Browse Topic: Respiratory system

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SAE TOMORROW TODAY - How Autonomy is Breathing New Life into Farming1351505/16/2025
Labor shortages are pushing many family farms to the brink. The solution? Autonomous technology which is emerging as a game-changer--boosting productivity, cutting risk, and giving family farms a fighting chance to thrive for generations to come. At the forefront of this transformation is Blue River Technology, a John Deere subsidiary leading the charge in precision agriculture. From AI-driven tools to autonomous machinery, the company is helping to build the future of farming the John Deere way, meeting farmers in the field and designing solutions grounded in real-world challenges. With safety and scalability built in, farmers can start small with retrofit kits that upgrade existing tractors, making automation more accessible than ever. To learn more, we caught up with Aaron Wells, Director of Engineering at Blue River, to explore how automation is transforming agriculture and giving farmers the tools they need to stay ahead--despite labor challenges. We'd love to hear from you. Share
Hineman, Marcie
A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation2025-01-004405/05/2023
In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting
Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas
Multi-Dimensional CFD Studies of Oil Drawdown in an I4 Engine2022-01-047303/29/2022
A computational study based on unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes that resolves the gas-liquid interface was performed to examine the unsteady multiphase flow in a 4 cylinder Inline (I-4) engine. In this study, the rotating motion of the crankshaft and reciprocating motion of the pistons were accounted for to accurately predict the oil distribution in various parts of the engine. Three rotational speeds of the crankshaft have been examined: 1000, 2800, and 4000 RPM. Of particular interest is to examine the mechanisms governing the process of oil drawdown from the engine head into the case. The oil distributions in other parts of the engine have also been investigated to understand the overall crankcase breathing process. Results obtained show the drawdown of oil from the head into the case to be strongly dependent on the venting strategy for the foul air going out of the engine through the PCV system. Results also show the dynamic holdup of oil in the steady operation to be
Pandey, Ashutosh, Schlautman, Jeff, Nichani, Varun
Formaldehydes Measurement Using Laser Spectroscopic Gas Analyzer2021-01-060404/06/2021
The use of alternative fuels, especially oxygenated fuels in automobile engines, has been increasing owing to the stringent global fuel economy and emission regulations. As a result, it is concerned that the emissions of alcohols and aldehydes have increased significantly. Aldehydes, formaldehyde (HCHO) in particular, are non-criteria pollutants that are acutely toxic and/or carcinogenic. Several reports have associated HCHO with potential lung and airway cancers. Therefore, emission regulations for these compounds have already been implemented in several areas worldwide. The conventional measurement (impinger, etc.) methods for HCHO possess advantages and disadvantages. HCHO can be measured with high sensitivity if measured in a batch. However, in real-time measurements, low concentration measurements are challenging. To overcome this challenge, a real-time HCHO analyzer for low concentration measurement of 0.1 ppm resolution in real time of 10Hz was developed in this study based on
Hara, Kenji, Shibuya, Kyoji, Nagura, Naoki, Hanada, Takaaki, Tsurumi, Kazuya
Biocontainment Unit for Virus-Sized ParticlesTBMG-3833201/01/2021
Researchers have created an individual biocontainment unit (IBU) that uses negative pressure to suction the air from around a patient and filter out viral particles. This prevents environmental contamination and limits exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In addition to guarding against COVID-19, the IBU could be rapidly deployed to isolate patients with any respiratory illness such as influenza, MERS, or tuberculosis.
Bioenvironmental Engineering Guide for Composite MaterialsTBMG-3825012/01/2020
The use of composite materials is on the rise. Consequently, this guide was developed to provide base-level Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) personnel with a comprehensive baseline for identifying, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental hazards associated with composite fibers and materials.
Robot Takes Contact-Free Measurements of Patients’ Vital SignsTBMG-3817212/01/2020
During the coronavirus pandemic, one of the riskiest parts of a healthcare worker’s job is assessing people who have symptoms of COVID-19. Researchers are reducing that risk by using robots to remotely measure patients’ vital signs. The robots, which are controlled by a handheld device, can also carry a tablet that allows doctors to ask patients about their symptoms without being in the same room.
3D Printed ‘Invisible’ Fibers Can Sense Breath, Sound, and CellsTBMG-3807111/01/2020
Researchers have used 3D printing to make electronic fibers, each 100 times thinner than a human hair, to create non-contact, wearable, portable respiratory sensors. The low-cost sensors are highly sensitive and can be attached to a mobile phone to collect breath pattern information, sound, and images at the same time.
When Every Second Counts … Important Considerations for Respiratory Ventilator DesignTBMG-3759209/01/2020
Today, more than ever before, “never fail” operation of emergency and critical care equipment is a need, not an option. Devices such as ventilators provide life-maintaining oxygen, and the recent pandemic has increased demand for these devices. Ventilators are mission-critical to sustaining life and require a robust design to ensure they maintain the necessary up-time for patient care.
Engineers 3D-Print Sensors Onto Moving OrgansTBMG-3766809/01/2020
A new technique allows 3D printing of hydrogel-based sensors directly on the surface of organs, such as lungs — even as they expand and contract. The technology was developed to support robot-assisted medical treatments. According to the researchers, along with a robot's ability to assist a surgeon with removing a tumor from a lung, for example, this technology could 3D print a sensor onto the surface of the lung to monitor how well it functions during and following the procedure.
New High-Flow Valve for Portable Oxygen Concentrator SystemsTBMG-3724807/01/2020
Battery-powered, highly portable oxygen concentrators are a growing trend in patient mobility, enabling more and more oxygen-dependent patients to leave behind bulky home oxygen concentrator systems; larger, older “portable” concentrators; or oxygen tanks for hours at a time. But creating and building devices with high oxygen capacity in a size and weight easily managed by an oxygen-dependent individual remains a major engineering challenge.
Products of Tomorrow: July 2020TBMG-3721307/01/2020
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Can a Wearable Help You Get Quality Zzzzs?TBMG-3701706/01/2020
How well did you sleep last night? Did you wake up feeling truly rested, or somewhat groggy? Quality sleep is essential for our health and well-being, but with as many as one-third of American adults not getting enough sleep regularly, it’s a problem that’s desperate for solutions.
Wool Mask Used to Fight Fires in Space Improves Fire Equipment on EarthTBMG-3702706/01/2020
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Biofeedback Loops Aim to Enhance Combat and Sports TrainingTBMG-3595702/01/2020
Spinoff is NASA's annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Low-Field MRI Improves Lung, Cardiac ImagingTBMG-3577301/01/2020
National Institutes of Health researchers, along with researchers at Siemens, have developed a high-performance, low-magnetic-field MRI system that vastly improves image quality of the lungs and other internal structures of the human body. The new system is more compatible with interventional devices that could greatly enhance image-guided procedures that diagnose and treat disease, and the system makes medical imaging more affordable and accessible for patients.
Wirelessly Controlled Ingestible CapsuleTBMG-3578901/01/2020
Researchers have developed an ingestible capsule that can be controlled using Bluetooth wireless technology. The capsule — which can be customized to deliver drugs, sense environmental conditions, or both — can reside in the stomach for at least a month, transmitting information and responding to instructions from a user's smartphone.
Electronic Nose Can Sniff Out Which Lung Cancer Patients Will Respond to ImmunotherapyTBMG-3549511/01/2019
European Society for Medical Oncology Lugano, Switzerland
Technique for 3D-Printing of Replacement OrgansTBMG-3489608/01/2019
Bioengineers have cleared a major hurdle on the path to 3D-printing replacement organs with a new technique for bioprinting tissues. It allows scientists to create entangled vascular networks that mimic the body's natural passageways for blood, air, lymph, and other vital fluids.
Wearable Monitor Continuously Measures Breath Rate and VolumeTBMG-3491008/01/2019
Researchers developed a wearable, disposable respiration monitor that provides high-fidelity readings on a continuous basis. It's designed to help children with asthma and cystic fibrosis, and others with chronic pulmonary conditions.
Full-Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung-Related DiseasesTBMG-3461906/01/2019
Microphones and stethoscopes are regularly used by physicians to detect sounds when monitoring physiological conditions. These monitors are coupled directly to a person's body and measure in certain bandwidths either by listening or by recording the signals. The physiological processes, such as respiration and cardiac activity, are reflected in a different frequency bandwidth from 0.01 Hz to 500 Hz.
UCI Biomedical Engineers Develop Wearable Respiration Monitor with Children’s ToyTBMG-3458306/01/2019
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a wearable, disposable respiration monitor that provides high-fidelity readings on a continuous basis. It’s designed to help children with asthma and cystic fibrosis and others with chronic pulmonary conditions.
When You Need a Machine for Breathing, You’d Better Have Accurate SensorsTBMG-3459106/01/2019
Medical ventilation technology has come far since the original iron lung was first used more than 90 years ago. Using negative pressure to ventilate, the patient was inserted into an airtight chamber looking like a prop from a Sci-Fi movie. The iron lung mimicked the physiological act of breathing. Pumps controlling airflow periodically increased and decreased air pressure within the chamber and thus indirectly in the patient’s chest. Lungs were inflated by applying negative pressure to the patient’s body and then when the pressure inside the chamber increased, it compressed the patient’s chest and forced them to exhale. But the machines were bulky and restricted a patient’s ability to move. So, when positive pressure ventilators were developed in the 1950s, the technology caught on. Patients were not restricted, and caregivers could better examine them. Modern ventilators use either a tracheal tube or mask to apply positive pressure and inflate the lung during inspiration.
Graphene-Based Technology for Wearable Health MonitoringTBMG-3459306/01/2019
Graphene Flagship partner ICFO, based in Barcelona, Spain is developing graphene-based prototypes that aim to turn mobile phones into life saving devices. The first of these will allow users to monitor their level of exposure to sunlight through a UV sensor. Designed as a flexible, transparent and disposable patch, it connects to a mobile device and alerts the user once he or she has reached a defined threshold of sun exposure.
Researchers Develop Long-Lasting Disposable Health PatchTBMG-3426704/01/2019
Researchers have created a health patch that offers unprecedented comfort and a long battery life, previously unseen in this type of device. The patch can also be manufactured at a fraction of the cost of previous generations, making it a user-friendly, disposable solution for ambulant patient monitoring.
2018 Medical Winner: An Implantable Sensor Technology Platform for Advanced Prosthetic ControlTBMG-3324611/01/2018
The 16th annual “Create the Future” Design Contest for engineers, students, and entrepreneurs worldwide, sponsored by COMSOL, Inc., and Mouser Electronics, drew many innovative product ideas from engineers and students in 60 countries. The Medical category itself received 62 outstanding entries from 18 countries. Analog Devices and Intel were supporting sponsors, and Zeus sponsored the Medical category. The contest, which was established in 2002, recognizes and rewards engineering innovations that benefit humanity, the environment, and the economy.
Using Optical 3D Scanning to Measure the Human BodyTBMG-3245508/01/2018
The latest advances in 3D technologies are revolutionizing the ability to measure the human body, and this is having a tremendous impact on the healthcare industry and in the development of healthcare products. For example, Japanese research company Unitika Garments Technology is using optical 3D scanning to measure the human body to research use of dimensional inspection for quality control of textile products. Optical 3D measurement produces data that cannot be gathered using traditional methods.
Ultrathin Endoscope Captures Neurons Firing Deep in the BrainTBMG-2974907/01/2018
Researchers have developed an endoscope as thin as a human hair that can image the activity of neurons in the brains of living mice. Because it is so thin, the endoscope can reach deep into the brain, giving researchers access to areas that cannot be seen with microscopes or other types of endoscopes.
Squirtable Surgical Glue Could Transform Surgeries and Save LivesTBMG-2852103/01/2018
Sutures and staples are the traditional methods for closing surgical incisions and wounds in emergency situations. However, these methods can be inadequate in complex surgeries and cannot make an airtight or liquid-tight seal on a lung or artery wound or incision. Now researchers funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) have created a surgical glue that is squirted onto wounds and then sets to form an elastic airtight or liquid-tight seal in just one minute. Successfully tested in animals, the sealant has enormous promise for life-saving use in humans.
3D Printing Creates Super-Soft Structures that Replicate Brain and LungsTBMG-2825501/15/2018
Researchers have developed a new method for creating 3D structures using cryogenics (freezing) and 3D printing techniques. This builds on previous research but is the first to create structures that are soft enough to mimic the mechanical properties of organs such as the brain and lungs.
Super-Elastic Surgical Glue Sticks and Seals in VivoTBMG-2796712/01/2017
To repair ruptured or pierced organs and tissues, surgeons commonly use staples, sutures and wires to bring and hold the wound edges together so that they can heal. However, these procedures can be difficult to perform in hard-to-reach areas of the body and wounds are often not completely sealed immediately. They also come with the risk that tissues are further damaged and infected. A particular challenge is posed by wounds in fragile or elastic tissues that continuously expand or contract and relax, like the breathing lung, the beating heart and pulsing arteries.
Device Can Diagnose Helicobacter from Exhaled AirTBMG-2540809/01/2016
Developing Mini Artificial LungsTBMG-2499407/01/2016
Ingestible Electronics to Measure Vital SignsTBMG-2369901/01/2016
Not too far in the future, doctors may be using technology invented by a team of scientists at MIT to monitor patients’ vital signs by having them swallow an electronic device that can measure heart rate and breathing rate from within the gastrointestinal tract.
MouthLab Sensor Measures Patients' Vital SignsTBMG-2288508/27/2015
Engineers and physicians at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have designed a hand-held, battery-powered, 3D-printed device that quickly picks up vital signs from a patient’s lips and fingertip. The human "check-engine light," called MouthLab, could replace the bulky monitors now used in hospitals.
Tiny Mechanical Wrist Supports Needlescopic SurgeriesTBMG-2261407/27/2015
A tiny mechanical wrist from a team of engineers and doctors at Vanderbilt University’s Medical Engineering and Discovery Laboratory will be used on needle-sized surgical robots. The wrist is less than 1/16th of an inch (2 mm) thick.
Camera-Based, Touch-Free Technology to Measure Vital SignsTBMG-2245107/01/2015
A team of engineers at Rice University are developing a highly accurate, touch-free system that uses a video camera to monitor patients’ vital signs simply by looking at their faces. While the technique isn’t new, they say that their version allows the software to work under conditions that have so far stumped earlier systems.
Researcher Spotlight: Imaging Software Improves Video Monitoring of Vital SignsTBMG-2226106/01/2015
By detecting nearly imperceptible changes in skin color, emerging imaging technologies have been able to extract pulse rate, breathing rate, and other vital signs from a person facing a camera. The videography tools have struggled, however, to compensate for low light conditions, dark skin tones, and movement.
Attachable Army Device Displays Vital SignsTBMG-2217105/22/2015
A Compensatory Reserve Index (CRI) device developed by Army medical researchers attaches to a soldier's finger and displays vital signs: body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The matchbox-sized tool includes a computer display, wire, and plastic clip.
Signal Processing Software for Remote Vital Sign MonitoringTBMG-2162403/01/2015
This software provides the processing for a non-contact system that remotely estimates the heart rate and respiration rate of individuals as they carry on daily activities, and also enables detection of heart and respiration rate through walls.
Pacemaker Powered by Beating HeartTBMG-1987006/01/2014
An interdisciplinary research team led by Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, has developed a flexible medical implant that harvests energy from the beating heart, which, they say, could be used to power pacemakers, defibrillators, and heart-rate monitors naturally and reliably and reduce or eliminate the need for batteries.
Monitoring fine particle concentrations14MEIP06_0206/01/2014
A robust and versatile system has been developed by Pegasor Oy to measure engine exhaust particulate mass and number more accurately. Fine particles are released into the atmosphere from several sources-such as vehicles, industries, etc.-in variable concentrations and a range of particle sizes from greater than 10 μm to less than 5 nm. It has been shown that the most harmful particles are those smaller than 2.5 μm, which cannot be effectively removed by the body's defense mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract. The smallest of these particles, those below 100 nm, have been proven to easily penetrate not only the upper respiratory system but also the lining of the lungs, cell interstitium, and cell walls. Exposure (either short or long term) can cause a variety of acute and chronic health issues ranging from asthma to heart attacks, strokes, and premature deaths. These tiny particles are also the most difficult to measure. Currently they are measured with costly, complex, and
‘Desktop Human’ Aids in Toxicity ScreeningTBMG-1966405/01/2014
Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, working in conjunction with researchers at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, and others, have created ATHENA, the Advanced Tissue-engineered Human Ectypal Network Analyzer. They say that this project, which is focused on creating surrogate human organs, coupled with input from highly sensitive mass spectrometry technologies, could revolutionize the way drugs and toxic agents are screened.
Minimally Invasive, Maximally Innovative: Polymer Science and Extrusion Plays Vital RoleTBMG-1923703/01/2014
William “Bill” Cook started Cook Medical out of a spare bedroom in his Bloomington, IN, apartment in 1963. It was where he and his wife, Gayle, made guide wires, guiding catheters, and other small devices used in diagnostic radiology.
Jim Lux, Task Manager, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CATBMG-1885312/01/2013
Jim Lux is task manager on FINDER (Finding Individuals for Disaster and Emergency Response), a portable radar device that detects heartbeats and breathing of victims trapped under rubble in a disaster.
2013 Create the Future Design: Medical Category WinnerTBMG-1774011/01/2013
Humanlike Articulated Robotic Headform for Respirator Fit TestingTBMG-1699108/01/2013
The testing of individual respiratory protection (IRP) devices is now accomplished with panels of human wearers. Historical attempts to simulate the human face and head have been unsuccessful for a variety of reasons that include imprecision in reproduction of facial dimensions and unrepresentative textures of the surfaces applied to headforms.
Humanlike Articulated Robotic Headform for Respirator Fit TestingTBMG-1700108/01/2013
The testing of individual respiratory protection (IRP) devices is now accomplished with panels of human wearers. Historical at tempts to simulate the human face and head have been unsuccessful for a variety of reasons that include imprecision in reproduction of facial dimensions and unrepresentative textures of the surfaces applied to headforms.
Oxygen Equipment for AircraftAIR825D (Current)12/03/2012
This report provides information on the design and use of aircraft oxygen systems. It explains the physiological oxygen requirements of the human body in both a normal environment and in an hypoxic environment. It includes an overview of the continuous flow, demand and pressure demand, and liquid oxygen systems. A basic understanding of how each system operates is then specifically addressed in its own titled section. The charts, tables, and schematics provide a specific example of a theoretical oxygen system design and the calculations showing how that system would meet the regulations established by the FAR’s. A comprehensive overview of the theoretical oxygen requirements of the human body at altitude is also provided. A detailed list of specifications and standards applicable to aircraft oxygen systems is included.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Oxygen Equipment for AircraftAIR825D-TEST-REC (Historical)12/03/2012
This report provides information on the design and use of aircraft oxygen systems. It explains the physiological oxygen requirements of the human body in both a normal environment and in an hypoxic environment. It includes an overview of the continuous flow, demand and pressure demand, and liquid oxygen systems. A basic understanding of how each system operates is then specifically addressed in its own titled section. The charts, tables, and schematics provide a specific example of a theoretical oxygen system design and the calculations showing how that system would meet the regulations established by the FAR’s. A comprehensive overview of the theoretical oxygen requirements of the human body at altitude is also provided. A detailed list of specifications and standards applicable to aircraft oxygen systems is included.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
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