The scope of this report will document the various voltage levels and provide a rational for each level as discussed and agreed to in the AE-7 committee.

AE-7C Systems

Photonic Wireless System Powers Medical Implants

TBMG-3834901/01/2021

Medical implants, such as pacemakers, serve various functions in patients and help to improve their quality of life. But to power these devices, re-implanted devices and invasive surgery are often required, which may lead to a risk of surgical complications. In search of a more permanent solution, scientists developed a photonic device that reduces the need for re-implants.

Side-Mounted Solar Modules Enhance Energy Sustainability

TBMG-3832901/01/2021

If builders could incorporate solar harvesting into the siding of a building, the amount of energy from the grid that a structure would need may significantly decrease. Researchers have demonstrated the potential of wedge-shaped luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) that can easily be hung on the side of a building.

Electric-Powered Warship

TBMG-3823912/01/2020

GE's Power Conversion Business Warwickshire, UK +44 (0) 1788 563386

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWER, AIRCRAFT, 28 VOLT DC OPERATING POWER

AS35061B (Current)

11/12/2020

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Perovskite Solar Cells Take the Heat

TBMG-3782610/01/2020

A problem with the current generation of silicon solar cells is their relatively low efficiency at converting solar energy into electricity. The best silicon solar cells in the lab are about 26% efficient while commercial cells are about 15%. That means bigger systems are necessary to produce a given amount of electricity and bigger systems mean higher costs.

Airport Electrical Power System Harmonics

AIR5387 (Current)09/23/2020

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to cover all airport 50 or 60 Hz electrical systems as well as all electrical utilization equipment that is attached to those systems.

AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee

CONNECTOR, PLUG, ATTACHABLE, EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWER, AIRCRAFT, 115/200 VOLT, 400 HERTZ

AS25486B (Current)04/17/2020

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Minimization of Electric Heating of the Traction Induction Machine Rotor

2020-01-056204/14/2020

The article solves the problem of reducing electric power losses of the traction induction machine rotor to prevent its overheating in nominal and high-load modes. Electric losses of the rotor power are optimized by the stabilization of the main magnetic flow of the electric machine at a nominal level with the amplitude-frequency control in a wide range of speeds and increased loads. The quasi-independent excitation of the induction machine allows us to increase the rigidity of mechanical characteristics, decrease the rotor slip at nominal loads and overloads and significantly decrease electrical losses in the rotor as compared to other control methods. The article considers the technology of converting the power of individual phases into a single energy flow using a three-phase electric machine equivalent circuit and obtaining an energy model in the form of equations of instantaneous active and reactive power balance. The quasi-independent excitation of the induction machine is

Nikiforova, Elena, Smolin, Victor, Gladyshev, Sergey

Development of RC-IGBT with a New Structure That Contributes to Both Reduced Size of Power Control Unit and Low Loss in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2020-01-059604/14/2020

In order to improve the fuel efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), it is necessary to reduce the size and power loss of the HEV Power Control Units (PCUs). The loss of power devices (IGBTs and FWDs) used in a PCU accounts for approximately 20% of electric power loss of an HEV. Therefore, it is important to reduce the power loss while size reduction of the power devices. In order to achieve the newly developed PCU target for compact-size vehicles, the development targets for the power device were to achieve low power loss equivalent to its previous generation while size reduction by 25%. The size reduction was achieved by developing a new RC-IGBT (Reverse Conducting IGBT) with an IGBT and a FWD integration. As for the power loss aggravation, which was a major issue due to this integration, we optimized some important parameters like the IGBT and FWD surface layout and backside FWD pattern. As a result, it was possible to avoid the snapback characteristic (IGBT loss aggravation

Murakami, Koichi, Rahman, Tasbir, Kimura, Keisuke, Konishi, Masaki, Iguchi, Hiroko, Kawaji, Sachiko

Q&A

20TOFHP02_1402/01/2020

Off-highway industrial machines require multi-function implement operation with dynamic duty cycles. In many cases, machine implements demand short bursts of full engine power and brake dynamic loads requiring 50% or more of energy consumed. Many next-generation machines reduce energy loss and improve productivity by incorporating hybrid-electric approaches with energy storage. An efficient implement solution enabling the hybrid-electric approach is essential to achieve maximum improvement potential. At the upcoming IFPE 2020 show in Las Vegas (www.ifpe.com), education sessions offered to attendees will address this challenge and other issues facing the fluid power and motion control industries. A session titled “Fundamentals of Hydraulic Systems” will include speakers from Ultra Clean Technologies Corp., Atos North America, Parker Hannifin, and Hallite Seals Americas. Show organizer AEM (Association of Equipment Manufacturers) spoke with presenter Dale Vanderlaan, R&D engineering

Device Creates Electricity from Snowfall

TBMG-3571212/01/2019

Researchers have designed a device that creates electricity from falling snow. The device is inexpensive, small, thin, and flexible like a sheet of plastic. It can work in remote areas because it provides its own power and does not need batteries. The device is also a weather station that can tell how much snow is falling, the direction the snow is falling, and the direction and speed of the wind.

Q&A: Refrigeration by Twisting Fibers

TBMG-3571312/01/2019

Dr. Ray Baughman, Director of the Alan G. MacDiarmid Nano Tech Institute at the University of Texas, Dallas, and his team discovered a new technology for refrigeration that is based on twisting and untwisting fibers.

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWER, AIRCRAFT, 270 VDC, 90 KW

AS81790/1 (Current)11/15/2019

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Design and Analysis of Sigma Z-Source Inverter for PV Applications

2019-28-012310/11/2019

Traditional Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) produces lesser output voltage than the input and causes shoot-through due to the gating of the semiconductor device connected in same leg. The ZSI is used to overcome the inadequacies of VSI. The ZSI has been extensively used in electric drives, PV system and UPS. The conventional ZSI suffers some disadvantages like restricted boost capability, discontinuity in input current and large inrush current. These limitations are overcome by using a transformer which replaces the inductor in the impedance source network. In high-voltage gain applications, the single transformer-based ZSI topologies requires more turns ratio which requires large size transformer. For improving the boost capability, the TZSI is used. The Z-source network of the TZSI constitutes two transformers with low turns ratio. TZSI has certain demerits such as restricted boost capability, high inrush current and discontinuity in the input current. However, TZSI requires high turns

Nallathambi, Kalaiarasi, Rangarajan, Uthra, Daniel, Anitha

Smart, Hybrid Actuators Combine Nanometer Precision, Large Forces, and Long Travel Ranges with High Dynamics

TBMG-3529010/01/2019

The characteristics of hybrid drives present a practical solution when a position needs to be detected with high precision and moved repeatedly over long travel ranges, or when a target position needs to be reached with nanometer precision. Application areas include precision movement of telescopes, microscopy, surface inspection, semiconductor manufacturing, and laser technology.

Low-Cost Thermoelectric Material Works at Room Temperature

TBMG-3512509/01/2019

The widespread adoption of thermoelectric devices that can directly convert electricity into thermal energy for cooling and heating has been hindered, in part, by the lack of materials that are both inexpensive and highly efficient at room temperature. A new material was developed that works efficiently at room temperature while requiring almost no costly tellurium, a major component of the current state-of-the-art material. Future work could close the slight performance gap between the new material and the traditional material, a bismuth-tellurium-based alloy.

Harvesting Energy from the Human Knee

TBMG-3509709/01/2019

An energy harvester attached to the wearer’s knee can generate 1.6 μW of power while the wearer walks without any increase in effort. The energy is enough to power small electronics like health monitoring equipment.

Wearable Liquid Unit Harvests Energy

TBMG-3493308/01/2019

Researchers have created wearable technology to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. It presents a step toward the practical realization of self-powered, human-integrated technologies.

Rotary Electrical Contact

TBMG-3462006/01/2019

Researchers have developed a fundamentally new type of rotary electrical contact that addresses the two limitations of conventional brush/slip ring technology: 1) short operating lifetime due to sliding-contact wear, and 2) electrical arcing associated with contact bounce.

Wood-Based Technology Creates Electricity from Heat

TBMG-3460806/01/2019

Researchers have transformed a piece of wood into a flexible membrane that generates energy from the same type of electric current (ions) on which the human body runs. This energy is generated using charged channel walls and other unique properties of the wood’s natural nanostructures. With this new wood-based technology, a small temperature differential can be used to efficiently generate ionic voltage.

Algorithm Predicts How Electromagnetic Waves Interact with Materials at the Smallest Scales

TBMG-3461406/01/2019

Magnetic materials can attract or repel each other based on their polar orientation — positive and negative ends attract each other, while two positives or two negatives repel. When an electromagnetic signal like a radio wave passes through such materials, a magnetic material acts like a gatekeeper, letting in the signals that are desired but keeping out others. They can also amplify the signal or dampen the speed and strength of the signals.

Generating Electrical Power from Waste Heat

TBMG-3461106/01/2019

Directly converting electrical power to heat is easy; however, converting heat into electrical power is not as easy. To address this issue, a tiny silicon-based device was developed that can harness what was previously called waste heat and turn it into DC power. The device could be used as a compact infrared power supply that could replace radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that are used for such tasks as powering sensors for space missions that don’t get enough direct sunlight to power solar panels. The device is made of common and abundant materials such as aluminum, silicon, and silicon dioxide — or glass — combined in uncommon ways.

Protecting high-voltage circuits

19AUTP06_0706/01/2019

Yazaki readies a new solution for arc suppression in circuits of 48V or more. As OEMs develop their next-generation electrical architectures aimed at new hybrid, EV and autonomous vehicles, engineers are focused on delivering systems that are even more robust and “fail-safe” than those used today. Handling more power safely is a given, experts say, as more power-gobbling heated seats, electric turbos, active suspensions, lidars, on-board data processors and other safety sensors are added. “The industry is now undergoing a fundamental change in how much electrical power is being used,” observed Eric Varton, chief engineer of advance development for Yazaki North America Core Engineering. He noted that the typical 12V vehicle architecture launched in the early 1960s is only capable of deliveing around 2 kW power. In an autonomous vehicle, the autonomous Drive module alone could consume 2 kW.

Brooke, Lindsay

Electroceutical Bandages Destroy Bacteria

TBMG-3462606/01/2019

Used since 2013, electroceutical bandages — which use electrical impulses to treat medical issues — kill bacteria around a wound, allowing wounds to heal faster. In addition, if infection is present, they can remove the infection, enabling them to heal chronic wounds.

Quantum Radio Aids Communications and Mapping

TBMG-3416404/01/2019

GPS signals do not penetrate very deeply or at all in water, soil, or building walls, and therefore can’t be used by submarines or in underground activities such as surveying mines. GPS also may not work well indoors or even outdoors among city skyscrapers. For soldiers, radio signals may be blocked in environments cluttered by rubble or many interfering electromagnetic devices during military or disaster recovery missions.

High-Power Thermoelectric Generator

TBMG-3391303/01/2019

Objects in our daily lives, such as speakers, refrigerators, and even cars, are becoming “smarter” day by day as they connect to the Internet and exchange data, creating the Internet of Things (IoT). Toward an IoT-based society, a miniaturized thermoelectric generator is anticipated to charge these objects, especially for those that are portable and wearable.

New Laser for Improving Telecommunications and Computing

TBMG-3338912/01/2018

The first laser based on the wave physics phenomenon called bound states in the continuum (BIC) has been developed. The technology could revolutionize the development of surface lasers, making them more compact and energy-efficient for communications and computing applications. The BIC lasers could also be developed as high-power lasers for industrial and defense applications.

A Methodology for Formal Requirements Validation and Automatic Test Generation and Application to Aerospace Systems

2018-01-194810/30/2018

Automation on Validation and Verification (V&V) leveraging Formal Methods, and in particular Model Checking, is seeing an increasing use in the Aerospace domain. In recent years, Formal Methods have been used to verify systems and software and its correctness as a way to augment traditional methods relying on simulation and testing. Recent updates to the relevant Aerospace regulations (e.g. DO178C, DO331 and DO333) now have explicit provisions for utilization of models and formal methods. In a previous paper a compositional methodology for the verification of Aerospace Systems has been described with application to Electrical Power Generation and Distribution Systems. In this paper we present an expansion of the previous work in two directions. First, we describe the application of the methodology to the validation of Proximity Sensing Systems (PSS) requirements showing the effectiveness of the method to a new aerospace domain. Second, both the methodology and technology components

Ferrante, Orlando, Scholte, Eelco, Rollini, Simone, North, Rob, Manica, Luca, Senni, Valerio

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