Browse Topic: Gas turbine lubricants

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Aviation Lubricant Tribology Evaluator (ALTE) Method to Determine the Lubricating Quality of Gas Turbine LubricantsARP6255A (Current)11/26/2025
Employing ‘ball-on-cylinder’ philosophy, a non-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck and using an applied load is forced against an axially mounted steel cylinder. The test cylinder is rotated at a fixed speed while being partially immersed in a lubricant reservoir. This maintains the cylinder in a wet condition and continuously transports a lubricating film of test fluid to the ball and cylinder interface. The diameter of the wear scar generated on the test ball is used as a measure of the fluid’s lubricating properties. The apparatus can be used, by adjusting the operating conditions, to reproduce two different wear mechanisms; mild and severe wear, the ALTE therefore has the ability to assess a lubricant’s performance in that regard.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Test Method for the Determination of Total Acidity in Polyol Ester and Diester Gas Turbine Lubricants by Automatic Potentiometric TitrationARP5088C (Current)11/26/2025
The test method describes the procedure for determination of the total acid number of new and degraded polyol ester and diester based gas turbine lubricants by potentiometric titration technique. The method was validated to cover an acidity range 0.05 to 6.0 mg KOH g-1. The method may also be suitable for the determination of acidities outside of this range and for other classes of lubricant.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Gas Turbine Engine Lubricant Specifications: Current Technical Review and Future DirectionAIR6056A (Current)11/26/2025
This AIR describes the current scientific and engineering principles of gas turbine lubricant performance testing per AS5780 and identifies gaps in our understanding of the technology to help the continuous improvement of this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
A Review of Literature on the Relationship Between Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants and Aircraft Cabin Air QualityAIR5784A (Current)11/26/2025
There has been a recent upsurge in interest from the media concerning the quality of the environment within aircraft cabins and cockpits especially in the commercial world. This has included (although by no means been limited to) the air quality, with particular reference to the alleged effects of contamination from the aircraft turbine lubricant. Possible exposure to 'organophosphates' (OPs) from the oil has raised special concerns from cabin crew. Such is the concern that government organisations around the world, including Australia, USA and UK, have set up committees to investigate the cabin air quality issue. Concern was also voiced in the aviation lubricants world at the way in which OP additives in turbine lubricants were being blamed in some reports for the symptoms being experienced by air crew and passengers. SAE Committee E-34 therefore decided that it should gather as much available information on the subject as possible. This would then enable E-34 to participate in debates on the issue and help prevent a potentially erroneous decision regarding the future of OP based additives in turbine lubricants. It would also serve as an indicator of where any additional work may be necessary to properly gauge the role that turbine lubricants, and OP additives, play in cabin air quality. This report summarises recent documentation from the literature on this subject. The contents do not necessarily represent the views of the SAE or any of the members of the study group who produced this review. The literature falls into three categories: - Air quality (Section 5), which includes: future systems to improve air quality and research plans into investigating cabin air quality - Chemistry of turbine lubricants, phosphate esters (Section 6), including evaluation of products found in cabin air and thermal breakdown products of lubricants. - Toxicity evaluation of turbine oils and additives (Section 7).
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
O-RING MOLDED FROM AMS7259 MATERIALAS83248/2A (Current)11/9/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Elastomer Compatibility Considerations Relative to Elastomer SelectionAIR786C (Current)10/1/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains data relative to the chemical nature of aerospace fluids and relates each to its empirical effect upon elastomeric components. Since the compatibilities of elastomers are determined by the compounding as well as the nature of the base polymer, the elastomers considered are limited to finished compounds for which material or performance specifications can be referenced.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
O-Ring Molded from AMS7272 Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Rubber (NBR)AS3551A (Current)10/9/2020
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings molded from AMS7272 NBR rubber. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Procedure for Thermal Aging Test for Polyol Ester Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsARP6299 (Current)9/1/2020
This method is intended to evaluate the thermal and oxidative stability of synthetic, ester-based aviation lubricants under defined conditions of time and temperature. This method is applicable to lubricants meeting the compositional and performance requirements of AS5780.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Pressure-Viscosity Coefficient MeasurementARP6157A (Current)6/15/2020
The lubricant performance capability for aero propulsion drive systems is derived from the physical properties of the oil and performance attributes associated with the chemical properties of the oil. Physical properties, such as viscosity, pressure-viscosity coefficient and full-film traction coefficient are inherent properties of the lubricating fluid. Chemical attributes are critical for the formation of protective boundary lubricating films on the surfaces to prevent wear and scuffing. These attributes are also associated with surface initiated fatigue (micropitting). To assure performance and to provide required information for engineering design, methodology for at least five oil properties are being studied: (1) pressure-viscosity coefficient, (2) full-film traction coefficient, (3) scuffing resistance, (4) wear resistance, and (5) micropitting propensity. The pressure-viscosity coefficient can be measured either directly by assessing viscosity as a function of pressure using high-pressure apparatus, or indirectly by measuring film thickness in an optical interferometer. This document (ARP6157) describes the following two alternative test instruments for calculating the pressure viscosity coefficient by measuring the fluid film thickness: i PCS EHD2 test instrument ii WAM test machine Both methods have been shown to give similar results, therefore either method can be used to calculate the pressure viscosity coefficient of a sample lubricant. For details of how to set up and run either method, see Section 7 (PCS-EHD) or Section 8 (WAM).
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Assessment of Elastomer Volume Swelling Behavior in Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants - Short Duration TestARP7355 (Current)2/20/2020
This method is used for determining the volume swelling effect of aero-derived gas turbine engine lubricants on elastomeric materials. It provides insight into the expected performance of a candidate lubricants impact upon elastomer swell and provides data to determine if the candidate lubricant meets specification requirements. This ARP is based upon Federal Standard 791, Method 3604.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
O-Ring Molded from AMS7273 MaterialAS9967A (Historical)1/9/2020
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings molded from AMS7273 rubber. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Management of Change Considerations for Aero Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants Under AS5780AIR6918 (Current)12/2/2019
The intent is to provide a reference which explains the types of possible changes to AS5780 products and provide appropriate context to the QPG. All product change requests to the QPG will be evaluated on their merits recognizing the content of this AIR is guidance only.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
O-Ring Molded from AMS7287 Material, MetricMA3445A (Current)7/10/2019
These products have been used in contact with air and a wide variety of fuels, lubricants, specific hydraulic fluids, and a variety of gas turbine engine lubricants, including higher thermo-oxidative stability (HTS) lubricants, including those conforming to MIL-PRF-23699 Class HTS, MIL-PRF-7808 Grade 4, and AS5780 Class HPC; however, usage is not limited to such applications. This material type has a typical service temperature range of -20 to +400 °F (-28 to +204 °C). These products are not suitable for use in phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids. Each application should be considered individually.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Evaluation of Gas Turbine Engine Lubricant Compatibility with Elastomer Slabs - Long Duration TestARP6917 (Current)12/10/2018
This test method provides procedures for exposing specimens of elastomer material (slab form) representative to those used in gas turbine engines to aviation lubricants under extended duration and engine relevant thermal conditions. For AS5780 requirements the time is at least 1800 hours and temperatures are 100 °C to 160 °C. Positive volume change is an indication of specimen swell and subsequent negative volume change is an indication of specimen deterioration, both properties are important in the evaluation of the compatibility of the lubricant with elastomers used in the construction of the gas turbine.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Fluid, Reference for Testing AS5780 HPC Class (Polyol) Resistant Material (Also known as Eastman Reference Oil 300)AMS3085B (Current)4/19/2018
This specification covers a neopentyl polyol ester fluid (see 8.2) with AS5780 HPC or MIL-PRF-23699 HTS Class performance.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Guide to Engine Lubrication System MonitoringAIR1828C (Current)4/10/2018
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information and guidance for the selection and use of technologies and methods for lubrication system monitoring of gas turbine aircraft engines. This AIR describes technologies and methods covering oil system performance monitoring, oil debris monitoring, and oil condition monitoring. Both on-aircraft and off-aircraft applications are presented. A higher-level view of lubrication system monitoring as part of an overall engine monitoring system (EMS), is discussed in ARP1587. The scope of this document is limited to those lubrication system monitoring, inspection and analysis methods and devices that can be considered appropriate for health monitoring and routine maintenance. This AIR is intended to be used as a technical guide. It is not intended to be used as a legal document or standard.
E-32 Aerospace Propulsion Systems Health Management
Specification for Aero and Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780D (Current)3/4/2018
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in Appendix D Section D.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas turbine oil in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builders and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Specification for Aero and Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780C (Historical)8/4/2017
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in Appendix D Section D.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas turbine oil in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builders and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
WAM Pressure-Viscosity Coefficient MeasurementARP6157 (Historical)5/18/2017
The lubricant performance capability for aero propulsion drive systems is derived from the physical properties of the oil and performance attributes associated with the chemical properties of the oil. Physical properties, such as viscosity, pressure-viscosity coefficient and full-film traction coefficient are inherent properties of the lubricating fluid. Chemical attributes are critical for the formation of protective boundary lubricating films on the surfaces to prevent wear and scuffing. These attributes are also associated with surface initiated fatigue (micropitting). To assure performance and to provide required information for engineering design, methodology for at least five oil properties are being studied: (1) pressure-viscosity coefficient, (2) full-film traction coefficient, (3) scuffing resistance, (4) wear resistance; and (5) micropitting propensity. The pressure-viscosity coefficient can be measured either directly by assessing viscosity as a function of pressure using high-pressure apparatus, or indirectly by measuring film thickness in an optical interferometer. This document (ARP6157) describes the test method for calculating the pressureviscosity coefficient by measuring film thickness with a WAM (Wedeven Associates Machine) and the calculating pressure-viscosity coefficient from the measured film thickness.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
WAM High Speed Load Capacity Test MethodARP6156 (Current)4/5/2017
The lubricant performance capability for aero propulsion drive systems is derived from the physical properties of the oil and the chemical attributes associated with the oil formulation. All properties, such as viscosity, pressure-viscosity coefficient and full-film traction coefficient are inherent properties of the lubricating fluid. Chemical attributes are critical for the formation of protective boundary lubricating films on the surfaces to prevent wear and scuffing. To assure performance and to provide needed information for engineering design, test methodologies for at least five oil properties or attributes are being addressed: (1) pressure-viscosity coefficient, (2) full-film traction coefficient, (3) scuffing resistance, (4) wear resistance, and (5) micropitting propensity. While viscosity versus temperature data are readily available, the above five properties or attributes must be measured under relevant conditions for aero propulsion hardware systems. This document (ARP6156) describes the test method for scuffing and wear resistance. It should be noted that the test method results are limited to the selected test conditions, which may not be representative of the broad scope of conditions encountered in service.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Fluid, Reference for Testing Polyol Ester (and Diester) Resistant MaterialAMS3023B (Historical)3/31/2017
This specification covers a trimethylol propane triheptanoate fluid (see 8.2) representative of standard type (SPC) gas turbine engine oils.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
A Review of Literature on the Relationship Between Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants and Aircraft Cabin Air QualityAIR5784 (Historical)9/12/2016
There has been a recent upsurge in interest from the media concerning the quality of the environment within aircraft cabins and cockpits especially in the commercial world1-4. This has included (although by no means been limited to) the air quality, with particular reference to the alleged effects of contamination from the aircraft turbine lubricant. Possible exposure to ‘organophosphates’ (OPs) from the oil has raised special concerns from cabin crew. Such is the concern that government organisations around the world, including Australia, USA and UK, have set up committees to investigate the cabin air quality issue. Concern was also voiced in the aviation lubricants world at the way in which OP additives in turbine lubricants were being blamed in some reports for the symptoms being experienced by air crew and passengers. SAE Committee E-34 therefore decided that it should gather as much available information on the subject as possible. This would then enable E-34 to participate in debates on the issue and help prevent a potentially erroneous decision regarding the future of OP based additives in turbine lubricants. It would also serve as an indicator of where any additional work may be necessary to properly gauge the role that turbine lubricants, and OP additives, play in cabin air quality. This report summarises recent documentation from the literature on this subject. The contents do not necessarily represent the views of the SAE or any of the members of the study group who produced this review. The literature falls into three categories: Air quality (Section 5), which includes: Future systems to improve air quality Research plans into investigating cabin air quality Chemistry of turbine lubricants, phosphate esters (Section 6), including evaluation of products found in cabin air and thermal breakdown products of lubricants. Toxicity evaluation of turbine oils and additives (Section 7).
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Fluid, Reference for Testing AS5780 HPC Class (Polyol) Resistant Material (Also known as Eastman Reference Oil 300)AMS3085A (Historical)5/4/2016
This specification covers a neopentyl polyol ester fluid (see 8.2) with AS5780 HPC or MIL-PRF-23699 HTS Class performance.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Bearing Corrosion Test MethodARP4249A (Current)8/28/2015
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to evaluate corrosion inhibiting properties of synthetic gas turbine lubricants and gearbox oils.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Elastomer Compatibility Considerations Relative to Elastomeric Sealant SelectionAIR786B (Historical)11/6/2014
This document contains data relative to the chemical nature of aerospace fluids and relates each to its empirical effect upon elastomeric components. Since the compatibilities of elastomers are determined by the compounding as well as the nature of the base polymer, the elastomers considered are limited to finished compounds for which material or performance specifications can be referenced.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Gas Turbine Engine Lubricant Specifications: Current Technical Review and Future DirectionAIR6056 (Historical)8/20/2014
This AIR describes the current scientific and engineering principles of gas turbine lubricant performance testing per AS5780 and identifies gaps in our understanding of the technology to help the continuous improvement of this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Test Method for the Determination of Total Acidity in Polyol Ester and Diester Gas Turbine Lubricants by Automatic Potentiometric TitrationARP5088B (Historical)7/8/2014
The test method describes the procedure for determination of the total acid number of new and degraded polyol ester and diester based gas turbine lubricants by potentiometric titration technique. The method was validated to cover an acidity range 0.05 to 6.0 mg KOH g-1. The method may also be suitable for the determination of acidities outside of this range and for other classes of lubricant.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Evaluation of Coking Propensity of Aviation Lubricants in an Air-Oil Mist Environment using the Vapor Phase CokerARP5921 (Current)4/3/2014
This method is designed to evaluate the coking propensity of synthetic ester-based aviation lubricants under two phase air-oil mist conditions as found in certain parts of a gas turbine engine, for instance, bearing chamber vent lines. Based on the results from round robin data in 2008–2009 from four laboratories, this method is currently intended to provide a comparison between lubricants as a research tool; it is not currently a satisfactory pass/fail test. At this juncture a reference oil may improve reproducibility (precision between laboratories); a formal precision statement will be given when there is satisfactory data and an agreed on, suitable reference oil if applicable.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
An Assessment of the Influence of Gas Turbine Lubricant Thermal Oxidation Test Method Parameters Towards the Development of a New Engine Representative Laboratory Test Method2013-01-900412/20/2013
In the development of a more accurate laboratory scale method, the ability to replicate the thermal oxidative degradation mechanisms seen in gas turbine lubricants, is an essential requirement. This work describes an investigation into the influence of key reaction parameters and the equipment set up upon extent and mechanism of oil degradation. The air flow rate through the equipment was found to be critical to both degradation rate and extent of volatilization loss from the system. As these volatile species can participate in further reactions, it is important that the extent to which they are allowed to leave the test system is matched, where possible, to the conditions in the gas turbine. The presence of metal specimens was shown to have a small influence on the rate of degradation of the lubricant. Loss of metal from the copper and silver specimens due to the mild corrosive effect of the lubricant was seen. The Total Acid Number and viscosity of a series of oil samples from two service gas turbines are discussed. The ratio of these two physical properties was approximately constant between samples, indicating constant evaporation loss. Additionally, Gel Permeation Chromatography was used to compare the molecular weight distribution of a lubricant used in a gas turbine to laboratory samples. The replenishment of oil in service engines was highlighted as key difference between these samples. It is believed that laboratory methods can degrade oil similarly to service engines and therefore can be used to predict oil life and condition in service.
Spencer, Matthew, Shepherd, Timothy, Greenwood, Richard, Simmons, Mark
Fluid, Reference for Testing Polyol Ester (and Diester) Resistant MaterialAMS3023A (Historical)11/26/2013
This specification covers a trimethylol propane triheptanoate fluid (See 8.2) representative of standard type (SPC) gas turbine engine oils.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer (FKM) 70 to 80 Hardness, Low Temperature Sealing Tg -22 °F (-30 °C) For Elastomeric Shapes or Parts in Gas Turbine Engine Oil, Fuel and Hydraulic SystemsAMS3384 (Historical)8/5/2013
This specification covers a high temperature, compression set and fluid resistant fluorocarbon (FKM) rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Rubber: Butadiene-Acrylonitrile (NBR) Synthetic Lubricant Resistant 65 – 75 Hardness For Seals in Synthetic Lubricant SystemsAMS7272G (Current)4/12/2013
This specification covers a butadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR) rubber in the form of molded rings, compression seals, o-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Aviation Lubricant Tribology Evaluator (ALTE) Method to Determine the Lubricating Capability of Gas Turbine LubricantsARP6255 (Historical)3/15/2013
Employing ‘ball-on-cylinder’ philosophy, a non-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck and using an applied load is forced against an axially mounted steel cylinder. The test cylinder is rotated at a fixed speed while being partially immersed in a lubricant reservoir. This maintains the cylinder in a wet condition and continuously transports a lubricating film of test fluid to the ball and cylinder interface. The diameter of the wear scar generated on the test ball is used as a measure of the fluid’s lubricating properties. The apparatus can be used, by adjusting the operating conditions, to reproduce two different wear mechanisms; mild and severe wear, the ALTE therefore has the ability to assess a lubricant’s performance in that regard. These mechanisms are described below.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Specification for Aero and Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780B (Historical)2/24/2013
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in Appendix C, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas turbine oil in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builders and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Fluorocarbon Elastomer (FKM) High Temperature / HTS Oil Resistant / Fuel Resistant Low Compression Set / 70 to 80 Hardness, Low Temperature Tg -22 °F (-30 °C) For Seals in Oil / Fuel / Specific Hydraulic SystemsAMS7287 (Historical)8/29/2012
This specification covers a high temperature, compression set and fluid resistant fluorocarbon (FKM) elastomer in the form, of O-rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Formation of Deposits from Lubricants in High Temperature Applications2008-01-16176/23/2008
Deposit formation is an issue of great significance in a broad range of applications where lubricants are exposed to high temperatures. Lube varnish causes valve-sticking, bearing failure and filter blockage which can lead to considerable equipment downtime and high maintenance costs. Recently this has become a pressing issue in the stationary power generation industry. In order to investigate the chemistry leading to varnish, three samples of varnish-coated components from the lube/hydraulic systems of gas turbines from the field were obtained, along with information on the commercially available formulated oils which were used. Samples of these three fresh oils were analysed by a variety of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, which confirmed chemical identity of aminic and/or phenolic antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and antiwear components. The varnish-coated turbine components were also investigated by these methods. Notably, several lube additives present in the mother oil or their corresponding decomposition products were found in the varnish, in addition to base oil oxidative degradation products. An understanding of the chemical processes and additive contributions which lead to varnish affords formulators a powerful tool for the design of effective lubricants which minimize varnish formation.
Prasad, R. Shyam, Ryan, Helen T., Dell, Steven, Pheneger, Don D., Sheets, Roger M.
Fluid, Reference for Testing AS5780 HPC Class (Polyol) Resistant MaterialAMS3085 (Historical)10/29/2007
This specification covers a neopentyl polyol ester fluid (See 8.2) with AS5780 HPC or MIL-PRF-23699 HTS Class performance.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Test Method for the Determination of Total Acidity in Polyol Ester and Diester Gas Turbine Lubricants by Automatic Potentiometric TitrationARP5088A (Historical)11/1/2006
The test method describes the procedure for determination of the total acid number of new and degraded polyol ester and diester based gas turbine lubricants by potentiometric titration technique. The method was validated to cover an acidity range 0.05 to 6.0 mg KOH g-1. The method may also be suitable for the determination of acidities outside of this range and for other classes of lubricant.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Bearing Corrosion Test MethodARP4249 (Historical)11/1/2006
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to evaluate corrosion inhibiting properties of synthetic gas turbine lubricants and gearbox oils.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Lubricating Characteristics and Typical Properties of Lubricants Used in Aviation Propulsion and Drive SystemsAIR5433 (Historical)11/1/2005
This AIR establishes guidance for the specification of formulated lubricant properties which contribute to the lubricating function in bearings, gears, clutches and seals of aviation propulsion and drive systems.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Lubricant Health Monitoring Programs - A Proactive Approach to Increase Equipment Availability2005-01-359911/1/2005
With the increase of operating temperatures and equipment availability, the need is emerging for hydraulic and lubricating equipment manufacturing companies to include new proactive parameters in their maintenance specifications. Not only will these parameters result in a better balance between equipment and oil health monitoring, but also increase the availability of the equipment. The first part of this paper will present principles of working for this innovative technique, (off-line as well on-line oil analysis information) to monitor the antioxidant concentration or oxidative health of the oil, as a complementary parameter to contamination analysis. The second part of the paper will highlight the capability of the RULER™, as a portable field technique for different case studies. By monitoring the antioxidant depletion end-users will avoid excessive base-oil degradation and/or varnish and lacquer formation as well abnormally operating systems. Once the antioxidant information is generated on-site, it will quickly enable end-users to efficiently integrate condition-based maintenance strategies (such as re-additizing strategies) so that costly oil change-outs are performed based on condition rather than time resulting in increased equipment availability and decreased repair/maintenance costs..
Ameye, Jo, Kauffman, Robert E.
Specification for Aero and Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780A (Historical)10/14/2005
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in Appendix C, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas turbine oil in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builders and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this specification.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Testing the Degradation of Lubricants Using Normalized Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectral Subtraction2004-01-20216/8/2004
A new method of Normalized Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectral Subtraction (NTRFSS) was used to determine the degradation of lubricating oils. The method relied on measuring the laser-induced time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectra of the degraded oils at successive narrow time-gates within the temporal span of the laser pulse and subtracting them from the corresponding spectra of their neat samples. Contour maps were then constructed from the resulting TRF spectral subtraction to act as accurate indicators of the degradation conditions of the oils. Tests were conducted on an automobile lubricant at different degradation stages and also on a gas turbine lubricant. The results showed that the shapes of the NTRFSS contours were very sensitive to the degradation condition and also to the type of the lubricant used. The method is totally non-destructive and provides an enhancement over our recently introduced technique1 in terms of the distinguishing ability between degraded oils.
Hegazi, Ezzat
Fluoroelastomer Compatibility with Advanced Jet Engine Oils2001-01-29749/11/2001
Prevailing trends in aircraft turbine engine applications are pushing current elastomeric seal materials to their limits. These trends include the continued drive towards more powerful, lighter weight engines, with accompanying reductions in noise, emissions and fuel consumption, as well as ongoing improvements in reliability, maintainability, and longer intervals between engine overhauls. These trends converge to push engine thermodynamics to their limits, which manifests in higher operating and soakback temperatures. As a result, engine manufacturers specify high temperature stabilized (HTS) oils in order to achieve engine performance and life targets. Aircraft engine lubricants have had to keep pace with higher operating temperatures while still meeting stringent performance requirements and regulatory and environmental compliance. The demands on lubricant manufacturers include improved thermal oxidative stability, load carrying capability, reductions in vapor phase coking, and environmentally friendly additive systems. In order for oils to be stable at higher temperatures, different and more aggressive base stocks are often used in conjunction with sophisticated packages of surfactants and amine-based stabilizers. It is primarily the additive packages that challenge traditional fluoroelastomers to maintain long life, leak-free sealing performance. In this paper the compatibility of various fluoroelastomers with commercial jet engine oils will be reviewed. Fluoroelastomers that have historically been used in aerospace sealing applications will be compared to several specialty types. Properties relevant to sealing devices and applications will be discussed. Laboratory testing will characterize physical properties and property retention in jet oil through 1500 hours at 200°C.
Thomas, Eric W.
Core Requirement Specification for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780 (Historical)9/1/2000
This Core Specification is intended as a standardization document for the basic performance requirements for 5 cSt grade aircraft gas turbine engine lubricants. It will be subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ACIDITY IN POLYOL ESTER AND DIESTER GAS TURBINE LUBRICANTS BY AUTOMATIC POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONARP5088 (Historical)1/1/1998
The test method describes the procedure for determination of the total acid number of new and degraded polyol ester and diester based gas turbine lubricants by potentiometric titration technique. The method was validated to cover an acidity range 0.05 to 6.0 mg KOH g-1. The method may also be suitable for the determination of acidities outside of this range and for other classes of lubricant.
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Heavy Duty Diesel Deposit Control.... Prevention as a Cure97295410/1/1997
New deposit controlling additive technology has been identified and successfully evaluated in a heavy duty diesel (HDD) engine. This additive technology was selected on the basis of a screening protocol that has been developed to enable the identification of chemistry effective in controlling HDD piston deposits. Caterpillar 1N engine test results have confirmed the efficacy of the deposit controlling additives, thereby validating the screening protocol. The deposit controlling additives function by targeting the inception of the deposit forming mechanism. Such an approach is directed towards the concept of deposit prevention as opposed to providing a remedy subsequent to deposit formation. Emissions regulations and their impact on lubricant formulation is also mentioned together with industry requirements and methods for assessing the control of piston deposits. The additives that have been identified together with the screening approach that was developed, will provide a foundation for addressing the technical needs of future HDD categories, such as PC-9, where piston deposit control is a requirement.
Hutchings, Miles, Chasan, David, Burke, Ronald, Odorisio, Paul, Rovani, Margarita, Wang, Wilhelm
Effect of Gas Turbine Engine Lubricant Viscosity on Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) Life96210910/1/1996
The effect of gas turbine engine lubricant viscosity on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life was studied using four fully formulated synthetic ester based lubricants with the same additive package. The lubricants were evaluated using a modified ball-on-rod type rolling contact fatigue tester for fatigue and wear characteristics, at a maximum hertzian stress of 4.8 GPa and at a speed of 3600 rpm. Weibull analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed on the data to determine any significant difference in performance. The lubricant deposits formed at the tribocontact were examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). At ambient temperature, viscosity had no effect on both RCF life and wear. However, at 177°C the higher viscosity lubricants formed thicker lubricant film deposits and showed superior fatigue life and reduction in wear rate.
Trivedi, Hitesh K., Forster, Nelson H., Saba, Costandy S.
PERFORMANCE TESTING OF GAS TURBINE LUBE OIL FILTER ELEMENTSAIR1666 (Historical)7/1/1994
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews performance testing parameters for noncleanable, often referred to as disposable, aircraft gas turbine engine lubricant filter elements.
AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee
Development of a Bench Test to Detect Oils Corrosive to Engine Components9407903/1/1994
Corrosive wear of non-ferrous engine components by lubricants is a concern of all major heavy duty diesel engine manufacturers since warranty on key engine components has been extended to 500,000 miles. Several commercial lubricants have been linked to premature cam and rod bearing failures induced by corrosion in certain fleets. Although the overall failure rate is low, specific fleets have experienced significantly higher failure rates due to the lubricants used. These failures usually occur at high mileages but less than 500,000 miles. This kind of slow corrosion easily escapes detection of engine tests contained in current oil specifications, and it represents a serious issue in long term warranty cost to diesel engine manufacturers. A comprehensive fleet database has been established to identify the most corrosive lubricants. These lubricants have served as reference oils to develop a corrosion bench test. Adopting such a test will have a great impact on long term durability of heavy duty diesel engines.
Wang, Jerry C., Cusano, Carmen M.
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