draw — the test successfully picked up a cancer signal from the cancer patient samples and correctly identified the tissue from where the cancer began (the tissue of origin). The test’s specificity — its ability to return a positive result only when cancer is actually present — was high, as was its ability to pinpoint the organ or tissue of origin.
Biofeedback Loops Aim to Enhance Combat and Sports TrainingTBMG-359572/1/2020
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Low-Field MRI Improves Lung, Cardiac ImagingTBMG-357731/1/2020
National Institutes of Health researchers, along with researchers at Siemens, have developed a high-performance, low-magnetic-field MRI system that vastly improves image quality of the lungs and other internal structures of the human body. The new system is more compatible with interventional devices that could greatly enhance image-guided procedures that diagnose and treat disease, and the system makes medical imaging more affordable and accessible for patients.
Wirelessly Controlled Ingestible CapsuleTBMG-357891/1/2020
Researchers have developed an ingestible capsule that can be controlled using Bluetooth wireless technology. The capsule — which can be customized to deliver drugs, sense environmental conditions, or both — can reside in the stomach for at least a month, transmitting information and responding to instructions from a user's smartphone.
Implantable Cancer Traps Could Provide Earlier Diagnosis, Help Monitor TreatmentTBMG-3562812/1/2019
Invasive procedures to biopsy tissue from cancer-tainted organs could be replaced by simply taking samples from a tiny “decoy” implanted just beneath the skin, University of Michigan researchers have demonstrated in mice.
Bioelectronic Implant Could Prevent Opioid DeathsTBMG-3563012/1/2019
Researchers are developing a novel, implantable device that can sense the effects of a potentially fatal level of ingested opioids and then automatically and immediately deliver a life-saving dose of naloxone.
Electronic Nose Can Sniff Out Which Lung Cancer Patients Will Respond to ImmunotherapyTBMG-3549511/1/2019
European Society for Medical Oncology Lugano, Switzerland
Software Applications for the Control and Management of the Amine Swingbed ExperimentTBMG-3526510/1/2019
The Swingbed software applications provide for the control, command, fault detection, fault recovery, and telemetry monitoring aspects of the Amine Swingbed experiment. These software components are the Swingbed Loader Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI), the Swingbed Control Module, and the Swingbed Ground Controller applications. As a whole, the Amine Swingbed experiment provides a means for investigating the removal of carbon dioxide from the International Space Station (ISS) crews’ breathing environment via a system of a vacuum-regenerated amine pressure swing absorption reaction beds. Its development and deployment aboard the ISS as an Express Rack pay-load serves to advance the use of the amine-based pressure swing absorption technology towards a level of technology readiness suitable for use in future space transportation systems, where the use of consumables for the removal of carbon dioxide from the breathable environment is not desirable.
Wearable Monitor Continuously Measures Breath Rate and VolumeTBMG-349108/1/2019
Researchers developed a wearable, disposable respiration monitor that provides high-fidelity readings on a continuous basis. It's designed to help children with asthma and cystic fibrosis, and others with chronic pulmonary conditions.
Technique Identifies Electricity-Producing BacteriaTBMG-348918/1/2019
Certain species of bacteria that exist in oxygen-deprived environments must find a way to breathe that doesn't involve oxygen. These microbes — which can be found deep within mines, at the bottom of lakes, and even in the human gut — have evolved a unique form of breathing that involves excreting and pumping out electrons; they actually produce electricity.
Technique for 3D-Printing of Replacement OrgansTBMG-348968/1/2019
Bioengineers have cleared a major hurdle on the path to 3D-printing replacement organs with a new technique for bioprinting tissues. It allows scientists to create entangled vascular networks that mimic the body's natural passageways for blood, air, lymph, and other vital fluids.
Wearable Ultrasound Patch Monitors Blood PressureTBMG-346056/1/2019
Wearable devices have been limited to sensing signals either on the surface of the skin or right beneath it. A new wearable ultrasound patch non-invasively monitors blood pressure in arteries as deep as four centimeters (more than one inch) below the skin, helping to detect cardiovascular problems earlier on and with greater precision. In tests, the patch performed as well as some clinical methods to measure blood pressure.
Full-Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung-Related DiseasesTBMG-346196/1/2019
Microphones and stethoscopes are regularly used by physicians to detect sounds when monitoring physiological conditions. These monitors are coupled directly to a person's body and measure in certain bandwidths either by listening or by recording the signals. The physiological processes, such as respiration and cardiac activity, are reflected in a different frequency bandwidth from 0.01 Hz to 500 Hz.
When You Need a Machine for Breathing, You’d Better Have Accurate SensorsTBMG-345916/1/2019
Medical ventilation technology has come far since the original iron lung was first used more than 90 years ago. Using negative pressure to ventilate, the patient was inserted into an airtight chamber looking like a prop from a Sci-Fi movie. The iron lung mimicked the physiological act of breathing. Pumps controlling airflow periodically increased and decreased air pressure within the chamber and thus indirectly in the patient’s chest. Lungs were inflated by applying negative pressure to the patient’s body and then when the pressure inside the chamber increased, it compressed the patient’s chest and forced them to exhale. But the machines were bulky and restricted a patient’s ability to move. So, when positive pressure ventilators were developed in the 1950s, the technology caught on. Patients were not restricted, and caregivers could better examine them. Modern ventilators use either a tracheal tube or mask to apply positive pressure and inflate the lung during inspiration.
Graphene-Based Technology for Wearable Health MonitoringTBMG-345936/1/2019
Graphene Flagship partner ICFO, based in Barcelona, Spain is developing graphene-based prototypes that aim to turn mobile phones into life saving devices. The first of these will allow users to monitor their level of exposure to sunlight through a UV sensor. Designed as a flexible, transparent and disposable patch, it connects to a mobile device and alerts the user once he or she has reached a defined threshold of sun exposure.
UCI Biomedical Engineers Develop Wearable Respiration Monitor with Children’s ToyTBMG-345836/1/2019
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a wearable, disposable respiration monitor that provides high-fidelity readings on a continuous basis. It’s designed to help children with asthma and cystic fibrosis and others with chronic pulmonary conditions.
Researchers Develop Long-Lasting Disposable Health PatchTBMG-342674/1/2019
Researchers have created a health patch that offers unprecedented comfort and a long battery life, previously unseen in this type of device. The patch can also be manufactured at a fraction of the cost of previous generations, making it a user-friendly, disposable solution for ambulant patient monitoring.
Nano-Optic Endoscope Sees Deep into Tissue at High ResolutionTBMG-338953/1/2019
The diagnosis of diseases based in internal organs often relies on biopsy samples collected from affected regions. But collecting such samples is highly error-prone due to the inability of current endoscopic imaging techniques to accurately visualize sites of disease. The conventional optical elements in catheters used to access hard-to-reach areas of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary airways, are prone to aberrations that obstruct the full capabilities of optical imaging.
Ricocheting Radio Waves Monitor the Tiniest MovementsTBMG-336131/1/2019
Infrared motion detectors can cover only a limited amount of space, a person has to be within the detector's line of sight to be detected, and lights can go off when a person remains still for too long. Work has demonstrated that patterns made by radio waves can detect a person's presence and location anywhere inside a room. A new motion sensor based on metamaterials is sensitive enough to monitor a person's breathing.
Simple Urine Test Could Diagnose Bacterial PneumoniaTBMG-335731/1/2019
A nanoparticle-based technology could be used to improve the speed of diagnosis. This type of sensor could also be used to monitor whether antibiotic therapy has successfully treated the infection.
2018 Medical Winner: An Implantable Sensor Technology Platform for Advanced Prosthetic ControlTBMG-3324611/1/2018
The 16th annual “Create the Future” Design Contest for engineers, students, and entrepreneurs worldwide, sponsored by COMSOL, Inc., and Mouser Electronics, drew many innovative product ideas from engineers and students in 60 countries. The Medical category itself received 62 outstanding entries from 18 countries. Analog Devices and Intel were supporting sponsors, and Zeus sponsored the Medical category. The contest, which was established in 2002, recognizes and rewards engineering innovations that benefit humanity, the environment, and the economy.
Using Optical 3D Scanning to Measure the Human BodyTBMG-324558/1/2018
The latest advances in 3D technologies are revolutionizing the ability to measure the human body, and this is having a tremendous impact on the healthcare industry and in the development of healthcare products. For example, Japanese research company Unitika Garments Technology is using optical 3D scanning to measure the human body to research use of dimensional inspection for quality control of textile products. Optical 3D measurement produces data that cannot be gathered using traditional methods.
Ultrathin Endoscope Captures Neurons Firing Deep in the BrainTBMG-297497/1/2018
Researchers have developed an endoscope as thin as a human hair that can image the activity of neurons in the brains of living mice. Because it is so thin, the endoscope can reach deep into the brain, giving researchers access to areas that cannot be seen with microscopes or other types of endoscopes.
Squirtable Surgical Glue Could Transform Surgeries and Save LivesTBMG-285213/1/2018
Sutures and staples are the traditional methods for closing surgical incisions and wounds in emergency situations. However, these methods can be inadequate in complex surgeries and cannot make an airtight or liquid-tight seal on a lung or artery wound or incision. Now researchers funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) have created a surgical glue that is squirted onto wounds and then sets to form an elastic airtight or liquid-tight seal in just one minute. Successfully tested in animals, the sealant has enormous promise for life-saving use in humans.
Super-Elastic Surgical Glue Sticks and Seals in VivoTBMG-2796712/1/2017
To repair ruptured or pierced organs and tissues, surgeons commonly use staples, sutures and wires to bring and hold the wound edges together so that they can heal. However, these procedures can be difficult to perform in hard-to-reach areas of the body and wounds are often not completely sealed immediately. They also come with the risk that tissues are further damaged and infected. A particular challenge is posed by wounds in fragile or elastic tissues that continuously expand or contract and relax, like the breathing lung, the beating heart and pulsing arteries.
The Impact of Video Compression on Remote Cardiac Pulse Measurement Using Imaging Photoplethysmography17AERP10_0710/1/2017
Remote physiological measurement technique leverages digital cameras to recover the blood volume pulse from the human body. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio Remote measurement of physiological signals has a number of advantages over traditional contact methods. It allows the measurement of vital signals unobtrusively and concomitantly. In recent years, a number of approaches for imaging-based measurement of physiology using digital cameras have been proposed. Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) captures variations in light reflected from the body due to blood volume changes in microvascular tissue. It has been demonstrated that sub-pixel variations in color channel measurements from a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera, when aggregated, could be used to recover the blood volume pulse. Subsequently, it was shown that iPPG methods can allow accurate measurement of heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, blood oxygenation and pulse transit time. A number of parameters influence the accuracy of iPPG measurements. These include the imager quality, and the frame rate and resolution of the images. Previous research compared remote physiological measurement using a low cost webcam and a high-speed color CMOS and showed similar signals were captured from both cameras, further supporting that iPPG is a practical method for scalable applications such as telemedicine. It was also found that reducing frame rate from 120Hz to 30Hz and/or reducing image resolution from 658×492 pixels to 329×246 pixels had little impact on the accuracy of pulse rate measurements. Video compression is an important parameter that has not been systematically studied with regard to iPPG.
The Impact of Video Compression on Remote Cardiac Pulse Measurement Using Imaging PhotoplethysmographyTBMG-2764810/1/2017
Remote measurement of physiological signals has a number of advantages over traditional contact methods. It allows the measurement of vital signals unobtrusively and concomitantly. In recent years, a number of approaches for imaging-based measurement of physiology using digital cameras have been proposed. Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) captures variations in light reflected from the body due to blood volume changes in microvascular tissue. It has been demonstrated that sub-pixel variations in color channel measurements from a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera, when aggregated, could be used to recover the blood volume pulse. Subsequently, it was shown that iPPG methods can allow accurate measurement of heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, blood oxygenation and pulse transit time.
Simple, Discreet Device Opens Obstructed NostrilsTBMG-276239/28/2017
A Johns Hopkins student team has devised a simple, discreet device to open obstructed nostrils, a common problem that can cause snoring and other sleep disruptions, as well as exercising difficulties.
Yale Startup 'Advances' Guidewire PlacementTBMG-2596011/20/2016
A device from Yale University researchers aims to simplify the process of placing a central venous catheter, or central line, in patients. The Ballistra Guidewire Advancer allows the physician to insert a guidewire with one hand and continuously monitor the location of the needle tip via ultrasound. The procedure allows full visibility of the guidewire at all times, and simplifies the process to a few thumb movements.
Device Can Diagnose Helicobacter from Exhaled AirTBMG-254089/1/2016
Developing Mini Artificial LungsTBMG-249947/1/2016
Ingestible Electronics to Measure Vital SignsTBMG-236991/1/2016
Not too far in the future, doctors may be using technology invented by a team of scientists at MIT to monitor patients’ vital signs by having them swallow an electronic device that can measure heart rate and breathing rate from within the gastrointestinal tract.
MouthLab Sensor Measures Patients' Vital SignsTBMG-228858/27/2015
Engineers and physicians at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have designed a hand-held, battery-powered, 3D-printed device that quickly picks up vital signs from a patient’s lips and fingertip. The human "check-engine light," called MouthLab, could replace the bulky monitors now used in hospitals.
Tiny Mechanical Wrist Supports Needlescopic SurgeriesTBMG-226147/27/2015
A tiny mechanical wrist from a team of engineers and doctors at Vanderbilt University’s Medical Engineering and Discovery Laboratory will be used on needle-sized surgical robots. The wrist is less than 1/16th of an inch (2 mm) thick.
Camera-Based, Touch-Free Technology to Measure Vital SignsTBMG-224517/1/2015
A team of engineers at Rice University are developing a highly accurate, touch-free system that uses a video camera to monitor patients’ vital signs simply by looking at their faces. While the technique isn’t new, they say that their version allows the software to work under conditions that have so far stumped earlier systems.
Researcher Spotlight: Imaging Software Improves Video Monitoring of Vital SignsTBMG-222616/1/2015
By detecting nearly imperceptible changes in skin color, emerging imaging technologies have been able to extract pulse rate, breathing rate, and other vital signs from a person facing a camera. The videography tools have struggled, however, to compensate for low light conditions, dark skin tones, and movement.
Attachable Army Device Displays Vital SignsTBMG-221715/22/2015
A Compensatory Reserve Index (CRI) device developed by Army medical researchers attaches to a soldier's finger and displays vital signs: body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The matchbox-sized tool includes a computer display, wire, and plastic clip.
Pacemaker Powered by Beating HeartTBMG-198706/1/2014
An interdisciplinary research team led by Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, has developed a flexible medical implant that harvests energy from the beating heart, which, they say, could be used to power pacemakers, defibrillators, and heart-rate monitors naturally and reliably and reduce or eliminate the need for batteries.
‘Desktop Human’ Aids in Toxicity ScreeningTBMG-196645/1/2014
Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, working in conjunction with researchers at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, and others, have created ATHENA, the Advanced Tissue-engineered Human Ectypal Network Analyzer. They say that this project, which is focused on creating surrogate human organs, coupled with input from highly sensitive mass spectrometry technologies, could revolutionize the way drugs and toxic agents are screened.
Minimally Invasive, Maximally Innovative: Polymer Science and Extrusion Plays Vital RoleTBMG-192373/1/2014
William “Bill” Cook started Cook Medical out of a spare bedroom in his Bloomington, IN, apartment in 1963. It was where he and his wife, Gayle, made guide wires, guiding catheters, and other small devices used in diagnostic radiology.
2013 Create the Future Design: Medical Category WinnerTBMG-1774011/1/2013
Humanlike Articulated Robotic Headform for Respirator Fit TestingTBMG-169918/1/2013
The testing of individual respiratory protection (IRP) devices is now accomplished with panels of human wearers. Historical attempts to simulate the human face and head have been unsuccessful for a variety of reasons that include imprecision in reproduction of facial dimensions and unrepresentative textures of the surfaces applied to headforms.
Humanlike Articulated Robotic Headform for Respirator Fit TestingTBMG-170018/1/2013
The testing of individual respiratory protection (IRP) devices is now accomplished with panels of human wearers. Historical at tempts to simulate the human face and head have been unsuccessful for a variety of reasons that include imprecision in reproduction of facial dimensions and unrepresentative textures of the surfaces applied to headforms.
Oxygen Equipment for AircraftAIR825D (Current)12/3/2012
This report provides information on the design and use of aircraft oxygen systems. It explains the physiological oxygen requirements of the human body in both a normal environment and in an hypoxic environment. It includes an overview of the continuous flow, demand and pressure demand, and liquid oxygen systems. A basic understanding of how each system operates is then specifically addressed in its own titled section. The charts, tables, and schematics provide a specific example of a theoretical oxygen system design and the calculations showing how that system would meet the regulations established by the FAR’s. A comprehensive overview of the theoretical oxygen requirements of the human body at altitude is also provided. A detailed list of specifications and standards applicable to aircraft oxygen systems is included.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Developing Physiologic Models for Emergency Medical Procedures Under MicrogravityTBMG-1510911/1/2012
Several technological enhancements have been made to METI’s commercial Emergency Care Simulator (ECS) with regard to how microgravity affects human physiology. The ECS uses both a softwareonly lung simulation, and an integrated mannequin lung that uses a physical lung bag for creating chest excursions, and a digital simulation of lung mechanics and gas exchange. METI’s patient simulators incorporate models of human physiology that simulate lung and chest wall mechanics, as well as pulmonary gas exchange.
Developing Physiologic Models for Emergency Medical Procedures Under MicrogravityTBMG-146179/1/2012
Several technological enhancements have been made to METI’s commercial Emergency Care Simulator (ECS) with regard to how microgravity affects human physiology. The ECS uses both a software only lung simulation, and an integrated mannequin lung that uses a physical lung bag for creating chest excursions, and a digital simulation of lung mechanics and gas exchange. METI’s patient simulators incorporate models of human physiology that simulate lung and chest wall mechanics, as well as pulmonary gas exchange.
Automotive Engineering International 2012-07-1712AEID07177/17/2012
Breathing life into fuel cells Daimler unit NuCellSys has been making advances in the air supply for fuel-cell stacks, with a new system in the works.
Early Detection of Reduced Alertness using Subsidiary Behavior2012-01-07374/16/2012
An analysis of drivers' facial expressions and subsidiary behavior events (e.g., yawning, self-touching hand motions, etc.) revealed a significant correlation between the struggle against sleepiness and the frequency of occurrence of such events. We counted drivers' subsidiary behavior events by video analysis and defined nine categories of events related to the mouth, hands, head, shoulders, body and eyes. Mouth-related events were further categorized as yawning, stifling a yawn, exhaling and deep breathing. Yawning and self-touching hand motions in particular were observed in relatively large numbers among subsidiary behavior events. Based on this observation, we created an algorithm for detecting yawning and self-touching hand motions using a monocular camera and calculated the frequency of these subsidiary behavior events. In experiments, we compared the frequency of the subsidiary behavior events at the outset of driving and after the passage of time. As a result, we found time frames with a higher frequency of subsidiary events than at the outset, indicating an imminent decline in alertness based on a comparison with drivers' facial expressions. Our results show that the proposed method can detect a decrease in alertness earlier than the conventional eye closure rate method.
Matsuo, Haruo, Khiat, Abdelaziz
Ultrasound Technique Breaks Down Blood ClotsTBMG-131383/1/2012
Ultrasound has long been associated with diagnostic imaging, but it is increasingly being explored and utilized as a beneficial, non-invasive tool for applications ranging from surgery to therapy. Researchers at the University of Michigan are focused on refining a new technique called histotripsy, which uses an ultrasound intensity hundreds of times higher than what is normally required for diagnostic imaging. “Histo” means soft tissue in Greek, and “tripsy” means breakdown.
Safety & Security Category WinnerTBMG-1205811/1/2011
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